I
nte
rna
t
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l J
o
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Appl
ied
P
o
wer
E
ng
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(
I
J
AP
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)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
~
2
3
4
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
1
4
.
i
1
.
pp
224
-
234
224
J
o
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h
ttp
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a
p
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.
ia
esco
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co
m
Enha
ncement
LV
RT ca
pa
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DFIG
driven
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d
co
nv
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stem
Abdes
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3
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2
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In
t
h
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p
a
p
e
r
we
p
re
se
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t
two
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
p
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o
tec
ti
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th
e
d
o
u
b
l
y
fe
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
(
DFIG
)
in
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
t
o
f
e
x
ter
n
a
l
d
ist
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rb
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e
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h
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tri
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ro
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r
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ircu
it
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ries
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ic
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ra
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(
S
DBR
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tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s.
Du
rin
g
v
o
lt
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g
e
d
ip
s,
t
h
e
first
tec
h
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i
q
u
e
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tri
g
g
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re
d
a
n
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o
rt
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ircu
it
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e
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t
o
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sid
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o
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rter
(
RS
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)
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a
s
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m
a
in
tain
th
e
ro
t
o
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c
u
rre
n
t
wit
h
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n
th
e
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e
sire
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li
m
it
s.
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a
re
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lt
,
t
h
e
DFIG
b
e
h
a
v
e
s
a
s
a
n
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sy
n
c
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ro
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s
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ra
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t
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a
t
a
b
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b
s
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re
a
c
ti
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e
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o
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o
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g
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th
e
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g
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p
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n
t
h
e
n
e
tw
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rk
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o
e
s
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o
t
m
e
e
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th
e
g
ri
d
c
o
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e
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s
(G
C
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re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
.
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h
e
se
c
o
n
d
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
m
a
k
e
s
i
t
p
o
ss
ib
le
to
li
m
it
o
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e
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n
t’s
a
t
th
e
lev
e
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o
f
t
h
e
sta
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r
a
n
d
ro
t
o
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o
f
th
e
DFIG
,
i
t
will
e
n
a
b
le
th
e
w
in
d
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
to
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
o
n
c
e
th
e
fa
u
lt
h
a
s
d
isa
p
p
e
a
re
d
a
n
d
t
o
sta
y
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
t
o
th
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
th
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
v
o
l
tag
e
d
ip
.
T
h
is
S
DBR
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
p
re
se
n
ts
a
g
o
o
d
c
o
m
p
ro
m
ise
b
e
twe
e
n
it
s
p
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
it
s
sim
p
li
c
it
y
,
it
s e
fficie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
it
s i
m
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
’s co
st
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
r
o
wb
ar
DFI
G
L
VR
T
SDB
R
Vo
ltag
e
d
ip
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ab
d
eslam
J
ab
al
L
aa
f
o
u
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
Ad
v
an
ce
d
Sy
s
tem
s
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
I
b
n
T
o
f
ail
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
Ken
itra
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail:
ab
d
eslam
.
jab
allaa
f
o
u
@
u
it.a
c.
m
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
r
e
n
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
win
d
en
er
g
y
,
h
as
led
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
in
s
talled
win
d
ca
p
ac
ity
wit
h
in
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
s
[
1
]
.
Du
e
to
th
is
h
ig
h
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
in
th
e
g
r
i
d
,
it
m
u
s
t
ad
d
r
ess
ch
allen
g
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
tab
ili
ty
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
g
r
id
co
d
es
r
eq
u
ir
e
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
m
o
r
e
ac
tiv
el
y
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
[
2
]
.
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
o
u
b
ly
-
f
e
d
in
d
u
ctio
n
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
DFI
G)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
wi
d
ely
u
s
ed
d
u
e
to
th
eir
ad
v
an
tag
es.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
DFI
G
s
tato
r
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
,
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
ca
u
s
es
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
DFI
G
ter
m
in
als
t
o
d
r
o
p
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
f
lo
win
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
win
d
in
g
s
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
an
d
ca
n
lead
to
its
d
estru
ctio
n
al
o
n
g
w
ith
its
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
ly
,
to
p
r
o
tect
a
g
ain
s
t
s
u
ch
f
a
u
lts
,
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
es
wer
e
allo
wed
to
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
n
o
t
b
e
n
ef
i
cial
f
o
r
eith
er
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
o
r
th
e
g
r
i
d
o
p
er
ato
r
,
as
th
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
a
win
d
f
ar
m
with
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
m
eg
a
watts
co
u
ld
d
is
r
u
p
t
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
p
r
o
l
o
n
g
th
e
ti
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
r
esto
r
e
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
g
r
id
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
wer
e
co
m
p
elled
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
co
d
es
[
2
]
.
T
o
d
ay
,
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
ar
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
p
er
m
itted
to
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
d
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
p
s
an
d
m
u
s
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
v
o
ltag
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
b
y
i
n
jectin
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
[
5
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
es
ar
e
n
o
w
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
to
b
eh
av
e
as
clo
s
ely
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t LV
R
T c
a
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f D
F
I
G
d
r
iven
w
in
d
co
n
ve
r
s
io
n
s
ystem
(
A
b
d
esla
m
Ja
b
a
l L
a
a
fo
u
)
225
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
r
em
ai
n
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
d
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
,
t
h
e
DFI
G
m
u
s
t
co
m
p
ly
with
g
r
i
d
co
d
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Var
io
u
s
p
r
o
tectiv
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
ese
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
ad
l
y
class
if
ied
in
to
two
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
ies
[
2
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
in
v
o
lv
es
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es
(
s
o
f
twar
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
teg
o
r
y
in
v
o
lv
es
h
ar
d
war
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
ad
d
in
g
a
u
x
iliar
y
eq
u
ip
m
en
t)
.
A
m
o
n
g
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
n
o
tab
le
ex
a
m
p
les
in
clu
d
e
m
o
d
if
ied
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
[
8
]
,
tr
an
s
ien
t
cu
r
r
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
with
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
ac
tio
n
s
[
9
]
,
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
els
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ca
n
lim
it
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
m
in
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
a
r
e
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
s
ev
er
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
,
wh
er
e
th
ey
ca
n
n
o
t
lim
it
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
ts
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
h
ar
d
war
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
a
r
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ee
t
g
r
id
c
o
d
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
an
d
lim
it
o
v
er
cu
r
r
e
n
t’
s
d
u
r
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
DFI
G
f
r
o
m
o
v
e
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t’
s
,
th
e
"c
r
o
wb
ar
"
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
w
id
ely
u
s
ed
in
win
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
tectio
n
d
ev
ice
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
cr
o
wb
ar
c
ir
cu
it
co
m
b
i
n
ed
with
a
DC
-
ch
o
p
p
e
r
cir
cu
it
t
o
lim
it
h
i
g
h
c
u
r
r
en
ts
an
d
v
o
ltag
es.
B
u
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
h
o
l
lo
w
te
n
s
i
o
n
t
h
e
c
r
o
w
b
a
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
its
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
r
o
t
o
r
s
i
d
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
(
R
SC
)
t
o
m
ai
n
ta
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
esc
r
i
p
t
l
im
its
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt
,
t
h
e
DFI
G
b
e
h
a
v
es
li
k
e
a
n
asy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
c
a
g
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
to
r
.
T
h
is
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
e
et
g
r
id
c
o
d
es
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
as
it
a
b
s
o
r
b
s
t
h
e
r
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
id
'
s
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
ip
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
we
f
ir
s
t
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
DFI
G's
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
.
T
h
e
n
we
wi
ll
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
two
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
p
r
o
tectin
g
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
(
W
T
)
ag
ain
s
t
o
v
er
cu
r
r
en
t’
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
r
o
wb
ar
p
r
o
tectio
n
cir
c
u
it
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
eth
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
SDB
R
in
s
er
ies
wi
th
th
e
s
tat
o
r
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t te
ch
n
iq
u
e
an
d
f
in
ally
,
we
will m
ak
e
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
ese
two
m
eth
o
d
s
.
2.
T
H
E
O
P
E
R
AT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
DF
I
G
UND
E
R
A
SY
M
M
E
T
RIC VO
L
T
AG
E
DIP
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
E
N
5
0
1
6
0
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
s
u
d
d
en
d
r
o
p
in
v
o
ltag
e,
b
etwe
en
1
0
%
an
d
9
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
alu
e,
at
a
p
o
i
n
t
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
f
o
r
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
b
etwe
en
1
0
m
s
an
d
1
m
in
[
1
1
]
.
I
t
is
s
aid
t
o
b
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
wh
e
n
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
is
co
n
s
tan
t
o
n
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
.
T
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
[
1
2
]
is
d
u
e
to
a
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
b
etwe
en
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
r
a
h
i
g
h
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
em
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tar
tu
p
o
f
a
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
m
o
to
r
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
DFI
G,
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
ag
o
f
d
e
p
th
d
o
cc
u
r
s
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
id
at
in
s
tan
t t
0
.
T
h
e
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ewr
ite
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
o
r
ce
d
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
=
{
,
<
0
(
1
−
)
,
≥
0
(
1
)
=
{
,
<
0
(
1
−
)
,
≥
0
(
2
)
A
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
ex
am
p
le
with
a
d
ep
th
o
f
d
=
5
0
% is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Vo
ltag
e
d
ip
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
:
(
a)
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
with
a
d
ep
th
o
f
5
0
% a
n
d
(
b
)
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
2
.
1
.
DF
I
G
ro
t
o
r
o
pera
t
ing
i
n o
pen c
ircuit
Fo
r
an
o
p
en
-
cir
c
u
it r
o
to
r
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial e
q
u
atio
n
r
e
p
r
esen
t
in
g
th
e
f
lu
x
'
s
ev
o
lu
tio
n
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
3
)
.
(
)
+
(
)
=
(
)
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
224
-
2
3
4
226
On
ce
th
is
d
if
f
er
en
tial e
q
u
atio
n
is
s
o
lv
ed
,
(
4
)
b
ec
o
m
es th
e
n
e
w
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
[
1
7
]
.
(
≥
0
)
=
(
1
−
)
⏟
+
−
⏟
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
=
: is th
e
s
tato
r
win
d
in
g
s
co
n
s
tan
t tim
e.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ec
ed
i
n
g
f
lu
x
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
ter
m
s
:
-
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t te
r
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
f
o
r
ce
d
f
lu
x
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
ag
,
im
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
.
-
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
n
atu
r
al
f
lu
x
in
th
e
DFI
G
wh
ich
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
in
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
s
tate
o
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
,
th
e
d
ep
th
d
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
)
.
T
h
is
f
lu
x
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
ex
p
o
n
en
tially
with
a
tim
e
-
co
n
s
tan
t
1
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
n
o
d
is
co
n
tin
u
ity
a
p
p
ea
r
s
in
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
s
tate
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
au
lt.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
two
f
lu
x
ter
m
s
:
th
e
f
o
r
ce
d
f
l
u
x
an
d
th
e
n
atu
r
al
f
l
u
x
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
th
e
f
o
r
ce
d
f
l
u
x
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tin
u
es
to
r
o
tate
at
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
n
a
tu
r
al
f
lu
x
v
ec
to
r
d
o
es n
o
t r
o
tate
an
d
e
x
p
o
n
en
tia
lly
d
ec
ay
s
u
n
til it d
is
ap
p
ea
r
s
af
ter
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Vec
to
r
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
at
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
:
(
a)
at
th
e
s
tar
t o
f
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
a
n
d
(
b
)
d
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
E
ac
h
ter
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
in
d
u
ce
s
its
o
wn
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
r
o
t
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
0
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
two
t
er
m
s
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
d
f
lu
x
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
atu
r
al
f
l
u
x
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
5
)
.
0
=
+
(
5
)
B
y
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
4
)
in
to
(
5
)
,
th
e
n
ew
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
0
will b
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
6
)
.
0
=
(
1
−
)
−
(
1
+
)
−
(
6
)
Neg
lectin
g
th
e
ter
m
1
,
0
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
will b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
7
)
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
0
=
(
1
−
)
⏟
−
−
⏟
(
7
)
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
wh
ich
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
r
ce
d
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
,
its
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
8
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t LV
R
T c
a
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f D
F
I
G
d
r
iven
w
in
d
co
n
ve
r
s
io
n
s
ystem
(
A
b
d
esla
m
Ja
b
a
l L
a
a
fo
u
)
227
−
=
(
1
−
)
|
|
(
8
)
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
in
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
b
y
th
e
n
atu
r
al
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
.
I
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
d
e
p
th
d
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
.
At
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
(
=
0
)
,
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
th
is
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
ca
n
r
ea
ch
its
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
d
esc
r
ib
ed
b
y
(
9
)
.
−
=
(
1
−
)
(
9
)
2
.
2
.
DF
I
G
ro
t
o
r
o
pera
t
io
n
while c
o
nn
ec
t
ed
t
o
t
he
RSC
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
r
esis
tan
c
e
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
h
av
e
l
o
w
v
alu
es,
th
e
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
th
e
R
SC
(
o
p
e
n
cir
c
u
it)
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
R
S
C
wh
en
th
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
R
SC
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
Similar
ly
,
f
o
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
ag
,
th
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
ce
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
u
e
to
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t c
u
r
r
en
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
.
=
+
(
1
0
)
Fro
m
(
1
0
)
,
in
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
th
e
d
ep
th
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
is
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
an
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e
lead
s
to
an
u
n
d
esira
b
le
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
cu
r
r
en
t
in
th
e
r
o
to
r
win
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
a
n
d
in
th
e
R
S
C
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
o
p
r
o
tect
th
e
R
SC
ag
ain
s
t
u
n
d
es
ir
ab
le
o
v
er
c
u
r
r
e
n
t’
s
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
R
SC
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
r
eliab
le
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t te
ch
n
iq
u
es to
lim
it th
is
h
ig
h
cu
r
r
en
t.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
P
r
o
t
ec
t
io
n us
ing
a
ct
iv
e
circ
uits (
cr
o
wba
r)
C
u
r
r
en
t
lim
itatio
n
cir
cu
its
(
cr
o
wb
ar
s
)
a
r
e
d
ed
icate
d
to
r
e
s
tr
ictin
g
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
c
au
s
ed
b
y
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
.
T
h
ese
cir
cu
its
c
an
tak
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
a
r
e
g
en
er
ally
p
lace
d
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
a
n
d
th
e
R
SC
,
as
in
d
icate
d
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
t
o
li
m
it
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
in
th
e
latter
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
u
s
e
f
ast
-
s
witch
in
g
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
witch
es
s
u
ch
as
in
s
u
lated
-
g
ate
b
ip
o
lar
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
I
GB
T
)
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
to
tr
ig
g
er
af
ter
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
in
th
e
g
r
id
,
d
is
s
ip
atin
g
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
p
o
w
er
in
th
e
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
cr
o
w
b
ar
cir
c
u
its
is
th
at,
u
p
o
n
cr
o
wb
ar
ac
ti
v
atio
n
,
th
e
R
SC
d
ea
c
tiv
ate
s
,
r
en
d
er
in
g
th
e
DFI
G
u
n
co
n
tr
o
llab
le.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
DFI
G
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
s
im
ilar
ly
to
a
s
q
u
ir
r
el
ca
g
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
a
ch
in
e
(
SC
I
M
)
b
u
t
with
a
h
ig
h
er
r
o
t
o
r
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
DFI
G
ab
s
o
r
b
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
in
s
u
ch
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
t
o
m
ain
tain
its
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
s
tate
at
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lev
el.
T
h
is
r
esu
lts
in
f
u
r
th
er
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
tim
e
[
3
].
A
v
o
ltag
e
lim
itin
g
cir
cu
it
at
th
e
DC
b
u
s
lev
el
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
I
GB
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
an
d
a
d
is
s
ip
ativ
e
r
esis
to
r
m
o
u
n
ted
in
p
ar
allel
with
th
e
DC
b
u
s
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
elp
s
to
m
ain
tain
t
h
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
with
in
a
n
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
an
g
e
ar
o
u
n
d
its
n
o
m
i
n
al
v
alu
e.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
d
io
d
es
an
d
t
h
e
I
GB
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
id
ea
l;
th
u
s
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
r
esis
to
r
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
1
1
)
[
2
2
].
=
(
11
)
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
witch
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
d
ev
elo
p
s
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
:
=
0
if
is
o
p
en
=
1
if
is
clo
s
ed
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectiv
e
cir
cu
it'
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
in
g
a
cr
o
wb
ar
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
W
h
en
an
y
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
s
u
r
p
ass
th
e
s
af
ety
cu
r
r
en
t
−
,
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
cir
c
u
it
is
ac
tiv
ated
;
o
th
er
wis
e,
it
r
em
ain
s
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l sig
n
al
f
o
r
th
e
I
GB
T
s
witch
es is
b
ased
o
n
h
y
s
ter
e
s
is
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
s
wi
tch
m
o
d
if
ies
th
e
DFI
G
m
o
d
el
b
y
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
th
e
cr
o
w
b
ar
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
r
esis
to
r
in
s
er
ies
with
th
e
r
o
to
r
win
d
in
g
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
ain
tain
a
s
tead
y
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e,
th
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
GSC
)
s
tay
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
wh
ile
th
e
R
SC
is
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
u
n
p
lu
g
g
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
DFI
G.
T
h
e
u
p
d
ated
DF
I
G
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
u
r
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
we
ca
n
s
ay
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
r
esis
tan
ce
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
DFI
G.
I
f
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
th
er
e
will
b
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
v
e
r
lo
ad
s
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
a
h
ig
h
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
lead
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
an
d
ele
ctr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e,
an
d
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
es
o
f
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
cr
u
cial
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
224
-
2
3
4
228
to
ca
r
ef
u
lly
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
to
av
o
id
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
te
d
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
is
m
u
ch
lar
g
er
th
an
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Activ
e
c
u
r
r
en
t lim
ita
tio
n
(
cr
o
wb
ar
)
a
n
d
DC
b
u
s
v
o
l
tag
e
(
DC
ch
o
p
p
e
r
)
cir
cu
it
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l sch
em
e
o
f
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
cir
c
u
it
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mo
d
el
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
d
u
r
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
with
cr
o
wb
ar
3
.
2
.
P
r
o
t
ec
t
io
n
o
f
s
er
ies dy
na
m
ic
bra
k
ing
re
s
is
t
o
r
T
h
e
s
er
ies
d
y
n
am
ic
b
r
ak
in
g
r
esis
to
r
(
SD
B
R
)
d
ev
ice
is
b
ase
d
o
n
a
r
esis
to
r
in
p
ar
allel
with
an
I
GB
T
s
witch
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
with
th
e
s
tato
r
to
lim
it
th
e
in
d
u
ce
d
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
,
th
er
e
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
d
li
m
itin
g
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
[
2
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t LV
R
T c
a
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f D
F
I
G
d
r
iven
w
in
d
co
n
ve
r
s
io
n
s
ystem
(
A
b
d
esla
m
Ja
b
a
l L
a
a
fo
u
)
229
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
c
k
o
f
th
e
SDB
R
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Un
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
s
en
d
s
a
s
ig
n
al
o
f
1
to
th
e
I
G
B
T
s
witch
,
allo
win
g
it
to
b
e
clo
s
ed
,
an
d
th
e
b
r
ak
in
g
r
esis
to
r
is
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
ited
,
p
lay
in
g
n
o
r
o
le.
I
n
th
e
e
v
en
t
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
s
en
d
s
a
s
ig
n
al
o
f
0
to
th
e
I
GB
T
s
witch
,
ca
u
s
in
g
it
to
o
p
en
,
a
n
d
th
e
b
r
ak
in
g
r
esis
to
r
is
th
en
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
in
s
er
ies
with
th
e
s
tato
r
.
T
h
e
r
esis
to
r
r
em
ain
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
u
n
til
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
lt
ag
e
r
etu
r
n
s
to
its
n
o
r
m
al
v
alu
e,
at
wh
ich
p
o
in
t
th
e
I
GB
T
s
witch
r
etu
r
n
s
to
its
n
o
r
m
al
s
tate
(
clo
s
ed
)
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
].
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
t
h
e
SDB
R
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l sch
em
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
As
in
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
cir
cu
it,
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
in
th
e
SDB
R
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
ch
o
s
en
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
cr
iter
io
n
is
th
at
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
,
0
−
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t e
x
ce
ed
−
,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
al
u
e
allo
wed
b
y
th
e
R
S
C
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
:
−
≥
0
−
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
c
r
iter
io
n
is
th
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
SDB
R
r
esi
s
to
r
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
ex
ce
e
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
DFI
G
th
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at:
−
≥
+
(
1
−
)
(
1
3
)
=
.
(
1
4
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
r
esis
to
r
S
D
B
R
an
d
−
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
DFI
G.
Fro
m
(
7
)
-
(
9
)
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
o
t
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
5
)
.
0
−
=
[
(
1
−
)
|
|
+
(
1
−
)
]
(
1
5
)
I
f
we
ass
u
m
e
th
at
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
=
(
1
−
)
is
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
e
ev
en
t
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
,
(
1
5
)
b
ec
o
m
es
(
1
6
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
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n
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,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
224
-
2
3
4
230
0
−
=
[
|
|
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(
1
−
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(
−
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]
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1
6
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Du
r
in
g
a
v
o
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e
d
i
p
,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
(
1
7
)
.
=
S
D
B
R
+
(
1
−
)
(
1
7
)
Neg
lectin
g
th
e
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es,
t
h
e
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
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o
f
th
e
R
S
C
s
witch
es
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d
th
e
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ip
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le
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
D
C
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
−
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as (
1
8
)
.
−
≈
√
3
(
1
8
)
Fro
m
(
1
2
)
,
(
1
4
)
,
(
1
5
)
,
(
1
7
)
,
an
d
(
1
8
)
,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
r
esis
tan
ce
S
D
B
R
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
(
1
9
)
.
S
D
B
R
−
≥
1
(
1
−
−
|
|
)
[
(
1
−
)
|
|
+
(
1
−
)
−
√
3
]
(
1
9
)
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
way
,
an
d
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
cr
iter
io
n
in
(
1
3
)
,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
S
D
B
R
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
,
u
s
in
g
(
2
0
)
.
S
D
B
R
−
≤
−
−
(
1
−
)
(
2
0
)
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
6
0
%
d
ep
th
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
v
o
l
tag
e
d
ip
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
0
.
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
DFI
G
is
u
s
ed
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
e
r
s
tu
d
y
an
d
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
n
tr
o
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
8
)
.
As
lo
n
g
as
th
e
f
au
lt
d
u
r
at
io
n
is
m
u
ch
less
th
an
th
e
ch
an
g
es
in
wi
n
d
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
win
d
p
r
o
f
ile
is
f
ix
e
d
at
1
0
m
/s
an
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
co
n
s
tan
t.
I
n
t
h
is
p
h
ase
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
,
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
two
m
eth
o
d
s
;
cr
o
wb
a
r
a
n
d
SDB
R
will
b
e
th
e
o
b
ject
o
f
th
is
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
to
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
th
at
th
e
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
r
in
g
s
o
n
t
h
e
g
en
e
r
al
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
d
u
r
in
g
a
f
au
lt
o
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
win
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ch
ai
n
in
th
e
ev
en
t
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
p
is
s
im
u
lated
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t w
ith
=
0
.
37
Ω
,
S
D
B
R
=
0
.
2
8
Ω
,
an
d
=
0
.
37
Ω
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Stato
r
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
6
0
% v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
p
r
o
f
ile
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
As
a
r
esu
l
t
o
f
th
e
in
e
r
tial
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
ex
c
ess
p
o
wer
,
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
u
d
d
en
ly
wh
en
a
f
au
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
cr
o
w
b
ar
,
th
e
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
a
lo
wer
s
p
ee
d
d
ev
iatio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
g
r
id
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
a
u
lt
wh
ile
th
e
p
o
wer
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
th
e
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
tay
s
co
n
s
tan
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
.
T
h
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
1
1
5
0
V
to
1
1
7
5
V
f
o
r
th
e
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
er
ea
s
f
o
r
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
it
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
1
1
5
0
V
to
1
2
7
5
V,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
SDB
R
h
as
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
o
t
c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
with
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
.
T
h
an
k
s
to
th
e
DC
-
ch
o
p
p
e
r
,
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
s
t
n
ev
e
r
ex
ce
e
d
1
.
1
∗
.
W
h
en
th
e
f
a
u
lt
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
s
,
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
q
u
ick
ly
r
et
u
r
n
s
to
its
n
o
m
in
al
v
al
u
e,
u
n
lik
e
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
cir
cu
it.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t LV
R
T c
a
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f D
F
I
G
d
r
iven
w
in
d
co
n
ve
r
s
io
n
s
ystem
(
A
b
d
esla
m
Ja
b
a
l L
a
a
fo
u
)
231
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
p
r
o
f
ile
:
(
a)
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
(
b
)
cr
o
wb
ar
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
: (
a
)
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
(
b
)
cr
o
wb
ar
Fig
u
r
es
1
1
an
d
1
2
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
ts
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
p
er
io
d
,
th
ese
cu
r
r
en
ts
d
o
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
th
e
p
er
m
itted
lim
its
an
d
th
e
p
ea
k
s
in
th
e
s
tato
r
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
ar
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
s
er
tio
n
an
d
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
in
eith
er
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
c
ir
cu
it
o
r
th
e
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
cir
cu
latin
g
in
th
e
f
ilter
I
f
(
m
ain
s
s
id
e)
.
On
e
ca
n
s
e
e
th
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
au
lt,
t
h
ese
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
wh
e
n
th
e
f
au
lt
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
s
,
th
ese
cu
r
r
en
ts
r
etu
r
n
to
th
eir
in
itial
v
alu
es
m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
l
y
f
o
r
th
e
SDB
R
,
u
n
lik
e
th
e
cr
o
wb
ar
cir
c
u
it.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ac
tiv
e
s
t
ato
r
p
o
wer
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
.
Af
ter
th
e
m
ain
s
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
,
th
e
s
tato
r
p
o
wer
b
ec
o
m
es v
er
y
l
o
w.
T
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tato
r
to
th
e
m
ain
s
r
esu
m
e
s
o
n
ce
th
e
f
au
lt h
as
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
ed
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
wer
r
etu
r
n
s
to
its
in
itial v
alu
e
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Stato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ip
s
: (
a)
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
(
b
)
cr
o
wb
ar
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
224
-
2
3
4
232
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
R
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
d
u
r
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ip
s
: (
a)
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
(
b
)
cr
o
wb
ar
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Fil
ter
cu
r
r
en
t
if
(
a)
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
(
b
)
c
r
o
w
b
ar
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
Stato
r
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
:
(
a)
SDB
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
(
b
)
cr
o
wb
ar
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
en
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RE
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1
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9
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.
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