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202
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81
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6
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Th
e
rise
o
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th
e
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
s
b
ro
u
g
h
t
n
e
w
s
e
c
u
rit
y
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
n
e
c
e
ss
it
a
ti
n
g
ro
b
u
st
in
tr
u
sio
n
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
(I
DS)
.
T
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
a
p
p
li
e
s
s
w
a
r
m
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(S
I)
p
ri
n
c
ip
les
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sp
e
c
if
ica
ll
y
t
h
e
p
ig
e
o
n
in
sp
ired
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p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
(
P
IO)
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
,
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
IDS
e
f
fe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
in
Io
T
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts.
Dra
w
in
g
o
n
th
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
so
c
ial
sp
e
c
ies
,
SI
f
o
ste
rs
d
e
c
e
n
tralize
d
c
o
n
t
ro
l
a
n
d
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
t
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
f
ro
m
si
m
p
le
ru
l
e
s.
T
h
e
se
p
rin
c
i
p
les
g
u
id
e
t
h
e
P
IO
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
a
p
t
f
o
r
o
p
t
im
izin
g
IDS.
W
e
u
ti
li
z
e
tw
o
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
Io
T
d
a
tas
e
ts
–
t
h
e
Ca
n
a
d
ian
In
s
ti
tu
te
f
o
r
C
y
b
e
rse
c
u
rit
y
(
CIC
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Io
T
d
a
tas
e
t
2
0
2
3
a
n
d
t
h
e
I
o
T
d
a
tas
e
t
f
o
r
IDS,
a
im
in
g
t
o
b
o
o
st
t
h
e
IDS
’
s
c
a
p
a
b
il
i
ty
to
d
e
tec
t
il
li
c
it
a
t
tac
k
s.
By
a
d
a
p
ti
n
g
th
e
P
IO
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
o
u
r
IDS
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rn
s
f
ro
m
t
h
e
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
a
d
a
p
ts
to
e
v
o
lv
in
g
th
re
a
ts,
a
n
d
m
it
ig
a
tes
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lse
-
p
o
siti
v
e
ra
tes
.
P
re
li
m
in
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ry
tes
ts
sh
o
w
th
a
t
o
u
r
SI
-
b
a
se
d
IDS
o
u
t
p
e
rf
o
rm
s
trad
it
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n
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l
sy
ste
m
s
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a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
,
sp
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
tab
il
it
y
.
T
h
i
s
re
se
a
rc
h
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
SI
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
Io
T
se
c
u
rit
y
,
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
n
g
to
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
m
o
re
r
e
sili
e
n
t
IDS
a
n
d
u
lt
im
a
tely
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
Io
T
n
e
tw
o
rk
se
c
u
rit
y
a
g
a
in
st
a
ra
n
g
e
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
th
re
a
ts
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
I
n
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
Net
w
o
r
k
s
ec
u
r
it
y
P
ig
eo
n
in
s
p
ir
ed
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
S
w
ar
m
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
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SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
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A
uth
o
r
:
A
p
r
i Si
s
w
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to
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
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I
n
f
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m
atic
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g
in
ee
r
i
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g
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Facu
lt
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f
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g
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ee
r
in
g
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U
n
i
v
er
s
ita
s
I
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la
m
R
ia
u
P
ek
an
b
ar
u
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
ap
r
is
i
s
w
an
to
@
e
n
g
.
u
ir
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
r
ap
id
l
y
ex
p
a
n
d
ed
,
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
a
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
h
o
m
e
a
u
to
m
at
io
n
,
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
an
d
m
o
r
e.
T
h
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ex
p
an
s
i
v
e
n
et
w
o
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k
o
f
co
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n
ec
te
d
d
ev
ices
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
as
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
f
o
r
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
a
u
to
m
atio
n
,
an
d
n
e
w
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ac
ce
ler
ated
g
r
o
w
t
h
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
v
e
g
iv
e
n
r
is
e
to
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
ec
u
r
it
y
t
h
r
ea
ts
,
m
a
k
in
g
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
lu
cr
ati
v
e
tar
g
et
f
o
r
cy
b
er
-
attac
k
s
[1
]
,
[
2]
.
I
n
th
e
r
ap
id
ly
ev
o
lv
in
g
I
o
T
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
s
ec
u
r
in
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
d
ev
ices
f
r
o
m
m
alicio
u
s
in
tr
u
s
io
n
s
i
s
p
ar
a
m
o
u
n
t
[3
]
-
[
5]
.
W
h
ile
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
to
an
ex
te
n
t,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
te
n
n
ee
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
i
n
ad
d
r
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
W
it
h
t
h
i
s
ch
al
len
g
e
i
n
m
i
n
d
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
tu
r
n
ed
to
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
s
w
ar
m
in
te
lli
g
en
ce
(
SI)
,
a
p
ar
ad
ig
m
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
s
o
cial
s
p
ec
ies
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
SI
m
i
m
ics
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
o
f
s
o
c
ial
s
p
ec
ies
li
k
e
b
ir
d
s
an
d
a
n
ts
,
w
h
er
e
co
m
p
le
x
g
r
o
u
p
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
e
m
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
p
le
lo
ca
l
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
[
8
]
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
an
in
h
er
e
n
tl
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
l
v
in
g
,
h
i
g
h
l
y
s
u
i
ted
to
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
w
o
r
ld
o
f
I
o
T
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
es
o
f
SI
is
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l.
Sin
ce
I
o
T
in
v
o
lv
e
s
m
a
n
y
d
e
v
ices
i
n
ter
ac
ti
n
g
w
it
h
in
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
r
in
g
s
s
e
v
er
al
b
en
ef
it
s
to
t
h
e
tab
le.
I
t
h
ei
g
h
ten
s
r
esil
i
en
ce
a
g
ai
n
s
t
attac
k
s
a
n
d
cir
cu
m
v
en
t
s
s
in
g
le
p
o
in
ts
o
f
f
a
ilu
r
e
[
9
]
.
I
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
r
o
m
n
at
u
r
e,
th
e
p
ig
eo
n
in
s
p
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o
p
tim
izat
io
n
(
P
I
O
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
ch
o
s
e
n
.
P
ig
eo
n
s
ex
h
ib
it
ex
tr
ao
r
d
in
ar
y
n
a
v
i
g
atio
n
s
k
ill
s
in
th
e
n
at
u
r
al
w
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ld
,
ca
p
ab
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o
f
f
in
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t
h
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w
a
y
h
o
m
e
a
cr
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s
s
v
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d
is
ta
n
ce
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
2
5
:
8
1
-
8
9
82
w
it
h
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
ac
cu
r
ac
y
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
PIO
alg
o
r
ith
m
e
m
u
lates
t
h
e
s
e
n
at
u
r
al
o
r
ien
tat
i
o
n
an
d
n
a
v
i
g
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n
m
ec
h
a
n
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s
m
s
to
f
i
n
d
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
i
n
a
p
r
o
b
lem
s
p
ac
e
[
1
1
]
.
A
p
r
i
m
e
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
I
DS)
is
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
s
ec
u
r
it
y
th
r
ea
ts
in
th
e
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
1
2
]
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
ap
tiv
e.
T
h
e
P
I
O,
w
it
h
it
s
r
o
o
ts
in
t
h
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
o
f
p
i
g
eo
n
s
,
ca
n
lear
n
a
n
d
ad
j
u
s
t
to
n
e
w
th
r
ea
ts
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
t
h
a
n
m
a
n
y
tr
ad
itio
n
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
3
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
an
y
I
DS
’
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
f
alse
p
o
s
iti
v
es
[
1
4
]
.
A
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
li
k
e
P
I
O,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
o
p
tim
ized
w
ith
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
d
ata,
m
i
g
h
t
d
eliv
er
s
u
p
er
io
r
r
esu
lt
s
in
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
in
g
b
et
w
e
en
leg
iti
m
ate
an
d
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
tr
af
f
ic.
Fo
r
th
at
m
at
ter
,
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
ar
e
o
f
th
e
ess
en
ce
.
W
h
ile
S
I
m
i
g
h
t
s
o
u
n
d
co
m
p
le
x
o
n
p
ap
er
,
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
li
k
e
P
I
O
ar
e
o
f
ten
cr
af
ted
w
it
h
a
n
e
y
e
o
n
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
s
w
i
f
t
n
e
s
s
—
b
o
th
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
i
n
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
t
io
n
[
1
5
]
.
B
y
w
ea
v
i
n
g
to
g
et
h
er
t
h
es
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
t
h
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
it
h
m
b
ased
o
n
SI
e
m
er
g
es
a
s
a
r
e
aso
n
ab
le
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
b
o
ls
ter
in
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
I
DS
in
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
I
DS
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
in
d
i
s
p
en
s
ab
le
to
o
ls
f
o
r
s
af
e
g
u
ar
d
in
g
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
etec
t
illi
cit
ac
ti
v
itie
s
w
it
h
i
n
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
s
u
c
h
as
atte
m
p
ts
t
o
co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
te
g
r
it
y
,
co
n
f
id
en
tia
lit
y
,
o
r
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
p
r
esen
t
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
I
DS.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
p
r
ess
in
g
n
ee
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
ad
v
an
ce
d
I
DS
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
e
f
f
e
ctiv
el
y
id
en
t
if
y
i
n
g
an
d
m
iti
g
a
tin
g
ille
g
iti
m
ate
at
tack
s
in
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
I
n
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
is
n
ee
d
,
t
h
e
p
r
in
c
ip
les
o
f
SI
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
SI
,
a
b
r
an
c
h
o
f
ar
t
if
icial
i
n
telli
g
en
ce
,
is
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
s
o
cial
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
o
f
ce
r
tain
s
p
ec
ies
a
n
d
th
e
ir
ab
ilit
y
to
s
o
l
v
e
co
m
p
le
x
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
co
llecti
v
el
y
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
a
n
i
f
estat
io
n
o
f
SI
,
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
I
DS i
n
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
PIO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
i
m
u
late
s
th
e
h
o
m
i
n
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
n
a
v
i
g
atio
n
al
s
k
i
lls
o
f
p
i
g
e
o
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
a
k
es
it
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
w
ell
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
I
DS,
lead
in
g
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
class
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
tr
a
f
f
ic
an
d
h
ei
g
h
t
en
ed
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ille
g
iti
m
ate
ac
tiv
itie
s
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
w
e
h
ar
n
ess
t
w
o
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
I
o
T
d
atasets
-
th
e
C
a
n
ad
ian
I
n
s
tit
u
te
f
o
r
C
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
(
C
I
C
)
I
o
T
Data
s
et
2
0
2
3
an
d
th
e
I
o
T
Data
s
et
f
o
r
I
DS
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
v
alid
ate
o
u
r
SI
-
b
ased
I
DS
.
B
y
e
x
a
m
in
in
g
a
w
id
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
tr
af
f
i
c
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
a
n
d
attac
k
t
y
p
e
s
,
th
e
s
e
d
atasets
e
n
ab
le
u
s
to
as
s
es
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
i
n
a
r
ea
lis
tic
co
n
te
x
t.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
I
DS
SI
s
h
o
w
s
b
etter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
th
a
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
ca
n
h
elp
r
ed
u
ce
f
al
s
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
an
d
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
ev
o
l
v
i
n
g
I
o
T
th
r
ea
t
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
S
I
ar
e
s
till
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
,
im
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
SI
,
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
u
n
f
a
m
iliar
w
it
h
it,
ca
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
ad
d
itio
n
al
la
y
er
s
o
f
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
to
th
e
I
DS.
T
h
en
,
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
b
ased
o
n
S
I
m
a
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
W
h
ile
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
,
SI
in
I
o
T
s
ec
u
r
it
y
is
s
till
i
n
it
s
n
asce
n
t
s
tag
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
R
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
test
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
f
u
l
l
y
v
alid
ate
it
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
.
A
s
w
i
th
a
n
y
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lea
r
n
in
g
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
th
er
e
’
s
a
r
i
s
k
o
f
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ata
s
et,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
less
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
ag
ain
s
t
u
n
s
ee
n
th
r
ea
ts
.
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
n
s
tan
tl
y
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
an
d
u
p
d
ated
to
en
s
u
r
e
it
’
s
le
ar
n
in
g
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
.
O
u
r
g
o
a
l
i
s
t
o
s
ig
n
if
i
c
an
tly
en
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
I
DS
t
o
d
e
te
ct
i
l
le
g
i
t
im
at
e
at
t
a
ck
s
in
I
o
T
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
b
y
l
ev
e
r
ag
in
g
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
PI
O
a
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
an
d
th
e
p
r
in
c
i
p
l
es
o
f
SI
.
Pr
e
l
im
in
a
r
y
t
e
s
t
s
s
u
g
g
es
t
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
r
esu
l
ts
,
a
s
o
u
r
SI
-
b
a
s
e
d
I
DS
o
u
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
t
r
a
d
i
ti
o
n
a
l
s
y
s
t
em
s
in
a
c
cu
r
a
cy
,
s
p
e
e
d
,
an
d
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
li
ty
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
a
ls
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
s
t
o
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
an
d
in
g
an
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
o
f
S
I
in
I
o
T
s
e
cu
r
i
ty
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
o
lu
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
en
h
an
c
in
g
t
h
e
d
et
e
c
t
i
o
n
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
ti
es
o
f
I
DS
in
I
o
T
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
o
l
d
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
p
o
t
en
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
s
af
e
r
,
m
o
r
e
s
e
cu
r
e
I
o
T
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
c
a
p
a
b
le
o
f
m
it
ig
at
in
g
a
b
r
o
a
d
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
cy
b
e
r
th
r
e
at
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
u
tili
ze
s
t
h
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
P
I
O
in
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
r
o
u
r
m
a
ch
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el,
w
i
th
an
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
f
u
n
c
tio
n
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
v
o
l
v
es
d
ef
in
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
h
ic
h
,
in
t
h
is
co
n
te
x
t,
i
s
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
v
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ataset
t
h
at
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
o
u
r
I
DS
f
o
r
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
tak
i
n
g
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
av
i
g
atio
n
al
p
r
o
w
es
s
o
f
p
ig
eo
n
s
,
s
er
v
e
s
as
o
u
r
m
ai
n
to
o
l f
o
r
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
.
P
I
O
o
p
tim
ize
s
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
u
n
c
tio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
ch
o
s
e
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
E
ac
h
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
d
o
v
e
in
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
A
s
t
h
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
iter
ate
s
,
ev
er
y
d
o
v
e
m
o
d
i
f
ies
it
s
p
o
s
itio
n
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[
1
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.
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[
2
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2
.
1
.
Rela
t
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wo
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T
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f
f
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id
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s
s
ed
in
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h
e
liter
at
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r
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[
2
1
]
,
[
22]
.
Featu
r
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elec
tio
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,
w
h
ic
h
r
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s
to
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[
2
3
]
.
Mu
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[
1
4
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.
A
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lectio
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p
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f
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[
1
9
]
.
Si
m
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“
Feat
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[
2
4
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.
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o
r
m
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ce
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th
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DS
in
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I
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T
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m
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.
2
.
2
.
I
ntr
us
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s
t
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s
I
D
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ci
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l
f
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r
n
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t
w
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r
k
s
e
cu
r
i
ty
[
2
5
]
,
w
ith
s
ig
n
if
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t
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b
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Z
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.
[
2
6
]
.
Z
h
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t
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[
2
7
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im
p
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r
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n
h
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n
c
in
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d
d
e
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e
ct
i
o
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s
p
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d
.
H
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
8
]
d
e
v
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l
o
p
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a
C
NN
-
b
a
s
e
d
I
D
S
m
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d
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f
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ls
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p
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s
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tiv
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l
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-
s
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tw
o
r
k
s
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
et
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
u
s
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d
m
a
ch
in
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l
e
a
r
n
in
g
t
o
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o
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t
DD
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c
cu
r
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.
R
aw
at
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a
l
.
[
3
0
]
d
em
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r
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d
t
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l
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D
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e
.
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DS
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
t
wo
ty
p
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s
:
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et
w
o
r
k
in
tr
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s
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d
ete
ctio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
NI
D
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d
h
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s
t
in
tr
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d
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tio
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s
y
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te
m
s
(
HI
DS)
.
NI
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to
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s
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w
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k
tr
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s
,
as
o
u
t
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ed
b
y
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ar
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u
s
s
o
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r
ce
s
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
I
o
T
c
o
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tex
t,
I
DS
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e
in
cr
ea
s
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m
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2
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3
.
F
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t
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s
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F
e
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l
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ly
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t
h
er
an
d
th
eir
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
I
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
is
o
f
te
n
d
r
a
w
n
f
r
o
m
n
at
u
r
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
E
x
a
m
p
les
o
f
SI
in
n
at
u
r
e
in
clu
d
e
an
t
co
lo
n
ies,
b
ir
d
f
lo
ck
i
n
g
,
an
i
m
a
l
h
er
d
in
g
,
an
d
m
o
r
e.
SI
i
s
w
id
el
y
ap
p
lied
in
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
3
6
]
.
P
I
O
is
an
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
n
a
v
ig
a
tio
n
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
p
ig
eo
n
s
.
I
n
n
atu
r
e,
p
ig
eo
n
s
h
av
e
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
n
a
v
i
g
atio
n
ab
ilit
ies to
f
i
n
d
th
eir
w
a
y
b
ac
k
t
o
th
eir
n
est
s
f
r
o
m
d
i
s
tan
t lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
ti
o
n
in
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
,
th
e
P
I
O
w
o
r
k
s
to
s
ee
k
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
o
r
m
ati
v
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
a
d
ataset.
E
ac
h
“
p
i
g
eo
n
”
i
n
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
f
ea
t
u
r
e
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
est
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
E
ac
h
p
ig
eo
n
ad
j
u
s
ts
it
s
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
v
elo
cit
y
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
u
le
s
at
ea
c
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
ter
atio
n
,
ai
m
i
n
g
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
c
h
o
s
e
n
.
P
I
O
is
u
s
ed
in
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
el
ec
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
is
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o
r
ith
m
ca
n
f
i
n
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
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i
n
a
v
a
s
t
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e,
as
o
f
ten
f
ac
ed
i
n
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
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K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
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o
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tern
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men
t
s
(
A
p
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i S
is
w
a
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to
)
85
T
h
e
P
I
O
is
ef
f
ec
ti
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at
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
f
o
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d
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co
v
er
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m
o
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in
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o
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iv
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el.
Fu
r
t
h
er
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o
r
e,
t
h
e
P
I
O
also
h
as
h
i
g
h
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
ad
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tab
ilit
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allo
w
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to
ad
ap
t
to
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ata
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n
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en
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ir
o
n
m
e
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h
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g
es.
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h
er
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o
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O
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a
g
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ch
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ice
f
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ea
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elec
tio
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s
s
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r
m
ac
h
i
n
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
[
3
7
]
.
2
.
6
.
M
o
difi
ed
pig
eo
n ins
pired o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
f
o
r
f
ea
t
ure
s
e
lect
io
n w
it
h si
g
m
o
id
W
h
en
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
I
DS
d
atas
ets,
ar
tif
ic
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
A
NN
s
)
ar
e
an
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
ea
n
s
f
o
r
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
d
etec
ti
n
g
a
n
o
m
a
lo
u
s
p
atter
n
s
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
tex
t,
t
h
e
P
I
O
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
cr
u
cial
i
n
id
e
n
ti
f
y
in
g
o
p
tim
a
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
AN
N,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
Fea
tu
r
e
s
e
lect
io
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
s
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
h
o
n
e
in
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
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t r
elev
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n
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w
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th
e
A
N
N
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
it
s
co
m
p
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tat
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p
o
w
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o
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th
e
s
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
attr
ib
u
te
s
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
d
ata
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
alit
y
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
Sig
m
o
id
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
as
a
n
ac
ti
v
atio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
A
NN
s
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
is
f
u
n
c
tio
n
m
ap
s
an
y
i
n
p
u
t
v
al
u
e
i
n
to
a
r
an
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
Si
g
m
o
id
f
u
n
c
tio
n
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
S
-
s
h
ap
ed
cu
r
v
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
b
i
n
ar
y
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
o
r
b
in
ar
y
class
i
f
icati
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
Sig
m
o
id
f
u
n
ctio
n
h
elp
s
m
an
a
g
e
th
e
‘
e
x
p
lo
d
in
g
g
r
ad
ien
t
’
is
s
u
e
an
d
f
ac
ilit
a
tes
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
th
e
A
NN.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
Si
g
m
o
id
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
‘
v
an
is
h
in
g
g
r
a
d
ien
t
’
p
r
o
b
le
m
d
u
r
in
g
b
ac
k
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
it
’
s
a
v
iab
le
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
es
o
f
A
N
Ns an
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
d
ataset
s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
E
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
q
u
an
titati
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
,
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
h
ar
n
es
s
in
g
SI
f
o
r
I
DS
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
I
ts
k
e
y
m
er
it
s
in
c
lu
d
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
q
u
an
tif
icat
io
n
,
d
ataset
ap
p
r
aisal,
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
d
ed
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
h
as b
ee
n
ch
o
s
e
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
as it is
m
o
s
t a
p
t
f
o
r
ev
alu
a
tin
g
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
co
m
p
r
is
es
th
r
ee
e
s
s
e
n
tial
s
ta
g
es:
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
ata
is
r
ea
d
ied
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
;
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
v
ia
t
h
e
P
I
O
tech
n
iq
u
e,
w
h
ic
h
ex
e
m
p
lif
ies
SI
p
r
in
cip
les;
a
n
d
ev
alu
atio
n
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
DS
i
s
as
s
e
s
s
ed
.
E
ac
h
p
h
ase
’
s
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
c
e
an
d
i
n
tr
icate
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
w
i
ll
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
elab
o
r
ated
u
p
o
n
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
t
h
co
m
i
n
g
s
eg
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
w
s
f
o
r
an
e
x
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
ten
c
y
o
f
SI
i
n
en
h
a
n
c
in
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
I
DS
w
it
h
i
n
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
3
.
1
.
P
re
-
p
ro
ce
s
s
ing
p
ha
s
e
I
n
t
h
e
r
ea
l
m
o
f
SI
f
o
r
I
DS
w
i
t
h
in
t
h
e
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
is
a
cr
u
cial
s
tep
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
ata
is
s
tr
ea
m
li
n
ed
an
d
f
ilter
ed
to
eli
m
in
ate
ir
r
elev
a
n
t
o
r
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
e
le
m
e
n
ts
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
d
u
p
licate
p
ac
k
ets,
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
b
en
ig
n
tr
a
f
f
ic,
an
d
d
ata
t
h
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
i
n
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
cr
u
cial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
it
h
in
t
h
is
p
h
a
s
e
is
t
h
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
s
tep
.
I
t
in
v
o
lv
e
s
th
e
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
an
y
u
n
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
d
ata,
lea
v
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
w
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
u
t
i
lized
b
y
th
e
P
I
O
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
in
cl
u
d
e
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
al
l
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
es
in
t
o
a
ca
n
o
n
ical
f
o
r
m
,
alig
n
i
n
g
ti
m
esta
m
p
s
to
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
t
i
m
e
zo
n
e,
an
d
o
th
er
s
i
m
i
lar
n
o
r
m
aliza
t
io
n
ac
ti
v
itie
s
th
at
m
ak
e
th
e
d
ata
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
is
,
w
e
u
n
d
er
tak
e
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
A
ll
r
ele
v
a
n
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
t
h
at
ca
n
f
ee
d
in
to
th
e
SI
-
b
ased
d
etec
tio
n
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ata.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
in
v
o
lv
e
s
tatis
tical
f
ea
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3
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P
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(
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[
4
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ased
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n
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2
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Sig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.