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.
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h
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o
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i
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S
R
AM
c
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h
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r
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nv
o
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OSF
E
T
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I
n
a
7
T
S
R
AM
,
A
ka
s
h
e
a
n
d
S
h
a
r
m
a
[
12]
pr
o
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
r
e
du
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
po
we
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y
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o
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t
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k
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ub
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p
o
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ga
t
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e
f
f
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t
i
ve
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duc
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ng
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t
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k
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ge
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ur
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ll
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m
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g
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h
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l
-
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d
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k
8T
S
R
A
M
c
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l
l
,
a
s
o
u
t
l
in
e
d
[
1
3
],
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ly
r
e
duc
e
s
l
e
a
ka
g
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n
t
hi
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hi
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l
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t
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n
l
e
a
ka
g
e
po
we
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.
M
o
r
a
di
e
t
al.
[
14
]
pr
o
p
o
s
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d
a
n
o
v
e
l
S
R
AM
de
s
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g
n
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y
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on
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l
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ow
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.
3
V
,
w
h
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tr
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m
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or
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Z
h
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
i
nve
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
t
h
r
e
e
d
i
s
t
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t
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ls
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T
h
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l
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c
o
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tr
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t
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L
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ge
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ge
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l
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(
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L
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l
o
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t
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n
g
s
t
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t
ur
e
s
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T
a
bl
e
1
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um
m
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r
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f
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E
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b
a
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S
R
AM
de
s
i
g
n
c
e
ll
s
[
16]
.
A
hm
a
d
e
t
al.
[
17
]
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
e
l
l
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
i
ng
11T
to
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m
pr
o
v
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a
d
S
NM
a
n
d
wr
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t
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NM
whil
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r
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u
m
pt
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T
hi
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gur
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de
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pe
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to
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nm
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h
n
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c
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ds
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upi
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A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
T
i
wa
r
i
e
t
al.
[
18]
,
S
R
A
M
c
e
l
ls
t
y
p
i
c
a
ll
y
f
e
a
t
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r
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r
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h
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r
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L
,
a
r
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t
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by
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pe
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T
h
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pr
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r
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d
v
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t
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ge
s
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l
ude
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e
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(
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k
a
g
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)
.
L
a
ks
hmi
a
n
d
K
a
m
a
r
a
j
u
[
19]
pr
e
s
e
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t
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d
a
n
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F
i
n
F
E
T
S
R
AM
c
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A
l
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w
s
t
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t
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y
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s
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m
a
r
g
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n
(
S
NM
)
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n
r
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a
d
m
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m
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y
s
ugg
e
s
t
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nc
r
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p
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t
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e
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o
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u
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s
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o
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e
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t
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f
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t
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mi
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t
i
o
n
,
w
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t
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f
u
n
c
t
i
o
ns
b
e
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ng
e
f
f
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t
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v
e
ly
i
s
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l
a
t
e
d.
An
i
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
R
A
M
t
e
c
hn
o
l
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g
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h
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s
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pr
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t
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d,
f
o
c
us
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ng
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n
a
c
hi
e
vi
ng
l
o
w
po
we
r
c
o
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s
u
m
pt
i
o
n
a
n
d
hi
g
h
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
[
20]
,
[
21]
.
I
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
to
m
i
n
im
i
z
e
l
e
a
k
a
ge
c
ur
r
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n
t
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n
d
s
h
o
r
t
c
h
a
nn
e
l
e
f
f
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c
t
s
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n
de
e
p
-
s
u
bm
i
c
r
o
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
,
F
i
nF
E
T
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
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y
h
a
s
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ppe
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r
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vi
a
bl
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c
h
o
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c
e
to
b
u
l
k
F
E
T
s
.
I
t
s
a
dv
a
n
t
a
ge
o
us
de
vi
c
e
pr
o
pe
r
t
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e
s
r
e
n
de
r
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t
we
l
l
-
s
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i
t
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f
o
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t
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e
de
s
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g
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o
f
n
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n
o
-
s
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l
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m
e
m
o
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y
c
i
r
c
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i
t
s
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pa
r
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c
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l
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l
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g
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ve
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nf
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c
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p
r
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dur
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a
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t
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n
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l
t
r
a
-
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o
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m
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t
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ds
.
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o
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s
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que
n
t
l
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,
F
i
n
-
F
E
T
s
a
r
e
ga
i
ni
ng
po
pul
a
r
i
t
y
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n
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n
du
s
t
r
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wi
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to
t
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r
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f
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n
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y
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S
i
n
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e
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t
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t
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t
h
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C
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n
dus
t
r
y
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a
s
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g
nif
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p
ha
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t
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pe
r
f
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r
m
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r
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m
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t
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s
l
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ke
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e
a
ka
g
e
,
s
pe
e
d,
po
we
r
a
n
d
de
l
a
y
[
22]
.
T
h
e
r
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
e
s
c
a
l
a
t
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o
n
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n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
to
a
tt
a
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x
t
r
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m
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t
h
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o
ugh
put
f
r
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m
t
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tt
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,
pa
r
t
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c
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ni
ng
t
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po
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s
o
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r
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v
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l
t
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ge
.
T
hi
s
pur
s
u
i
t
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s
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o
r
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e
r
s
to
n
e
o
f
M
o
or
e
’
s
L
a
w.
J
i
a
n
g
e
t
al
.
[
23]
n
ot
e
a
s
c
a
r
c
i
t
y
o
f
s
t
udi
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s
c
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f
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r
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to
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P
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umpt
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o
n
1.
R
a
v
ik
is
hor
e
a
nd N
a
ndhi
th
a
[
25]
D
e
s
ig
ne
d a
6
T
-
S
R
A
M
us
in
g
F
in
F
E
T
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
o
pt
im
i
z
e
de
la
y
.
P
r
o
pa
ga
ti
o
n d
e
la
y
i
s
33.28 pS
NA
2.
V
a
ll
a
bhuni
e
t
al
.
[
26]
C
o
mpa
r
a
ti
ve
v
a
li
da
ti
o
n
of
S
R
A
M
c
e
ll
s
de
s
ig
n
e
d us
in
g
F
in
F
E
T
.
P
r
o
pa
ga
ti
o
n d
e
la
y
i
s
0.2943 ns
e
c
,
0.915ns
e
c
a
nd 0.2255 ns
e
c
a
t
V
DD
=
0.1
vo
lt
f
o
r
7, 8 a
nd 9
tr
a
ns
is
to
r
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
ns
umpt
i
o
n i
s
1.224
μ
W
,
1.239 μ
W
a
nd 6990 μ
W
a
t
V
DD
=
0.1 vo
lt
f
or
7,8 a
nd 9
tr
a
ns
is
to
r
s
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
3.
M
us
ht
a
q
a
nd
S
ha
r
ma
[
27]
D
e
s
ig
n a
nd a
na
l
y
s
is
of
I
N
D
E
P
F
in
F
E
T
S
R
A
M
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l
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t
7‐
nm
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hn
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g
y
.
P
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pa
ga
ti
o
n d
e
la
y
i
s
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e
c
a
nd 13.98 ps
e
c
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r
e
a
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l
y
.
L
e
a
ka
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p
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w
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r
is
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W
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10.68 μ
W
f
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r
a
w
r
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a
nd r
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a
d
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ti
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ti
ve
l
y
.
P
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ti
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la
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s
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e
c
a
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e
c
f
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a
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L
e
a
ka
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p
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w
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r
is
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W
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7.26 μ
W
f
o
r
a
w
r
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e
a
nd r
e
a
d
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r
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ti
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n r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
4.
D
ua
r
i
e
t
al
.
[
28]
D
e
s
ig
n a
dua
l
po
r
t
8
T
S
R
A
M
c
e
ll
us
in
g
F
in
F
E
T
a
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M
O
S
lo
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c
f
or
l
e
a
ka
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e
r
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du
c
ti
o
n a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
d s
ta
bi
li
t
y
.
NA
L
e
a
ka
ge
p
o
w
e
r
is
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pW
a
nd
5.63
nW
a
t
0.5 V f
o
r
F
in
F
E
T
ba
s
e
d a
nd C
M
O
S
ba
s
e
d S
R
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M
r
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s
pe
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ti
ve
l
y
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L
e
a
ka
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p
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w
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r
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572
pW
a
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nW
a
t
0.9 V f
o
r
F
in
F
E
T
ba
s
e
d a
nd C
M
O
S
ba
s
e
d S
R
A
M
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
5.
B
ir
la
e
t
al
.
[
29
]
P
e
r
f
or
ma
n
c
e
a
na
l
y
s
is
of
8
T
F
in
F
E
T
S
R
A
M
B
it
-
c
e
ll
.
NA
T
h
e
l
e
a
ka
ge
p
o
w
e
r
i
s
12.61 nW
a
t
0.5 V a
nd 8.92
nW
f
o
r
I
G
S
R
A
M
.
6.
T
u
r
i
a
nd
D
e
lg
a
d
o
-
F
r
ia
s
[
2]
D
e
s
ig
n 6
T
a
nd 8
T
F
in
F
E
T
S
R
A
M
s
c
e
ll
s
us
in
g r
e
ve
r
s
e
-
bi
a
s
e
d F
in
F
E
T
s
a
nd p
o
w
e
r
ga
ti
ng t
e
c
hni
que
.
NA
P
o
w
e
r
c
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umpt
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n a
nd s
pe
e
d
bo
th
a
r
e
r
e
du
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e
d.
7.
V
e
r
ma
e
t
al
.
[
30]
D
e
s
ig
n
10
-
t
r
a
ns
is
to
r
S
R
A
M
us
in
g F
in
F
E
T
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
.
W
r
it
e
m
o
d
e
W
r
it
e
m
o
d
e
F
or
6
-
t
r
a
ns
is
to
r
:
0.0219 nS
F
or
6
-
t
r
a
ns
is
to
r
:
0.0236 μ
W
F
or
8
-
t
r
a
ns
is
to
r
:
0.0383 nS
F
or
8
-
t
r
a
ns
is
to
r
:
0.0268 μ
W
8.
E
ns
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
31]
D
e
s
ig
n a
l
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
s
in
gl
e
-
e
nd
e
d S
R
A
M
us
in
g F
in
F
E
T
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
.
P
r
o
pa
ga
ti
o
n d
e
la
y
i
s
394 ps
e
c
a
nd
318 ps
e
c
f
or
a
r
e
a
d a
nd w
r
it
e
s
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
A
ve
r
a
ge
p
o
w
e
r
:
1.77 μ
W
9.
E
ns
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
32]
D
e
s
ig
n a
l
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
a
r
-
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
S
R
A
M
us
in
g F
in
F
E
T
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
.
P
r
o
pa
ga
ti
o
n d
e
la
y
i
s
491.8 ps
e
c
a
nd 230.46
ps
e
c
f
o
r
a
r
e
a
d a
nd
w
r
it
e
s
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
T
h
e
a
ve
r
a
g
e
a
nd s
ta
ti
c
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
ns
umpt
i
o
n i
s
137.66 nW
a
nd
5.17
nW
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
2.
CONV
E
NT
I
ON
AL
S
RA
M
CE
L
L
2
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.
S
RA
M
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l
l
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s
in
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6
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r
an
s
is
t
o
r
M
i
s
h
r
a
a
n
d
A
ka
s
h
e
[
33]
de
f
i
ne
d
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
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n
t
i
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a
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u
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S
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C
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h
n
o
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o
g
y
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s
S
R
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l
l
whi
c
h
go
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s
un
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a
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d
v
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.
A
6T
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pr
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x
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NM
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Am
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1]
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l.
2022, 2022, d
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3963188.
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2]
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l.
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. 4, pp. 765
–
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. 12, pp. 6719
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i:
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12633
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01392
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x.
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6
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.2794.
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8
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