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n
e
e
l
s
e
’
s
i
n
t
e
l
l
e
c
t
ua
l
wo
r
k
-
b
e
i
t
t
e
x
t
s
,
i
de
a
s
,
o
r
f
i
n
d
i
ng
s
-
a
n
d
pa
s
s
i
ng
i
t
o
f
f
a
s
o
n
e
’
s
o
wn
,
whi
c
h
c
a
n
o
c
c
ur
e
i
t
h
e
r
de
l
i
be
r
a
t
e
l
y
o
r
i
n
a
d
ve
r
t
e
n
t
l
y
[
5]
,
[
6]
.
Kh
a
d
il
ka
r
[
7]
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
c
a
n
e
n
c
o
m
pa
s
s
a
w
i
de
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
i
de
a
s
,
c
o
n
c
e
pt
s
,
hy
po
t
h
e
s
e
s
,
t
i
t
l
e
s
,
t
e
x
t
,
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
da
t
a
,
di
s
c
us
s
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
e
v
e
n
vi
s
ua
l
a
n
d
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
h
a
r
t
s
,
t
a
bl
e
s
,
f
i
gur
e
s
,
a
nd
vi
d
e
o
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
ny
c
o
m
po
n
e
n
t
o
f
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
l
y
wo
r
k
c
a
n
b
e
s
us
c
e
pt
i
bl
e
t
o
pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
w
or
d
c
o
un
t
,
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
i
s
de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
t
h
e
r
e
pe
t
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
i
x
c
o
n
s
e
c
ut
i
v
e
wo
r
ds
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
o
f
s
e
v
e
n
to
e
l
e
ve
n
wo
r
ds
w
i
t
hi
n
a
t
hi
r
t
y
-
wo
r
d
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
[
8
]
.
W
h
e
n
o
nly
o
n
e
i
t
e
m
i
s
or
i
g
i
na
l
a
n
d
a
ny
dup
li
c
a
t
e
s
a
r
e
c
o
pi
e
s
,
us
i
ng
s
uc
h
c
o
pi
e
s
w
i
t
h
o
ut
pe
r
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
ut
e
s
pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
[
9]
.
P
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
s
t
a
n
ds
a
s
a
hi
g
hly
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
s
s
u
e
w
i
t
hi
n
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
m
s
o
f
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
n
d
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
10]
.
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
ns
t
i
t
ut
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
ur
ge
d
to
a
dd
r
e
s
s
pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
t
h
r
o
ugh
a
m
u
l
t
i
f
a
c
e
t
e
d
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
h
a
t
f
o
s
t
e
r
s
a
c
l
im
a
t
e
o
f
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
i
n
t
e
gr
i
t
y
a
n
d
h
o
n
e
s
t
y
[
11]
.
I
n
to
da
y
’
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
pe
,
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
i
s
a
pr
e
v
a
l
e
n
t
i
s
s
ue
,
w
i
t
h
a
c
a
de
mi
c
d
i
s
h
o
n
e
s
t
y
b
e
i
ng
a
l
o
n
g
-
s
t
a
nd
i
n
g
c
h
a
ll
e
n
ge
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
ve
ly
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
d
i
n
hi
g
h
e
r
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
[
12]
.
S
t
udi
e
s
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
a
n
d
a
c
a
de
mi
c
di
s
h
o
n
e
s
t
y
o
f
t
e
n
s
t
e
m
f
r
o
m
i
n
a
de
qu
a
t
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
t
hi
nk
i
ng,
li
mi
t
e
d
a
c
a
de
mi
c
E
n
g
li
s
h
wr
i
t
i
ng
s
k
il
l
s
,
a
n
d
c
ha
l
l
e
n
ge
s
f
a
c
e
d
by
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
i
n
c
o
un
t
r
i
e
s
w
h
e
r
e
E
n
g
l
is
h
i
s
n
o
t
t
h
e
m
o
t
h
e
r
to
n
gue
[
13]
,
[
14]
.
F
ur
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
r
i
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
put
e
r
s
h
a
s
f
a
c
il
i
t
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
i
ng
o
f
li
ngu
i
s
t
i
c
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
f
o
r
n
on
-
n
a
t
i
ve
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
-
s
pe
a
k
i
ng
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
,
t
h
us
c
o
n
tr
i
b
ut
i
ng
to
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
xi
t
y
o
f
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
i
s
s
ue
s
[
15]
.
T
o
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
l
y
c
o
m
b
a
t
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
,
a
t
h
r
e
e
-
l
a
y
e
r
e
d
m
o
de
l
i
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
de
d.
T
hi
s
m
o
de
l
o
r
ga
ni
z
e
s
t
h
e
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
i
n
t
o
i
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng
ly
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
:
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
ds
(
c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
)
,
pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
de
t
e
c
ti
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
too
l
s
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
)
,
a
n
d
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
po
l
i
c
i
e
s
(
i
n
s
t
i
t
ut
i
o
n
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
ks
)
[
16]
.
T
hi
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
a
i
m
s
to
p
r
o
vi
de
a
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
ns
i
ve
un
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
ng
a
n
d
pr
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
ng
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
i
n
t
e
gr
i
t
y
a
n
d
uph
o
l
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
qua
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
n
d
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
P
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
de
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
too
l
s
a
r
e
c
r
uc
i
a
l
i
n
m
a
i
n
t
a
ini
ng
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
gr
i
t
y
o
f
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
ly
wo
r
k.
T
h
e
y
h
e
l
p
v
e
r
i
f
y
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
na
l
i
t
y
o
f
m
a
n
us
c
r
i
pt
s
a
n
d
up
h
o
l
d
a
c
a
de
mi
c
s
t
a
n
da
r
ds
[
17]
.
T
h
e
s
e
t
oo
l
s
ut
i
l
i
z
e
a
“
s
im
il
a
r
i
t
y
i
nde
x
”
w
hi
c
h
qua
n
t
i
f
i
e
s
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
x
t
i
n
a
m
a
n
us
c
r
i
pt
wi
t
h
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
publi
s
he
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
[
18]
.
Al
t
h
o
ugh
a
us
e
f
u
l
m
e
a
s
ur
e
,
t
h
e
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
t
y
i
nd
e
x
i
s
d
i
s
t
i
nc
t
f
r
o
m
a
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
i
nd
e
x
a
n
d
do
e
s
n
o
t
d
i
r
e
c
t
ly
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
i
s
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
z
e
d
[
19]
,
[
20]
.
Hi
g
h
e
r
s
im
il
a
r
i
t
y
i
nd
i
c
e
s
m
a
y
pr
o
m
pt
f
ur
t
h
e
r
s
c
r
ut
i
ny
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
,
a
s
t
h
e
y
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
m
o
r
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
ve
tex
t
ua
l
m
a
t
c
he
s
,
whi
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
gr
o
un
ds
f
o
r
s
us
pi
c
i
o
n
o
f
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
f
o
r
a
c
c
e
pt
a
bl
e
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
t
y
va
r
i
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
j
o
ur
na
l
e
d
i
t
o
r
s
;
w
hil
e
s
o
m
e
m
a
y
a
c
c
e
pt
a
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
t
y
up
to
5%
,
ot
h
e
r
s
m
i
g
h
t
r
e
qui
r
e
s
tr
i
c
t
e
r
s
t
a
n
da
r
ds
,
wi
t
h
s
im
il
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
a
b
o
ve
10%
p
ot
e
n
t
i
a
ll
y
l
e
a
d
i
ng
t
o
m
a
n
us
c
r
i
pt
r
e
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
[
21]
-
[
24]
.
I
n
l
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
hi
s
,
i
t
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
l
y
j
o
ur
na
l
s
t
o
c
l
e
a
r
ly
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
i
r
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
po
l
i
c
i
e
s
i
n
a
ut
h
o
r
gui
de
l
i
ne
s
a
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
i
r
we
b
s
i
t
e
s
to
e
n
s
ur
e
tr
a
n
s
pa
r
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
f
a
i
r
ne
s
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
bmi
s
s
i
o
n
pr
o
c
e
s
s
[
25]
.
I
n
t
e
r
e
s
ti
ng
ly
,
r
e
vi
e
ws
o
f
t
e
n
s
h
o
w
hi
g
h
e
r
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
t
y
i
nd
ice
s
t
h
a
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
due
to
t
h
e
n
a
t
ur
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
;
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
o
duc
t
i
o
n
be
i
ng
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
omm
o
nl
y
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
z
e
d
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
[
26]
.
T
o
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ly
c
o
m
b
a
t
pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
,
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
s
m
us
t
a
dh
e
r
e
to
r
i
go
r
o
us
e
t
h
i
c
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
r
e
d
i
t
i
n
g
o
r
i
g
i
na
l
i
de
a
s
,
qu
ot
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[
28
]
,
[
34]
.
Our
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da
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e
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n
c
l
ud
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ng
47
bi
ll
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o
n
we
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pa
ge
s
,
190
m
il
l
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o
n
a
c
a
de
mi
c
pa
pe
r
s
,
a
n
d
1.
9
bi
ll
i
o
n
s
t
ude
n
t
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
[
29
]
,
[
35
]
.
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
,
b
o
t
h
s
o
f
t
wa
r
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too
l
s
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ppe
a
r
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qua
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ly
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f
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c
t
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s
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m
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a
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ly
z
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d.
C
o
m
pa
r
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t
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s
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mi
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r
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y
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pr
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duc
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by
d
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pl
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m
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by
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T
h
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n
t
i
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n
d
Our
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g
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na
l
[
36]
.
T
h
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m
a
n
u
s
c
r
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pt
un
d
e
r
we
n
t
a
p
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r
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m
c
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T
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t
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T
ur
n
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a
n
d
Ur
kun
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s
o
f
t
wa
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t
h
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l
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to
b
e
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n
b
o
t
h
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T
h
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t
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d
Ur
kun
d
,
a
n
d
T
ur
ni
t
i
n
f
o
un
d
13%
[
37]
.
O
t
h
e
r
pl
a
g
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a
r
i
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m
de
t
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t
i
o
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r
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t
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f
r
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i
T
h
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t
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r
kun
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a
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d
T
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ni
t
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h
o
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l
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m
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n
t
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wi
t
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T
h
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t
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d
T
ur
ni
t
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h
a
vi
ng
12%
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n
d
5%
m
o
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m
a
t
c
he
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
to
Ur
kun
d
’
s
1%
[
38]
.
T
h
e
s
t
udy
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
by
B
a
s
ka
r
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
39]
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
77
e
x
t
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ns
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ve
ly
r
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f
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r
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un
d
t
h
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T
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pa
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t
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ly
l
o
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r
a
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im
il
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t
h
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T
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do
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r
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Our
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po
r
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a
6%
s
i
mi
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a
r
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o
we
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n
o
s
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mi
l
a
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t
y
a
t
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[
40]
.
Ni
n
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x
t
-
m
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s
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f
t
wa
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pr
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m
s
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d
f
o
r
p
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a
g
i
a
r
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m
de
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t
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o
n
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f
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do
c
u
m
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n
t
s
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a
n
d
t
h
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r
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s
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l
t
s
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bl
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ude
T
ur
ni
t
i
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i
T
h
e
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t
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P
l
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A
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g
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c
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n
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n
d
S
t
r
i
ke
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l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
.
c
o
m
[
41]
.
W
h
e
n
c
o
m
pa
r
i
ng
i
T
he
n
t
i
c
a
t
e
a
n
d
Gr
a
m
m
a
r
ly
(
pa
i
d)
a
n
d
Dup
l
i
C
h
e
c
k
e
r
a
n
d
S
m
a
l
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S
E
O
too
l
s
(
f
r
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e
)
us
i
n
g
100
a
r
t
i
c
l
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s
,
Gr
a
m
m
a
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t
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hi
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pe
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m
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h
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t
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.
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h
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f
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l
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v
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r
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h
a
n
t
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r
pa
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d
c
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un
t
e
r
pa
r
t
s
[
42]
.
F
r
e
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pl
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
d
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t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
wa
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t
y
p
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a
ll
y
o
nly
a
s
s
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s
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s
t
e
x
t
s
i
m
il
a
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
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s
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dva
n
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e
d
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f
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-
b
a
s
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d
i
T
h
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n
t
i
c
a
t
e
[
23]
.
I
n
a
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
f
o
c
us
i
ng
o
n
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
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d
f
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t
ur
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s
a
m
o
n
g
f
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t
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t
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l
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i
T
h
e
n
t
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t
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c
o
n
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t
l
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s
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ur
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t
h
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o
p
p
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s
i
t
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o
n
[
43]
.
J
a
i
n
e
t
al.
[
44]
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
25
m
a
n
u
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c
r
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pt
s
a
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d
f
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d
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T
h
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nt
i
c
a
t
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t
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f
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t
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t
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m
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a
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t
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l
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we
d
by
P
l
a
g
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a
r
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s
m
C
he
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ke
r
X
a
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Vi
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s
t
udy
a
na
lyz
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310
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c
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im
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y
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qua
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[
45]
.
T
hi
s
s
t
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y
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v
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d
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pe
r
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m
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t
we
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t
h
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w
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s
o
f
t
wa
r
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p
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gr
a
m
s
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Ho
we
v
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r
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c
o
m
pa
r
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d
to
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h
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Our
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g
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T
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,
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r
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T
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t
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t
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d
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u
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.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
f
i
nd
i
ngs
,
t
h
e
r
e
we
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[
1]
N
.
D
a
s
a
nd
M
.
P
a
nj
a
bi
,
“
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la
gi
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r
is
m:
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h
y
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it
s
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is
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o
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me
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l
w
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te
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s
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r
s
pe
c
ti
v
e
s
in
C
li
ni
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al
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
ol
.
2,
no
. 2, p. 67, 2011, d
o
i:
10.4103/2229
-
3485.80370.
[
2]
M
.
J
oy
a
nd
M
.
L
u
c
k,
“
P
la
gi
a
r
is
m
in
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o
gr
a
mm
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nme
nt
s
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E
E
E
T
r
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ac
ti
ons
on
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duc
at
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n
,
vo
l.
42,
n
o
.
2,
pp.
129
–
133,
M
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y
1999, d
o
i
:
10.1109/13.762946.
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I
S
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3
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3
,
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r
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h
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2
5
:
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9
6
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[
3]
S
.
H
a
nna
bus
s
,
“
C
o
nt
e
s
te
d
t
e
x
ts
:
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s
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of
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a
gi
a
r
is
m,”
L
ib
r
ar
y
M
anage
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e
nt
,
vo
l.
22,
n
o
.
6/
7,
pp.
311
–
318,
S
e
p.
20
01,
do
i:
10.1108/
E
U
M
0000000005595.
[
4]
P
.
K
uma
r
,
N
.
P
r
i
y
a
,
S
.
M
us
a
la
ia
h,
a
nd
M
.
N
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g
a
s
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e
e
,
“
K
n
o
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g
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nd
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voi
di
ng
pl
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gi
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r
is
m
dur
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s
c
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nt
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f
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A
nnal
s
of
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e
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c
al
and He
al
th
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
4, n
o
. 9,
p. 193, 2014, do
i:
10.4103/2141
-
9248.141957.
[
5]
G
.
H
e
lg
e
s
s
o
n
a
nd
S
.
E
r
ik
s
s
o
n,
“
P
la
gi
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r
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m
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r
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e
tt
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ood:
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c
al
Sc
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nc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
18,
no
. 1, pp. 262
–
273, F
e
b. 2018, d
o
i:
10.1007/s
11019
-
014
-
9583
-
8.
[
6]
B
.
J
oo
b
a
nd
V
.
W
iwa
ni
tk
it
,
“
P
la
gi
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r
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m:
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s
pe
c
ti
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li
n
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al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
9, n
o
. 3, p. 151, 2018, d
o
i:
10.4103/pi
c
r
.
P
I
C
R
_17_18.
[
7]
S
. S
.
K
ha
di
lk
a
r
, “
T
h
e
pl
a
gu
e
of
pl
a
gi
a
r
is
m:
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e
ve
nt
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n
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our
nal
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bs
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s
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ne
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ol
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o
f
I
ndi
a
, vo
l.
68, n
o. 6,
pp. 425
–
431, De
c
. 2018, d
oi
:
10.1007/s
13224
-
018
-
1182
-
9.
[
8]
I
.
M
a
s
ic
,
“
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gi
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is
m
in
s
c
ie
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f
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c
ta
I
nf
or
m
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a
M
e
di
c
a
,
v
o
l.
20,
no
.
4,
pp.
208
–
213,
2
012,
do
i:
10.5455/aim.2012.2
0.208
-
213.
[
9]
I
.
M
a
s
ic
,
“
P
la
gi
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r
is
m
i
n
s
c
ie
nt
i
f
i
c
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s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
publ
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c
a
ti
o
ns
a
nd
ho
w
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r
e
ve
nt
i
t,
”
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at
e
r
ia
Soc
io
M
e
di
c
a
,
vo
l.
26,
n
o.
2,
p. 141, 2014, do
i:
10.5455/m
s
m.2014.26.141
-
146.
[
10]
S
.
K
.
C
ha
uha
n,
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
pl
a
gi
a
r
is
m
in
I
ndi
a
dur
in
g
2002
-
2016:
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bi
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io
m
e
tr
ic
a
na
l
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s
is
,”
D
E
SI
D
O
C
J
our
nal
of
L
ib
r
a
r
y
and
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, v
o
l.
38, n
o
. 2, pp. 69
–
74, M
a
r
. 2018, do
i:
1
0.14429/dj
li
t.
38.2.12298.
[
11]
T
.
B
r
e
ta
g,
“
C
ha
ll
e
nge
s
in
a
ddr
e
s
s
in
g
pl
a
gi
a
r
is
m
in
e
duc
a
ti
o
n,”
P
L
oS
M
e
di
c
in
e
,
vo
l.
10,
no
.
12,
pp.
1
–
4,
D
e
c
.
2
013,
do
i:
10.1371/j
o
u
r
na
l.
pm
e
d.1001574.
[
12]
S
.
A
w
a
s
th
i,
“
P
la
gi
a
r
is
m
a
nd
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
mi
s
c
o
ndu
c
t:
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s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
v
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e
w
,”
D
E
S
I
D
O
C
J
our
nal
of
L
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r
ar
y
and
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, vo
l.
39, n
o
. 2, pp. 94
–
100, M
a
r
. 2019, do
i
:
10.144
29/
dj
li
t.
39.2.13622.
[
13]
O
.
Z
im
ba
a
nd
A
.
Y
.
G
a
s
pa
r
y
a
n,
“
P
la
gi
a
r
is
m
de
t
e
c
ti
o
n
a
nd
pr
e
ve
nt
i
o
n:
a
pr
im
e
r
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
,”
R
e
um
at
ol
o
gi
a
,
vo
l.
59,
n
o
.
3,
pp. 132
–
137, J
ul
. 2021, do
i:
10.5114/r
e
um.2021.105974.
[
14]
J
.
R
.
H
ig
gi
ns
,
F
.
-
C
.
L
in
,
a
nd
J
.
P
.
E
v
a
ns
,
“
P
la
gi
a
r
is
m
in
s
ub
mi
tt
e
d
ma
nus
c
r
ip
ts
:
in
c
id
e
n
c
e
,
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
is
ti
c
s
a
nd
o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
on
of
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng
—
c
a
s
e
s
tu
d
y
in
a
ma
j
o
r
s
pe
c
ia
lt
y
m
e
di
c
a
l
j
o
ur
na
l,
”
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e
s
e
ar
c
h
I
nt
e
gr
it
y
and
P
e
e
r
R
e
v
ie
w
,
vo
l.
1,
n
o
.
1,
p.
13,
D
e
c
.
2
016,
do
i:
10.1186/s
41073
-
016
-
0021
-
8.
[
15]
A
.
M
.
R
o
ge
r
s
o
n
a
nd
G
.
M
c
C
a
r
th
y
,
“
U
s
in
g
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
ba
s
e
d
pa
r
a
phr
a
s
in
g
to
o
ls
:
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r
ig
in
a
l
w
or
k,
pa
t
c
hw
r
it
in
g
or
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
d
pl
a
gi
a
r
is
m?
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
f
or
E
duc
at
io
nal
I
nt
e
gr
it
y
, v
o
l.
13, n
o
. 1, p. 2, D
e
c
. 2017, d
o
i:
10.1007/s
40979
-
016
-
0013
-
y.
[
16]
T
.
F
o
lt
ýn
e
k,
N
.
M
e
us
c
hk
e
,
a
nd
B
.
G
ip
p,
“
A
c
a
de
mi
c
pl
a
gi
a
r
is
m
de
te
c
ti
o
n
:
a
s
y
s
te
ma
ti
c
li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
ie
w
,”
A
C
M
C
om
put
in
g
Sur
v
e
y
s
, v
ol
. 52, n
o
. 6,
pp. 1
–
42, Nov
. 2019, d
oi
:
10.1145/3345
317.
[
17]
Y
.
E
s
he
t,
“
T
he
pl
a
gi
a
r
is
m
pa
nde
mi
c
:
i
ns
pe
c
ti
o
n
of
a
c
a
de
m
ic
di
s
ho
n
e
s
t
y
dur
in
g
th
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
o
ut
b
r
e
a
k
us
in
g
or
ig
in
a
li
t
y
s
of
twa
r
e
,”
E
duc
at
io
n and I
nf
or
m
at
io
n T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
, v
o
l.
29, n
o
. 3, pp. 3279
–
3299, J
un. 202
4, d
o
i:
10.1007/s
10639
-
023
-
1196
7
-
3.
[
18]
C
.
A
di
th
a
n
a
nd
A
.
S
ur
e
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M
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S
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P
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it
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k
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A
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y
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i
c
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O
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T
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r
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T
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C
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r
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t
a
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im
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s
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y
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e
le
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t
e
d
t
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r
ms
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r
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th
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li
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r
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e
nt
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l
p
ubl
ic
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ti
o
ns
i
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th
e
f
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e
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f
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e
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ti
ve
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he
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k,”
I
nt
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r
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r
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m
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e
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