T
E
L
K
O
M
NIKA
T
elec
o
mm
un
ica
t
io
n Co
m
pu
t
i
ng
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
57
~
65
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
.
v
2
3
i1
.
2
6
0
5
0
57
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//telko
mn
ika
.
u
a
d
.
a
c.
i
d
BE
R perf
o
r
m
a
nc
e in
N
O
M
A
dow
n
link tr
a
ns
m
iss
io
n
using
AWG
N,
Ra
y
leig
h
,
a
nd Ri
cia
n f
a
din
g
channels
Abdelb
a
ri
F
a
llo
un
,
Ab
des
s
a
l
a
m
Ait
M
a
di
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
st
e
ms En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
L
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
,
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s,
I
b
n
T
o
f
a
i
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
K
e
n
i
t
r
a
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
3
,
2024
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
3
1
,
2
0
2
4
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
1
6
,
2024
5
G
w
irel
e
ss
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
a
c
c
e
s
sib
le
to
a
m
u
c
h
larg
e
r
u
se
r
b
a
se
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
p
re
v
io
u
s
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s.
Us
e
r
s
c
a
n
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
to
b
a
se
sta
ti
o
n
s
(
BS
s)
in
a
v
a
riet
y
o
f
m
e
th
o
d
s,
in
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
o
f
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
(F
DM),
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
(OFDM
),
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
ip
le
a
c
c
e
s
s
(OMA
),
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
ip
le
a
c
c
e
ss
(NO
M
A
).
NO
M
A
is
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
t
o
b
e
th
e
b
e
st
o
n
e
f
o
r
5
G
.
A
d
d
it
io
n
a
ll
y
,
NO
M
A
e
m
p
lo
y
s
ra
d
io
re
so
u
rc
e
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
in
te
rf
e
r
e
n
c
e
c
o
n
tro
l
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
sp
e
c
tru
m
n
e
t
w
o
rk
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
su
p
p
o
rt
e
x
trem
e
l
y
l
a
rg
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s,
s
u
c
h
a
s
su
c
c
e
s
siv
e
in
ter
f
e
re
n
c
e
c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
ti
o
n
(S
IC).
Us
e
rs
c
a
n
b
e
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
tw
o
c
a
teg
o
ries
:
stro
n
g
a
n
d
we
a
k
.
W
h
il
e
we
a
k
u
se
rs
m
a
y
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
lo
w
d
a
ta
ra
te,
stro
n
g
u
se
rs
n
e
e
d
a
h
ig
h
o
n
e
.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
w
e
e
x
a
m
in
e
th
e
tw
o
u
se
rs
i
n
re
latio
n
t
o
tran
sm
it
p
o
w
e
r,
th
e
in
d
ica
ti
v
e
b
it
e
rro
r
ra
te
(BER
),
o
u
tag
e
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
(OP
)
,
a
n
d
ra
te
a
tt
a
in
a
b
le
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
u
sin
g
a
d
d
it
iv
e
w
h
it
e
g
a
u
ss
ian
n
o
ise
(A
WGN)
c
h
a
n
n
e
l.
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
w
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
BER
a
n
d
sig
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
ise
ra
ti
o
(S
NR)
p
e
r
b
i
t
f
o
r
tw
o
u
se
rs,
sh
o
w
in
g
th
a
t
t
h
e
Ricia
n
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
p
e
rf
o
r
m
s
b
e
tt
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
Ra
y
le
ig
h
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l.
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
N
OM
A
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
h
o
ice
a
n
d
in
d
ica
tes
a
n
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
p
re
c
isio
n
o
f
d
a
ta t
ra
n
sm
issio
n
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
in
t
h
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
n
o
ise
a
n
d
i
n
terf
e
re
n
c
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
d
d
iti
v
e
w
h
i
te
g
a
u
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
B
it e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
F
if
t
h
g
en
er
atio
n
N
on
-
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
al
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
S
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
Su
cc
es
s
i
v
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
0
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
A
b
d
elb
ar
i Fallo
u
n
A
d
v
an
ce
d
S
y
s
te
m
s
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
Natio
n
al
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
A
p
p
lied
Scie
n
ce
s
,
I
b
n
T
o
f
ail
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
B
.
P
2
4
1
,
Ken
itra
-
1
4
0
0
0
,
M
o
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail:
ab
d
elb
ar
i.f
allo
u
n
@
u
it.
ac
.
m
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
ce
llu
lar
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
5
G
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
s
p
o
s
ed
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
n
et
w
o
r
k
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
late
n
c
y
,
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
icien
c
y
(
SE)
[
1
]
.
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
m
u
lt
ip
le
ac
ce
s
s
(
OM
A
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
a
v
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
i
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atin
g
a
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
an
d
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
r
ed
u
ce
d
SE
d
u
e
to
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
allo
ca
tio
n
.
T
o
ad
d
r
es
s
th
e
s
e
ch
a
llen
g
e
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
alter
n
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
li
k
e
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
,
m
illi
m
eter
w
av
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
(
NOM
A
)
.
NOM
A
e
n
ab
les
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
m
ed
iu
m
,
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
h
ar
i
n
g
w
it
h
o
u
t
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
NOM
A
o
f
f
er
s
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
s
u
ch
as
h
i
g
h
er
SE,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
lo
w
er
late
n
c
y
,
f
air
n
ess
,
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
OM
A
.
W
h
ile
NOM
A
h
as
d
r
a
w
n
i
n
ter
es
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
it
p
r
esen
t
s
ch
a
llen
g
es
lik
e
h
ig
h
er
ex
p
e
n
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
in
tr
icate
r
ec
eiv
er
s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
is
s
u
e
s
w
ith
p
o
w
er
lev
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t,
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
u
s
er
p
air
in
g
[
2
]
,
an
d
h
an
d
li
n
g
v
ar
y
i
n
g
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
s
e
r
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
n
ee
d
s
.
P
r
o
p
er
h
an
d
lin
g
o
f
NOM
A
’
s
co
m
p
lex
it
y
is
cr
u
cial
to
a
v
o
id
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
O
v
er
a
ll,
NOM
A
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
i
th
th
e
p
o
te
n
ti
al
to
en
h
an
ce
SE
in
5
G
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
3
]
-
[
5
]
.
Du
e
to
NOM
A
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
s
u
c
h
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
to
e
m
p
lo
y
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
57
-
65
58
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
n
a
m
el
y
s
u
cc
es
s
i
v
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
(
SIC),
s
u
p
er
p
o
s
itio
n
co
d
in
g
(
S
C
)
to
d
ec
o
d
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
a
ls
an
d
ca
n
ce
l
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
u
s
er
s
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
a
n
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
N
OM
A
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
.
W
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
asic
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
ad
d
iti
v
e
w
h
ite
g
au
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
n
ea
r
an
d
f
ar
u
s
er
s
,
an
d
w
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
NOM
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
a
l
y
s
is
i
n
t
h
e
R
a
y
le
ig
h
an
d
R
icia
n
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el
s
[
7
]
,
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
ab
le
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
B
E
R
an
d
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
OP
)
in
tech
n
ical
ter
m
s
,
a
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
is
a
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
c
h
an
n
el
t
h
at
i
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
ce
an
d
q
u
alit
y
o
v
er
ti
m
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
a
r
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
m
u
ltip
ath
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
lik
e
r
ef
lectio
n
,
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
,
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
an
d
o
b
s
tacle
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
A
W
GN
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
e
l
r
ep
r
esen
ts
an
id
ea
lized
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
is
co
r
r
u
p
ted
o
n
l
y
b
y
AW
GN.
T
h
is
ch
an
n
el
ass
u
m
e
s
n
o
f
ad
in
g
o
r
m
u
lt
ip
ath
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
i
t
a
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
A
W
GN
ch
an
n
el,
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
r
an
d
o
m
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
s
d
u
e
to
n
o
is
e,
an
d
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
.
Fad
in
g
ch
an
n
el
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
e
l
w
h
ic
h
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
w
h
er
e
th
er
e
is
n
o
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
lin
e
-
of
-
s
i
g
h
t
(
L
OS)
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
[
9
]
.
I
n
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
in
g
,
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
s
ig
n
a
l
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
iv
e
a
n
d
d
estru
cti
v
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
m
u
ltip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
R
ician
f
ad
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
ass
u
m
es
a
R
icia
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
a
n
d
a
r
an
d
o
m
m
u
ltip
at
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
e
v
er
-
g
r
o
w
in
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
as
n
ec
es
s
itated
a
d
ee
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
ch
a
llen
g
es
p
o
s
ed
b
y
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
els
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
I
t
p
o
s
es
s
ev
er
al
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
th
at
ca
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
i
m
p
ac
t
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
ese
ch
an
n
e
ls
ca
u
s
e
s
ig
n
al
atten
u
atio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
,
r
es
u
lti
n
g
i
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
v
er
ag
e,
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ath
lo
s
s
,
a
n
d
d
eg
r
ad
ed
s
ig
n
al
q
u
alit
y
,
u
lti
m
ate
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Mu
l
tip
ath
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
i
n
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
el
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
ca
u
s
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
f
ad
i
n
g
a
n
d
ti
m
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
,
lead
in
g
to
er
r
o
r
s
a
n
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
q
u
alit
y
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
f
ad
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
els i
m
p
o
s
e
li
m
i
tatio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
c
h
a
n
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
as
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
in
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
q
u
al
it
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
ties
a
n
d
i
m
p
air
m
en
ts
,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
av
ailab
le
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
b
elo
w
.
A
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
p
er
tain
in
g
to
t
h
e
n
o
tio
n
o
f
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
-
NOM
A
(
D
L
-
NOM
A
)
a
n
d
its
p
o
s
s
ib
le
at
tr
ib
u
tes
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
s
ec
t
io
n
2
,
a
s
w
ell
as
its
s
y
s
te
m
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
ar
t,
w
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
a
h
i
g
h
er
s
u
m
r
ate
[
1
9
]
.
A
ls
o
,
lo
w
er
OP
an
d
B
E
R
in
NOM
A
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
(
P
A
)
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
co
n
s
id
er
s
a
NOM
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atin
g
o
v
er
A
W
GN,
R
a
y
le
ig
h
,
an
d
R
ic
ian
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
s
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
s
er
v
es a
s
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
to
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
WO
RK
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
an
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
-
N
OM
A
(
D
L
-
NOM
A
)
a
n
d
its
d
is
tin
ct
iv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
[
2
2
]
.
Fo
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
a
t
w
o
-
u
s
er
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
SC
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
u
s
ed
to
s
en
d
s
ig
n
al
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
(
B
S)
a
n
d
u
s
er
s
1
an
d
2
,
w
it
h
ea
ch
u
s
er
h
a
v
i
n
g
d
ed
icate
d
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
an
ten
n
a
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
B
S
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
w
it
h
d
esi
g
n
ated
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
s
er
.
T
o
s
i
m
u
la
te
f
ad
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
els
ar
e
u
ti
lized
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
is
s
u
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
u
ltip
at
h
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
.
I
n
it
iall
y
,
w
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
an
al
y
z
in
g
t
h
e
N
OM
A
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el,
s
i
g
n
al
m
o
d
el,
a
n
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
to
ev
al
u
at
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
OP
[
2
3
]
,
an
d
B
E
R
in
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
n
ea
r
an
d
f
ar
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
th
e
B
S [
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
w
o
-
u
s
er
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
m
o
d
el
Fo
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
U
1
an
d
U
2
,
th
e
ch
an
n
els
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
to
th
e
B
S,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
co
ef
f
icien
ts
h
1
a
n
d
h
2
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
NOM
A
s
i
g
n
al
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
b
y
th
e
B
S
u
s
i
n
g
SC
i
s
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
1
)
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
B
E
R
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
in
N
OMA
d
o
w
n
lin
k
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
A
WGN
,
R
a
yleig
h
,
a
n
d
…
(
A
b
d
e
lb
a
r
i F
a
llo
u
n
)
59
=
√
(
√
1
1
+
√
2
2
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
.
Fo
llo
w
in
g
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ch
a
n
n
el
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
ℎ
1
,
th
e
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
2
is
as
(
2
a)
:
1
=
ℎ
1
+
1
(
2a
)
C
o
m
p
ar
ab
l
y
,
th
e
co
p
y
o
f
x
t
h
a
t tr
av
eled
o
v
er
ch
an
n
el
h
2
an
d
w
a
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
U
1
is
:
2
=
ℎ
2
+
2
(
2b
)
E
x
ten
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
t
h
at
w
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
U
1
.
1
=
ℎ
1
+
1
=
ℎ
1
√
(
√
1
1
+
√
2
2
)
+
1
=
ℎ
1
√
√
1
1
+
ℎ
2
√
√
2
2
+
1
(
3
)
T
h
e
ter
m
th
at
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
x
2
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Dir
ec
t
d
ec
o
d
in
g
o
f
y
1
w
o
u
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ce
x
1
.
T
h
e
SNR
f
o
r
U
1
is
,
as α
1
>α
2
,
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
4
)
:
1
=
|
ℎ
1
|
2
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
2
+
2
(
4
)
an
d
its
d
ata
r
ate
o
f
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t is
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
5
)
:
1
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
1
)
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
|
ℎ
1
|
2
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
2
+
2
)
(
5
)
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
th
i
n
g
:
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
t
h
at
w
as r
ec
ei
v
ed
at
U
2
.
2
=
ℎ
2
+
2
=
ℎ
2
√
(
√
1
1
+
√
2
2
)
+
2
=
ℎ
2
√
√
1
1
+
ℎ
2
√
√
2
2
+
2
(
6
)
B
ef
o
r
e
U
2
ca
n
d
ec
o
d
e
h
is
o
w
n
s
ig
n
al,
h
e
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
co
n
d
u
ct
SIC.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
SIC,
U
2
d
ec
ip
h
er
s
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
U
1
.
T
h
e
SNR
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
(
7
)
:
1
,
2
=
|
ℎ
2
|
2
1
|
ℎ
2
|
2
2
+
2
(
7
)
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
attai
n
ab
le
d
ata
r
ate
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
8
)
:
1
,
2
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
1
,
2
)
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
|
ℎ
2
|
2
1
|
ℎ
2
|
2
2
+
2
)
(
8
)
w
h
e
n
U
1
u
s
e
s
SIC to
ca
n
ce
l i
ts
s
ig
n
al,
to
d
ec
o
d
e
its
s
ig
n
al,
U
2
tak
es a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
SNR
,
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
9
)
:
2
=
|
ℎ
2
|
2
2
2
(
9
)
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
d
ata
r
ate
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
0
)
:
2
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
2
)
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
|
ℎ
2
|
2
2
2
)
(1
0
)
2
.
1
.
No
n
-
o
rt
ho
g
o
na
l
m
ulti
pl
e
a
cc
ess
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
P
o
w
er
d
o
m
ai
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
i
n
g
is
u
s
ed
b
y
NO
M
A
to
s
h
ar
e
ti
m
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
o
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
th
i
s
,
SIC
at
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
S
C
at
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itt
er
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
B
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
th
e
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
it
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
in
er
r
o
r
b
y
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
its
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
,
B
E
R
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
li
n
k
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
B
E
R
to
to
tal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
57
-
65
60
b
its
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
NOM
A
w
i
ll
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
a
n
A
W
GN
c
h
an
n
e
l
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
d
esig
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
NO
MA
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
’
s
NOM
A
s
i
m
u
la
to
r
u
s
ed
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
s
v
er
s
io
n
R
2
0
2
1
a.
W
e
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Ma
x
i
m
izi
n
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
d
ata
f
lo
w
w
h
ile
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
s
i
s
th
e
m
a
in
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
i
n
g
t
h
e
B
E
R
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
NOM
A
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
U
s
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
P
A
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
h
elp
s
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
is
T
w
o
u
s
er
s
in
ter
ac
t
v
ia
s
e
v
er
al
ch
an
n
el
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
A
W
GN
,
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
,
an
d
R
ician
f
ad
i
n
g
,
i
n
a
s
i
m
u
lated
NOM
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
1
1
]
.
3
.
1
.
NO
M
A
’
s
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
ev
a
lua
t
io
n in AWG
N
As
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
w
h
er
e
U
2
is
lo
ca
ted
clo
s
er
to
t
h
e
B
S
t
h
an
t
h
e
o
th
er
U
1
,
NOM
A
o
p
er
ates
b
etter
.
Ass
u
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
th
a
t
u
s
er
s
ar
e
eq
u
al
l
y
s
p
ac
ed
ap
ar
t
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
an
A
W
G
N
ch
an
n
el
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
w
it
h
b
in
ar
y
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
in
g
(
B
P
SK)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
[
2
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Do
w
n
lin
k
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
It
u
s
es
t
h
e
s
am
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
in
N
O
MA
t
o
t
r
an
s
m
i
t
s
ig
n
a
l
s
s
im
u
lt
an
e
o
u
s
ly
t
o
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
1
an
d
2
.
W
e
n
o
te
th
at
1
=0
.
6
is
p
o
w
er
w
eig
h
t
g
iv
e
n
to
u
s
er
1
an
d
2
=0
.
4
is
p
o
w
er
w
ei
g
h
t
g
i
v
en
to
u
s
e
r
2
(
α
1
+α
2
=1
)
.
I
n
NOM
A
,
u
s
er
1
(
f
ar
u
s
er
)
i
s
g
r
a
n
ted
g
r
ea
ter
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
u
s
er
2
(
n
ea
r
u
s
er
)
h
a
s
les
s
p
o
w
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
f
air
n
e
s
s
.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
1
>
2
.
W
e
s
h
all
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
at
NOM
A
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ev
e
n
w
it
h
t
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
s
i
tio
n
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
(
n
ea
r
/f
ar
)
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
w
i
th
u
s
er
2
(
U2
)
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
a
s
li
g
h
tl
y
h
i
g
h
er
B
E
R
th
an
u
s
er
1
(
U1
)
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
i
n
th
e
lo
w
SN
R
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
U2
n
ee
d
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
SIC,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ac
cu
r
ate
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
its
o
w
n
an
d
U1
’
s
d
ata.
A
n
y
er
r
o
r
s
in
th
i
s
esti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
m
p
ac
t U
2
’
s
B
E
R
,
r
esu
l
ti
n
g
in
a
h
ig
h
er
B
E
R
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
U1
[
2
9
]
-
[
3
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
B
E
R
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
in
N
OMA
d
o
w
n
lin
k
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
A
WGN
,
R
a
yleig
h
,
a
n
d
…
(
A
b
d
e
lb
a
r
i F
a
llo
u
n
)
61
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
E
R
g
r
ap
h
f
o
r
NO
MA
i
n
A
W
GN
ch
a
n
n
el
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
3.
2
.
NO
M
A
’
s
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
ev
a
lua
t
io
n in t
he
Ra
y
leig
h
f
a
din
g
cha
nn
el
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
is
o
n
e
s
u
c
h
m
o
d
el.
W
h
e
n
m
u
ltip
le
in
d
ir
e
ct
p
ath
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
L
O
S
lin
k
s
,
co
n
n
ec
t
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
er
,
b
u
t
n
o
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
p
at
h
is
ea
s
il
y
id
en
ti
f
iab
le,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
is
f
ea
s
ib
le,
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
m
u
ltip
at
h
ele
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
s
m
al
l
-
s
ca
le
f
ad
i
n
g
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
h
ad
o
w
in
g
,
d
i
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
,
s
ca
tte
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
r
ef
lectio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
c
ase
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
n
e
x
tr
e
m
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
in
g
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
m
u
ltip
ath
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
es
u
lts
i
n
a
d
is
tin
c
t
atte
n
u
atio
n
a
n
d
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
f
o
r
ev
er
y
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
b
it.
T
o
p
u
t it
an
o
t
h
er
w
a
y
,
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l v
ar
ies
w
it
h
ev
er
y
s
i
n
g
le
b
it.
3
.
2
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
rm
a
nce
t
o
m
o
del
ca
pa
cit
y
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
w
e
p
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
’
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
h
er
e
U
1
d
ec
o
d
e
U
2
’
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
u
t
f
ac
e
s
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
d
u
e
to
U
2
’
s
s
i
g
n
al
i
m
p
ac
t
an
d
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
,
a
w
ir
eles
s
r
ec
eiv
er
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
SIC
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
r
ate
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
ased
o
n
PA
a
n
d
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
U
1
an
d
U
2
.
B
y
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
th
e
S
NR
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
is
ti
n
ct
u
s
er
g
o
als,
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
to
b
r
in
g
U
1
clo
s
er
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
U
2
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
i
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
o
v
er
all
ca
p
ac
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
u
s
er
s
[
3
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
t
p
o
w
er
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
i
n
d
icati
v
e
ac
h
iev
ab
l
e
ca
p
ac
ity
r
ate
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
3
.
2
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
rm
a
nce
t
o
m
o
del
o
uta
g
e
pro
ba
bil
it
y
T
h
e
OP
in
a
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
v
ar
ies
f
o
r
n
ea
r
a
n
d
f
ar
u
s
er
s
.
A
lo
w
er
OP
f
o
r
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
in
d
icate
s
a
h
i
g
h
er
ch
a
n
ce
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
a
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
w
h
ile
a
h
ig
h
er
OP
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
i
m
p
lies
a
h
ig
h
er
lik
e
lih
o
o
d
o
f
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
o
u
r
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
o
n
in
cr
e
asin
g
en
er
g
y
r
es
u
lt
s
in
r
ed
u
ce
d
OP
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
U
2
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
lo
w
er
o
u
t
ag
e
lik
el
ih
o
o
d
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
at
b
ei
n
g
clo
s
er
to
t
h
e
B
S r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
an
o
u
ta
g
e
[
3
2
]
-
[
3
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
57
-
65
62
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
n
d
icativ
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
OP
in
r
elatio
n
to
tr
an
s
m
it p
o
w
er
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
OP
in
r
ela
tio
n
to
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
lead
to
an
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
f
u
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
an
d
i
m
p
lica
tio
n
s
f
o
r
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Fo
r
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
all
y
r
esu
lts
i
n
a
lo
w
er
OP
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
i
g
h
er
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
SNR
at
s
h
o
r
ter
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
it p
o
w
er
o
n
OP
is
m
o
r
e
n
u
an
ce
d
.
W
h
ile
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
ca
n
e
n
h
a
n
ce
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
atten
u
at
io
n
an
d
p
ath
lo
s
s
o
v
er
lo
n
g
er
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
li
m
it
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
SN
R
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
OP
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
m
a
y
b
e
less
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
P
er
f
o
rm
a
nce
t
o
m
o
del
bit
er
ro
r
ra
t
e
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
all
y
lead
s
to
a
lo
w
e
r
B
E
R
f
o
r
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
d
u
e
t
o
s
tr
o
n
g
er
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
p
o
w
er
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
SNR
.
T
h
is
en
ab
les
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
d
ec
o
d
in
g
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itte
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
b
it
er
r
o
r
s
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
o
n
B
E
R
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
li
m
ited
d
u
e
to
w
ea
k
er
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
p
o
w
er
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
d
is
tan
ce
att
en
u
at
io
n
an
d
p
at
h
lo
s
s
.
W
h
ile
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
ca
n
s
til
l
h
elp
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
e
s
tr
ic
t
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
B
E
R
b
et
w
ee
n
U
1
an
d
U
2
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
th
at
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
d
B
E
R
f
o
r
U
2
,
lead
in
g
to
b
etter
r
elativ
e
u
s
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
U
1
[
3
2
]
-
[
3
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
d
icativ
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
p
o
w
er
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
B
E
R
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
’
s
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
B
E
R
i
s
cr
u
cial
in
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
e
r
g
en
er
all
y
lo
w
er
s
B
E
R
f
o
r
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
d
u
e
to
s
tr
o
n
g
er
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
S
NR
at
s
h
o
r
ter
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
lead
in
g
to
m
o
r
e
r
e
liab
le
d
ec
o
d
in
g
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
it
er
r
o
r
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
an
d
B
E
R
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
d
u
e
to
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
B
E
R
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
in
N
OMA
d
o
w
n
lin
k
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
A
WGN
,
R
a
yleig
h
,
a
n
d
…
(
A
b
d
e
lb
a
r
i F
a
llo
u
n
)
63
p
ath
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
lim
i
ted
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
B
E
R
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
n
e
ce
s
s
itate
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ad
d
itio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
d
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
,
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
o
r
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
an
al
y
s
i
s
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
ca
r
ef
u
l
l
y
o
p
ti
m
ize
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
,
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
d
i
s
tan
ce
,
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
,
an
d
d
esire
d
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
to
s
tr
ik
e
a
b
alan
ce
b
etw
ee
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
B
E
R
f
o
r
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
c
h
alle
n
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
f
ar
u
s
er
s
i
n
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
3
.
3
.
NO
M
A
’
s
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
ev
a
lua
t
io
n in t
he
Ricia
n
f
a
din
g
cha
nn
el
R
icia
n
f
ad
i
n
g
is
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
L
OS
s
i
g
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
s
ca
t
ter
ed
m
u
l
tip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
3
5
]
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
th
e
R
icia
n
an
d
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
ar
e
s
i
m
ilar
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
L
OS
p
ath
.
T
h
e
h
=x
+i
*
y
d
ef
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
,
Ga
u
s
s
ian
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
x
an
d
y
,
h
a
v
e
a
m
ea
n
o
f
0
.
h
ca
n
alter
n
ati
v
el
y
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
h
=
x
+i
*
y
f
o
r
R
ician
f
ad
in
g
b
u
t
n
o
w
th
e
m
e
an
o
f
y
is
ze
r
o
,
an
d
th
e
m
ea
n
o
f
x
is
a
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
Gau
s
s
ian
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
s
o
f
x
an
d
y
ar
e
eq
u
al.
T
h
e
R
ic
ian
p
ar
a
m
eter
K,
d
ef
in
ed
as t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
p
o
w
er
in
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
p
at
h
s
to
p
o
w
er
i
n
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
ed
p
ath
s
,
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
x
,
y
,
an
d
t
h
e
m
ea
n
o
f
x
.
A
s
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
R
ician
p
ar
a
m
eter
K
o
n
B
E
R
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
ar
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
as K
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
t
h
e
B
E
R
d
ec
r
ea
s
es r
ap
id
ly
,
i
n
d
icati
n
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
E
R
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
i
n
d
icativ
e
l
y
S
NR
p
er
b
it
I
n
a
R
ician
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el,
th
e
R
icia
n
K
-
f
ac
to
r
q
u
a
n
ti
f
ies
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
at
io
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
L
O
S
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
ca
t
ter
ed
m
u
l
tip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
Fo
r
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
,
a
h
i
g
h
er
K
-
f
ac
to
r
h
a
s
a
m
o
r
e
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t.
W
ith
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
L
O
S
s
i
g
n
al
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
m
u
ltip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
n
ea
r
u
s
er
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ed
ictab
le
ch
an
n
el,
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
q
u
alit
y
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
a
d
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
h
i
g
h
er
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
,
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
SNR
,
an
d
b
etter
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
7
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
f
o
r
f
ar
u
s
er
s
,
t
h
e
K
-
f
ac
to
r
’
s
i
m
p
ac
t
i
s
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
ed
.
T
h
e
L
OS
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
ea
k
en
s
w
it
h
d
is
ta
n
ce
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
m
u
ltip
at
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
m
o
r
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
tial.
Far
u
s
er
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
f
ad
i
n
g
an
d
m
u
ltip
ath
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
K
-
f
ac
to
r
.
A
h
i
g
h
er
K
-
f
ac
to
r
b
en
ef
it
s
n
e
ar
u
s
er
s
b
y
m
i
n
i
m
izin
g
f
ad
in
g
,
w
h
ile
a
lo
w
er
K
-
f
ac
to
r
s
u
i
ts
f
ar
u
s
er
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
B
y
ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
th
e
K
-
f
ac
to
r
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
u
s
er
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
o
f
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
R
icia
n
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
els ca
n
b
e
o
p
ti
m
i
ze
d
[
3
8
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
OM
A
,
NOM
A
tech
n
ic
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
en
ef
it
s
lik
e
h
i
g
h
er
SE,
m
ass
iv
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
lo
w
er
-
late
n
c
y
,
f
air
n
ess
,
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
.
I
ts
q
u
alities
h
av
e
d
r
a
w
n
a
lo
t
o
f
in
ter
e
s
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
cien
t
if
ic
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
latel
y
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
i
t
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
SE
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
o
m
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
in
NOM
A
in
w
h
ich
N
OM
A
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
ass
i
g
n
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
w
er
lev
el
s
to
v
ar
io
u
s
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
im
p
le
m
en
t
t
h
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
NO
MA
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
,
a
n
d
in
v
est
ig
ate
t
h
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
w
ir
eles
s
N
OM
A
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
a
n
n
els.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
g
o
al,
f
ir
s
tl
y
,
w
e
c
ar
r
y
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
i
n
d
icati
v
e
B
E
R
,
O
P
,
an
d
r
ate
attain
ab
le
ca
p
ac
ity
,
u
s
in
g
A
W
GN,
a
n
d
s
e
co
n
d
l
y
,
w
e
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
B
E
R
in
d
icati
v
el
y
SNR
p
er
b
it
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
R
a
y
lei
g
h
an
d
R
ician
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el.
th
e
R
icia
n
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
in
ter
m
s
o
f
B
E
R
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
:
57
-
65
64
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
an
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
N
O
MA
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
m
iti
g
ate
i
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
a
s
i
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
,
SE
,
an
d
f
air
n
e
s
s
i
n
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
.
I
n
f
o
r
th
co
m
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
,
w
e
p
lan
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
al
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
u
s
er
’
s
en
er
g
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
,
co
n
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
to
o
t
h
er
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
o
ld
s
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
f
o
r
NOM
A
a
n
d
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
y
ield
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t b
en
e
f
its
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
N
.
S
e
k
u
l
o
v
i
ć
,
M
.
B
a
n
đ
u
r
,
a
n
d
A
.
P
a
n
a
j
o
t
o
v
i
c
,
“
A
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
u
se
r
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
i
n
a
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss s
y
st
e
m,
”
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
7
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
1
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
2
3
5
-
0
2
4
-
0
1
2
0
7
-
5.
[
2
]
A
.
F
a
l
l
o
u
n
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
M
a
d
i
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
S
p
e
c
t
r
a
l
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
:
P
r
o
mi
se
o
f
S
C
-
N
O
M
A
w
i
t
h
P
a
i
r
i
n
g
i
n
5
G
a
n
d
B
e
y
o
n
d
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
4
4
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
RA
S
ET)
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
R
A
S
E
T
6
0
5
4
4
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
5
4
9
5
6
0
.
[
3
]
M
.
A
b
d
-
El
n
a
b
y
,
G
.
G
.
S
e
d
h
o
m,
El
.
M
.
El
-
R
a
b
a
i
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
El
w
e
k
e
i
l
,
“
N
O
M
A
f
o
r
5
G
a
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
:
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
n
o
v
e
l
t
r
e
n
d
s,
”
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s N
e
t
w
o
rks
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
2
7
6
-
0
2
2
-
0
3
1
7
5
-
7.
[
4
]
O
.
L
.
A
.
L
ó
p
e
z
,
H
.
A
l
v
e
s
,
a
n
d
M
.
L
a
t
v
a
-
A
h
o
,
“
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
R
a
t
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
t
h
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
t
s
,
”
i
n
I
EEE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
5
4
1
0
-
5
4
2
3
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
W
C
.
2
0
1
9
.
2
9
3
6
1
8
8
.
[
5
]
S
.
A
h
me
d
a
n
d
S
.
A
me
e
n
,
“
5
G
M
o
b
i
l
e
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
I
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
w
i
t
h
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
-
N
O
M
A
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
J
C
D
S
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
3
–
1
6
1
6
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
7
8
5
/
i
j
c
d
s
/
1
6
0
1
1
1
9
.
[
6
]
F
.
K
a
r
a
a
n
d
H
.
K
a
y
a
,
“
I
mp
r
o
v
e
d
U
s
e
r
F
a
i
r
n
e
ss
i
n
D
e
c
o
d
e
-
F
o
r
w
a
r
d
R
e
l
a
y
i
n
g
N
o
n
-
O
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
A
c
c
e
ss
S
c
h
e
me
s
W
i
t
h
I
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
a
n
d
C
S
I
,
”
I
EEE
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
9
7
5
4
0
–
9
7
5
5
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
9
7
2
8
5
.
[
7
]
S
.
H
e
r
f
i
a
h
a
n
d
I
sk
a
n
d
a
r
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
I
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
i
n
N
o
n
-
O
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
A
c
c
e
ss
(
N
O
M
A
)
o
v
e
r
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
2
0
2
1
7
t
h
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Wi
r
e
l
e
ss
a
n
d
T
e
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
(
I
C
WT)
,
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
W
T
5
2
8
6
2
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
6
7
8
5
0
0
.
[
8
]
P
.
Y
a
d
a
v
,
S.
K
u
mar,
a
n
d
R
.
K
u
mar,
“
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
T
r
a
n
smissi
o
n
R
a
t
e
o
v
e
r
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s:
C
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
”
W
i
re
l
e
ss
Pe
rs
o
n
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
9
–
1
7
6
5
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
2
7
7
-
021
-
0
8
9
6
8
-
1
.
[
9
]
M
.
A
.
A
h
me
d
,
A
.
B
a
z
,
a
n
d
C
.
C
.
T
si
me
n
i
d
i
s
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
O
M
A
s
y
st
e
ms
o
v
e
r
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
f
a
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
w
i
t
h
su
c
c
e
ssi
v
e
‐
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
c
a
n
c
e
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
ET
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
–
1
0
7
2
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
e
t
-
c
o
m.2
0
1
9
.
0
5
0
4
.
[
1
0
]
A
.
A
.
K
h
a
n
sa
,
X
.
C
h
e
n
,
Y
.
Y
i
n
,
G
.
G
u
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
S
a
r
i
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
-
D
o
mai
n
N
O
M
A
a
n
d
N
O
M
A
-
2
0
0
0
o
n
A
W
G
N
a
n
d
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
f
a
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
Ph
y
si
c
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
p
.
1
0
1
1
8
5
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
h
y
c
o
m.2
0
2
0
.
1
0
1
1
8
5
[
1
1
]
B
.
P
a
n
d
a
a
n
d
P
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
ms
i
n
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
a
n
d
R
i
c
i
a
n
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
2
0
2
1
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
(
AC
T
S
)
,
R
o
u
r
k
e
l
a
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
T
S
5
3
4
4
7
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
7
0
8
2
2
1
[
1
2
]
A
.
A
.
K
h
a
n
s
a
,
X
.
C
h
e
n
,
G
.
G
u
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
S
a
r
i
,
“
A
B
E
R
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
O
M
A
o
n
R
i
c
i
a
n
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
2
0
2
0
I
EE
E
L
a
t
i
n
-
Am
e
ri
c
a
n
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
L
ATI
N
C
O
M)
,
S
a
n
t
o
D
o
mi
n
g
o
,
D
o
mi
n
i
c
a
n
R
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
,
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
A
TI
N
C
O
M
5
0
6
2
0
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
2
8
2
3
0
6
.
[
1
3
]
A
.
S
.
A
l
q
a
h
t
a
n
i
a
n
d
E
.
A
l
su
sa,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
m
o
v
e
r
α
-
η
-
μ
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
”
2
0
2
0
I
EE
E
9
1
st
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
VTC
2
0
2
0
-
S
p
ri
n
g
)
,
A
n
t
w
e
r
p
,
B
e
l
g
i
u
m,
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
V
T
C
2
0
2
0
-
S
p
r
i
n
g
4
8
5
9
0
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
1
2
8
4
1
9
.
[
1
4
]
S
.
T
h
a
h
e
r
b
a
s
h
a
a
n
d
R
.
D
h
u
l
i
,
“
O
u
t
a
g
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
N
O
M
A
o
v
e
r
α
-
μ,
η
-
μ
a
n
d
α
-
η
-
μ
f
a
d
e
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
w
i
t
h
i
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
C
S
I
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
,
”
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
9
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
–
294
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
2
3
5
-
0
2
1
-
0
0
8
6
1
-
3
.
[
1
5
]
M
.
L
i
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Er
r
o
r
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
O
u
t
d
a
t
e
d
,
I
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
C
S
I
,
a
n
d
R
H
I
O
v
e
r
α−μ
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
in
I
E
E
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
2
-
2
1
5
5
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
V
T
.
2
0
2
3
.
3
3
1
5
1
1
9
.
[
1
6
]
A
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
,
R
.
C
h
a
u
r
a
si
y
a
,
S
.
R
a
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
K
.
Jag
a
n
n
a
t
h
a
m,
“
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
f
o
r
N
O
M
A
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
a
n
d
U
p
l
i
n
k
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms
w
i
t
h
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
in
I
EE
E
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
2
0
4
6
1
-
2
2
0
4
8
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
4
2
9
9
3
.
[
1
7
]
I
.
-
H
.
L
e
e
a
n
d
H
.
J
u
n
g
,
“
U
se
r
S
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
A
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
ms
w
i
t
h
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
-
B
a
se
d
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
i
n
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
in
I
EE
E
W
i
re
l
e
ss
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
2
4
-
1
9
2
7
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
5
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
W
C
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
8
1
7
4
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
K
h
a
r
b
o
u
c
h
e
,
Z
.
M
a
d
i
n
i
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Z
o
u
i
n
e
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
i
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
s
o
f
a
V
L
C
sy
st
e
m,
i
n
a
V
2
X
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
u
si
n
g
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
x
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
T
ELKO
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
2
5
-
7
3
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
2
1
i
4
.
2
4
0
4
2
.
[
1
9
]
S
.
T
r
a
n
k
a
t
w
a
r
a
n
d
P
.
W
a
l
i
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
A
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
H
e
t
e
r
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s Ne
t
w
o
r
k
s t
o
I
mp
r
o
v
e
S
u
m R
a
t
e
a
n
d
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
”
2
0
2
2
I
EE
E
I
n
d
i
a
C
o
u
n
c
i
l
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
u
b
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(
I
N
D
I
S
C
O
N
)
,
B
h
u
b
a
n
e
sw
a
r
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
N
D
I
S
C
O
N
5
4
6
0
5
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
8
6
2
8
4
2
.
[
2
0
]
D.
-
T
.
D
o
a
n
d
C
.
-
B
.
L
e
,
“
E
x
p
l
o
i
t
i
n
g
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
P
o
w
e
r
e
d
N
O
M
A
,
”
T
ELKO
MN
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
0
7
-
1
9
1
7
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
1
6
i
5
.
9
3
8
5
.
[
2
1
]
Y
.
D
u
r
s
u
n
,
K
.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Z
.
D
i
n
g
,
“
S
e
c
r
e
c
y
su
m
r
a
t
e
max
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
a
M
I
M
O
-
N
O
M
A
u
p
l
i
n
k
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
i
n
6
G
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
”
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
on
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
p
.
1
0
1
6
7
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
h
y
c
o
m.2
0
2
2
.
1
0
1
6
7
5
.
[
2
2
]
D.
-
T
.
D
o
a
n
d
M
.
-
S
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
S
e
c
u
r
e
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ss
i
o
n
f
o
r
u
p
l
i
n
k
a
n
d
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
n
o
n
-
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
a
c
c
e
ss
sy
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
i
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
st
a
t
e
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
,
”
T
EL
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
9
9
-
7
0
6
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
2
0
i
4
.
2
0
9
3
4
.
[
2
3
]
J.
C
h
o
i
,
“
R
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
-
B
a
se
d
N
O
M
A
T
r
a
n
smissi
o
n
a
n
d
I
t
s
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
si
s,
”
i
n
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
9
1
3
-
5
9
2
2
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
V
T
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
8
5
6
9
7
.
[
2
4
]
M
.
K
.
A
b
b
o
u
d
,
Y
.
F
.
A
z
e
e
z
,
a
n
d
R
.
J.
A
b
b
a
ss
,
“
B
E
R
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
5
G
-
PD
-
N
O
M
A
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
m
u
l
t
i
p
a
t
h
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
T
ELKO
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
ro
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
26
-
33
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
2
2
i
1
.
2
4
9
5
5
.
[
2
5
]
D.
-
T
.
D
o
a
n
d
M
.
-
S
.
V
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
En
a
b
l
i
n
g
r
e
l
a
y
se
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
n
o
n
-
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
a
c
c
e
ss n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s:
d
i
r
e
c
t
a
n
d
r
e
l
a
y
i
n
g
mo
d
e
,
”
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
B
E
R
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
in
N
OMA
d
o
w
n
lin
k
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
A
WGN
,
R
a
yleig
h
,
a
n
d
…
(
A
b
d
e
lb
a
r
i F
a
llo
u
n
)
65
T
ELKO
MN
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
ro
l
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
587
-
5
9
4
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
1
8
i
2
.
1
3
3
1
3
.
[
2
6
]
R
.
S
i
r
a
i
t
a
n
d
G
.
W
i
b
i
so
n
o
,
“
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
o
n
-
O
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
A
c
c
e
ss
(
N
O
M
A
)
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
o
v
e
r
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
w
i
t
h
D
y
n
a
mi
c
P
o
w
e
r
A
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
I
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
,
”
2
0
2
1
4
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
e
m
i
n
a
r
o
n
R
e
se
a
rc
h
o
f
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s (I
S
RI
T
I
)
,
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
S
R
I
T
I
5
4
0
4
3
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
7
0
2
8
4
0
.
[
2
7
]
C
.
L
i
n
,
Q
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
X
.
L
i
,
“
A
D
e
e
p
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
M
I
M
O
-
N
O
M
A
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
S
i
g
n
a
l
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
.
2
5
2
6
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
1
9
1
1
2
5
2
6
.
[
2
8
]
W
.
A
b
d
a
l
a
z
i
z
,
B
.
A
b
o
o
d
,
R
.
M
a
j
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
F
a
d
h
e
l
,
“
Ex
a
c
t
B
E
R
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
a
n
El
e
me
n
t
a
r
y
C
o
d
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
f
o
r
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
m o
n
A
W
G
N
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
”
Ra
d
i
o
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
1
6
4
/
r
e
.
2
0
2
4
.
0
0
4
5
.
[
2
9
]
S
.
G
.
H
o
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
B
a
h
k
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
F
a
i
r
n
e
ss
M
a
x
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
ms
W
i
t
h
I
m
p
r
o
p
e
r
G
a
u
ssi
a
n
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
U
n
d
e
r
I
mp
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
u
c
c
e
ssi
v
e
I
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
C
a
n
c
e
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
E
EE
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
5
0
4
3
9
–
5
0
4
5
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
8
0
1
6
7
.
[
3
0
]
A
.
M
.
A
.
A
l
k
h
a
z
z
a
r
a
n
d
H
.
A
g
h
a
e
i
n
i
a
,
“
S
y
mb
o
l
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
n
o
n
-
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
a
c
c
e
ss
sy
s
t
e
ms,
”
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
6
,
p
.
1
0
1
2
9
5
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
h
y
c
o
m.2
0
2
1
.
1
0
1
2
9
5
.
[
3
1
]
H
.
Y
a
h
y
a
,
A
.
A
h
me
d
,
E.
A
l
su
sa,
A
.
A
l
-
D
w
e
i
k
,
a
n
d
Z
.
D
i
n
g
,
“
Er
r
o
r
R
a
t
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
O
M
A
:
P
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s,
S
u
r
v
e
y
a
n
d
F
u
t
u
r
e
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
in
I
EE
E
O
p
e
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
2
-
1
7
2
7
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
O
JC
O
M
S
.
2
0
2
3
.
3
2
9
6
0
6
1
.
[
3
2
]
F
.
K
a
r
a
a
n
d
H
.
K
a
y
a
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
B
E
R
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
s
o
f
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
a
n
d
U
p
l
i
n
k
N
O
M
A
i
n
t
h
e
P
r
e
se
n
c
e
o
f
S
I
C
E
r
r
o
r
s
o
v
e
r
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
I
ET
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
8
3
4
–
1
8
4
4
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
e
t
-
c
o
m.2
0
1
8
.
5
2
7
8
.
[
3
3
]
A
.
F
a
l
l
o
u
n
,
A
.
D
e
r
o
u
ssi
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
M
a
d
i
,
“
M
I
M
O
-
N
O
M
A
a
n
d
M
I
M
O
-
O
M
A
:
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
B
ER
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
,
”
2
0
2
3
3
r
d
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
ren
c
e
o
n
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
R
e
se
a
rc
h
i
n
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
RA
S
ET)
,
M
o
h
a
mm
e
d
i
a
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
R
A
S
E
T
5
7
1
5
3
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
1
5
3
0
6
5
.
[
3
4
]
S
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
M
.
B
a
n
s
a
l
,
“
O
u
t
a
g
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
O
M
A
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
l
a
y
s
y
st
e
ms
w
i
t
h
i
m
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
,
”
Ph
y
si
c
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
p
.
1
0
1
2
1
9
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
h
y
c
o
m.2
0
2
0
.
1
0
1
2
1
9
.
[
3
5
]
B
.
X
i
a
,
J.
W
a
n
g
,
K
.
X
i
a
o
,
Y
.
G
a
o
,
Y
.
Y
a
o
a
n
d
S
.
M
a
,
“
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
I
C
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
i
n
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
N
O
M
A
S
y
st
e
ms,
”
in
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
6
7
1
1
-
6
7
1
5
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
V
T
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
1
3
5
2
4
.
[
3
6
]
J.
W
a
n
g
,
B
.
X
i
a
,
K
.
X
i
a
o
,
Y
.
G
a
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
a
,
“
O
u
t
a
g
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
f
o
r
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
N
o
n
-
O
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
A
c
c
e
ss
S
y
st
e
ms,
”
in
I
E
EE
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
6
1
1
-
3
6
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
E
S
S
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
7
8
9
5
8
1
.
[
3
7
]
R
.
Ji
a
o
,
L
.
D
a
i
,
J.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
R
.
M
a
c
K
e
n
z
i
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
H
a
o
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
N
O
M
A
-
B
a
se
d
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
R
e
l
a
y
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
ms
O
v
e
r
R
i
c
i
a
n
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
in
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
6
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
0
9
-
1
1
4
1
3
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
V
T
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
7
2
8
6
0
8
.
[
3
8
]
H
.
S
a
d
i
a
,
M
.
Z
e
e
sh
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
S
h
e
i
k
h
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
p
o
w
e
r
d
o
mai
n
N
O
M
A
u
n
d
e
r
f
a
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
”
2
0
1
8
ELEKTRO
,
M
i
k
u
l
o
v
,
C
z
e
c
h
R
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
EL
EK
TR
O
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
3
9
8
2
4
7
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Abd
e
lb
a
r
i
Fa
ll
o
u
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
E
n
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
Ib
n
T
o
f
a
il
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ke
n
it
ra
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
in
2
0
2
0
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
ib
n
to
f
a
il
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
He
d
o
e
s
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
M
IM
O,
OMA
/OF
DMA
,
NO
M
A
,
a
n
d
4
G
/5
G
/6
G
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
b
d
e
lb
a
ri.
f
a
lo
u
n
@
u
it
.
a
c
.
m
a
.
Abd
e
ss
a
la
m
Ait
M
a
d
i
wa
s
b
o
rn
i
n
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
tea
c
h
in
g
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tro
n
ic
f
ro
m
th
e
ENS
ET
o
f
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
ia.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
f
ro
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
f
ro
m
S
id
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Be
n
A
b
d
e
ll
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
F
e
z
in
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Ha
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
Ib
n
T
o
f
a
il
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
H
e
is
a
n
A
ss
o
c
iat
e
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
o
f
Ib
n
T
o
f
a
il
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
Ke
n
it
ra
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
b
d
e
ss
a
la
m
.
a
it
m
a
d
i@u
it
.
a
c
.
m
a
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.