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o
n
o
p
o
l
e
a
n
t
en
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
d
e
r
l
i
n
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
a
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
s
h
a
p
e
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
e
n
g
t
h
s
i
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
[
3
]
.
O
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
,
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
i
n
[
2
]
a
n
d
[
3
]
c
o
v
e
r
o
n
l
y
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
b
a
n
d
o
f
2
.
4
G
H
z
W
L
A
N
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
H
o
s
s
a
i
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
]
,
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
s
q
u
a
r
e
l
o
o
p
m
o
n
o
p
o
l
e
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
p
a
t
c
h
i
s
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
a
b
a
n
d
p
a
s
s
f
i
l
t
e
r
(
B
PF
)
f
o
r
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
b
a
n
d
5
G
H
z
W
L
A
N.
A
s
in
g
le
f
ee
d
4
G/5
G
th
r
ee
-
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
6
]
,
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
(
2
.
4
/5
.
5
GHz
)
f
r
an
k
lin
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
to
g
eth
er
w
ith
s
tu
b
in
a
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
5
G
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
(
2
8
GHz
)
an
d
m
o
d
if
ied
co
m
p
ac
t
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
r
eso
n
an
t
ce
ll
(
C
MRC
)
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
(
L
P
F)
b
etw
ee
n
an
ten
n
a
p
ar
ts
w
h
ich
is
co
m
p
lex
ity
in
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
Kh
an
et
a
l.
[
9
]
,
a
d
ef
ec
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
DGS)
s
lo
tted
d
o
u
b
le
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
W
L
A
N
an
d
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s;
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
s
m
all,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
k
in
d
o
f
ad
d
ed
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Sek
o
an
d
C
o
r
r
er
a
[
8
]
,
a
co
m
p
ac
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
w
ith
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
m
u
lti
-
m
o
d
e
r
ad
iato
r
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
W
L
A
N
ap
p
licatio
n
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
is
q
u
ite
lo
w
.
L
i
k
e
w
i
s
e
,
G
h
o
u
s
e
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
m
o
d
e
t
h
e
o
r
y
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
w
o
v
a
r
i
a
n
t
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
m
o
d
e
s
.
A
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
r
ia
l
-
f
r
a
cta
l
-
d
e
f
e
c
t
e
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
[
1
1
]
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
r
i
al
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
f
o
r
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
2
.
4
/
5
G
H
z
W
L
A
N
[
2
0
]
.
C
h
an
g
an
d
L
iu
[
1
3
]
p
r
esen
t
a
lo
w
-
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
m
in
iatu
r
ized
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
(
DB
P
A
)
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
a
tr
i
-
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
an
in
n
e
r
lo
o
p
,
a
p
ar
asit
ic
s
tr
ip
,
an
d
th
r
ee
-
s
id
ed
v
er
tical
g
r
o
u
n
d
to
g
eth
er
w
ith
tu
n
n
in
g
s
tu
b
s
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
4
]
,
w
h
i
c
h
is
f
air
ly
co
m
p
licated
in
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
1
5
]
s
u
g
g
ests
th
e
ar
r
ay
2
×2
d
u
al
b
an
d
2
8
/3
8
GHz
m
u
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
an
ten
n
a
b
y
ad
d
in
g
s
lo
ts
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
m
u
lti
-
m
o
d
e
r
ad
iato
r
s
is
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
u
lti
-
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
it
co
m
es
u
p
w
ith
m
u
lti
-
ex
citatio
n
,
m
u
tu
al
co
u
p
lin
g
,
is
o
latio
n
,
an
d
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
m
u
lti
-
p
o
r
ts
,
co
m
p
lex
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
4
×4
MI
MO
o
p
er
atin
g
co
v
er
ed
tw
o
d
is
tin
ct
-
6
d
B
b
an
d
w
id
th
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
alf
-
m
o
d
e
p
atch
an
d
p
ar
asit
ic
h
alf
-
m
o
d
e
p
atch
ex
cit
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
elec
tr
ic
co
u
p
lin
g
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
a
i
m
s
t
o
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
a
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
2
.
4
/
5
G
H
z
W
L
A
N
,
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
f
e
d
,
u
n
c
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
d
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
y
,
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
,
t
w
o
-
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
b
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
i
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
t
o
c
o
v
e
r
2
.
4
–
2
.
4
8
5
G
H
z
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
5
.
1
50
–
5
.
8
5
0
G
H
z
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
is
w
o
r
k
ar
e
as:
−
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
o
p
er
ate
co
v
er
ed
th
e
tw
o
-
tr
an
s
itio
n
b
an
d
o
v
er
W
L
A
N
ap
p
licatio
n
s
;
−
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ad
iates a
n
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
atter
n
w
ith
a
g
o
o
d
g
ain
o
v
er
th
e
2
.
4
/5
GHz
W
L
A
N
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
;
−
B
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
h
alf
-
w
a
v
elen
g
t
h
in
v
er
ted
U
-
s
lo
ts
(
HW
I
USs
)
,
a
w
id
eb
an
d
an
ten
n
a
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
a
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a
w
ith
o
u
t
d
ig
r
ess
in
g
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
;
−
O
n
ly
a
s
in
g
le
f
ee
d
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
is
as:
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
1
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
e
an
ten
n
a
m
o
d
el,
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
DB
P
A
,
an
d
th
e
in
itial
f
o
r
m
u
las
ar
e
r
ev
ea
led
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
,
n
u
m
er
ical
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
Fin
all
y
,
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
2.
P
RO
CE
DUR
E
SP
E
CIFI
CA
L
L
Y
D
E
S
I
G
NE
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n la
y
o
ut
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
d
e
p
i
c
t
s
t
h
e
l
a
y
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
D
B
PA
.
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
y
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
r
e
c
t
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
p
a
t
c
h
o
f
w
id
th
w
r
a
n
d
l
e
n
g
t
h
l
r
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
a
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
s
h
a
p
e
l
o
a
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
p
a
i
r
o
f
H
W
I
U
S
s
o
f
l
e
n
g
t
h
s
l
u1
,
l
u2
,
l
u3
a
n
d
s
m
all
w
i
d
t
h
o
f
0
.
5
m
m
-
s
l
o
t
p
r
i
n
t
e
d
o
n
t
o
p
l
a
y
e
r
c
o
p
p
e
r
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
;
w
h
e
r
e
h
r
i
s
d
e
n
o
t
e
d
t
h
e
h
e
i
g
h
t
o
f
r
e
c
t
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
s
h
a
p
e
d
a
b
o
v
e
t
h
e
b
o
t
t
o
m
o
f
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
p
a
t
c
h
.
A
t
t
h
e
b
a
c
k
s
i
d
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
l
a
n
e
o
f
l
e
n
g
t
h
l
g
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
w
g
,
w
h
e
r
e
w
g
e
q
u
a
l
s
w
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
2
.
4
/
5
G
H
z
W
L
A
N
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
s
m
o
d
e
l
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
F
R
4
s
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
h
(
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
)
o
f
1
.
6
m
m
,
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
i
t
t
i
v
i
ty
o
f
4
.
3
,
a
n
d
l
o
s
s
t
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1
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Feb
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20
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26
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T
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27
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29
Fu
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le
2
.
W
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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31
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p
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a
c
.
th
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.