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T
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f
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
f
it,
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
atis
f
ied
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
its
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
lim
ited
to
lar
g
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
its
f
u
ll
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
b
y
s
m
all
an
d
m
ed
iu
m
e
n
ter
p
r
is
es
(
SME
s
)
is
s
till
s
ca
r
ce
[
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
SME
s
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ex
ten
d
ed
th
e
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
(
T
AM
)
,
wh
ic
h
in
clu
d
e
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
a
r
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
e
f
its
with
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
est
in
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
SME
s
,
wh
ich
is
s
till
r
elativ
ely
u
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
L
I
T
E
RA
T
UR
E
2
.
1
.
B
ig
da
t
a
a
na
ly
t
ics a
nd
s
m
a
ll a
nd
m
edium
ent
er
pris
es
in t
he
P
hil
i
pp
ine
s
T
h
e
o
v
er
wh
elm
i
n
g
an
d
e
x
p
o
n
en
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
n
ec
ess
itates
th
at
en
ter
p
r
is
es
r
elin
q
u
is
h
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
al
y
tical
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
f
av
o
r
o
f
a
s
h
if
t
in
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
B
DA
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
atten
tio
n
s
in
ce
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
.
I
t
is
wid
ely
u
tili
ze
d
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
,
r
etail,
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
,
to
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
g
en
er
ate
p
r
o
f
its
[
9
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
ely
l
o
w
in
SME
s
d
esp
ite
th
e
co
m
p
etitiv
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
it o
f
f
er
s
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
,
B
DA
ass
is
ts
SME
s
in
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
life
cy
c
le
as
well
as
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
1
0
]
.
As
an
ev
o
l
v
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
it
m
ay
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
p
er
a
tio
n
al
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
SME
s
.
E
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
SME
s
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
9
9
%
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
ed
en
ter
p
r
is
es
an
d
g
en
er
ate
6
2
.
4
%
o
f
to
tal
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t,
th
er
e
is
s
till
a
s
ca
r
cit
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
SME
s
an
d
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
th
at
SME
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
,
as
well
a
s
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
en
ef
its
o
f
SME
s
ad
o
p
tin
g
B
DA,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
ex
am
in
in
g
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
te
n
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Hen
ce
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
elab
o
r
atio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
on
th
e
co
m
p
ellin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
ten
t
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
SME
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
.
2
.
2
.
H
y
po
t
hes
is
d
ev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
T
AM
as
th
e
g
u
id
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
wh
ich
is
a
r
en
o
wn
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
d
escr
ib
es
an
d
p
r
ed
icts
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
in
ten
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
teg
r
ated
a
d
d
itio
n
al
v
ar
iab
les in
to
th
e
m
o
d
el,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
o
n
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
am
o
n
g
SME
s
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
Sy
s
tem
q
u
ality
(
SQU)
en
tails
a
well
-
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
y
s
tem
th
at
is
cr
itical
to
m
ax
im
izin
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
b
en
ef
its
,
lead
in
g
to
h
ig
h
er
r
e
v
en
u
e,
en
h
a
n
ce
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
is
ev
alu
ated
b
ased
on
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
it
d
eliv
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
f
ea
tu
r
es,
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
f
lex
ib
il
ity
,
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
a
d
o
p
tin
g
a
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
,
en
ter
p
r
is
es
m
u
s
t
en
s
u
r
e
its
ef
f
icien
cy
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
v
al
u
e
cr
e
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
[
1
4
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
h
ig
h
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
es u
s
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es o
f
B
DA
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at:
H1
:
S
ystem
q
u
a
lity
p
o
s
itively
i
n
flu
en
ce
s
th
e
p
erceive
d
b
en
efits
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
TEL
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
2
3
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
2
5
:
1
92
-
200
194
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
I
QU
)
is
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
c
o
n
te
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
u
ita
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
b
y
a
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
5
]
.
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
te
n
d
t
o
a
d
o
p
t
n
e
w
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
w
h
e
n
a
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
t
ai
l
o
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
m
a
x
i
m
i
z
e
i
ts
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
.
T
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
d
et
e
r
m
in
e
d
b
y
i
t
s
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
,
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
li
t
y
,
c
o
m
p
le
t
e
n
es
s
,
a
n
d
t
i
m
el
i
n
e
s
s
.
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
r
es
e
a
r
ch
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
h
i
g
h
B
D
A
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
q
u
a
li
t
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
to
e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
i
n
t
e
r
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
s
t
r
at
e
g
i
c
d
e
c
is
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
[
1
6
]
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
u
lt
,
h
i
g
h
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
es
t
o
B
DA
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
;
h
e
n
c
e
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
a
s
s
e
r
t
s
t
h
at
:
H2
:
I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
q
u
a
lity p
o
s
itively
in
flu
en
ce
s
th
e
p
erceive
d
b
en
efits
o
f th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
i
n
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
.
Pre
d
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
ac
cu
r
ac
y
(
PAA)
is
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
s
tatis
tical
an
d
m
o
d
elin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
p
o
ten
tial
o
u
tco
m
e
s
,
ac
tiv
ity
,
an
d
tr
en
d
s
u
s
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
d
ata
an
aly
tics
u
s
es
d
ata
s
cien
ce
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
r
o
m
v
ast
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
d
atasets
to
co
m
b
in
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
d
ata
with
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
I
t
en
co
m
p
ass
es
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
,
m
o
d
elin
g
,
a
n
d
d
ata
m
in
in
g
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
ac
cu
r
ac
y
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
to
tr
an
s
late
v
ast
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
th
at
allo
w
th
em
to
m
ak
e
p
r
o
a
ctiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
wh
en
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
th
eir
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
cu
s
to
m
er
ex
p
ec
t
atio
n
s
,
wh
ich
m
a
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
y
p
o
th
esizes th
at:
H3
:
P
r
ed
ictive
a
n
a
lytics
a
cc
u
r
a
cy
p
o
s
itively
in
flu
en
ce
s
th
e
p
erceive
d
b
en
efits
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
.
Per
ce
iv
ed
b
en
e
f
its
(
PB
E
)
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as a
n
em
in
en
t p
r
ed
ic
to
r
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
r
em
is
e
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
th
e
o
r
y
(
DOI
)
ass
er
ts
th
at
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
ate
is
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
an
i
n
n
o
v
a
tio
n
[
1
9
]
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
o
f
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
s
u
ch
as
B
DA,
r
aise
s
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
B
DA
b
en
ef
its
en
co
m
p
ass
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
b
etter
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
en
h
an
ce
d
d
a
ta
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
[
2
0
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
is
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
ad
o
p
t
B
DA
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
ex
ec
u
tin
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
task
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at:
H4
:
P
erceive
d
b
en
efits
a
n
d
th
e
p
erceive
d
u
s
efu
ln
ess
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
H5
:
P
erceive
d
b
e
n
efits
and
th
e
p
erceive
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
te
n
tio
n
o
f
S
M
E
s
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
Per
ce
iv
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
th
e
b
eli
ef
th
at
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
t
r
an
s
m
its
,
s
to
r
es,
an
d
p
r
o
tects
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
ata
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
s
ee
n
as
a
cr
u
cial
d
r
iv
er
o
f
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
wh
en
weig
h
in
g
t
h
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
a
d
o
p
tin
g
a
s
y
s
tem
[
2
1
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
clu
d
es
au
th
en
ticatio
n
,
p
e
r
m
is
s
io
n
,
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
to
g
u
a
r
an
te
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
h
am
p
e
r
ed
b
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ir
ac
y
,
d
ata
h
ac
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
d
ig
ital
th
ef
t
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
em
p
h
asized
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
L
ik
ewise,
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
d
is
co
v
er
e
d
th
at
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
B
D
A
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
lead
in
g
to
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
2
2
]
;
h
en
c
e:
H6
:
P
erceive
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
th
e
p
erceive
d
b
e
n
efits
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
te
n
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
H7
:
P
erceive
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
erceive
d
e
a
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
M
E
s
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
H8
:
P
erceive
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
th
e
a
ttit
u
d
e
to
w
a
r
d
s
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
i
n
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
Per
ce
iv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
PEU)
is
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
ef
f
o
r
tles
s
to
em
b
r
ac
e
a
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Similar
ly
,
it
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
as
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
an
d
en
g
ag
e
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
task
[
2
3
]
.
E
n
te
r
p
r
is
es
m
ay
p
r
o
f
it
f
r
o
m
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
s
ts
,
m
an
ag
i
n
g
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
m
ak
in
g
b
ette
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
Prio
r
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
d
icate
d
a
clea
r
a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
an
d
th
eir
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
4
]
; h
en
ce
:
H9
:
P
erceive
d
e
a
s
e
o
f u
s
e
a
n
d
th
e
p
erceive
d
u
s
efu
ln
ess
o
f
t
h
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
te
n
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
r
ed
ictin
g
b
ig
d
a
ta
a
n
a
lytics a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
a
mo
n
g
s
ma
ll a
n
d
med
iu
m
…
(
V
icto
r
Ja
m
es C
.
E
s
co
la
n
o
)
195
H1
0
:
P
erceive
d
e
a
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
a
n
d
th
e
a
ttit
u
d
e
to
w
a
r
d
s
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
Per
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
(
PU)
is
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
to
d
r
iv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
I
t
i
s
b
eliev
ed
th
at
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
n
ew
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
m
ay
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
5
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
u
s
ef
u
ln
es
s
is
cr
u
cial
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
u
p
tak
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
.
B
DA
ca
n
b
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
ized
as th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
p
eo
p
le
p
er
ce
i
v
e
th
at
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
a
d
r
iv
in
g
f
o
r
ce
b
eh
in
d
in
tellig
en
t
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
T
AM
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t d
r
iv
er
o
f
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
; h
en
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
as
s
er
ts
th
at:
H1
1
:
P
erceive
d
u
s
efu
ln
ess
and
th
e
a
ttit
u
d
e
to
w
a
r
d
s
u
s
e
o
f th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
Attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
(
AT
T
)
is
th
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
v
alu
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
ad
o
p
tin
g
B
DA
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
th
at
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
h
av
e
a
n
ess
en
tial
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
to
a
d
o
p
t
[
2
7
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
e
n
ter
p
r
is
es
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
atti
tu
d
e
to
war
d
s
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
te
n
tio
n
(
ADI
)
in
th
eir
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
h
o
lis
tic
an
d
b
en
ef
icial
im
p
ac
t
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
y
p
o
th
esizes th
at:
H1
2
:
A
ttit
u
d
e
to
w
a
r
d
s
u
s
e
a
n
d
th
e
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
S
MEs
h
a
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t rela
tio
n
s
h
ip
.
3.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
3
.
1
.
Su
rv
ey
de
v
el
o
pm
ent
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
b
ased
o
n
estab
lis
h
ed
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
am
o
n
g
SME
s
[
28
]
,
[
29
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
th
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
as
well
as
item
s
r
elate
d
to
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
ten
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
o
r
d
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
with
th
e
B
DA
v
ar
iab
les
was
g
au
g
ed
u
s
in
g
a
7
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
.
I
t
was
f
ir
s
t
ad
m
in
i
s
ter
ed
to
a
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
SME
s
to
ass
ess
th
eir
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
an
d
co
llect
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
Af
ter
th
is
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
er
ts
to
g
ath
er
th
eir
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
in
clu
d
es 2
7
item
s
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
.
3
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
d
with
th
e
lead
e
r
s
o
f
SME
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
th
e
Natio
n
al
C
ap
ital
R
eg
io
n
(
NC
R
)
to
id
en
tify
SME
s
en
g
ag
ed
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
b
u
s
in
ess
ac
tiv
ities
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
s
ec
to
r
s
in
th
e
r
e
g
io
n
.
E
ac
h
city
was r
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
SME
s
th
at
o
f
f
er
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
er
v
ices,
r
etail
an
d
m
a
r
k
etin
g
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
h
ea
lth
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
welln
ess
,
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atio
n
an
d
f
o
o
d
s
er
v
ice
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e,
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
i
n
v
ited
at
least
1
0
0
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
SME
ty
p
e
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
f
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
9
0
0
am
o
n
g
f
i
v
e
cities
in
th
e
NC
R
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
ly
4
3
8
p
eo
p
le
s
h
o
we
d
th
eir
in
ten
tio
n
to
p
a
r
ticip
ate,
with
1
8
3
(
4
2
%)
m
ale
an
d
2
5
5
(
5
8
%)
f
em
a
le
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
’
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
le
v
els
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
(
n
=1
0
1
,
2
3
%)
,
b
ac
h
el
o
r
’
s
(
n
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2
8
,
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5
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an
d
m
aster
’
s
o
r
Ph
.
D
.
(
n
=9
,
2
%)
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
o
wn
er
s
,
co
-
o
w
n
er
s
,
an
d
m
an
ag
er
s
o
f
SME
s
with
at
least
o
n
e
y
ea
r
an
d
u
p
to
twen
ty
y
ea
r
s
o
f
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
g
a
t
hering
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
o
s
ted
th
e
in
v
itatio
n
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
lin
k
to
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
to
g
eth
er
with
t
h
eir
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
,
was
s
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
em
ail
.
E
ac
h
p
ar
tici
p
an
t
co
m
p
leted
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
1
0
–
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5
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in
u
tes,
p
r
o
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id
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g
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eir
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r
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ile
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n
d
co
m
p
l
ete
an
s
wer
s
o
n
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
Fo
r
d
ata
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aly
s
is
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th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
S
m
ar
tPLS
4
.
0
s
o
f
twar
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to
a
n
al
y
ze
th
e
ex
ten
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ed
m
o
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el,
th
e
r
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s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
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d
t
h
e
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
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o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
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SCU
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.
1
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M
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eliab
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s
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in
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ab
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1
.
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r
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s
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(
C
A)
an
d
c
o
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p
o
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r
eliab
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(
C
R
)
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
in
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
in
d
icate
th
at
all
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n
s
tr
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f
all
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0
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9
5
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3
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p
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ig
h
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ter
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d
r
eliab
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y
.
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r
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e
f
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Acc
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th
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p
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m
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d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ex
p
lain
ed
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
en
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
[
3
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
2
v
alu
e,
4
5
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
B
D
A
(
r
2
=0
.
4
4
5
)
is
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
v
ar
ian
ce
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
attitu
d
e
to
w
ar
d
s
u
s
e
(
r
2
=0
.
5
7
4
)
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
(
r
2
=0
.
5
2
5
)
,
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
(
r
2
=0
.
4
9
8
)
,
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
r
2
=0
.
5
2
9
)
ar
e
also
ex
p
lain
ed
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
al
s
o
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
f
2
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
a
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
n
an
o
th
e
r
o
n
e
[
3
5
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
all
h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
(f
2
=0
.
8
0
3
)
h
as th
e
m
o
s
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ab
le
ef
f
ec
t size
f
2
o
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Path
co
e
f
f
icien
t a
n
d
h
y
p
o
th
esis
test
in
g
H
y
p
o
t
h
e
s
i
s
P
a
t
h
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(
β)
t
-
v
a
l
u
e
p
-
v
a
l
ue
f
2
R
e
s
u
l
t
H1
S
Q
U
→
P
B
E
0
.
1
3
4
2
.
2
2
6
0
.
0
2
6
0
.
0
2
3
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H2
I
Q
U
→
P
B
E
0
.
2
0
8
2
.
7
5
7
0
.
0
0
6
0
.
0
3
8
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H3
P
A
A
→
P
B
E
0
.
2
6
9
4
.
2
7
6
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
7
2
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H4
P
B
E
→
PU
0
.
4
8
0
8
.
2
5
4
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
2
5
4
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H5
P
B
E
→
P
EU
0
.
4
4
8
8
.
5
0
3
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
2
6
6
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H6
PSE
→
P
B
E
0
.
2
6
0
4
.
4
8
9
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
7
4
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H7
PSE
→
P
EU
0
.
3
6
1
6
.
7
2
5
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
1
7
2
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H8
PSE
→
A
TT
0
.
2
1
7
3
.
3
3
6
0
.
0
0
1
0
.
0
5
8
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H9
P
EU
→
PU
0
.
2
8
8
4
.
6
5
2
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
9
1
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H
1
0
P
EU
→
A
TT
0
.
1
6
1
2
.
5
5
5
0
.
0
1
1
0
.
0
3
1
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H
1
1
PU
→
A
TT
0
.
4
8
5
7
.
2
1
3
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
3
0
6
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H
1
2
A
TT
→
ADI
0
.
6
6
7
15
.
301
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
8
0
3
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
N
o
t
e
:
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
t
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
<0
.
05
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
r
ed
ictin
g
b
ig
d
a
ta
a
n
a
lytics a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
a
mo
n
g
s
ma
ll a
n
d
med
iu
m
…
(
V
icto
r
Ja
m
es C
.
E
s
co
la
n
o
)
197
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
(
Q
2
)
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
at
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
b
e
n
ef
its
h
av
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
a
b
le
Q
2
v
alu
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
e
n
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
o
th
er
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
(
Q
2
=0
.
3
2
0
)
,
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
(
Q
2
=0
.
4
4
2
)
,
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
(Q
2
=0
.
4
7
5
)
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
Q
2
=0
.
4
4
8
)
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
(
Q
2
=0
.
5
0
5
)
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
en
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
o
n
B
DA
a
d
o
p
tio
n
i
n
ten
tio
n
am
o
n
g
SME
s
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
4
.
3
.
Str
uct
ura
l
m
o
del
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ass
ess
ed
th
e
c
o
m
p
ellin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
am
o
n
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
SME
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ex
ten
d
ed
T
AM
.
T
a
b
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
p
ath
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
,
a
n
d
h
y
p
o
th
es
is
test
r
esu
lts
.
First
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
(
β=0
.
1
3
4
,
p
=
0
.
0
2
6
)
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
(
β=0
.
2
0
8
,
p
=0
.
0
0
6
)
,
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
ac
cu
r
ac
y
(
β=0
.
2
6
9
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
it
s
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
in
SME
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
B
DA
[
3
7
]
,
wh
ic
h
s
h
o
w
th
at
a
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
s
y
s
tem
,
r
ich
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
co
n
te
n
t,
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
s
y
s
tem
p
r
ed
ictio
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
B
DA;
th
u
s
,
H1
,
H2
,
an
d
H3
a
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
Seco
n
d
,
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
b
en
ef
its
(
β=0
.
4
8
0
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
)
an
d
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
B
D
A
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
L
ik
ewise,
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
b
e
n
ef
its
(
β=0
.
4
4
8
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
an
d
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
also
h
ad
a
d
ir
ec
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
s
im
ilar
to
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
[
3
8
]
,
wh
ich
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
o
f
B
DA
ar
e
es
s
en
tia
l
f
o
r
SME
s
,
s
u
ch
as
in
tellig
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
en
h
an
ce
d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
u
s
ab
ilit
y
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
H4
an
d
H5
a
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
T
h
ir
d
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
(
β=
0
.
2
6
0
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
)
an
d
th
e
p
er
c
eiv
ed
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
B
DA
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Th
e
r
esu
lt
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
with
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
SM
E
s
,
wh
ich
d
is
co
v
er
ed
th
at
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
a
cr
u
cial
attr
ib
u
te
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
wh
en
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
a
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
u
ch
as
B
DA;
th
u
s
,
H6
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
L
ik
ewi
s
e,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
h
a
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
β=0
.
3
6
1
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
an
d
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
in
g
B
DA
(
β=0
.
2
1
7
,
p
=0
.
0
0
1
)
in
SME
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
[
3
9
]
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
as
lo
n
g
as
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
ec
u
r
e,
B
DA
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
H
7
an
d
H8
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
β=0
.
2
8
8
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
an
d
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
wer
e
d
ir
ec
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
o
n
an
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
w
s
an
as
s
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
wh
ile
ev
alu
at
in
g
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
y
s
tem
s
u
ch
as
B
DA
[
40
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
β=0
.
1
6
1
,
p
=0
.
0
1
1
)
a
n
d
attitu
d
e
to
w
ar
d
s
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
h
a
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
H9
an
d
H
1
0
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
.
Fin
ally
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
(
β=0
.
4
8
5
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
an
d
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
in
g
B
DA
in
S
ME
s
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
wh
en
ad
o
p
tin
g
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
(
β=0
.
6
6
7
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
)
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
in
SME
s
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
SME
s
ar
e
o
p
tim
is
tic
ab
o
u
t
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
its
o
v
er
all
im
p
ac
t
o
n
SME
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
cu
s
to
m
er
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
,
an
d
a
co
m
p
e
titi
v
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
g
r
o
wth
in
th
e
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
b
u
s
in
ess
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
[
41
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
H1
1
an
d
H1
2
a
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
4
.
4
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
th
e
p
r
ac
tic
e
o
f
B
DA
am
o
n
g
SME
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
.
First,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
b
ase
lin
e
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
in
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
SME
s
,
with
r
esu
lts
in
d
icatin
g
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
in
ter
est
am
o
n
g
SME
o
wn
er
s
,
co
-
o
wn
e
r
s
,
an
d
m
an
ag
e
r
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ay
b
e
u
ti
lized
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
cr
af
tin
g
r
ele
v
an
t
p
o
licies
to
f
u
r
th
er
th
e
u
p
tak
e
o
f
B
DA
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
th
ese
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
s
ti
ll
f
ac
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
TEL
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
2
3
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
2
5
:
1
92
-
200
198
lim
ited
h
u
m
an
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as
well
as
f
in
an
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
is
cr
u
cia
l
in
in
itiat
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
n
e
w
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
am
o
n
g
SME
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
g
iv
e
n
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
s
tab
ilit
y
,
p
o
lic
y
m
ak
er
s
m
u
s
t
p
r
io
r
itize
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
SME
s
.
Hen
ce
,
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
e
v
elo
p
m
o
d
els
an
d
p
o
licies
th
at
will
e
n
h
an
c
e
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
th
e
co
u
n
t
r
y
.
L
astl
y
,
m
an
ag
e
r
s
an
d
o
wn
e
r
s
o
f
SME
s
m
u
s
t
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
th
er
eb
y
lead
in
g
to
in
tellig
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
en
h
a
n
ce
d
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
in
SME
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
g
r
o
win
g
in
lar
g
e
en
ter
p
r
is
es
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
s
ad
o
p
tio
n
am
o
n
g
SME
s
in
m
an
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
is
s
till
in
its
ea
r
ly
s
tag
es
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
ten
tio
n
am
o
n
g
SME
s
in
th
e
Natio
n
al
C
ap
ital
R
eg
io
n
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es,
u
s
in
g
an
ex
ten
d
ed
T
AM
b
ased
o
n
a
s
u
r
v
ey
an
aly
ze
d
w
ith
PLS
-
SEM
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
a
n
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
a
n
aly
tics
ac
cu
r
ac
y
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
b
en
ef
its
o
f
B
DA,
th
u
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
am
o
n
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
SME
s
.
L
ik
ewise,
p
er
c
eiv
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
b
en
ef
its
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
an
d
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
u
s
e
o
f
B
DA
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
p
er
c
eiv
ed
b
en
e
f
its
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
p
er
ce
iv
ed
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
wh
ich
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
le
d
to
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
B
DA,
wh
ich
em
er
g
ed
as a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
in
ten
tio
n
to
ad
o
p
t BDA
am
o
n
g
SME
s
i
n
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
.
I
n
g
en
er
al
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
i
n
d
icate
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
est in
ad
o
p
tin
g
B
DA
am
o
n
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
SME
s
.
Desp
ite
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
t f
in
d
in
g
s
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
to
ex
ten
d
its
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
B
DA
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
First,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
ly
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
T
AM
with
ex
te
r
n
al
v
a
r
iab
les,
wh
ich
m
ig
h
t
b
e
b
r
o
a
d
en
ed
b
y
in
clu
d
in
g
o
th
e
r
r
elev
an
t
m
o
d
els
to
ex
p
lain
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
b
etter
o
r
ev
en
u
s
e
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
o
lely
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
SME
s
ec
to
r
s
,
leav
in
g
o
u
t
o
th
er
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ty
p
es
(
e
.
g
.
,
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e)
th
at
m
ay
h
av
e
o
f
f
er
ed
v
al
u
a
b
le
an
d
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
to
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Fin
ally
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
m
a
y
in
cl
u
d
e
in
-
d
e
p
th
in
ter
v
iews
with
SME
ex
p
er
ts
to
v
alid
ate
a
n
d
ex
p
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
A
.
H
u
sse
i
n
,
“
H
o
w
ma
n
y
o
l
d
a
n
d
n
e
w
b
i
g
d
a
t
a
v
’
s c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
,
p
r
o
c
e
s
si
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s (b
d
1
)
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
r
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
15
-
2
7
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
10
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4
2
3
6
/
j
i
s
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
1
4
0
1
9
.
[
2
]
J
.
R
a
n
j
a
n
a
n
d
C
.
F
o
r
o
p
o
n
,
“
B
i
g
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
i
n
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
pp
.
1
-
13
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
10
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
i
n
f
o
mg
t
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
2
2
3
1
.
[
3
]
S
.
B
o
s
e
,
S
.
K
.
D
e
y
,
a
n
d
S
.
B
h
a
t
t
a
c
h
a
r
j
e
e
,
“
B
i
g
d
a
t
a
,
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
i
n
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
:
A
n
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
,
”
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
b
i
g
d
a
t
a
r
e
se
a
rc
h
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
p
p
.
32
-
5
1
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
3
3
7
/
9
7
8
1
8
0
0
8
8
8
5
5
5
.
0
0
0
0
7
.
[
4
]
M
.
H
u
m
a
y
u
n
,
“
R
o
l
e
o
f
e
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
I
o
T
b
i
g
d
a
t
a
a
n
d
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
mp
u
t
i
n
g
f
o
r
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
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5
6
9
/
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j
a
c
sa
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
1
1
0
4
6
6
.
[
5
]
A
.
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u
n
g
Y
u
a
n
C
h
risti
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Taiwa
n
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
c
o
m
p
rise
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
ro
b
o
ti
c
s
a
n
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
c
o
n
tr
o
l
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
wjs0
0
1
@c
y
c
u
.
e
d
u
.
tw
.
Ale
x
a
n
d
e
r
A
.
H
e
r
n
a
n
d
e
z
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r’s
a
n
d
m
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
in
fo
rm
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ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
fro
m
th
e
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
In
st
it
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te
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f
th
e
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
e
s
in
2
0
0
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a
n
d
2
0
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1
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
,
a
n
d
a
d
o
c
t
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ra
te
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
fro
m
De
La
S
a
ll
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
M
a
n
il
a
,
P
h
il
i
p
p
in
e
s,
i
n
2
0
1
6
.
He
i
s
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
p
e
c
ial
Lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ly
c
e
u
m
o
f
th
e
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
e
s
Un
iv
e
r
sity
M
a
n
il
a
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
t
h
e
in
ters
e
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
p
p
li
e
d
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
a
n
d
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
lex
a
n
d
e
r
.
h
e
rn
a
n
d
e
z
@lp
u
.
e
d
u
.
ph
.
Da
r
r
e
l
A
.
Ca
r
d
a
ñ
a
is
a
fa
c
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
a
t
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Bo
h
o
l
Isla
n
d
S
tate
Un
i
v
e
rsity
-
Bil
a
r
Ca
m
p
u
s,
Bo
h
o
l,
P
h
il
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
.
He
fin
ish
e
d
h
is
m
a
ste
r’s
in
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
at
Lo
rm
a
Co
ll
e
g
e
s
S
a
n
Ju
a
n
Ca
m
p
u
s
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
c
o
m
p
rise
a
p
p
li
e
d
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
ro
b
o
ti
c
s
a
n
d
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
su
sta
i
n
a
b
il
i
ty
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
a
rre
l
.
c
a
rd
a
n
a
@b
isu
.
e
d
u
.
ph
.
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