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Pro
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am
in
Me
d
ical
I
n
s
tr
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tatio
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Ph
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s
ics,
Facu
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r
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s
tr
u
.
a
c.
th
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
i
g
ital
elev
atio
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m
o
d
el
(
DE
M)
,
also
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
d
ig
ital
ter
r
ai
n
m
o
d
el,
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s
a
cr
u
cial
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r
er
eq
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is
ite
d
ataset
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
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p
licatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
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n
g
m
ap
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en
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r
atio
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,
th
r
ee
-
d
im
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n
s
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n
al
g
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g
r
ap
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in
f
o
r
m
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tem
(
GI
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en
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tal
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d
g
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is
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Dif
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t
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p
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ality
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v
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attain
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b
ased
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s
u
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d
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[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
A
DE
M
is
co
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m
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ly
r
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as a
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tan
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f
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co
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r
n
in
g
s
p
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if
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r
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en
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p
o
in
ts
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
DE
M
m
a
y
b
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u
s
ed
in
h
y
d
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in
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h
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b
a
s
in
b
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r
d
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r
an
d
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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I
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N:
2088
-
8
7
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To
p
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a
p
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flo
w
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ir
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tio
n
mo
d
el:
a
ca
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…
(
P
a
n
jit Mu
s
ik
)
1979
d
ir
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tio
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f
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Usi
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Ar
c
Hy
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cGI
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DE
M
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ain
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e
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etwo
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k
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asin
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tes
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esh
wate
r
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
r
esear
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l
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ca
tio
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[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
W
ith
th
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im
p
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d
[
7
]
–
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
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d
wh
er
e
it
r
ec
eiv
es
wate
r
.
T
h
is
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
th
in
g
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
co
n
tr
o
l,
wate
r
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
f
o
r
f
o
r
estry
,
an
d
ag
r
i
cu
ltu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
an
d
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
u
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
D
8
m
o
d
el,
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
well
-
k
n
o
wn
D8
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ar
g
u
ab
ly
t
h
e
b
asic
v
er
s
io
n
(
h
o
w
to
f
in
d
eig
h
t
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
)
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
D8
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
wid
ely
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
aster
-
b
ased
d
ataset
to
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
an
y
p
ar
ticu
la
r
p
ix
el
w
ith
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
p
ix
els
in
th
e
wate
r
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
o
d
el
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
E
ac
h
c
ell
in
th
e
DE
M
is
ass
ig
n
ed
a
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
c
o
d
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
teep
est
d
o
wn
h
ill
p
ath
to
in
d
icate
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
o
f
f
lo
w.
Flo
w
d
y
n
am
ics
m
o
d
elin
g
h
as
b
ee
n
in
ten
s
iv
ely
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ce
llu
lar
au
to
m
ato
n
r
u
le
s
to
s
im
u
late
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
f
lo
w
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
C
ellu
lar
au
to
m
ata
ar
e
d
is
cr
e
te
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els
u
s
e
d
to
s
im
u
late
d
y
n
am
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
f
ield
s
b
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
s
p
ac
e
in
to
s
im
p
le
ce
lls
with
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
r
u
les.
C
ellu
lar
au
to
m
ata
h
av
e
ev
o
l
v
ed
in
to
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
c
o
m
p
lex
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
i
n
a
wid
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
cien
tific
f
ield
s
.
Mo
r
e
r
ec
en
tly
,
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
u
r
b
a
n
wate
r
a
n
d
u
r
b
a
n
g
r
o
wth
,
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
h
a
r
n
ess
ed
ce
llu
lar
au
to
m
ata
in
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
ex
em
p
lify
th
ei
r
v
er
s
atility
in
s
o
lv
in
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
c
h
allen
g
es
.
Flo
o
d
s
an
d
d
r
o
u
g
h
ts
ar
e
two
d
is
tin
ct
n
atu
r
al
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
,
wh
er
eb
y
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
wild
f
ir
es
is
o
f
ten
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
in
ar
id
an
d
h
o
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ty
p
ical
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
y
s
ea
s
o
n
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
f
lo
o
d
s
,
th
e
Ar
c
Hy
d
r
o
to
o
l
i
n
Ar
cGI
S
o
n
a
DE
M
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
ex
tr
ac
ts
th
e
d
r
ain
ag
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
n
o
v
e
l
wo
r
k
is
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
wate
r
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
aim
ed
at
av
er
tin
g
wild
f
ir
es
i
n
th
e
K
h
u
an
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
lo
ca
ted
in
Nak
h
o
n
Si
T
h
am
m
ar
at,
So
u
th
er
n
T
h
ailan
d
.
R
eg
u
latin
g
th
e
wate
r
tab
le
b
etwe
en
+0
.
3
0
to
+0
.
5
0
m
eter
s
in
t
h
e
ea
r
ly
s
u
m
m
er
p
er
io
d
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
th
e
wate
r
lev
el
in
th
e
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
f
o
r
2
–
3
m
o
n
t
h
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
co
u
l
d
d
ec
lin
e
to
-
0
.
2
0
m
eter
s
in
th
e
late
s
u
m
m
er
.
Ma
th
em
atica
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic,
3
D
t
o
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
an
d
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
im
u
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
a
DE
M
f
r
o
m
th
e
D
ep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
L
an
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
at
a
s
ca
le
o
f
1
:4
0
0
0
i
n
th
e
Kh
u
a
n
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est.
T
h
e
ce
llu
lar
a
u
to
m
ata
(
C
A)
an
d
th
e
D8
alg
o
r
ith
m
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
wate
r
f
lo
w
o
n
a
DE
M
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
W
ater
f
r
o
m
a
g
iv
en
ce
ll
co
u
ld
f
lo
w
in
o
n
e
o
f
ei
g
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
s
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
eig
h
t
ad
jace
n
t
ce
lls
in
th
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
C
A
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
s
im
p
licity
in
C
A
d
escr
ip
tio
n
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
tag
e
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
,
r
ath
e
r
th
an
u
s
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
cr
ea
ted
b
ased
o
n
a
s
er
ies
o
f
C
A
r
u
les
u
s
in
g
Ma
th
em
atica
to
m
an
ag
e
th
e
w
ater
to
p
r
e
v
en
t f
o
r
est f
ir
es.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
s
t
ud
y
T
h
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
e
n
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
,
with
a
to
tal
s
ize
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
3
5
7
.
3
1
2
k
m
2
,
is
T
h
ailan
d
'
s
s
ec
o
n
d
-
lar
g
est
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
r
is
k
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
f
o
r
est
f
ir
es
in
Kh
u
an
Kr
en
g
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
Am
p
h
o
e
C
h
a
Uat
an
d
Am
p
h
o
e
R
o
n
Ph
ib
u
n
,
Nak
h
o
n
Si
T
h
am
m
ar
at,
b
e
twee
n
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
an
d
F
eb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
E
l
Niñ
o
,
also
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
an
at
y
p
ical
d
r
o
u
g
h
t,
ex
ac
er
b
ated
th
e
f
o
r
est
f
ir
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
1
9
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
p
r
ec
e
d
in
g
y
ea
r
s
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
alter
in
g
th
e
wate
r
s
h
ed
p
r
o
c
ess
es
th
at
r
eg
u
late
s
tr
ea
m
f
lo
w,
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
,
n
u
tr
ien
t
ex
p
o
r
t,
an
d
d
o
wn
s
tr
ea
m
wate
r
ch
em
is
tr
y
,
wild
f
ir
es
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
r
esu
lt
in
d
r
am
atic
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
f
o
r
est
p
la
n
ts
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
il
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
m
o
k
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ca
r
b
o
n
an
d
o
th
er
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
to
ex
tr
em
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
a
d
etr
im
en
tal
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
d
ep
icts
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
eg
io
n
in
So
u
th
e
r
n
T
h
ailan
d
,
Nak
h
o
n
Si
T
h
am
m
ar
at
Pro
v
in
ce
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
,
Kr
e
n
g
Su
b
d
is
tr
ict,
C
h
a
-
Uat
Dis
tr
ict
[
2
8
]
.
I
t
h
as
a
6
4
s
q
u
ar
e
k
il
o
m
eter
ar
ea
.
I
n
th
e
AB
C
D
f
r
am
e,
Po
in
t
A
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
6
1
8
0
0
0
E
8
8
2
0
0
0
N,
P
o
in
t
B
r
ep
r
esen
ts
6
2
6
0
0
0
E
8
8
2
0
0
0
N,
Po
in
t
C
r
ep
r
esen
ts
6
2
6
0
0
0
N
E
8
7
4
0
0
0
N,
an
d
Po
in
t D
r
ep
r
esen
ts
6
1
8
0
0
0
E
8
7
4
0
0
0
N,
w
h
ich
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
UT
M
g
r
id
co
o
r
d
in
ates o
f
th
e
s
q
u
a
r
e
AB
C
D
s
im
u
latio
n
ar
ea
.
2
.
2
.
E
qu
ipm
ent
T
h
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
L
a
n
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
an
d
C
o
o
p
er
ativ
es
(
T
h
ailan
d
)
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
u
s
with
DE
M
d
ata
at
a
s
ca
le
o
f
1
:4
,
0
0
0
.
I
n
r
aster
f
o
r
m
at
(
.
)
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
t
o
tal
o
f
twen
ty
s
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
6
4
s
q
u
ar
e
k
ilo
m
eter
s
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
5
×5
s
q
u
ar
e
m
eter
s
,
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
2
,
5
6
0
,
0
0
0
ce
lls
.
Pro
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
wer
e
c
r
ea
ted
in
Ar
cG
I
S
1
0
.
6
,
Go
o
g
le
E
ar
th
Pr
o
,
a
n
d
Ma
th
em
atica
1
2
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lati
o
n
a
n
d
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
Ar
c
T
o
o
lk
it’s
Hy
d
r
o
lo
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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0
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I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
9
7
8
-
1
9
8
9
1980
Har
d
war
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
a
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m
p
u
ter
i
n
clu
d
e
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n
tel
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B
o
o
s
t
4
.
8
GHz
,
DDR4
2
4
0
0
MH
z
-
1
6
GB
S
SD
P
C
le
5
1
2
GB
,
an
d
6
4
.
0
GB
o
f
in
s
talled
m
em
o
r
y
(
R
A
M)
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
s
o
f
twar
e
is
W
in
d
o
ws
XP
Pro
f
ess
io
n
.
Ma
th
em
atica
s
o
f
twar
e
is
k
n
o
wn
as
a
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
s
y
m
b
o
l,
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
s
ty
le
h
as
al
s
o
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
a
s
y
m
b
o
lic
Ma
th
em
atica
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
with
2
D
a
n
d
3
D
g
r
ap
h
ics.
DE
M
ca
n
b
e
c
o
llated
as
lis
ts
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
d
ata
am
en
ab
le
to
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
cr
ip
ts
ar
e
b
r
ief
an
d
m
o
r
e
clo
s
ely
r
esem
b
le
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
n
o
tat
io
n
.
W
e
m
ay
m
o
d
if
y
ci
r
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
d
atab
ase
f
o
r
wate
r
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
t
h
e
ch
an
g
i
n
g
a
r
ea
s
,
an
d
we
ca
n
co
n
tin
u
e
to
m
o
d
el
d
is
aster
r
is
k
ar
ea
s
n
ea
r
th
e
ar
e
a’
s
ac
tu
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
a
r
ea
o
f
(
a)
Nak
h
o
n
Si T
h
am
m
ar
at
p
r
o
v
i
n
ce
in
So
u
th
er
n
T
h
ailan
d
an
d
(
b
)
Kh
u
a
n
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t swam
p
f
o
r
est
2
.
3
.
M
et
ho
d
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
we
u
s
ed
th
e
m
o
s
aic
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
n
th
e
n
ew
r
aster
o
f
Ar
cGI
S
to
m
er
g
e
ev
er
y
f
ile
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
DE
M
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
ag
e
to
a
.
.
W
e
th
en
s
im
u
lated
th
e
r
eg
io
n
u
s
in
g
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
.
Fo
r
th
e
2
D
an
d
3
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
o
d
els,
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
an
an
aly
s
is
o
f
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ea
tu
r
es
u
s
in
g
DE
M
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
altitu
d
e
(
Z
)
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
elev
atio
n
m
o
d
el
(
DE
M)
at
th
e
C
ar
tesi
an
co
o
r
d
in
ates
(
X,
Y)
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
id
ce
ll.
B
y
s
im
u
latin
g
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
with
ce
llu
lar
au
to
m
ata
(
C
A)
r
u
les,
we
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
Ma
th
em
atica
d
ef
in
ed
th
e
co
lo
r
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
th
e
D8
r
u
le
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
wh
ich
d
ep
icts
th
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t.
A
s
m
all
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
DE
M
was
s
elec
ted
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
o
d
el,
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
elief
Plo
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
th
e
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
'
s
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
Flo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
eig
h
t p
o
ten
tial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
wer
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
DE
M
d
ata.
T
h
is
en
ab
led
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
s
im
u
late
wate
r
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
u
ltima
tely
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
ce
ll
to
an
o
th
er
.
Ou
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
tili
ze
s
b
o
th
th
e
D8
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
C
A
r
u
les
to
m
o
d
el
wate
r
f
lo
w
o
n
a
DE
M
s
u
r
f
ac
e
u
s
in
g
Ma
th
em
atica
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
d
es
f
o
r
wate
r
f
lo
w
wer
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
lo
r
s
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
s
:
n
o
r
th
(
r
ed
-
6
4
)
,
n
o
r
th
ea
s
t (
y
ello
w
-
1
2
8
)
,
ea
s
t
(
g
r
ee
n
-
1
)
,
s
o
u
th
ea
s
t (
d
ar
k
g
r
ee
n
-
2
)
,
s
o
u
th
(
tu
r
q
u
o
is
e
-
4
)
,
s
o
u
th
west
(
lig
h
t
b
lu
e
-
8
)
,
west
(
b
lu
e
-
1
6
)
,
an
d
n
o
r
th
west
(
v
io
let
-
3
2
)
.
T
h
e
Ma
th
em
atica
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
im
u
latio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
Ar
cGI
S,
an
d
th
e
to
tal
ce
lls
ac
cu
m
u
lated
with
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
W
ater
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
an
aly
s
es
ca
n
h
elp
d
eter
m
in
e
wate
r
p
ath
s
an
d
wate
r
s
h
ed
s
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
d
r
ain
ag
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
in
g
,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
r
elate
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
jects
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
o
d
el,
th
e
m
atr
ix
p
o
s
itio
n
was
ch
ec
k
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ma
tr
ix
Plo
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
1
6
0
0
×1
6
0
0
s
q
u
ar
e
g
r
id
ce
ll,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
wh
ich
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
in
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
g
r
ap
h
ics
o
f
a
3
×3
s
q
u
ar
e
g
r
id
ce
lls
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
n
ter
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
e
Ma
th
em
atica
p
r
o
g
r
am
T
h
e
r
aster
co
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
was
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
R
GB
co
lo
r
co
d
es
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
in
d
ec
im
al.
T
h
e
C
A
ca
n
b
e
v
iewe
d
as
a
d
is
cr
ete
d
y
n
am
ical
s
y
s
tem
in
wh
ich
s
p
ac
e,
tim
e,
an
d
th
e
s
tates
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
p
ac
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
r
eg
u
lar
lattice
in
o
n
e,
two
,
o
r
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tates
o
f
th
e
ce
lls
in
th
e
lattice
ca
n
b
e
u
p
d
ated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
a
lo
ca
l
r
u
le.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
at
a
g
iv
en
tim
e,
th
e
s
tate
o
f
a
ce
ll
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
ly
o
n
its
s
tate
an
d
th
e
s
tates
o
f
its
n
ea
r
b
y
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
at
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
tim
e
s
tep
.
All
ce
lls
o
n
th
e
lattice
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
u
p
d
ated
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ly
in
p
ar
allel.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
lattice
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
d
is
cr
ete
tim
e
s
tep
s
[
3
1
]
–
[
3
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
To
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
a
n
d
flo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
mo
d
el:
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
…
(
P
a
n
jit Mu
s
ik
)
1981
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
o
p
er
ati
o
n
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
m
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
r
aster
co
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
:
(
a)
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
co
d
e
an
d
(
b
)
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
in
d
ec
im
al
D8
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
s
im
p
le,
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
alm
o
s
t
all
co
m
m
er
cial
s
o
f
twar
e
u
s
es
it
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
f
lo
w
o
f
ev
er
y
ce
ll
to
an
o
th
er
ce
ll
with
a
lo
wer
s
lo
p
e
wh
ich
is
th
e
o
u
tlet
p
o
in
t
o
f
wate
r
in
th
e
ce
lls
with
h
ig
h
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
v
alu
es
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
Ma
th
em
atica
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
elev
atio
n
v
alu
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
n
th
e
DE
M.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
s
im
u
lated
ar
ea
as
a
6
×6
s
q
u
ar
e
g
r
id
ce
ll
f
o
r
test
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
9
7
8
-
1
9
8
9
1982
co
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
C
A
r
u
les
an
d
a
D8
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
C
A
r
u
les
s
et
is
ap
p
lied
r
ep
ea
ted
ly
to
th
e
DE
M
lattice
in
v
o
lv
in
g
a
Mo
o
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
is
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
p
ix
el
to
its
s
teep
est
d
o
wn
s
lo
p
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
.
W
e
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
all
ar
ea
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
C
A
r
u
les,
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
b
o
th
v
ec
to
r
an
d
r
aster
f
o
r
m
ats.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
all
ar
ea
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
co
d
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
ex
am
p
le
o
f
DE
M
d
ata,
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
as v
ec
to
r
s
an
d
r
aster
m
o
d
els,
as d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
ce
ll
will
b
e
to
war
d
th
e
ce
ll
h
av
in
g
th
e
lo
west
Z
-
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
is
ac
cu
m
u
lated
b
y
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
d
ataset
co
m
p
u
ted
b
ef
o
r
e
g
en
er
atin
g
a
d
r
ain
ag
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
lo
w
ce
lls
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
a
d
r
ain
ag
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
As th
e
g
r
id
ce
lls
in
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
h
av
e
f
ewe
r
th
an
eig
h
t n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
g
r
id
ce
lls
,
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
o
s
e
g
r
id
ce
lls
ar
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as h
av
in
g
n
o
v
alu
e
b
y
co
n
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
o
f
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
to
th
e
r
aster
,
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
DE
M
in
th
e
m
atr
ix
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
to
v
ec
to
r
co
d
e
o
f
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
o
f
f
l
o
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
in
to
th
e
r
aster
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
Ma
th
em
atica
an
d
Ar
cGI
S
f
o
r
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
wate
r
f
lo
w
s
im
u
latio
n
in
th
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
f
o
r
est
f
ir
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
2
D
an
d
3
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
in
Ma
th
em
atica
an
d
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
Ma
th
em
atica
an
d
Ar
cGI
S
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
wate
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
wh
ile
th
e
Ma
th
em
atica
-
d
er
iv
ed
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
o
d
el
is
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
f
o
r
d
r
y
s
ea
s
o
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
Ar
cGI
S
m
o
d
el
is
b
etter
s
u
ited
f
o
r
s
im
u
latin
g
f
lo
o
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
f
u
tu
r
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
wate
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
esig
n
in
g
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
lik
e
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
m
ain
tain
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
wild
f
ir
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
s
u
ch
as a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
f
o
r
estry
,
an
d
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
m
ak
in
g
it a
u
s
ef
u
l
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
b
o
th
cu
r
r
en
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
3
.
1
.
T
o
po
g
r
a
ph
ic
Ma
th
em
atica
is
ea
s
y
to
s
tu
d
y
an
d
lear
n
,
an
d
it
is
a
v
er
y
p
o
wer
f
u
l
ca
lcu
latio
n
aid
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
b
o
th
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
r
esear
ch
.
I
t
p
o
s
s
ess
es
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ca
lcu
late
co
m
p
lex
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
v
ar
iatio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
elev
atio
n
in
a
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
with
2
D
an
d
3
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
DE
M
u
s
in
g
Ma
th
em
atica
.
C
r
ea
tin
g
an
im
ag
e
with
Ma
th
em
atica
s
o
f
twar
e
also
allo
ws
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
n
ea
r
an
d
f
ar
v
iew.
T
h
e
ar
ea
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ep
ar
ately
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
W
e
p
lo
t
th
e
elev
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
as
a
1
6
0
0
×1
6
0
0
s
q
u
ar
e
g
r
id
ce
ll,
UT
M
6
1
8
0
0
0
-
6
2
8
0
0
0
N
an
d
874000
-
8
8
2
0
0
0
E
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
a
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
elief
Plo
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
ar
e
d
ep
icted
.
T
h
e
ter
r
ito
r
y
o
f
3
p
lo
ts
o
f
Kr
ajo
o
d
f
o
r
est is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
A,
B
,
an
d
C
a
r
e
Kr
ajo
o
d
f
o
r
ests
,
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
m
ain
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
co
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
th
e
ar
ea
a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
e
n
g
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est.
T
h
ese
ar
ea
s
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
Go
o
g
le
E
ar
th
Pro
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
an
d
Ar
cGI
S
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
c
o
u
n
tr
ies,
f
o
r
est
f
ir
es
ar
e
o
f
te
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
at
u
r
al
d
is
aster
s
,
wh
ile
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
o
r
u
n
d
er
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
c
o
u
n
tr
ies,
t
h
ey
ar
e
o
f
te
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
d
elib
e
r
ate
f
o
r
est b
u
r
n
i
n
g
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
Kr
e
n
g
Su
b
-
d
is
tr
ict,
th
e
Kr
ajo
o
d
ar
ea
s
ar
e
b
u
r
n
t to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
ew
q
u
ality
K
r
ajo
o
d
f
o
r
b
ask
etr
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
a
3
D
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
we
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
L
is
tp
lo
t3
D
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
3
D
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
with
Plo
tR
an
g
e
s
et
to
Fu
ll
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
,
an
d
th
e
r
eg
io
n
is
d
elin
ea
ted
b
y
a
clo
s
e
-
u
p
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Geo
lo
g
ical
u
n
it
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
b
y
h
o
n
o
r
i
n
g
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
,
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
ca
tch
m
en
t
-
s
ca
le
2
D
an
d
3
D
t
o
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
m
o
d
els
u
s
in
g
s
h
o
r
t
s
cr
ip
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
lim
i
ted
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
els,
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
d
ata,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
th
ic
k
n
ess
es
an
d
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
e
n
g
Mo
u
n
tain
is
t
h
e
tallest
in
t
h
e
a
r
ea
,
with
a
h
eig
h
t
o
f
a
b
o
u
t
1
0
0
m
eter
s
.
T
h
is
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
Ar
cGI
S
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
with
h
eig
h
ts
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
-
2
.
7
8
to
1
1
0
.
2
1
m
et
er
s
in
th
e
a
r
ea
s
.
W
e
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
ap
u
s
in
g
Ar
cGI
S,
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
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To
p
o
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a
p
h
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a
n
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w
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tio
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s
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d
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…
(
P
a
n
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s
ik
)
1983
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
d
icate
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
r
elatio
n
al
an
d
lo
g
ical
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
d
elin
ea
te
th
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
in
te
r
est.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
2
D
an
d
3
D
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
t
h
e
wate
r
s
h
ed
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
ar
e
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
ac
tu
al
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
a
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
m
ap
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
Ar
cGI
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in
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u
r
e
9
,
alo
n
g
with
3
D
p
r
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g
r
am
m
in
g
with
Ma
th
e
m
atica
,
ca
n
b
e
zo
o
m
ed
in
at
h
ig
h
a
n
d
l
o
w
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g
les,
as
s
h
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in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
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.
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r
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itio
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lated
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y
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ath
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atica
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r
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ased
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ep
icted
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Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
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h
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altitu
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e
r
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g
es
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r
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m
ap
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ately
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eter
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t
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e
o
b
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d
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
9
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
a
r
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ea
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d
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el
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w
s
ea
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el,
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m
p
r
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g
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w
m
o
u
n
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s
s
u
ch
as Kh
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en
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a
n
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ain
t
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g
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f
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r
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r
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r
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lts
in
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icate
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at
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e
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m
ay
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r
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ately
1
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ig
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t m
ater
ial
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
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.
2
D
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
u
s
in
g
Ma
th
em
atica
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
S
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
(
a)
3
D
to
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g
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ic
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n
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(
b
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to
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up
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u
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.
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ic
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h
(
m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
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&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
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2
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Ap
r
il
20
25
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Fig
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1
0
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3
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3
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2
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F
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An
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ize
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data
1 =
Import["D:
\
\
DataDem_Kreng
\
\
rastert_
162.
txt",
"
Table"];
data
2 =
Drop[data
1
, {
1
,
6
}];
data = Reverse[data
2]
;
Moore[func_, lat_] := MapThread[func, Map[RotateRight[lat, #] &,
{{
0
,
0
}, {
1
,
0
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0
,
-
1
}, {
-
1
,
0
},{
0
,
1
}, {
1
,
-
1
}, {
-
1
,
-
1
}, {
-
1
,
1
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1
,
1
}}],
2]
;
update[x_, n_, e_, s_, w_, ne_, se_, sw_, nw_] :=
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == n,
64
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == e,
1
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == s,
4
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == w,
16
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == ne,
128
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == se,
2
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == sw,
8
,
If[Min[n, e, s, w, ne, se, sw, nw] == nw,
32]]]]]]]]
flow direction = Moore[update, data];
Flow = Take[flowdirection, {
2
,
1599
}, {
2
,
1599
}];
Graphics[Raster[Flow, ColorFunction
-
> (Switch[#,
32
,
RGBColor[
0.8
,
0
,
1]
,
64
,
RGBColor[
1
,
0.2
,
0]
,
128
,
RGBColor[
0.9
,
1
,
0]
,
16
,
RGBColor[
0
,
0
,
1]
,
1
,
RGBColor[
0
,
1
,
0]
,
8
,
RGBColor[
0
,
0.65
,
1]
,
4
,
RGBColor[
0
,
1
,
1]
,
2
,
RGBColor[
0
,
0.5
,
0]]
&)]]
Flo
w
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ir
ec
tio
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im
u
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n
r
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er
iv
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f
r
o
m
t
h
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atica
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r
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r
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o
u
r
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i
n
t
is
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
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ll
with
th
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t
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co
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k
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f
t
h
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in
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illed
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r
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th
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t
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e
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ld
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ased
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et
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ch
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d
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g
y
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o
d
u
le
in
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cV
iew
o
f
Ar
cGI
S
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
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.
Fl
o
w
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ir
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s
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lar
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t
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e
Mo
o
r
e
f
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d
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p
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ate
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M
d
ata.
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u
latio
n
r
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o
f
th
e
f
lo
w
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ir
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
wn
b
y
g
r
ap
h
ics
r
aster
f
lo
w
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
It
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
e
ctio
n
an
aly
s
is
with
Ma
th
em
atica
with
o
u
t
th
e
f
ill
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
wate
r
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n
d
itio
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s
.
T
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
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h
an
n
el
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(
d
itch
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co
r
r
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m
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llect
Kr
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f
o
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ir
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d
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atica
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er
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g
eo
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d
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r
f
lo
w
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n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
d
r
y
s
ea
s
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
To
p
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r
a
p
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w
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el:
a
ca
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e
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f
…
(
P
a
n
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s
ik
)
1985
with
in
th
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f
o
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ir
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l
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o
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in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
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ep
r
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f
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d
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Fig
u
r
e
1
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Flo
w
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ir
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n
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f
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u
r
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1
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.
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ig
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ata.
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h
e
f
u
n
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ills
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s
in
k
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im
it.
T
h
e
f
lo
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ir
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th
e
Kh
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an
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Fig
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1
3
.
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t w
as o
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t th
e
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im
u
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n
u
s
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t
h
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atica
p
r
o
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r
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r
o
m
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n
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o
r
e
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ely
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f
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im
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o
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s
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a
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r
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k
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l
d
r
ain
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n
etwo
r
k
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ic
h
m
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ag
es
wate
r
s
to
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ag
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d
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r
in
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th
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o
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d
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p
o
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al
f
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f
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est
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T
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th
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s
u
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th
e
R
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y
al
I
r
r
ig
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Dep
a
r
tm
en
t
h
as
p
r
o
p
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n
s
tr
u
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g
lan
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em
b
a
n
k
m
e
n
ts
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d
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to
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to
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tain
s
af
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wate
r
lev
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id
ea
lly
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etwe
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3
0
to
5
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ce
n
tim
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s
.
T
h
is
wo
u
ld
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
wate
r
lev
el
in
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e
s
wam
p
f
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m
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elo
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n
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o
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aily
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etatio
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d
s
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p
e
m
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y
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g
e
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m
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m
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i
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f
ac
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tu
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d
s
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im
en
t
co
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ec
tiv
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,
b
en
ef
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
f
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m
f
l
o
w
-
d
ir
ec
tio
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al
r
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h
n
ess
an
aly
s
is
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k
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wate
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en
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p
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th
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atica
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m
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lic
p
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o
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r
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o
f
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er
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p
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ef
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latin
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2
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d
3
D
to
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s
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DE
M
lin
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Go
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ar
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Pr
o
an
d
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c
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T
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m
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lis
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ical
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eth
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o
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h
is
wo
r
k
cr
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tes
a
v
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d
atab
ase
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
wate
r
m
an
ag
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e
n
t,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
8
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I
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
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2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
9
7
8
-
1
9
8
9
1986
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
f
o
r
estry
,
an
d
d
is
a
s
ter
m
itig
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
f
lo
o
d
an
d
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
r
em
ed
ies.
T
h
e
Ma
th
em
atica
-
b
ased
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
es
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
d
r
y
-
s
ea
s
o
n
wate
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
as
it
ca
n
s
i
m
u
late
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
with
o
u
t
r
ely
in
g
o
n
th
e
f
ill
m
e
th
o
d
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
Ar
cGI
S
f
lo
w
m
o
d
elin
g
r
esu
lts
ar
e
b
et
ter
s
u
ited
f
o
r
f
lo
o
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
Ma
th
e
m
atica
's
m
o
d
el
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
im
u
lates
wate
r
f
lo
w
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
r
y
s
ea
s
o
n
,
m
ak
in
g
it
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
in
g
wate
r
lev
els
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
f
ir
e
r
is
k
s
in
p
ea
tlan
d
ar
ea
s
lik
e
th
e
Kh
u
an
Kr
en
g
p
ea
t
s
wam
p
f
o
r
est
,
wh
e
r
e
h
ig
h
p
ea
t
f
lam
m
a
b
ilit
y
p
o
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ir
e
h
az
a
r
d
s
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o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
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cGI
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ex
ce
ls
in
f
lo
o
d
s
im
u
latio
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
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ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
o
ls
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
ese
m
o
d
els,
we
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
b
o
t
h
ex
ce
s
s
wate
r
an
d
wate
r
s
ca
r
city
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
tr
ess
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
cu
s
to
m
ized
wate
r
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
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th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
d
ter
r
ain
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
c
o
u
ld
en
h
an
ce
th
ese
m
o
d
els
with
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
to
f
u
r
th
er
a
d
d
r
ess
wate
r
f
lo
w
an
d
f
ir
e
r
is
k
ch
allen
g
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
Kh
u
an
Kr
e
n
g
p
ea
t swam
p
f
o
r
est
b
y
Ar
cGI
S
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
estab
lis
h
in
g
wate
r
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
v
o
lv
e
d
cr
ea
tin
g
a
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
o
d
el
v
alid
ated
ag
ain
s
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
Ar
cGI
S,
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
,
an
d
f
ield
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
alig
n
m
en
t
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
alu
es
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
s
u
m
m
er
s
ea
s
o
n
s
with
s
ca
r
ce
wate
r
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
e
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
wate
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
m
i
n
im
al
r
ain
f
all
p
er
i
o
d
s
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
f
o
r
est
f
ir
e
r
is
k
s
b
y
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
m
o
d
elin
g
ter
r
ain
an
d
wate
r
m
o
v
em
en
t.
W
h
ile
th
e
cu
s
to
m
ized
m
o
d
el
was
id
ea
l
f
o
r
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
Ar
cGI
S
-
d
e
r
iv
ed
w
ater
f
lo
w
m
o
d
el
was
b
ette
r
s
u
ited
f
o
r
s
im
u
latin
g
f
l
o
o
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
ata
a
n
d
m
o
d
els
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
er
v
e
as
v
alu
a
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
ie
ld
s
in
clu
d
in
g
wate
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
lan
n
in
g
,
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e,
f
o
r
estry
,
an
d
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
m
i
tig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies.
Fu
tu
r
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
v
o
lv
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
p
r
ec
is
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ca
n
al
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
s
u
r
v
ey
s
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
lik
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
ar
r
ier
s
at
d
r
ain
ag
e
p
o
in
ts
to
m
a
in
tain
co
n
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is
ten
t
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
lev
els
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
ev
en
t th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
wild
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ir
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.
ACK
NO
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