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c
e
l
l
s
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
t
c
a
n
h
e
l
p
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
ne
wh
e
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
c
e
l
l
i
s
v
a
li
d.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
OC
V
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
pe
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
t
a
s
k
i
n
M
F
C
.
M
a
ny
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
t
h
e
OC
V
pr
e
di
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
M
F
C
,
whi
c
h
c
a
n
be
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
z
e
d
i
n
t
o
s
tat
i
c
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
mi
c
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
i
c
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
de
t
y
pe
,
s
i
z
e
,
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
pr
oto
n
e
x
c
ha
n
ge
m
e
m
b
r
a
ne
(
P
E
M
)
,
a
n
d
c
h
a
m
be
r
de
s
i
g
n
,
a
r
e
pr
e
-
de
f
i
ne
d
be
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
ns
s
t
a
r
t.
H
o
we
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
mi
c
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
s
u
bs
t
r
a
t
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
,
a
n
d
pH,
po
s
e
a
c
h
a
l
l
e
nge
t
o
f
i
x
t
h
r
o
ug
h
o
ut
t
h
e
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
6]
.
T
h
e
s
e
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
l
y
c
h
a
nge
dur
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
pr
o
c
e
s
s
,
m
a
k
i
ng
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
too
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
t
o
pr
e
di
c
t
t
h
e
OC
V.
T
hi
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
xi
t
y
i
s
a
f
a
s
c
i
na
t
i
n
g
a
s
pe
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
hi
g
hli
g
ht
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
i
c
a
c
i
e
s
o
f
OC
V
i
n
M
F
C
.
OC
V
wa
s
f
i
r
s
t
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
i
n
M
F
C
by
C
h
o
i
d
e
t
al
.
[
7]
to
i
nv
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
i
t
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
us
i
ng
a
l
ka
l
o
p
hil
i
c
B
a
c
il
l
u
s
s
p.
L
a
t
e
r
,
m
a
ny
s
t
ud
i
e
s
we
r
e
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
o
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
s
pe
c
t
s
to
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
t
he
M
F
C
’
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
us
i
ng
OC
V.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
s
t
udi
e
s
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
e
o
n
i
m
pr
o
vi
n
g
t
h
e
O
C
V
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
s
.
Onl
y
a
f
e
w
s
t
ud
i
e
s
we
r
e
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
i
nput
a
n
d
o
ut
pu
t
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
due
to
a
l
a
c
k
o
f
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
r
e
c
e
n
t
s
tud
i
e
s
us
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
(
M
L
A
)
to
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
,
po
we
r
de
n
s
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
o
xy
ge
n
de
m
a
n
d
(
C
OD
)
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
v
a
r
i
o
us
i
nput
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
P
o
we
r
de
ns
i
t
y
i
s
m
a
i
n
ly
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
n
o
u
t
pu
t
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
i
n
put
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
me
m
b
r
a
n
e
t
hi
c
k
n
e
s
s
,
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
f
e
e
d
r
a
t
i
o
,
pH,
a
n
d
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
[
8
]
,
[
9]
.
T
e
r
m
i
na
l
v
o
l
t
a
ge
h
a
s
a
l
s
o
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
n
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
i
n
a
f
e
w
s
t
ud
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
wa
s
t
e
wa
t
e
r
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
de
s
ur
f
a
c
e
,
a
n
d
b
a
c
t
e
r
i
a
c
o
un
t
[
10
]
.
T
a
bl
e
1
s
um
m
a
r
i
z
e
s
i
n
put
a
n
d
o
u
t
pu
t
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
us
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
c
e
n
t
M
F
C
s
t
ud
i
e
s
us
i
n
g
M
L
A
.
T
a
bl
e
1.
I
n
put
a
n
d
o
u
t
pu
t
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
i
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
s
t
udi
e
s
f
o
r
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hniques
o
f
M
F
C
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
i
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
s
t
udi
e
s
I
nput
pa
r
a
me
t
e
r
O
ut
put
pa
r
a
me
t
e
r
M
a
c
hi
ne
la
ngua
ge
us
e
f
o
r
a
na
l
y
s
is
O
pt
im
iz
a
ti
o
n
te
c
hni
que
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
M
e
mbr
a
ne
t
hi
c
kn
e
s
s
, e
x
t
e
r
na
l
r
e
s
is
ta
nc
e
, a
nd a
no
d
e
a
r
e
a
PD
S
V
R
R
S
M
[
8]
F
e
e
d r
a
ti
o
of
w
a
s
te
s
, p
H
of
a
n
o
d
e
m
e
di
a
, a
nd
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
de
pt
h
PD
M
R
A
R
S
M
[
9]
T
im
e
,
vol
ta
ge
, a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
PD
R
F
R
, A
N
N
a
nd
G
P
R
-
[
11]
P
he
n
o
l
c
o
n
c
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
w
a
s
te
w
a
te
r
c
o
n
c
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n
V
ANN
S
G
G
a
nd
T
S
M
[
10]
D
e
gr
e
e
of
s
ul
pho
na
ti
o
n, a
e
r
a
ti
o
n
r
a
te
, P
t
L
o
a
d
P
D
, C
O
D
G
B
R
a
nd
R
F
R
PSO
[
12]
Y
e
a
s
t
c
o
n
c
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n a
nd w
a
s
te
w
a
te
r
c
o
n
c
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n
P
D
a
nd
C
O
D
ANN
R
S
M
[
13]
I
n
f
lu
e
nt
C
O
D
, V
F
A
, h
y
dr
a
ul
i
c
r
e
t
e
nt
i
o
n t
im
e
, a
nd
a
no
d
e
e
l
e
c
tr
o
d
e
s
ur
f
a
c
e
a
r
e
a
P
D
a
nd
C
O
D
ANN
-
[
14]
S
ubs
tr
a
te
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n,
f
u
e
l
f
e
e
d
f
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
, a
nd
oxy
g
e
n
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
ti
o
n
PD
ANN
H
H
O
[
15]
D
e
gr
e
e
of
s
ul
pho
na
ti
o
n, a
e
r
a
ti
o
n
r
a
te
, P
t
l
o
a
d
V
, P
D
a
nd
C
O
D
ANN
S
O
O
a
nd
M
O
O
[
16]
V
o
lt
a
g
e
C
O
D
S
V
R
-
[
17]
P
D
:
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
ns
it
y
|
V
:
t
e
r
mi
na
l
vo
lt
a
g
e
|
C
O
D
:
c
he
mi
c
a
l
oxy
g
e
n
de
ma
nd
|
C
E
:
c
o
ul
o
mbi
c
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
|
A
N
N
:
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
n
e
ur
a
l
ne
tw
o
r
k
|
R
F
R
:
r
a
ndo
m
f
or
e
s
ts
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n
|
M
R
A
:
mul
ti
pl
e
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
io
n
a
na
l
y
s
is
|
G
B
R
:
gr
a
di
e
nt
b
oo
s
t
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n
|
G
P
R
:
ga
us
s
ia
n
pr
oc
e
s
s
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n
|
S
V
R
:
s
uppo
r
t
ve
c
t
o
r
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n
|
P
S
O
:
pa
r
ti
c
le
s
w
a
n
o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
|
S
O
O
:
s
in
gl
e
-
o
bj
e
c
t
o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
|
M
O
O
:
mul
ti
-
o
bj
e
c
t
o
pt
im
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
|
H
H
O
:
H
a
r
r
is
H
a
w
k'
s
o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
|
S
C
G
:
s
c
a
l
e
d
c
o
nj
uga
te
gr
a
di
e
nt
|
T
S
M
:
ti
me
s
e
r
ie
s
m
o
d
e
l
|
R
S
M
:
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
ur
f
a
c
e
me
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
M
F
C
c
o
n
t
a
i
ns
va
r
i
o
us
i
n
put
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
t
h
a
t
i
nf
l
u
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
,
m
a
k
i
ng
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
.
S
o
,
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
de
l
i
s
u
ns
u
i
t
a
bl
e
f
o
r
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
.
T
h
us
,
r
e
c
e
n
t
s
t
udi
e
s
w
i
de
ly
u
s
e
M
L
As
to
p
r
e
di
c
t
,
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
,
a
nd
o
p
t
i
mi
z
e
t
h
e
M
F
C
o
u
t
pu
t
[
18
]
.
M
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
s
a
c
o
m
put
e
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
t
h
a
t
us
e
s
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
i
ge
n
c
e
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
.
M
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
us
e
s
pr
e
vi
o
us
da
t
a
to
l
e
a
r
n
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
pr
e
d
i
c
t
t
h
e
f
ut
ur
e
o
u
t
pu
t
.
A
NN
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
us
e
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R
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H
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us
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[
20]
R
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a
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[
21]
ANN
I
t
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or
ks
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it
h n
o
is
e
.
I
t
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n ha
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put
.
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a
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d f
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T
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[
21]
D
T
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a
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[
21]
S
V
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[
21]
F
r
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w,
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V
f
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a
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tot
a
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d
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(
T
DS)
,
pH
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a
n
d
T
e
m
pe
r
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t
ur
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di
c
t
t
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OC
V
us
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e
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L
As
.
2.
M
E
T
HO
D
T
h
e
a
ut
h
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r
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l
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s
t
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g
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t
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o
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r
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l
a
t
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t
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s
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bs
t
r
a
t
e
pH,
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
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e
,
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d
T
DS
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t
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a
c
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s
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r
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r
s
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n
d
t
h
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a
t
t
e
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t
a
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s
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l
e
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c
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be
r
a
i
r
c
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t
h
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de
M
F
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us
e
d
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t
hi
s
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s
t
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g
a
t
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n
.
2.
1
.
Cons
t
r
u
c
t
ion
of
c
h
am
b
e
r
A
p
l
a
s
t
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f
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t
a
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e
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h
d
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e
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340
mm
×
240
mm
×
140
m
m
(
m
a
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u
m
c
a
pa
c
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t
y
i
s
10.
0
L
)
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s
us
e
d
a
s
t
h
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c
ha
m
be
r
to
h
o
l
d
hy
dr
o
c
a
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b
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s
u
b
s
t
r
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e
or
a
n
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T
h
e
n
,
a
h
o
l
e
40
m
m
i
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d
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a
m
e
t
e
r
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