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p
ab
ilit
y
d
u
e
to
m
o
d
u
le
r
o
tatio
n
li
m
itatio
n
s
,
r
esu
l
tin
g
i
n
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
s
[
1
7
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
Sev
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
o
w
er
in
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
y
ad
d
in
g
s
u
n
-
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
ai
m
s
to
o
b
tain
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
t
th
e
P
V
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
s
u
n
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
So
lar
p
an
els
al
s
o
r
eq
u
ir
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
s
u
n
's
p
o
s
itio
n
to
al
w
a
y
s
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
s
u
n
p
o
s
it
io
n
,
t
h
u
s
m
ax
i
m
izin
g
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
[
2
7
]
–
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
to
tr
a
ck
t
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
r
o
tatio
n
ax
is
an
d
v
er
tical
r
o
tatio
n
ax
i
s
.
T
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
x
is
i
s
u
s
ed
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
elev
a
ti
o
n
an
g
le,
w
h
ile
th
e
v
er
tical
a
x
is
is
u
s
ed
to
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
s
u
n
'
s
a
zi
m
u
th
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
c
h
ai
m
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
ca
n
tr
ac
k
s
u
n
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
all
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
th
u
s
g
e
n
er
atin
g
m
ax
i
m
u
m
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
w
i
th
a
f
lex
ib
l
e
ax
is
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
ca
n
m
o
v
e
i
n
all
d
ir
e
ctio
n
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
b
ein
g
li
m
ited
b
y
ax
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
le
x
ib
le
ax
i
s
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
P
V
s
u
r
f
ac
e
al
w
a
y
s
f
ac
e
s
th
e
s
u
n
,
th
er
eb
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
g
en
er
ated
p
o
w
er
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
w
t
h
i
n
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
m
ar
k
et
h
a
s
s
p
ar
k
ed
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
t
er
est
i
n
th
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
u
n
ti
n
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
i
s
th
e
p
s
eu
d
o
-
az
i
m
u
t
h
al
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
ies
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ax
e
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
tab
ilit
y
[
1
4
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
s
y
s
te
m
s
till
f
ac
e
s
ch
alle
n
g
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lim
itat
io
n
s
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
r
o
tatio
n
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
.
L
i
m
ited
r
o
tatio
n
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
alo
n
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
a
x
es
ca
n
h
in
d
er
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
r
o
tatin
g
in
al
l
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
(
ea
s
t,
w
est,
n
o
r
th
,
an
d
s
o
u
th
)
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
r
em
ai
n
p
er
p
en
d
icu
lar
to
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
a
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
d
esig
n
e
m
b
r
ac
es
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
u
n
r
es
tr
icted
f
lex
ib
il
it
y
alo
n
g
s
p
ec
if
i
c
ax
es.
T
h
is
ai
m
s
to
cr
ea
te
f
r
e
ed
o
m
o
f
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
r
o
tatio
n
,
th
er
eb
y
en
a
b
lin
g
m
o
r
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
s
u
n
li
g
h
t.
T
h
e
f
r
ee
d
o
m
to
r
o
tate
in
all
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
is
a
p
r
i
m
ar
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
e,
all
o
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
ef
f
icie
n
t
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
to
ch
an
g
e
s
in
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
p
o
s
itio
n
.
Se
v
er
al
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
m
ater
ials
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
P
V
p
an
els,
s
t
u
r
d
y
f
r
a
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
ef
f
icie
n
t
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
s
h
af
t
s
as
th
e
m
a
in
d
r
iv
in
g
ele
m
en
ts
,
w
h
ee
l
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
th
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
S
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
,
b
all
-
j
o
in
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
s
h
a
f
t
to
en
ab
le
f
r
ee
r
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
li
m
i
ted
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
s
tab
ili
t
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
ic
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
f
lex
ib
le
ax
i
s
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
els,
a
DC
m
o
to
r
w
it
h
a
g
ea
r
b
o
x
,
h
o
llo
w
ir
o
n
,
g
alv
a
lu
m
e,
n
y
lo
n
r
o
p
es,
b
all
j
o
in
ts
,
an
d
b
ea
r
in
g
r
o
d
s
.
A
D
C
m
o
to
r
w
i
th
a
g
e
ar
b
o
x
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
f
o
u
r
n
y
lo
n
r
o
p
es,
an
d
th
e
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
p
an
e
l
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
s
talled
b
ea
r
in
g
r
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
th
e
n
y
lo
n
r
o
p
es
d
if
f
er
s
o
n
ea
ch
d
iag
o
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al,
cr
ea
ti
n
g
ten
s
io
n
th
at
d
r
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t
h
e
b
all
j
o
in
ts
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m
o
v
e
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
e
l
w
it
h
o
u
t
ax
is
li
m
itatio
n
s
.
Dat
a
co
llectio
n
w
a
s
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
f
o
r
1
2
h
o
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r
s
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m
0
7
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0
to
1
7
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0
W
I
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at
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Vo
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tio
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Facu
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Un
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in
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(
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it
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lt; an
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p
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b
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t
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ca
lcu
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th
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Fi
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a)
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3.
RE
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6
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m
p
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rsit
y
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st
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a
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f
ro
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h
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p
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sh
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tate
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rsit
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ll
m
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n
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w
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se
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e
rg
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y
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m
s
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se
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rc
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n
ter
(ES
RC),
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h
e
Un
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y
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f
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t
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ro
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u
a
ry
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9
.
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s
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
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rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
d
y
n
a
m
ics
,
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
sta
b
il
it
y
,
A
C
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
a
n
d
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
.
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is
a
n
IEE
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S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
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:
li
w
a
n
g
@
m
a
il
.
n
c
k
u
.
e
d
u
.
t
w
.
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im
i
Az
m
ita
is
a
stu
d
e
n
t
m
o
ti
v
a
ted
to
stu
d
y
in
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
A
irl
a
n
g
g
a
Un
iv
e
r
sity
.
T
h
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
m
y
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
,
sh
e
g
a
in
e
d
v
a
lu
a
b
le
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
b
y
jo
in
i
n
g
v
a
rio
u
s
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
w
o
rk
in
g
o
n
d
if
fe
re
n
t
p
ro
jec
ts
w
it
h
m
y
lec
tu
re
r,
a
c
h
iev
in
g
su
c
c
e
ss
in
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
s.
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r
e
x
p
e
rti
se
i
n
c
lu
d
e
s
th
e
in
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
a
lcu
latio
n
o
f
so
l
a
r
c
e
ll
s,
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
M
icro
so
f
t
Of
f
i
c
e
,
a
n
d
c
re
a
ti
n
g
u
n
m
a
n
n
e
d
a
e
rial
v
e
h
icle
s
a
n
d
b
u
si
n
e
ss
e
s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
i
m
i
a
z
m
it
a
2
5
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
H
a
m
z
a
h
Ar
o
f
is
a
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
e
le
c
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
W
a
l
e
s
in
1
9
9
7
.
He
is
i
n
tere
ste
d
i
n
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
p
h
o
t
o
n
ics
,
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
e
tri
c
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
h
a
m
z
a
h
@u
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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