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Vo
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c
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CC B
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C
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p
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A
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r
:
Yu
lian
ta
Sire
g
ar
Dep
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tm
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E
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g
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Facu
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o
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in
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Un
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s
itas
Su
m
ater
a
Utar
a
Dr
.
T
.
Ma
n
s
u
r
N
o
.
9
,
Me
d
an
C
ity
,
No
r
th
Su
m
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a
Pro
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2
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2
2
2
,
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d
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ju
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ta_
s
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s
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.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
wad
ay
s
,
elec
tr
icity
is
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
th
at
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wid
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s
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ac
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Hig
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m
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alan
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with
th
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s
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g
h
-
q
u
ality
elec
tr
icity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
a
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
tem
th
at
d
is
tr
ib
u
tes
elec
tr
i
c
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
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im
p
o
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tan
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ay
atten
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o
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n
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n
s
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i
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th
e
m
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y
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r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
Po
wer
q
u
ality
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ar
e
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
is
s
u
es
with
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Po
wer
q
u
ality
is
a
cr
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co
m
p
o
n
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t
o
f
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
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s
y
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te
m
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics.
T
h
e
g
r
o
win
g
u
s
e
o
f
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
lo
a
d
s
is
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
ca
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
we
r
q
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is
s
u
es.
I
s
s
u
es
with
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
's
p
o
we
r
q
u
ality
in
clu
d
e
v
o
ltag
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s
ag
,
v
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ltag
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s
well,
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
,
an
d
v
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ltag
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h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
[
4
]
–
[
6
]
.
Po
wer
q
u
ality
is
s
u
es
lik
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
ar
is
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wh
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d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
o
cc
u
r
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
An
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
tem
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
k
n
o
wn
as
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
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th
e
r
o
o
t
-
m
ea
n
-
s
q
u
ar
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(
R
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)
v
alu
e
d
r
o
p
s
f
r
o
m
1
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to
9
0
%
o
f
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
v
o
ltag
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b
r
ief
ly
,
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
cy
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to
1
m
in
u
te.
T
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is
is
k
n
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wn
as
a
v
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th
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v
o
ltag
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r
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es
f
r
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m
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
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Yu
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1397
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r
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t
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5
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1
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in
u
te.
A
s
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o
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t
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cu
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v
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wh
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t lo
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v
ar
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r
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v
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[
7
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–
[
9
]
.
W
ith
ad
v
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in
p
o
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t
r
o
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d
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tr
o
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s
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e
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h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
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s
ag
a
n
d
v
o
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s
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d
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r
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a
n
ce
th
at
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n
ca
u
s
e
d
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to
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ical
eq
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ip
m
en
t
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t
th
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e
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r
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f
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tr
ical
p
o
wer
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s
en
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p
o
wer
q
u
ality
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
es
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
ar
es
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
p
ec
ial
p
o
wer
d
ev
ices
in
a
2
0
k
V
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
ese
d
ev
ices
in
clu
d
e
th
e
DVR,
DSTA
T
C
OM
,
an
d
u
n
if
ied
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
co
n
d
itio
n
er
(
UPQC
)
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
ar
in
g
DVR,
UPQC
,
an
d
DSTA
T
C
OM
to
r
ed
u
ce
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
ag
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
t
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
d
u
e
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
DSTA
T
C
OM
,
DV
R
,
an
d
UPQC
in
s
tallatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
as
d
ev
ices
p
r
o
v
e
n
to
m
ain
tain
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
en
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
lo
a
d
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
DVR
an
d
DSTA
T
C
OM
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
a
n
aly
ze
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
DVR
an
d
DSTA
T
C
OM
to
a
d
d
r
ess
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
an
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t is n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
r
ec
o
r
d
th
e
d
i
r
ec
t
-
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
r
atin
g
o
n
th
e
DVR
an
d
DST
AT
C
OM
co
r
r
ec
tly
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
a
cc
u
r
ate
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
an
d
b
etter
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
T
h
en
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
1
-
p
h
a
s
e,
p
h
ase
-
to
-
p
h
ase,
an
d
3
-
p
h
ase
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
its
an
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
i
n
s
tallin
g
a
DVR.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
b
ig
g
est
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
th
er
e
is
a
3
-
p
h
ase
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
with
a
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
7
0
%
an
d
wh
en
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
is
7
5
%
at
PT.
PLN
(
Per
s
er
o
)
UP3
Sib
o
lg
a
Feed
e
r
SB
0
2
.
T
h
en
,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
ab
o
u
t
DVR
an
d
DSTA
T
C
OM
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
to
m
itig
ate
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
at
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
m
itig
atio
n
d
e
v
ices,
n
am
ely
DVR
an
d
DSTA
T
C
OM
,
in
o
v
e
r
co
m
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
to
r
ed
u
ce
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
u
e
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
p
a
r
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
n
d
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
m
itig
atio
n
in
DVR
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
a
n
aly
s
is
[
1
7
]
.
I
t
d
is
cu
s
s
es
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
at
PT.
PLN
(
Per
s
er
o
)
UP3
Sib
o
lg
a
Feed
er
SB
0
2
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
DVR,
n
am
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
teg
r
al
-
p
a
r
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PI
-
PSO
)
an
d
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN)
,
wh
ich
r
ec
o
v
er
e
d
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
3
p
m
t
o
0
.
9
p
m
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
a
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
co
m
p
a
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
s
tallatio
n
s
with
th
e
u
n
if
ied
p
o
wer
q
u
ali
ty
co
n
d
itio
n
er
-
s
er
ies
s
h
u
n
t
(
UPQC
-
S),
DSTA
T
C
OM
,
an
d
DVR
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
ad
d
r
ess
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
is
s
u
es
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
o
n
b
y
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
a
n
d
s
well
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
f
a
u
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
s
at
7
5
%
o
f
th
e
lin
e
len
g
th
a
n
d
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
at
7
0
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
lo
ad
.
MA
T
L
AB
-
Simu
lin
k
s
o
f
twar
e
was
u
tili
z
ed
to
c
o
n
d
u
ct
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
at
PT.
PLN
(
Per
s
er
o
)
UP3
Sib
o
lg
a
Feed
er
SB
0
2
,
s
itu
ated
in
th
e
Sib
o
lg
a
m
ai
n
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
th
e
2
0
k
V
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
at
th
e
SB
0
2
Sib
o
lg
a
m
ain
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
f
ee
d
er
at
PLN
(
Pe
r
s
er
o
)
UP3
Sib
o
lg
a,
No
r
th
S
u
m
atr
a
Pro
v
in
c
e,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
en
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
c
h
ar
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
an
d
wav
ef
o
r
m
b
ef
o
r
e
in
s
tallin
g
t
h
e
DVR
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
,
DSTA
T
C
OM
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
,
an
d
UPQC
-
S
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
a
n
d
af
ter
i
n
s
tallin
g
th
e
DVR,
DSTA
T
C
OM
,
an
d
UPQC
-
S.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
e
liab
ilit
y
o
f
ea
c
h
d
e
v
ice
ag
ain
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
wells d
u
e
to
3
-
p
h
ase
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
in
m
o
d
el
d
esi
g
n
is
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
elec
tr
icity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
s
ee
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
wh
en
a
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
eled
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
2
0
k
V
SB
0
2
Feed
er
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
Sib
o
lg
a
m
ain
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
n
th
e
SB
0
2
Feed
er
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Af
ter
d
eter
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
et
er
v
alu
es,
a
test
m
o
d
el
is
f
o
r
m
ed
,
wh
ich
is
test
ed
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
–
Simu
lin
k
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
t
a
g
e
i
s
t
o
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
D
V
R
i
n
to
th
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
io
n
a
f
te
r
th
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
t
io
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
m
o
d
e
le
d
.
T
a
b
l
e
2
l
i
s
t
s
t
h
e
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
D
V
R
.
M
o
d
e
l
in
g
t
h
e
D
V
R
c
o
m
e
s
n
ex
t
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
t
h
e
D
V
R
p
a
r
am
e
t
er
s
.
T
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
s
e
r
t
i
n
g
a
D
V
R
in
s
e
r
i
es
b
e
t
w
e
en
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
n
d
th
e
lo
a
d
a
n
d
c
a
u
s
in
g
a
3
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
o
r
t
c
i
r
cu
i
t
,
m
o
d
e
l
in
g
w
a
s
d
o
n
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u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
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-
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i
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u
l
i
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k
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F
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g
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r
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l
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c
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i
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m
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l
f
o
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DV
R
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
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M
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t
io
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D
V
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c
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.
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I
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1401
3
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.
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lcula
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t
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f
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m
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re
a
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a
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
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T
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ase
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17
A
3
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Ca
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d
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ase
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it
f
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th
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f
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Ω
So
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d
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s
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lcu
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th
e
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f
au
lt p
o
in
t is:
V
=
√
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(
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24
.
84
)
2
+
(
75%
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344
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58
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Vol
t
Fro
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r
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v
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ase
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f
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Sim
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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m
p
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I
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N:
2088
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T
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e
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Fig
u
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p
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A,
B
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C
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