T
E
L
K
O
M
NIKA
T
elec
o
mm
un
ica
t
io
n Co
m
pu
t
i
ng
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
6
6
~7
2
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
.
v
2
3
i1
.
25521
66
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//telko
mn
ika
.
u
a
d
.
a
c.
i
d
Effec
ts of at
m
o
sp
heric tu
rbule
nce
a
nd reconfig
ura
b
le int
ell
ig
ent
surfa
ces o
n near
t
errestrial o
p
tical l
ink f
o
r i
ntern
et
o
f
t
hing
s
Duo
ng
H
uu
Ai
1
,
H
o
a
ng
H
uu
Duc
2
,
K
ha
nh
T
y
L
uo
ng
3
,
Ng
o
c
Da
t
Vo
3
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
T
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
-
K
o
r
e
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s,
T
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
-
K
o
r
e
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
M
u
l
t
i
me
d
i
a
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
T
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
-
K
o
r
e
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 1
2
,
2024
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
2
4
,
2
0
2
4
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
2
6
,
2024
Ne
a
r
terre
strial
f
re
e
-
sp
a
c
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
(NT
-
F
S
O) co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
re
f
e
rs
to
th
e
u
se
o
f
li
g
h
t
t
o
tran
sm
it
d
a
ta
w
irele
ss
ly
th
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
a
tm
o
sp
h
e
re
o
v
e
r
re
lativ
e
l
y
sh
o
rt
d
istan
c
e
s,
ty
p
ica
ll
y
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
e
a
rth
’
s
a
tm
o
sp
h
e
re
.
It
is
a
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
to
trad
it
io
n
a
l
ra
d
i
o
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
(RF
)
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
f
ib
e
r
o
p
t
ics
,
p
ro
v
id
i
n
g
h
ig
h
-
sp
e
e
d
d
a
ta
tran
sm
issio
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
p
h
y
sic
a
l
c
a
b
les
.
NT
-
F
S
O
is
a
n
a
tt
ra
c
ti
v
e
so
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
,
sh
o
rt
-
d
istan
c
e
w
irele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
w
h
e
re
p
h
y
sic
a
l
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
li
k
e
f
ib
e
r
is
i
m
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l.
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
in
telli
g
e
n
t
su
rf
a
c
e
s
(RIS
)
a
re
a
c
u
tt
in
g
-
e
d
g
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
a
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
b
y
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
a
ll
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
in
g
h
o
w
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
w
a
v
e
s p
ro
p
a
g
a
te
th
ro
u
g
h
a
n
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t.
RIS
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
in
c
re
a
sin
g
l
y
re
lev
a
n
t
in
m
o
d
e
rn
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
li
k
e
5
G
a
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
,
a
im
in
g
to
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
,
c
o
v
e
ra
g
e
,
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
u
sa
g
e
o
f
w
irele
ss
n
e
tw
o
rk
s.
T
h
is
stu
d
y
in
v
e
stig
a
tes
th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
a
t
m
o
sp
h
e
ric
tu
rb
u
len
c
e
a
n
d
RIS
o
n
n
e
a
r
terr
e
strial
o
p
ti
c
a
l
li
n
k
f
o
r
i
n
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s.
S
e
v
e
ra
l
n
u
m
e
ric
a
l
o
u
tco
m
e
s
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
d
if
fe
re
n
t
li
n
k
d
istan
c
e
a
n
d
a
v
e
ra
g
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
sig
n
a
l
sig
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
ise
ra
ti
o
(S
NR)
a
re
s
h
o
w
n
t
o
q
u
a
n
ti
tativ
e
ly
il
lu
stra
te t
h
e
a
v
e
ra
g
e
sp
e
c
tral
e
ff
i
c
ien
c
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
t
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
tu
r
b
u
le
n
ce
Av
er
ag
e
c
h
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
Op
tical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
Qu
ad
r
atu
r
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
in
telli
g
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
es
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Du
o
n
g
H
u
u
A
i
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
s
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
i
t
y
o
f
Dan
a
n
g
,
Vi
etn
a
m
-
Ko
r
ea
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Dan
a
n
g
,
Viet
n
a
m
E
m
ail: d
h
a
i@
v
k
u
.
u
d
n
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Nea
r
ter
r
estrial
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
o
p
tical
(
FS
O)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
r
e
f
er
s
to
an
o
p
tical
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
tr
a
n
s
m
it
s
d
ata
u
s
i
n
g
li
g
h
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
ib
er
-
o
p
tic
ca
b
les
o
r
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies,
t
y
p
ica
ll
y
o
v
er
r
elativ
el
y
s
h
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
s
o
n
o
r
n
ea
r
th
e
ea
r
th
’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
FS
O
li
n
k
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
in
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
s
w
h
er
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ca
b
lin
g
i
s
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
o
r
im
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
[
1
]
–
[
5
]
.
R
ec
en
t
w
o
r
k
s
in
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
ad
d
r
ess
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
c
h
alle
n
g
es:
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
e
s
s
e
v
er
el
y
d
eg
r
ad
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
FS
O
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
y
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
[
6
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
in
telli
g
e
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
es
(
R
I
S)
h
a
v
e
e
m
er
g
ed
as
a
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
F
SO
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
R
I
S
i
n
v
o
lv
es
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
r
f
a
ce
s
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
w
it
h
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
ele
m
e
n
t
s
th
at
ca
n
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
m
a
n
ip
u
late
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
w
a
v
es,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
li
g
h
t
in
th
e
ca
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
E
ffects o
f a
tmo
s
p
h
eric tu
r
b
u
len
ce
a
n
d
r
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
b
le
in
tellig
en
t su
r
fa
ce
s
o
n
…
(
Du
o
n
g
Hu
u
A
i)
67
o
f
FS
O,
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
r
ec
ep
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
B
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
t
h
e
p
h
ase,
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e,
an
d
p
o
lar
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
cid
en
t
w
a
v
e,
R
I
S
ca
n
h
elp
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
ch
al
len
g
es
i
n
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
,
s
u
ch
a
s
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
,
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
tu
r
b
u
le
n
ce
,
an
d
b
lo
ck
ag
e
s
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
R
I
Ss
o
f
f
er
s
ev
er
al
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
to
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
i
g
n
al
q
u
ali
t
y
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
R
I
S
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
h
o
w
w
ir
eles
s
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
s
u
r
f
ac
es
to
co
n
tr
o
l
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
w
av
e
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
r
ad
io
an
d
o
p
tical
w
a
v
es [
2
7
]
–
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
est
s
a
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
a
v
er
ag
e
c
h
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
AC
C
)
an
a
l
y
s
is
f
o
r
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
FS
O
lin
k
s
o
v
er
g
a
m
m
a
-
g
a
m
m
a
a
n
d
lo
g
-
n
o
r
m
a
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
m
i
s
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
f
ad
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
’
s
r
est
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sec
ti
o
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
an
d
ch
an
n
el
f
ad
i
n
g
.
Sec
tio
n
3
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
c
h
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
Sec
t
io
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
r
es
u
lts
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
.
W
e
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
2.
T
H
E
SY
ST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
AN
D
CH
ANNE
L
F
ADIN
G
2
.
1
.
An o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
del
A
m
o
d
el
o
f
an
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
R
I
S
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
li
n
k
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
R
I
S
ac
ts
a
s
a
p
ass
i
v
e,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
s
u
r
f
ac
e
th
at
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
s
,
allo
w
i
n
g
it
to
m
iti
g
ate
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
FS
O
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
in
ti
n
g
er
r
o
r
s
,
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
t
u
r
b
u
len
ce
,
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
e
-
of
-
s
i
g
h
t
(
N
L
OS)
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
i
n
v
o
l
v
es
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
R
I
S
’
s
r
ef
lectio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
t
o
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
FS
O
li
n
k
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
lead
in
g
to
a
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
w
ir
ele
s
s
o
p
tical
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
I
n
an
FS
O
li
n
k
,
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
tu
r
b
u
le
n
ce
(
h
l
)
,
w
ea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
h
a
)
,
an
d
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
(
h
p
)
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
elem
e
n
t
s
o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
f
ad
i
n
g
,
th
at
is
cr
itica
l
ch
a
llen
g
es
t
h
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
d
r
e
s
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Var
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
s
u
ch
a
s
ad
ap
tiv
e
o
p
tics
,
d
iv
er
s
it
y
tech
n
iq
u
es,
a
n
d
alig
n
m
e
n
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
ese
i
m
p
air
m
en
ts
a
n
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
F
SO li
n
k
.
ℎ
=
ℎ
×
ℎ
×
ℎ
(
1
)
W
h
en
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
li
k
e
r
ain
o
r
f
o
g
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
e
d
w
it
h
s
h
ad
o
w
in
g
,
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
i
g
n
al
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
d
r
o
p
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
d
u
e
to
b
o
th
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
atten
u
atio
n
f
r
o
m
w
ea
t
h
er
an
d
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
m
o
d
el
ed
b
y
lo
g
-
n
o
r
m
al
f
ad
in
g
[
1
8
]
,
ℎ
(
ℎ
)
,
it
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
2
)
:
ℎ
(
ℎ
)
=
1
ℎ
√
2
(
−
[
(
ℎ
)
+
0
.
5
2
]
2
2
2
)
(2
)
T
h
e
s
cin
till
at
io
n
i
n
d
ex
,
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
u
s
ed
to
q
u
an
ti
f
y
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
ce
in
t
h
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
an
d
it
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
lig
h
t,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
i
n
o
p
tical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
astro
n
o
m
y
[1
8
]
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
:
=
(
1
+
2
)
+
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
66
-
72
68
1
=
0
.
49
2
2
(
1
+
0
.
18
2
+
0
.
56
2
12
/
5
)
7
/
6
(
3
)
2
=
0
.
51
2
2
(
1
+
0
.
69
2
12
/
5
)
−
5
/
6
1
+
0
.
9
2
+
0
.
62
2
2
12
/
5
(
4
)
M
o
d
er
ate
to
s
tr
o
n
g
tu
r
b
u
le
n
ce
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ch
allen
g
es
to
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
c
h
an
n
el
s
b
y
af
f
ec
tin
g
s
i
g
n
al
in
te
g
r
it
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Un
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
an
d
m
o
d
eli
n
g
t
h
ese
ef
f
ec
t
s
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
r
o
b
u
s
t c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
p
r
o
n
e
to
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
.
ℎ
(
ℎ
)
=
2
(
)
+
2
(
)
(
)
ℎ
+
2
−
1
−
(
2
√
ℎ
)
(5
)
T
h
e
p
a
r
am
eter
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
tu
r
b
u
le
n
ce
o
r
s
ca
tter
in
g
ce
ll
s
,
t
h
is
ca
n
r
ef
er
to
lo
ca
lized
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
i
n
th
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
ty
p
icall
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
o
r
s
ca
tt
er
in
g
ce
ll
s
.
T
h
ese
m
a
y
in
v
o
l
v
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a,
s
u
c
h
as
lar
g
er
w
ea
t
h
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
h
ic
h
af
f
ec
t
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
tab
ili
t
y
a
n
d
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
o
f
th
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e.
=
[
(
1
)
−
1
]
−
1
,
=
[
(
2
)
−
1
]
−
1
(
6
)
A
t
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
atten
u
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
a
cr
it
ical
f
ac
to
r
in
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
t
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
ten
s
it
y
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
w
a
v
es
a
s
t
h
e
y
p
a
s
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ea
r
th
’
s
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
,
a
n
d
it
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
7
)
:
ℎ
=
(
−
)
(
7
)
T
h
e
atten
u
at
io
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t,
o
f
te
n
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
,
q
u
an
ti
f
ie
s
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
a
w
a
v
e
(
s
u
c
h
as
li
g
h
t,
s
o
u
n
d
,
o
r
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
r
ad
iatio
n
)
a
s
it
tr
a
v
els
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
ed
iu
m
.
I
t
is
a
c
r
u
cial
p
ar
a
m
eter
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
p
h
y
s
i
cs,
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
,
it
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
8
)
:
=
3
,
91
[
km
]
(
[
nm
]
550
)
−
(
8
)
T
h
e
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
m
o
d
el
ad
d
r
ess
es
t
h
e
m
is
ali
g
n
m
en
t
b
et
wee
n
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
an
te
n
n
as
o
r
o
p
tical
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
l
y
in
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
at
r
el
y
o
n
p
r
ec
is
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
alig
n
m
e
n
t
,
s
u
c
h
as
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
f
r
ee
-
s
p
ac
e
o
p
tical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
an
d
las
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
P
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
d
u
e
t
o
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
i
n
ac
cu
r
ac
ie
s
,
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
(
li
k
e
w
i
n
d
)
,
o
r
th
er
m
al
e
f
f
ec
t
s
th
at
ca
u
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
a
n
g
e
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
o
p
tical
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
t
h
e
p
d
f
o
f
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
f
ad
in
g
m
o
d
els,
ℎ
(
ℎ
)
,
[
18
]
,
it
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
9
)
:
ℎ
(
ℎ
)
=
2
0
2
ℎ
2
−
1
,
0
≤
ℎ
≤
0
(
9
)
I
n
th
er
e,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
at
r
ad
ial
d
is
tan
ce
=
0
,
0
=
[
e
r
f
(
)
]
2
,
i
t
h
elp
s
q
u
a
n
ti
f
y
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
a
l
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
o
r
b
ea
m
w
a
n
d
er
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
s
.
=
√
/
(
√
2
)
,
is
b
ea
m
w
a
is
t a
t t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
,
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
0
)
:
=
(
√
(
)
/
2
×
(
−
2
)
)
1
/
2
(
10
)
2
.
2
.
T
he
s
ig
na
l
-
to
-
no
is
e
ra
t
i
o
o
f
s
y
s
t
em
I
n
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
h
er
e
a
R
I
S
m
o
d
u
le
ac
ts
as
a
p
er
f
ec
t
r
ef
lecto
r
o
f
an
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
,
w
it
h
n
eg
li
g
ib
le
s
ig
n
al
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
,
a
n
d
as
s
u
m
i
n
g
p
er
f
ec
t
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
c
h
a
n
n
el
p
h
a
s
es
at
b
o
th
t
h
e
R
I
S
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
n
o
d
e,
w
e
ca
n
d
er
iv
e
t
h
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
ted
s
i
g
n
al
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
n
o
d
e
[
22
]
,
it
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
1
1
)
:
=
√
(
ℎ
)
+
(
11
)
W
h
er
e
,
is
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
e
n
er
g
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
o
n
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
d
u
r
in
g
d
ig
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
ℎ
an
d
ar
e
co
m
p
lex
ch
a
n
n
el
v
ec
to
r
s
,
t
h
ese
v
ec
to
r
s
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
i
m
p
air
m
en
t
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
E
ffects o
f a
tmo
s
p
h
eric tu
r
b
u
len
ce
a
n
d
r
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
b
le
in
tellig
en
t su
r
fa
ce
s
o
n
…
(
Du
o
n
g
Hu
u
A
i)
69
s
u
c
h
as
f
ad
i
n
g
,
d
ela
y
,
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
ts
,
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
as
it
tr
av
els
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
,
it
ca
n
b
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
1
2
)
:
=
̄
|
ℎ
|
2
(
1
2
)
W
h
er
e
̄
=
0
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
elec
tr
ical
SN
R
,
i
s
a
cr
itical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
0
th
e
p
o
w
er
p
er
u
n
it o
f
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
n
o
is
e
i
n
a
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
2
.
3
.
T
he
pro
ba
bil
it
y
dens
it
y
f
un
ct
io
n o
f
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
en
s
it
y
f
u
n
cti
o
n
(
P
DF)
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
d
escr
ib
e
s
th
e
li
k
eli
h
o
o
d
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
o
r
v
alu
e
s
o
f
a
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
in
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
(
)
,
is
co
m
p
u
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
S
NR
s
,
ℎ
,
an
d
.
T
h
e
g
ain
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
ℎ
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
q
u
an
tit
y
is
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
ℎ
an
d
.
T
h
a
t
is
ev
alu
a
ted
as
[
2
3
]
:
(
)
=
∫
ℎ
(
)
(
)
1
∞
0
(
1
3
)
W
h
er
e
(
⋅
)
is
th
e
P
DF
o
f
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
s
,
th
at
is
co
m
b
i
n
ed
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
ce
,
an
d
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
SNR
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
1
4
)
:
(
)
=
4
(
0
)
4
(
(
)
(
)
)
2
×
2
,
6
4
,
2
(
(
)
2
(
0
)
2
̄
ℎ
̄
|
(
1
+
2
,
1
)
,
(
1
−
,
−
1
)
,
(
1
−
,
−
1
)
,
(
1
−
2
,
−
1
)
(
,
1
)
,
(
,
1
)
,
(
−
2
,
−
1
)
,
(
2
,
1
)
)
(
1
4
)
F
r
o
m
(
1
4
)
w
e
ca
n
ex
p
r
es
s
th
e
ex
ac
t u
n
i
f
ied
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
s
(
1
5
)
:
2
42
44
4
(
2
)
1
0
2
1
2
0
2
4
4
4
4
00
2
2
2
0
.
5
l
n
(
)
ln
(
)
e
x
p
2
4
(
)
(
)
4
l
n
(
)
(
1
2
)
2
0
.
5
l
n
(
)
2
2
2
l
h
g
b
I
l
g
h
l
h
g
l
h
g
I
I
a
X
A
f
e
c
XA
a
X
A
a
a
X
A
c
(
1
5
)
3.
T
H
E
AV
E
RA
G
E
CH
ANN
E
L
CAP
AC
I
T
Y
T
h
e
A
C
C
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
S
h
an
n
o
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
m
u
la,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
d
ata
r
ate
th
at
ca
n
b
e
t
r
an
s
m
itted
o
v
er
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
a
n
n
el
w
it
h
a
g
iv
en
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
SNR
.
T
h
e
ex
ac
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
AC
C
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
SN
R
a
n
d
its
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
.
A
v
er
a
g
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
s
th
e
av
ailab
le
b
an
d
w
id
th
to
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata.
I
t q
u
an
tif
ie
s
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
er
u
n
i
t o
f
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
[
2
4
]
:
(
)
2
0
B
l
o
g
1
(
)
,
C
f
d
=
+
[
b
it/s
/Hz]
(
16
)
W
h
er
e
B
is
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
’
s
b
an
d
w
id
th
an
d
()
f
is
th
e
p
d
f
o
f
SN
R
.
4.
NUM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
S A
ND
DIS
C
USS
I
O
NS
I
n
a
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
i
n
te
lli
g
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
aid
ed
s
y
s
te
m
,
an
n
u
al
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
(
A
SE)
i
s
a
cr
itical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ic
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
v
er
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
c
h
an
n
el
i
n
r
elatio
n
t
o
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
u
t
iliz
ed
.
Fro
m
(
1
4
)
t
o
(
1
6
)
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
a
R
I
S
aid
ed
FS
O
lin
k
o
v
er
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
ce
ch
an
n
el,
=
3000
m,
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
I
S
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
FS
O,
R
I
S
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
o
p
tical
s
i
g
n
al
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
m
iti
g
a
tin
g
i
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
,
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
,
a
n
d
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
A
t
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
t
u
r
b
u
len
ce
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
f
lu
c
tu
at
io
n
s
in
th
e
i
n
d
ex
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
f
ad
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
66
-
72
70
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
llu
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
v
er
s
u
s
av
e
r
ag
e
elec
tr
ical
SN
R
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
c
o
n
s
ta
n
ts
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
y
mb
o
l
V
a
l
u
e
W
a
v
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
λ
1
5
5
0
n
m
R
e
sp
o
n
s
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
d
e
t
e
c
t
o
r
ℜ
1
A
/
W
I
n
d
e
x
of
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
1
T
o
t
a
l
n
o
i
se
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
N
0
10
-
7
A
/
H
z
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
×
8
×
4
D
i
a
me
t
e
r
o
f
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
0
.
0
6
R
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
i
n
d
e
x
2
1
0
−
15
−
2
/
3
,
3
×
1
0
−
14
−
2
/
3
F
ig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
th
e
A
SE
f
o
r
N
T
-
FS
O
l
in
k
w
i
th
R
I
S
ai
d
e
d
an
d
w
ith
o
u
t
R
I
S
a
i
d
e
d
r
es
p
e
c
t
t
o
̄
,
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
v
al
u
es
o
f
i
n
d
ex
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e,
2
,
an
d
lin
k
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
=
3000
m
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
a
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
a
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
in
tel
lig
e
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
esp
ec
ially
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
o
p
tics
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
w
it
h
lo
n
g
er
li
n
k
d
is
ta
n
ce
,
t
h
e
p
o
in
ti
n
g
er
r
o
r
f
ad
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
A
S
E
is
g
r
ea
ter
.
I
t h
a
s
b
ee
n
th
at
n
o
ticed
th
at
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
w
it
h
o
u
t RIS
aid
ed
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
eg
r
ad
es.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
ill
u
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
ASE
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
er
s
u
s
li
n
k
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
i
n
d
ex
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
2
,
in
ca
s
e
w
i
th
R
I
S
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
R
I
S.
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
ct
o
f
p
o
in
ti
n
g
er
r
o
r
s
o
n
A
SE
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
FS
O
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t a
s
li
n
k
d
is
tan
ce
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
R
I
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
ese
ch
al
len
g
es
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
m
iti
g
ate
d
.
R
I
S
en
h
an
ce
s
s
i
g
n
al
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t,
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
o
in
ti
n
g
er
r
o
r
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
h
ig
h
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
m
a
k
in
g
it a
n
ess
e
n
tia
l te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
FS
O
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
llu
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
v
er
s
u
s
li
n
k
d
is
tan
ce
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
A
C
C
o
f
f
r
ee
s
p
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
cs
l
i
n
k
s
o
v
e
r
a
tm
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
tu
r
b
u
l
en
c
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
i
s
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
a
r
ea
o
f
s
tu
d
y
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
in
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
FS
O
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
e
ed
d
a
t
a
t
r
an
s
f
e
r
in
u
r
b
an
an
d
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
A
tm
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
tu
r
b
u
l
en
c
e
c
an
s
ig
n
if
i
c
an
t
ly
im
p
a
ct
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
FS
O
s
y
s
tem
s
,
l
e
a
d
in
g
t
o
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
in
c
h
an
n
el
c
a
p
a
c
i
ty
.
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
E
ffects o
f a
tmo
s
p
h
eric tu
r
b
u
len
ce
a
n
d
r
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
b
le
in
tellig
en
t su
r
fa
ce
s
o
n
…
(
Du
o
n
g
Hu
u
A
i)
71
R
I
S
in
t
o
th
e
an
a
ly
s
is
o
f
FS
O
l
i
n
k
s
o
v
e
r
a
tm
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
tu
r
b
u
l
en
c
e
ch
an
n
e
ls
o
p
e
n
s
u
p
n
ew
p
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
ti
es
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
c
in
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
.
B
y
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
ely
m
an
i
p
u
l
at
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
a
l
p
a
th
s
,
R
I
S
c
an
s
ig
n
if
i
c
an
t
l
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
A
C
C
,
m
ak
in
g
F
SO
s
y
s
t
em
s
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
a
d
v
er
s
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
H
u
a
n
g
a
n
d
L
.
L
i
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
o
u
t
a
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
sl
o
w
f
a
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
,
”
in
2
0
2
4
I
EE
E/
C
I
C
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
(
I
C
C
C
)
,
H
a
n
g
z
h
o
u
,
C
h
i
n
a
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
5
3
9
-
5
4
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
C
C
6
2
4
7
9
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
6
8
1
7
0
9
.
[
2
]
M
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
n
g
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
h
y
b
r
i
d
R
F
/
F
S
O
l
i
n
k
s
u
si
n
g
R
F
b
e
a
c
o
n
s
a
n
d
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
I
E
EE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
9
-
1
3
8
8
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
M
L
C
N
.
2
0
2
4
.
3
4
5
7
4
9
0
.
[
3
]
M
.
Z
.
C
h
o
w
d
h
u
r
y
,
M
.
S
h
a
h
j
a
l
a
l
,
S
.
A
h
me
d
,
a
n
d
Y
.
M
.
J
a
n
g
,
“
6
G
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms:
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s
,
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s,
”
I
EEE
O
p
e
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
5
7
–
9
7
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
O
J
C
O
M
S
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
1
0
2
7
0
.
[
4
]
Y
.
H
a
se
g
a
w
a
,
A
.
K
a
mo
i
,
M
.
A
i
z
o
n
o
,
a
n
d
T
.
K
a
t
o
,
“
F
r
e
e
-
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
w
i
d
e
-
st
e
e
r
i
n
g
b
e
a
m
f
o
r
t
e
r
r
e
st
r
i
a
l
a
c
c
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
”
in
I
C
C
2
0
2
4
-
I
EEE
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
D
e
n
v
e
r
,
C
O
,
U
S
A
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
-
6
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
C
5
1
1
6
6
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
6
2
3
0
6
0
.
[
5
]
H
.
A
.
D
u
o
n
g
,
V
.
L
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
a
n
d
K
.
T
.
L
u
o
n
g
,
“
M
i
sal
i
g
n
me
n
t
f
a
d
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
n
t
h
e
A
C
C
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
r
e
l
a
y
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
M
I
M
O
/
F
S
O
s
y
st
e
ms
o
v
e
r
a
t
mo
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
c
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
I
J
EC
E)
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
6
6
–
9
7
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
e
c
e
.
v
1
2
i
1
.
p
p
9
6
6
-
9
7
3
.
[
6
]
Q
.
F
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
mm
o
n
p
a
t
h
b
e
a
m
a
n
g
l
e
me
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
f
o
r
f
r
e
e
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
m,
”
i
n
2
0
2
4
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
Fi
b
e
r
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
h
i
b
i
t
i
o
n
(
O
F
C
)
,
S
a
n
D
i
e
g
o
,
C
A
,
U
S
A
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
3.
[
7
]
H
.
-
J.
M
o
o
n
,
C
.
-
B
.
C
h
a
e
,
K
.
-
K
.
W
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
M
.
-
S
.
A
l
o
u
i
n
i
,
“
P
o
i
n
t
i
n
g
-
a
n
d
-
acq
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
i
n
6
G
:
f
r
o
m
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
ms
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
on,
”
I
EE
E
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
2
-
3
8
,
M
a
r.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
C
O
M
.
0
0
1
.
2
3
0
0
2
8
5
.
[
8
]
D
.
H
.
A
i
,
D
.
T
.
D
a
n
g
,
Q
.
H
.
D
a
n
g
,
T
.
L
.
K
i
m
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
g
e
r
r
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
f
o
r
R
I
S
-
a
i
d
e
d
F
S
O
l
i
n
k
o
v
e
r
g
a
mm
a
-
g
a
mm
a
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
T
ELKO
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
7
1
8
-
7
2
4
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
D
O
I
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
EL
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
.
v
2
1
i
4
.
2
4
5
3
7
.
[
9
]
E.
S
a
r
b
a
z
i
e
t
a
l
.,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
s
f
o
r
6
G
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
”
in
I
EEE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
7
1
-
9
9
0
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
C
O
M
M
.
2
0
2
3
.
3
3
2
8
2
6
5
.
[
1
0
]
D
.
H
.
A
i
,
V
.
L
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
H
.
H
.
D
u
c
,
K
.
T
.
L
u
o
n
g
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
-
a
ssi
s
t
e
d
U
A
V
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms,
”
T
E
L
K
O
MN
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
7
3
6
-
7
4
1
,
D
O
I
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
EL
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
.
v
2
1
i
4
.
2
4
7
2
0
.
[
1
1
]
A
.
M
u
v
v
a
l
a
,
V
.
M
.
S
a
r
a
v
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
P
r
a
b
h
a
k
a
r
,
“
L
o
c
k
-
i
n
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
b
a
se
d
a
l
i
g
n
me
n
t
f
o
r
f
r
e
e
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
”
i
n
2
0
2
3
I
EEE
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
A
N
T
S
)
,
Ja
i
p
u
r
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
-
4
3
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
N
T
S
5
9
8
3
2
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
4
6
8
7
1
7
.
[
1
2
]
A
.
B
e
k
k
a
l
i
,
M
.
H
a
t
t
o
r
i
,
Y
.
H
a
r
a
,
a
n
d
Y
.
S
u
g
a
,
“
F
r
e
e
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms
f
o
r
6
G
:
a
mo
d
u
l
a
r
t
r
a
n
sce
i
v
e
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
”
in
I
EEE
Wi
r
e
l
e
ss
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
5
7
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
W
C
.
0
0
6
.
2
3
0
0
1
1
8
.
[
1
3
]
A
.
R
.
N
d
j
i
o
n
g
u
e
,
T
.
M
.
N
.
N
g
a
t
c
h
e
d
,
O
.
A
.
D
o
b
r
e
,
a
n
d
H
.
H
a
a
s
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
a
p
o
w
e
r
a
mp
l
i
f
y
i
n
g
-
R
I
S
f
o
r
f
r
e
e
-
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms,
”
i
n
I
E
E
E
W
i
re
l
e
ss
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
-
1
5
9
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
W
C
.
0
0
1
.
2
1
0
0
2
3
2
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
Z
e
n
g
,
X
.
L
i
,
G
.
L
i
,
W
.
H
a
o
,
a
n
d
O
.
A
.
D
o
b
r
e
,
“
S
u
m
r
a
t
e
max
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
I
R
S
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
u
p
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
,
”
I
EEE
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
4
–
2
3
8
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
C
O
M
M
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
2
5
9
7
8
.
[
1
5
]
M
.
A
.
El
M
o
ssal
l
a
my
,
H
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
L
.
S
o
n
g
,
K
.
G
.
S
e
d
d
i
k
,
Z
.
H
a
n
,
a
n
d
G
.
Y
.
L
i
,
“
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
su
r
f
a
c
e
s
f
o
r
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s:
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s,
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
9
0
–
1
0
0
2
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
C
C
N
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
9
2
6
0
4
.
[
1
6
]
S
.
A
t
a
p
a
t
t
u
,
R
.
F
a
n
,
P
.
D
h
a
r
m
a
w
a
n
sa,
G
.
W
a
n
g
,
J.
Ev
a
n
s
,
a
n
d
T
.
A
.
T
si
f
t
si
s
,
“
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
su
r
f
a
c
e
a
ssi
st
e
d
t
w
o
-
w
a
y
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s:
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
6
5
5
2
–
6
5
6
7
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
C
O
M
M
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
8
4
0
2
.
[
1
7
]
E.
B
a
sar,
“
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
i
n
d
e
x
mo
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
:
a
n
e
w
b
e
y
o
n
d
M
I
M
O
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
f
o
r
6
G
,
”
I
EEE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
1
8
7
–
3
1
9
6
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
C
O
M
M
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
7
1
4
8
6
.
[
1
8
]
D
.
H
.
A
i
,
C
.
D
.
V
u
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
D
.
T
.
D
a
n
g
,
“
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
sy
mb
o
l
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
s
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
f
r
e
e
-
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
l
i
n
k
o
v
e
r
l
o
g
-
n
o
r
mal
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
c
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
I
J
EC
E)
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
–
5
7
8
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
e
c
e
.
v
1
3
i
1
.
p
p
5
7
1
-
578.
[
1
9
]
D
.
W
a
n
g
,
C
.
W
a
t
k
i
n
s
,
a
n
d
H
.
X
i
e
,
“
M
EM
S
mi
r
r
o
r
s
f
o
r
L
i
D
A
R
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
Mi
c
r
o
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
mi
1
1
0
5
0
4
5
6
.
[
2
0
]
D
.
S
h
r
e
k
e
n
h
a
me
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
me
t
a
su
r
f
a
c
e
s,
”
i
n
2
0
2
3
I
EEE
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
Ph
o
t
o
n
i
c
s
i
n
D
e
f
e
n
se
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(
RA
PI
D
)
,
M
i
r
a
mar
B
e
a
c
h
,
F
L
,
U
S
A
,
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
R
A
P
I
D
5
4
4
7
3
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
2
6
4
7
3
4
.
[
2
1
]
Z
.
Y
i
g
i
t
,
E.
B
a
s
a
r
,
a
n
d
I
.
A
l
t
u
n
b
a
s,
“
L
o
w
c
o
mp
l
e
x
i
t
y
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
su
r
f
a
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
M
I
M
O
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
I
EEE
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
4
6
–
2
9
5
0
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
C
O
M
M
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
1
4
8
2
0
.
[
2
2
]
L
.
Y
a
n
g
,
F
.
M
e
n
g
,
J
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
M
.
O
.
H
a
sn
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
D
i
R
e
n
z
o
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
R
I
S
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
d
u
a
l
-
h
o
p
U
A
V
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms,
”
I
EEE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
8
5
–
1
0
3
9
0
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
V
T
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
4
5
9
8
.
[
2
3
]
T
.
M
a
,
Y
.
X
i
a
o
,
X
.
L
e
i
,
P
.
Y
a
n
g
,
X
.
L
e
i
,
a
n
d
O
.
A
.
D
o
b
r
e
,
“
L
a
r
g
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
su
r
f
a
c
e
a
ssi
s
t
e
d
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
m
mu
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
sp
a
t
i
a
l
mo
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
se
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
EEE
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
Are
a
s
i
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
2
–
2
5
7
4
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JS
A
C
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
7
0
4
4
.
[
2
4
]
R
.
P
.
N
a
i
k
a
n
d
W
.
-
Y
.
C
h
u
n
g
,
"
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
u
r
f
a
c
e
-
A
ssi
st
e
d
U
n
d
e
r
w
a
t
e
r
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m,"
i
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
i
g
h
t
w
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
7
-
4
2
6
7
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JL
T
.
2
0
2
2
.
3
1
6
2
6
2
7
.
[
2
5
]
N
.
V
i
sh
w
a
k
a
r
m
a
,
S
.
R
.
,
R
.
P
r
e
man
a
n
d
,
S
.
S
h
a
r
ma
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
.
M
a
d
h
u
k
u
mar
,
“
R
I
S
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
F
S
O
/
T
H
z
s
y
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
d
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
c
o
mb
i
n
i
n
g
sc
h
e
me
s:
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s,
”
in
I
EE
E
I
n
t
e
rn
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
2
8
6
0
5
-
2
8
6
2
2
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JI
O
T
.
2
0
2
4
.
3
4
0
5
9
7
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
66
-
72
72
[
2
6
]
T
.
I
sh
i
d
a
,
C
.
B
.
N
a
i
l
a
,
H
.
O
k
a
d
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
K
a
t
a
y
a
ma,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
I
R
S
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
mu
l
t
i
-
l
i
n
k
F
S
O
sy
st
e
m
u
n
d
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
g
e
r
r
o
r
s,
”
in
I
EE
E
P
h
o
t
o
n
i
c
s
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JP
H
O
T
.
2
0
2
4
.
3
4
1
6
2
0
1
.
[
2
7
]
H
.
W
a
n
g
,
Z
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
B
.
Z
h
u
,
J.
D
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
W
u
,
“
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
su
r
f
a
c
e
s
a
i
d
e
d
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s:
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s,
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
t
r
e
n
d
s,
”
in
I
EEE
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
-
3
5
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
W
C
.
0
0
1
.
2
2
0
0
6
0
4
.
[
2
8
]
Y
.
C
h
e
n
g
,
W
.
P
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
T
.
J
i
a
n
g
,
“
S
e
l
f
-
su
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
R
I
S
a
i
d
e
d
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
sf
e
r
sc
h
e
me
,
”
I
E
EE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
8
1
-
8
9
2
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
V
T
.
2
0
2
2
.
3
2
0
6
0
8
6
.
[
2
9
]
J.
H
u
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
su
r
f
a
c
e
s:
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
EEE
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
0
-
1
3
1
1
,
S
e
p
t
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JP
R
O
C
.
2
0
2
2
.
3
1
8
6
0
8
7
.
[
3
0
]
D
.
H
.
A
i
,
V
.
L
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
H
.
H
.
D
u
c
,
K
.
T
.
L
u
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
V
.
T
.
L
e
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
o
f
F
S
O
l
i
n
k
w
i
t
h
R
I
S
-
a
i
d
e
d
o
v
e
r
W
e
i
b
u
l
l
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
5
G
/
6
G
a
n
d
I
o
T
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
T
ELKO
MN
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
–
1
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
2
2
i
1
.
2
5
5
3
5
[
3
1
]
A
.
R
.
N
d
j
i
o
n
g
u
e
,
T
.
M
.
N
.
N
g
a
t
c
h
e
d
,
O
.
A
.
D
o
b
r
e
,
A
.
G
.
A
r
mad
a
,
a
n
d
H
.
H
a
a
s,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
R
I
S
-
b
a
se
d
t
e
r
r
e
st
r
i
a
l
-
F
S
O
l
i
n
k
o
v
e
r
G
-
G
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
d
i
st
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
j
i
t
t
e
r
r
a
t
i
o
s,
”
in
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
i
g
h
t
w
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
9
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
6
7
4
6
-
6
7
5
8
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JL
T
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
0
8
5
3
2
.
[
3
2
]
H
.
A
j
a
m,
M
.
N
a
j
a
f
i
,
V
.
Jam
a
l
i
,
B
.
S
c
h
m
a
u
ss
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
c
h
o
b
e
r
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
e
si
g
n
o
f
I
R
S
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
mu
l
t
i
l
i
n
k
F
S
O
s
y
st
e
ms
,
”
in
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
3
3
-
3
3
4
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
C
O
M
M
.
2
0
2
2
.
3
1
6
3
7
6
7
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Du
o
n
g
H
u
u
Ai
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r
o
f
E
lec
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Da
n
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
,
in
2
0
1
1
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
f
ro
m
H
a
n
o
i
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
,
in
2
0
1
8
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Da
n
a
n
g
,
V
ietn
a
m
-
Ko
re
a
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Da
n
a
n
g
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
o
p
t
ica
l
a
n
d
q
u
a
n
tu
m
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
5
G
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
a
n
d
Io
T
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
h
a
i@v
k
u
.
u
d
n
.
v
n
.
H
o
a
n
g
H
u
u
Du
c
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r
of
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
Da
n
a
n
g
,
V
ietn
a
m
in
2
0
1
3
,
a
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
S
o
o
n
g
sil
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
2
0
1
7
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
he
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
at
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
V
ietn
a
m
-
Ko
re
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Da
n
a
n
g
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
m
u
lt
i
m
e
d
ia,
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
e
v
a
l
,
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
Io
T
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
h
d
u
c
@v
k
u
.
u
d
n
.
v
n
.
K
h
a
n
h
Ty
L
u
o
n
g
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r
of
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
Da
n
a
n
g
,
V
iet
n
a
m
in
2
0
1
2
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
he
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
at
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
of
Da
n
a
n
g
-
V
ietn
a
m
-
Ko
re
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Da
n
a
n
g
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
d
a
tab
a
se
,
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
Io
T
,
a
n
d
o
p
ti
c
a
l
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
He
can
be
c
o
n
ta
c
ted
e
m
a
il
:
lk
t
y
@v
k
u
.
u
d
n
.
v
n
.
Ng
o
c
Da
t
Vo
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
a
s
ter
of
S
c
ien
c
e
in
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
f
ro
m
Da
Na
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
in
2
0
0
7
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
he
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
at
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
of
Da
n
a
n
g
,
V
ietn
a
m
-
Ko
re
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
D
a
n
a
n
g
,
Vie
tn
a
m
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
d
a
tab
a
se
,
w
e
b
d
e
sig
n
,
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
w
e
b
pr
o
g
ra
m
m
in
g
,
a
n
d
c
ro
ss
-
p
latf
o
rm
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t.
He
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
e
m
a
il
:
v
n
d
a
t
@v
k
u
.
u
d
n
.
v
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.