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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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52
In
d
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n
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J
E
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E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
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No
.
3
,
Ma
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20
2
5
:
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g
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s
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r
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p
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p
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[
2
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.
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3
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[
4
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[
5
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o
n
o
m
ic,
ec
o
lo
g
ical,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
ile
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
en
titi
es a
n
d
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
Ma
in
tain
in
g
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
i
n
g
a
co
m
p
etitiv
e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
i
n
d
y
n
am
ic
ma
r
k
ets.
Flex
ib
ilit
y
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ad
ap
t
to
ch
a
n
g
es
[
7
]
,
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
o
r
u
n
f
o
r
eseen
e
v
e
n
ts
is
v
ital
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
a
in
[
8
]
.
I
t
r
e
q
u
ir
es
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
,
ag
ilit
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
[
9
]
,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
C
o
m
p
an
ies
f
ac
in
g
g
lo
b
al
r
is
k
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
to
th
eir
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
,
d
r
iv
in
g
a
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
er
e
is
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
est
in
SS
C
M
am
o
n
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
ac
a
d
em
ics,
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
e
r
s
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies,
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
en
h
an
ce
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ain
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
f
o
s
ter
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c,
s
o
cial,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
ti
n
g
a
m
o
d
e
l
t
h
a
t
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
e
i
t
h
e
r
a
r
ea
l
o
r
h
y
p
o
t
h
e
t
i
c
al
s
y
s
te
m
.
Simu
latio
n
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
a
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
o
r
a
c
t
u
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
p
u
t
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
,
[
1
5
]
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
t
h
r
e
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
:
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
ca
l
,
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
(
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
l
at
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
s
)
.
T
h
e
y
a
l
s
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
a
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
u
s
e
o
f
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
o
d
e
l
s
,
r
e
f
le
c
t
i
n
g
a
s
h
i
f
t
f
r
o
m
e
a
r
l
i
e
r
y
e
a
r
s
w
h
e
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
ca
l
m
o
d
e
ls
m
o
s
t
wi
d
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
s
u
s
ta
i
n
a
b
l
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
ct
u
r
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
i
s
i
n
g
p
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
o
f
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
o
d
e
l
s
c
a
n
b
e
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
ca
p
a
b
i
l
it
y
i
n
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
u
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
a
n
d
s
t
o
c
h
as
t
i
c
d
a
t
a
,
s
u
r
p
a
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
a
d
e
p
t
a
t
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
s
t
i
c
d
at
a
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
[
1
6
]
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
s
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
is
a
v
a
lu
a
b
l
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
a
s
s
ess
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
s
b
y
e
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
S
i
m
u
l
at
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
h
a
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
n
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
W
i
t
h
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
s
,
a
m
o
d
e
l
e
r
c
a
n
r
e
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
k
e
y
a
c
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
[
1
7
]
a
n
d
a
s
s
e
s
s
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
c
r
it
e
r
i
a
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
c
l
as
s
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
s
i
m
u
l
at
io
n
m
o
d
e
l
s
i
n
cl
u
d
e
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
as
w
e
ll
as
a
g
e
n
t
-
b
ase
d
,
d
i
s
c
r
et
e
e
v
e
n
t
[
1
9
]
,
a
n
d
M
o
n
t
e
C
a
r
l
o
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
s
[
1
5
]
.
R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
m
a
n
d
h
o
l
is
m
,
r
e
g
a
r
d
e
d
a
s
p
h
i
l
o
s
o
p
h
i
c
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
es
i
n
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
.
R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
m
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
b
r
e
a
k
i
n
g
d
o
w
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
s
y
s
tem
s
,
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
,
o
r
e
v
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
o
th
e
i
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
.
A
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
is
g
e
n
e
r
a
ll
y
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
d
as
h
o
l
is
t
ic
,
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
i
n
g
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
in
c
o
n
t
r
a
s
t
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
al
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
es
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
,
a
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
m
a
n
y
p
a
r
ti
c
i
p
a
n
ts
w
h
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
at
e
r
i
a
ls
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
b
y
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
wi
t
h
i
n
h
e
r
e
n
t
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
a
s
c
h
a
n
g
es
o
c
c
u
r
o
v
e
r
t
i
m
e
.
G
i
v
e
n
i
ts
c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
ti
c
s
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
d
e
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
t
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
s
o
v
e
r
a
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
p
e
r
i
o
d
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
s
t
o
d
e
m
a
n
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
,
a
n
d
h
o
w
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
es
r
e
l
at
e
t
o
r
i
s
k
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
e
l
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
c
a
n
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
u
n
c
er
t
a
i
n
t
y
i
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
[
1
6
]
,
ass
e
s
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
h
e
y
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
,
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
t
h
e
e
v
al
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
a
u
s
e
-
e
f
f
e
ct
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
d
e
f
e
r
m
e
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
l
o
o
p
s
[
2
1
]
,
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
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[
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–
[
3
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
37]
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t
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l
2
0
6
0
[
3
8
]
,
s
e
l
e
ct
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s
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(
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n
[
3
9
]
,
a
n
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u
p
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ly
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n
I
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n
[
4
0
]
.
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n
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t
y
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t
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.
S
c
h
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[
4
1
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x
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m
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t
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k
s
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
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l
e
,
[
4
2
]
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
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d
b
l
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c
k
c
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ai
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SC
M
f
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m
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es
(
S
M
E
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)
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A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
ll
y
,
[
4
3
]
c
o
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d
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c
t
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p
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al
,
s
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h
.
I
n
o
t
h
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h
,
[
4
4
]
i
m
p
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v
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d
s
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p
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l
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s
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le
c
t
i
o
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p
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c
es
s
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s
,
[
4
5
]
d
i
s
c
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s
s
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d
q
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a
n
t
i
t
a
ti
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m
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to
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f
o
r
w
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d
s
u
p
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ly
ch
ain
,
a
n
d
[
4
6
]
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
ca
l
p
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r
a
m
m
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n
g
m
o
d
e
l
s
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
[
4
7
]
a
n
a
l
y
ze
d
s
u
s
ta
i
n
a
b
i
li
t
y
f
a
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li
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n
c
e
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
[
1
5
]
r
e
v
i
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w
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d
m
o
d
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l
i
n
g
a
p
p
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g
s
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p
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c
h
a
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n
s
,
a
n
d
[
4
8
]
v
a
l
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d
a
t
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d
a
t
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t
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c
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f
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d
u
s
t
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y
5
.
0
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
[
4
9
]
m
e
a
s
u
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e
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
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S
SC
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it
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.
U
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d
y
n
a
m
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cs
is
n
o
t
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o
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p
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a
l
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m
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at
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s
[
5
0
]
a
n
d
d
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m
e
d
b
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s
t
a
p
p
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o
p
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s
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a
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n
a
b
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l
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t
y
m
o
d
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l
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n
g
[
2
6
]
. R
es
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
b
y
[
3
3
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
m
o
s
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
y
n
a
m
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m
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d
el
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d
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ly
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.
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h
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ti
o
n
i
s
s
t
r
e
n
g
th
e
n
e
d
b
y
[
5
0
]
,
[
5
1
]
w
h
o
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
e
d
t
h
a
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
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n
a
m
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s
is
v
a
l
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a
b
l
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t
o
a
p
p
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to
m
a
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m
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l
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i
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n
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at
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n
v
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p
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m
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m
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am
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s
a
p
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s
c
h
o
i
ce
s
a
n
d
t
a
ct
i
cs
[
5
2
]
,
[
5
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
R
Q1
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
s
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
?
R
Q2
:
W
h
at
ch
allen
g
es
d
o
es
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
f
ac
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
ili
ty
,
a
n
d
wh
at
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
s
e
ch
allen
g
es?
R
Q3
:
W
h
at
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
co
n
te
x
t
ar
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
e
lin
g
?
R
Q4
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
e
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
?
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
es
ex
p
l
o
r
in
g
,
m
ap
p
in
g
,
an
d
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
is
s
u
es
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
r
o
m
s
elec
ted
liter
atu
r
e
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
a
n
d
2
0
2
3
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
th
em
atic
an
al
y
s
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
with
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew.
C
lar
k
e
an
d
B
r
au
n
[5
4]
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
d
th
e
m
atic
an
aly
s
is
as
a
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
p
atter
n
s
a
n
d
b
u
ild
in
g
to
p
ics
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
e
x
a
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject
d
u
r
in
g
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
ea
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
itial
s
tep
is
to
id
en
tify
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
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s
tain
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le
s
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p
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ly
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h
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m
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
637
-
1
6
4
9
1640
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
L
iter
atu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
cr
iter
ia:
i
)
h
av
e
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
“
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics”
p
lu
s
“su
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
”
,
ii
)
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
3
,
a
n
d
ii
i
)
o
n
ly
ar
ticles
in
E
n
g
lis
h
an
d
o
p
en
ac
ce
s
s
.
C
r
iter
io
n
(
i
)
is
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia,
wh
ile
cr
iter
ia
(
ii
)
an
d
(
iii
)
ar
e
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
R
ev
iew
p
ap
er
s
wer
e
n
o
t
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
co
n
f
licted
with
th
e
aim
s
o
f
th
is
ac
tiv
ity
.
So
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
liter
atu
r
e
en
co
m
p
ass
two
r
esear
ch
d
atab
ases
,
i.e
.
,
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
b
y
C
lar
iv
ate
An
aly
t
ics
an
d
Sco
p
u
s
b
y
E
ls
ev
ier
.
T
h
e
f
ilter
s
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
ar
e
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lted
in
8
ar
ticles
f
r
o
m
Sco
p
u
s
an
d
n
i
n
e
f
r
o
m
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
(
W
o
S).
H
o
wev
er
,
s
ev
en
ar
ticles
wer
e
elim
in
ated
d
u
e
to
d
u
p
licatio
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
f
i
n
al
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
1
0
a
r
ticles.
C
o
m
p
lete
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
av
ailab
le
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sear
ch
s
tr
in
g
D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s
S
t
r
i
n
g
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
S
c
o
p
u
s
TI
TLE
-
A
B
S
-
K
EY
(
“
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
y
n
a
mi
c
s
”
AND
“
s
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
”
)
A
N
D
P
U
B
Y
EA
R
>
2
0
1
9
A
N
D
P
U
B
Y
EA
R
<
2
0
2
4
A
N
D
(
LI
M
I
T
-
TO
(
D
O
C
TY
P
E,
“
ar
”
)
)
A
N
D
(
LI
M
I
T
-
TO
(
LA
N
G
U
A
G
E,
“
En
g
l
i
s
h
”
)
)
A
N
D
(
LI
M
I
T
-
TO
(
O
A
,
“
a
l
l
”
))
8
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
W
e
b
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
TS=(
“
s
y
st
e
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
”
AND
“
s
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
”
)
a
n
d
2
0
2
0
o
r
2
0
2
1
o
r
2
0
2
2
o
r
2
0
2
3
(
P
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
a
r
s)
a
n
d
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
(
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
Ty
p
e
s)
a
n
d
En
g
l
i
s
h
(
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s)
a
n
d
A
l
l
O
p
e
n
A
c
c
e
ss (O
p
e
n
A
c
c
e
ss)
9
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
h
ases
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
th
e
m
atic
an
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
I
n
itially
,
s
tu
d
ies
id
en
tifie
d
th
em
es,
f
o
l
lo
wed
b
y
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
n
ar
r
ati
v
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
th
em
e
.
I
n
th
ese
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
s
tu
d
ies,
“
th
e
m
es
”
r
ef
er
to
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
atter
n
s
,
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
o
r
elem
e
n
ts
id
en
tifie
d
an
d
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
ey
r
ep
r
esen
t
ess
en
t
ial
ca
teg
o
r
ies
th
at
o
r
g
an
ize
a
n
d
ex
p
lain
v
a
r
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
,
in
clu
d
in
g
is
s
u
es,
tr
en
d
s
,
ch
allen
g
es,
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
I
d
en
tify
in
g
an
d
an
al
y
zin
g
t
h
e
m
es
is
cr
itical
to
g
ain
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
m
a
k
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
els an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
co
d
in
g
y
ield
ed
1
9
attr
ib
u
tes.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
c
o
d
in
g
was
th
en
ad
j
u
s
ted
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
ed
,
s
o
th
e
f
in
al
co
d
i
n
g
i
d
en
tifie
d
o
n
ly
f
iv
e
d
is
tin
ct
th
em
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
o
cu
s
an
d
c
o
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
co
d
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
in
Ap
p
e
n
d
ix
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
th
em
es
a
r
e
d
y
n
am
i
c
m
o
d
elin
g
,
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
,
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
s
u
es,
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
s
tr
ate
g
ies
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
h
o
r
izo
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
m
o
d
el
in
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
b
eh
av
i
o
r
th
em
es
will
ad
d
r
ess
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
1
(
R
Q1
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
th
em
es
o
n
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
s
u
es
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ili
ty
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
will
r
esp
o
n
d
to
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
2
(
R
Q2
)
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
h
o
r
iz
o
n
s
th
e
m
e
w
ill
r
eso
lv
e
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
3
(
R
Q3
)
.
T
h
e
n
ar
r
ati
v
e
o
f
ea
c
h
th
em
e
is
o
u
tlin
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t su
b
s
ec
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
Dy
na
m
ic
m
o
delin
g
T
h
is
th
em
e
in
v
esti
g
ates
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
th
at
u
s
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
r
o
m
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
y
s
tem
s
ev
o
l
v
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
l
o
o
p
s
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
d
y
n
am
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Mo
d
els
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
,
[
5
5
]
–
[
5
9
]
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
(
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
)
an
d
n
e
g
ativ
e
(
b
alan
cin
g
)
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
.
Po
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
in
th
es
e
m
o
d
els
o
f
ten
r
elate
to
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ili
ty
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
.
Han
d
ay
a
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ca
n
lead
to
b
etter
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
waste.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Pas
q
u
alin
o
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
id
e
n
tifie
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
r
elate
d
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
d
m
ar
k
et
d
em
a
n
d
,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
,
an
d
[
2
9
]
f
o
u
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
r
elate
d
to
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
ic
f
ar
m
in
g
.
Neg
ativ
e
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
lo
o
p
s
t
y
p
ically
in
v
o
lv
e
b
ala
n
cin
g
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
d
em
an
d
,
m
itig
atin
g
r
is
k
s
,
o
r
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
a
cts.
Han
d
ay
a
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
b
alan
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
h
elp
s
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
a
in
s
ad
ju
s
t
to
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
d
em
an
d
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
Pas
q
u
alin
o
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
id
en
tifie
d
n
eg
ativ
e
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
lo
o
p
s
r
elate
d
to
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
ass
et
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
in
eq
u
ality
,
an
d
[
2
9
]
f
o
u
n
d
n
eg
ativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
r
elate
d
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
o
r
g
an
ic
f
a
r
m
in
g
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
S
u
s
ta
in
a
b
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
a
in
mo
d
elin
g
:
a
r
ev
iew
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f
…
(
Ju
lia
K
u
r
n
ia
s
ih
)
1641
Ülk
ü
et
a
l.
[
5
5
]
,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
r
elate
d
to
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
r
is
k
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
tr
ateg
ies,
wh
ile
b
alan
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
co
s
t
-
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
q
u
ality
an
d
y
ield
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Kau
r
a
n
d
Kan
d
er
[
5
6
]
fo
u
n
d
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
b
etwe
en
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
b
u
t
also
a
n
eg
ativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
b
etwe
en
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
er
,
Din
g
et
a
l.
[
5
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
a
b
alan
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
l
o
o
p
r
e
lated
to
in
v
en
to
r
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
in
v
o
lv
ed
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
an
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
Sh
a
m
s
u
d
d
o
h
a
et
a
l.
[
5
8
]
f
o
u
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
a
c
k
lo
o
p
s
r
elat
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
waste
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
an
d
n
e
g
ativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
r
elate
d
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
t
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
e
p
letio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
Allen
et
a
l.
[
5
9
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
b
alan
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
l
o
o
p
in
v
o
lv
ed
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
c
o
s
ts
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
r
elate
d
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
m
o
d
els
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
Katso
r
as
an
d
Geo
r
g
iad
is
[
6
0
]
an
d
B
eltag
u
i
et
a
l.
[
6
1
]
o
n
ly
in
clu
d
e
o
n
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
.
Katso
r
as
an
d
Geo
r
g
iad
is
[
6
0
]
o
n
ly
f
o
u
n
d
a
n
e
g
ativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
r
elate
d
to
d
is
aster
im
p
ac
t,
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
C
L
SC
ca
n
ad
ap
t
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
d
is
aster
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
B
eltag
u
i
et
a
l.
[
6
1
]
id
e
n
tifie
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
r
ee
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
(
3D
)
p
r
i
n
tin
g
b
y
s
m
a
ll
co
m
p
an
ies.
T
h
ese
th
em
es
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
k
e
y
d
y
n
am
ics
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
d
o
p
tio
n
,
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
ilit
y
p
r
ac
tices,
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
l
o
o
p
d
r
iv
es
g
r
o
wth
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ea
s
in
clu
d
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
th
e
b
alan
c
in
g
lo
o
p
h
elp
s
s
tab
ilize
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
s
.
Mo
d
els
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
b
o
t
h
ty
p
es
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
v
iew
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
d
y
n
am
ics.
3
.
2
.
Su
pp
ly
cha
in beha
v
io
rs
T
h
is
th
em
e
ex
p
lo
r
es
ac
tiv
ity
p
atter
n
s
,
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
to
g
ain
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
ilit
y
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
[
2
7
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
y
s
tem
ad
ap
ts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
e.
g
.
,
co
llectio
n
,
s
to
r
a
g
e,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
to
s
tab
ilize
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
m
ain
tain
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
le
v
els
as
p
alm
k
er
n
el
s
h
ells
(
PKS
)
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
lu
ct
u
ates.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Pas
q
u
alin
o
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
r
ev
ea
ls
s
ev
er
al
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ain
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
d
em
an
d
s
b
y
a
d
o
p
tin
g
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
g
r
ee
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
alig
n
with
m
ar
k
et
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
t
also
in
teg
r
ates
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
s
y
s
tem
s
to
b
o
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
f
o
s
ter
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
wh
ile
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
d
ig
ital
ass
et
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
in
eq
u
ality
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
eq
u
itab
le
ac
ce
s
s
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
m
a
n
ag
in
g
its
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
m
a
r
k
et
s
eg
m
en
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
T
a
g
h
ik
h
a
h
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
u
n
v
eils
th
at
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ar
m
i
n
g
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
e.
g
.
,
p
r
ice
an
d
s
o
cial
n
o
r
m
s
,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
Ülk
ü
et
a
l.
[
5
5
]
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
th
at
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
ar
e
willin
g
to
b
ea
r
h
ig
h
er
co
s
ts
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
s
u
ch
as
f
lo
o
d
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
,
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
an
d
s
tab
ilize
y
ield
s
.
Kau
r
an
d
Kan
d
e
r
[
5
6
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
a
t su
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
ad
a
p
t to
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
as we
ll a
s
th
eir
f
o
cu
s
o
n
m
in
im
izin
g
waste
an
d
esti
m
atin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ac
c
u
r
at
ely
.
Katso
r
as
an
d
Geo
r
g
iad
is
[
6
0
]
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
C
L
SC
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
d
is
aster
im
p
ac
ts
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
d
em
an
d
p
at
ter
n
s
an
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
m
itig
atio
n
p
o
licies
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Din
g
et
a
l.
[
5
7
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
an
d
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
lo
g
is
tics
b
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
s
av
e
c
o
s
ts
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
em
is
s
io
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
Sh
a
m
s
u
d
d
o
h
a
et
a
l.
[
5
8
]
u
n
v
eils
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
s
r
esp
o
n
d
to
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
d
e
m
an
d
s
b
y
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
waste
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
m
in
i
m
izin
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
im
p
ac
t,
an
d
co
n
s
er
v
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
m
itig
ate
ec
o
lo
g
ical
d
am
ag
e.
Me
an
wh
ile,
B
elta
g
u
i
et
a
l.
[
6
1
]
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
o
f
s
m
all
co
m
p
an
ies
wer
e
ad
ap
tin
g
b
y
lev
er
a
g
in
g
3
D
p
r
in
t
in
g
to
d
r
iv
e
m
ar
k
et
g
r
o
wth
,
p
r
ess
u
r
in
g
lar
g
e
co
m
p
an
ies
to
ad
o
p
t
m
o
r
e
s
o
cially
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices.
Fin
ally
,
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
r
e
g
u
l
ato
r
y
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
[
5
9
]
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
en
g
ag
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
em
b
r
ac
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Fro
m
th
is
th
em
e,
it
is
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
to
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
ad
ap
t
to
d
em
an
d
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices
em
b
r
ac
em
en
t.
T
h
ey
le
v
er
ag
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
e
n
h
an
ce
e
f
f
i
cien
cy
,
m
an
a
g
e
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
ev
en
at
h
i
g
h
er
c
o
s
ts
,
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
q
u
ality
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
3
.
3
.
Su
pp
ly
cha
in m
a
na
g
e
ment
is
s
ue
s
T
h
is
th
em
e
e
x
p
lo
r
es
t
h
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
ch
alle
n
g
es
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
e
n
co
u
n
ter
e
d
in
th
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
,
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
,
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
ac
tiv
ities
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
is
s
u
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
[
2
7
]
co
m
p
r
is
es
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
PKS
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
also
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
o
p
tim
izin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
in
PKS
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
Pas
q
u
alin
o
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
of
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
d
d
ig
italizatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
is
k
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t,
e
x
am
in
in
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
d
em
an
d
s
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
ac
ts
,
d
is
p
ar
itie
s
,
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
is
s
u
es
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
ig
italizatio
n
.
T
ag
h
ik
h
a
h
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
s
th
e
in
ter
p
lay
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
g
to
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ar
m
in
g
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
elin
g
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
p
o
licies
to
a
d
v
an
ce
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
ac
tices.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
Ülk
ü
et
a
l.
[
5
5
]
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
637
-
1
6
4
9
1642
m
itig
atin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
s
lik
e
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
s
s
u
ch
as
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
d
am
ag
e
a
n
d
p
esti
cid
e
u
s
e,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
co
s
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
s
ee
d
p
r
ices
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
co
s
ts
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
[
5
6
]
tack
le
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
b
y
m
an
ag
in
g
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
g
o
o
d
s
a
n
d
s
er
v
ices,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
an
d
in
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
d
ea
lin
g
with
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
im
p
ac
t
is
s
u
es
b
y
m
in
im
izin
g
waste
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Katso
r
as
an
d
Geo
r
g
iad
is
[
6
0
]
d
is
cu
s
s
es
d
is
aster
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
at
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
lev
el
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
d
em
a
n
d
p
atter
n
s
,
u
s
in
g
to
tal
C
L
SC
p
r
o
f
its
an
d
d
em
an
d
b
ac
k
lo
g
as
k
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Din
g
et
a
l.
[
5
7
]
ex
am
in
es
th
e
c
h
allen
g
e
s
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
I
o
T
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
s
f
r
o
m
tech
n
ical
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
b
alan
cin
g
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
ad
a
p
tin
g
m
ar
k
et
d
y
n
am
ics f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
etitio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
Sh
am
s
u
d
d
o
h
a
et
a
l.
[
5
8
]
a
d
d
r
ess
es
s
ev
er
al
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
s
u
es
in
th
e
d
ai
r
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
(
f
ee
d
,
wate
r
,
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
)
,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
m
ilk
waste
in
to
b
io
g
as,
an
d
b
alan
ci
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
with
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
an
d
th
e
s
o
cial
welf
ar
e
o
f
l
o
ca
l
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
B
eltag
u
i
et
a
l.
[
6
1
]
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
lack
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
n
m
ajo
r
co
m
p
a
n
ies
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
s
m
aller
s
o
cially
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
b
u
s
in
ess
es
f
ac
e
in
ch
an
g
in
g
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
b
r
o
ad
e
r
m
ar
k
ets.
Fin
ally
,
Allen
et
a
l.
[
5
9
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
g
ap
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
SS
C
M
an
d
C
E
,
wh
ich
h
in
d
er
s
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
th
is
th
em
e,
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
s
en
c
o
u
n
t
er
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
I
t
in
clu
d
e
s
th
eo
r
etica
l
g
a
p
s
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
SS
C
M
an
d
C
E
p
r
in
cip
les,
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
m
u
ltip
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
,
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
m
itig
ati
o
n
,
r
is
k
an
d
co
s
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
,
an
d
b
ar
r
ier
s
p
o
s
ed
b
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
.
3
.
4
.
Su
s
t
a
ina
bil
it
y
s
t
ra
t
eg
ies
a
nd
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
is
th
em
e
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
d
ir
e
ctio
n
o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
a
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
,
co
h
er
e
n
ce
b
et
wee
n
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
th
e
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ac
tio
n
s
tak
en
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
is
ap
p
lied
b
y
[
2
7
]
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
PKS
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
waste,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
i
o
m
ass
f
u
el.
Fo
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
Katso
r
as
an
d
Geo
r
g
iad
is
[
6
0
]
u
s
ed
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
o
f
C
L
S
C
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
aster
s
.
I
t
a
s
s
ess
e
s
d
is
a
s
ter
im
p
ac
ts
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
o
n
tin
u
ity
.
An
o
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
a
d
d
r
ess
es
s
o
cial
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
3
D
p
r
in
tin
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
air
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
p
r
ac
tices,
o
v
er
co
m
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
d
r
iv
e
m
ar
k
et
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
,
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
m
ajo
r
p
lay
er
s
to
war
d
s
o
cially
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
p
r
ac
tices
[
6
1
]
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
at,
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
m
u
lti
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
wh
ic
h
id
ea
lly
is
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
wh
ich
r
ef
e
r
s
to
T
B
L
.
Pas
q
u
alin
o
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
u
s
t
ain
ab
ilit
y
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
f
in
an
cial
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
i
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
in
eq
u
ality
,
an
d
in
f
latio
n
,
wh
ile
also
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
o
cial
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
in
e
q
u
ality
in
th
e
d
ig
it
al
ag
e.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
Ülk
ü
et
a
l.
[
5
5
]
m
an
a
g
es
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
s
f
r
o
m
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
h
ar
m
f
u
l
p
r
ac
tices
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
b
alan
cin
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
f
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Similar
ly
,
Ka
u
r
an
d
Kan
d
er
[
5
6
]
ex
am
in
es
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
ec
o
lo
g
ical
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
tim
ized
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
wh
ile
[
5
7
]
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
I
o
T
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
T
ag
h
ik
h
a
h
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
ad
d
r
ess
es
a
ll
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
I
t
p
r
o
m
o
tes
s
o
cia
l
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ar
m
in
g
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
m
ar
k
et
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
f
ar
m
e
r
s
an
d
in
ce
n
tiv
es
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
Sh
am
s
u
d
d
o
h
a
et
a
l.
[
5
8
]
ad
d
r
ess
es a
ll d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
waste
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
u
r
al
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
an
d
n
u
tr
itio
u
s
p
r
o
d
u
cts
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ca
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
.
L
astl
y
,
Allen
et
a
l.
[
5
9
]
also
i
n
teg
r
at
es
th
e
th
r
ee
p
illar
s
b
y
en
g
ag
i
n
g
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
SS
C
M
an
d
C
E
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
in
an
cial
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
th
em
e
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ac
h
iev
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
b
y
o
p
tim
izin
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r
eso
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r
ce
s
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
o
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e
r
atio
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al
ef
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tiv
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d
u
r
in
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is
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u
p
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s
,
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d
r
ess
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
in
n
o
v
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d
in
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q
u
ality
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b
alan
cin
g
p
r
o
d
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ctio
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c
o
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ts
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lev
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g
tech
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an
d
s
u
p
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o
r
g
a
n
ic
f
ar
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with
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ar
k
et
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ce
n
tiv
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T
h
ey
ac
h
iev
e
e
n
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n
m
en
ta
l
s
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s
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g
g
r
ee
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g
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clim
ate
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is
k
s
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r
ed
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cin
g
e
n
er
g
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s
e,
waste,
an
d
em
is
s
io
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s
,
an
d
ad
o
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tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
f
ar
m
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a
n
d
CE
p
r
ac
tices.
So
cial
s
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s
tain
ab
ilit
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is
r
ea
ch
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
air
s
u
p
p
l
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ain
p
r
a
ctice
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
eq
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ality
in
d
ig
italizatio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
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g
r
u
r
al
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
an
d
n
u
tr
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s
p
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o
d
u
ct
s
,
an
d
e
n
g
ag
in
g
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
.
I
t
also
r
ev
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ls
th
at
o
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ly
o
n
e
-
th
ir
d
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
co
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e
r
all
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s
u
s
tain
ab
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asp
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
ar
ticles
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ju
s
t
o
n
e
o
r
two
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
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E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
S
u
s
ta
in
a
b
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
a
in
mo
d
elin
g
:
a
r
ev
iew
b
a
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a
p
p
lica
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…
(
Ju
lia
K
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r
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ih
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1643
3
.
5
.
Dec
is
io
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-
ma
k
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rizo
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T
h
is
th
em
e
ex
p
lo
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m
ak
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in
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ies
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ased
o
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th
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ee
h
o
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izo
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p
ec
tiv
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i.e
.
,
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
,
m
id
-
ter
m
,
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
i
cs
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
te
r
m
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
[
5
6
]
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
ater
ials
,
lab
o
r
,
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t in
ap
p
a
r
el
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
en
h
an
ce
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
m
in
im
izin
g
waste,
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
ag
e
to
lo
wer
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
t in
th
e
s
h
o
r
t te
r
m
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
m
i
d
-
ter
m
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
Katso
r
as
an
d
Geo
r
g
iad
is
[
6
0
]
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
is
aster
ev
en
ts
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
at
eg
ies
o
n
th
e
C
L
SC
o
v
er
t
h
e
m
id
-
ter
m
,
e
v
alu
atin
g
h
o
w
d
if
f
e
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en
t
d
em
an
d
p
atter
n
s
an
d
p
o
licies
in
f
lu
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ce
s
u
p
p
l
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ch
ain
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
af
ter
d
is
aster
s
.
Similar
ly
,
Din
g
et
a
l.
[
5
7
]
u
s
e
d
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
ag
en
t
-
b
ased
m
o
d
elin
g
to
ass
ess
I
o
T
’
s
im
p
ac
t
o
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s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
c
o
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
B
eltag
u
i
et
a
l.
[
6
1
]
ad
o
p
ted
a
m
id
-
ter
m
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
3
D
p
r
i
n
t
in
g
ca
n
g
r
ad
u
ally
o
v
er
co
m
e
r
eso
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r
ce
co
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s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
m
ar
k
et
g
r
o
wt
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f
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r
s
o
cially
o
r
ien
te
d
b
u
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ess
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Fu
r
th
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m
o
r
e
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f
o
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lo
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-
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r
m
d
ec
is
io
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-
m
ak
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
,
[
2
7
]
em
p
lo
y
e
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
P
KS
as
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
ts
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
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s
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
v
ar
iab
les.
L
ik
ew
is
e,
[
2
8
]
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical,
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
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,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
i
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d
u
s
tr
ial
in
n
o
v
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,
in
e
q
u
ality
,
an
d
i
n
f
latio
n
.
T
ag
h
ik
h
ah
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
also
to
o
k
a
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
v
ie
w,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
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s
tem
ic,
b
eh
av
io
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an
d
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ch
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g
es
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
ac
t
ices.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Allen
et
a
l.
[
5
9
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
d
y
n
am
ics
s
u
s
t
ain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
cir
c
u
lar
ec
o
n
o
m
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
(
D
-
SS
C
E
M)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
g
u
id
e
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
in
alig
n
in
g
th
eir
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
tr
ateg
ies
with
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
p
r
in
ci
p
les
in
th
e
lo
n
g
ter
m
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
ap
p
r
o
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h
is
u
ltima
tely
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
u
lti
-
p
er
s
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ec
tiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
Ülk
ü
et
a
l.
[
5
5
]
u
s
ed
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
ap
p
r
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ac
h
to
s
u
p
p
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s
h
o
r
t
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ter
m
d
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m
ak
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g
ar
o
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d
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p
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al
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is
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
eq
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ip
m
en
t
f
ailu
r
es
an
d
p
est
m
an
ag
em
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t
in
c
o
tto
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
lo
g
is
tics
wh
ile
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
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r
is
k
s
.
A
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Sh
am
s
u
d
d
o
h
a
et
a
l.
[
5
8
]
in
clu
d
ed
a
m
ed
iu
m
to
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
Mid
-
ter
m
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
em
p
h
asize
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
b
en
e
f
its
.
T
h
is
th
em
e
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
d
ec
is
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n
-
m
ak
in
g
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Mid
-
ter
m
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
ce
n
ter
s
o
n
m
itig
atin
g
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
an
d
ad
o
p
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
L
o
n
g
-
ter
m
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
i
o
r
itizes
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
,
d
ig
italizatio
n
,
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ar
m
in
g
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
cir
cu
lar
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
.
I
t
also
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
a
m
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
em
p
h
asize
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
,
with
f
ewe
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
m
id
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
th
em
e
co
n
clu
d
es th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
tr
ateg
ic,
tactica
l,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
r
esil
ien
ce
.
3
.
6
.
T
he
f
uture
direct
io
ns
f
o
r
s
us
t
a
ina
ble s
up
p
ly
cha
in m
o
delin
g
T
h
is
r
ev
iew
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
is
s
u
es
id
en
tifie
d
in
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
c
h
an
d
o
f
f
e
r
s
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
o
n
m
o
d
elin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
a
m
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Stu
d
ies
r
ev
iewe
d
a
r
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
ze
d
,
d
e
t
a
il
i
n
g
e
ac
h
s
t
u
d
y
’
s
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
,
f
o
c
u
s
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
s
ec
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
e
x
is
ti
n
g
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
g
a
p
s
.
T
a
b
le
3
i
n
A
p
p
e
n
d
i
x
p
r
esen
ts
more
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
iv
e
th
em
es
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
an
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
id
en
tifie
d
in
T
ab
le
3
in
Ap
p
en
d
ix
,
th
is
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
will
ex
p
lo
r
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
m
o
d
el
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ain
s
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
will
an
s
wer
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
4
(
R
Q4
)
.
I
n
ag
g
r
eg
ate,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ad
d
r
ess
g
ap
s
in
SS
C
M
-
C
E
th
eo
r
y
b
y
tr
an
s
latin
g
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
r
ac
tic
al
g
u
id
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
er
s
an
d
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies.
E
m
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
t
o
v
alid
ate
m
o
d
els,
ass
es
s
th
eir
r
elev
an
ce
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
to
SS
C
M
an
d
C
E
s
tr
ateg
ies.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
h
o
w
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
els
ad
ju
s
t
to
d
em
an
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
p
o
licy
ch
an
g
es
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
wid
er
u
s
e
o
f
g
r
ee
n
en
e
r
g
y
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
u
s
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
l
d
in
clu
d
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
p
o
licy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
an
d
c
o
s
t
-
b
en
ef
it
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
r
e
co
n
o
m
ic
v
iab
ili
ty
.
Similar
ly
,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ar
m
i
n
g
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
am
i
n
e
h
o
w
m
a
r
k
et
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
im
p
ac
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
iab
ili
ty
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
an
d
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cial
im
p
ac
ts
in
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
t
o
o
r
g
an
ic
f
ar
m
i
n
g
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
m
o
d
el
is
also
n
ee
d
ed
to
in
teg
r
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
r
i
s
k
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
ass
ess
th
eir
cu
m
u
lativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
R
esear
ch
r
eq
u
ir
es
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
d
u
s
tr
ies to
ev
alu
ate
f
in
d
in
g
s
’
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
ad
a
p
t th
e
m
o
d
el
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
with
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
lif
e
cy
cle
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
L
C
A
)
an
d
life
cy
cle
co
s
tin
g
(
L
C
C
)
is
n
ee
d
e
d
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
an
d
co
s
ts
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
637
-
1
6
4
9
1644
ad
o
p
ted
a
n
d
its
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
CE
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
a
ls
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
s
ca
lin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
em
w
ith
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
th
eir
s
o
cial
im
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
m
ar
k
e
t
d
y
n
am
ics
a
n
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
b
eh
av
io
r
,
in
clu
d
in
g
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
an
d
s
k
ills
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
to
in
clu
d
e
g
lo
b
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
ei
r
d
ig
italizatio
n
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
im
p
ac
t.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
also
b
e
a
p
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
an
d
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
ev
al
u
ate
s
ec
to
r
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
ef
f
ec
ts
,
with
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
l
d
p
r
io
r
itize
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es,
in
ten
s
ities
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
o
f
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
o
n
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
s
.
I
t
in
cl
u
d
es
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
in
te
g
r
ated
r
esil
ien
ce
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ain
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
with
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
an
o
v
er
v
i
ew
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
f
r
o
m
an
ap
p
ly
in
g
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
also
ex
p
lo
r
es
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
m
o
d
elin
g
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
te
n
lin
k
ed
p
ap
e
r
s
u
s
in
g
a
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
R
ev
iewin
g
th
e
s
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
o
n
ly
o
n
e
-
th
ir
d
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
ed
all
th
r
ee
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esea
r
ch
co
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
b
etter
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
th
r
ee
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
ese
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
s
tr
ateg
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
th
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
also
ap
p
lied
tactica
l
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
p
r
a
ctice
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
licy
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
an
in
teg
r
ated
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
s
y
s
tem
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
r
is
k
s
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
is
cr
itical
to
b
u
il
d
in
g
r
esil
ien
t
an
d
ad
ap
ta
b
le
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
eir
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
f
in
an
cial
v
iab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
is
also
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
ac
to
r
s
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
c
an
also
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
an
d
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
o
n
tex
ts
an
d
h
o
w
co
n
s
u
m
er
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
m
ar
k
et
d
y
n
am
ics
r
elate
to
s
u
c
h
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
h
el
p
ac
h
iev
e
b
r
o
ad
er
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
g
o
als
in
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
.
Du
e
to
th
e
lim
ited
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iewe
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
f
u
tu
r
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
m
o
r
e
liter
atu
r
e
with
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
er
io
d
s
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
ies.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
au
th
o
r
g
r
atef
u
lly
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
es
th
e
Z
am
alah
s
ch
o
l
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[
2
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I
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2
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[
2
9
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A
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[
5
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Tu
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Th
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[
6
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]
NA
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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2
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4
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52
In
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T
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5
7
]
NA
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a)
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.
b)
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.
c)
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.
d)
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-
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s,
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me
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t
s.
S
h
a
ms
u
d
d
o
h
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
8
]
B
a
n
g
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d
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s
h
D
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v
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l
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p
m
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k
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w
a
st
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ma
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v
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c
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mes
.
D
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y
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d
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st
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a)
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p
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s.
b)
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o
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d
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t
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k
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s)
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a
t
i
v
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s.
Bel
t
a
g
u
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
6
1
]
N
e
t
h
e
r
l
a
n
d
s
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
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f
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s
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c
h
n
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y
(
i
.
e
.
,
3
D
p
r
i
n
t
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g
)
f
o
r
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v
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m
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p
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d
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f
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s
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f
s
o
c
i
a
l
l
y
su
st
a
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n
a
b
l
e
su
p
p
l
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c
h
a
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n
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s.
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
a)
Th
e
s
t
u
d
y
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
e
s
o
n
a
m
o
b
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l
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p
h
o
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p
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o
d
u
c
e
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a
n
d
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t
s
a
c
c
e
sso
r
i
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s.
T
o
f
u
l
l
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c
o
mp
r
e
h
e
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d
t
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a
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a
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d
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3
D
p
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s.
b)
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st
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d
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3
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p
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a
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sc
a
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t
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c
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mm
o
d
a
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a
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g
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r
m
a
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k
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v
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mes
(
sc
a
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a
b
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c
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l
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n
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s)
.
c)
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3
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a
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c
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s,
a
s
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se
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d
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s i
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m
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t
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(
e
c
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n
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c
v
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a
b
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l
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y
)
.
d)
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h
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t
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u
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c
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a
t
t
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u
d
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s,
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d
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s
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l
y
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v
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st
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d
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p
t
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f
3
D
-
p
r
i
n
t
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d
p
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o
d
u
c
t
s (c
o
n
su
mer
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
)
.
A
l
l
e
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
9
]
NA
Th
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
d
y
n
a
mi
c
,
s
u
st
a
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a
b
l
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su
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
-
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
ma
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
d
e
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
.
NA
a)
Th
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
d
y
n
a
m
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c
f
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a
m
e
w
o
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k
.
H
o
w
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v
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r
,
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t
d
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d
n
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t
f
u
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l
y
e
x
p
l
o
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p
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t
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c
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r
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t
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s
o
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t
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e
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t
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o
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mp
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t
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s
.
b)
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f
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w
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p
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c
h
a
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c
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c
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a
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c
o
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o
my
p
r
a
c
t
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s
.
c)
Th
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t
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d
y
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.
g
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,
g
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st
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sp
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c
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f
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c
,
r
e
g
u
l
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t
o
r
y
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n
v
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r
o
n
me
n
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s)
c
o
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d
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mp
a
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t
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o
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l
f
r
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me
w
o
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k
s.
*
N
A
:
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
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o
n
i
s
n
o
t
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
G
.
F
.
F
r
e
d
e
r
i
c
o
,
“
F
r
o
m
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
4
.
0
t
o
s
u
p
p
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y
c
h
a
i
n
5
.
0
:
f
i
n
d
i
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g
s
f
r
o
m
a
sy
s
t
e
mat
i
c
l
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t
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e
v
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