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d
ib
le,
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
au
to
m
ated
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
alv
eo
la
r
b
o
n
e
an
d
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
ca
n
al
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
[
2
]
.
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
m
an
d
ib
u
la
r
ca
n
al,
o
n
e
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
k
n
o
wn
as
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
[
3
]
.
Den
tal
r
ad
io
g
r
ap
h
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
d
en
tal
ca
r
e,
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
an
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
lan
n
in
g
.
R
a
d
io
g
r
ap
h
ic
an
aly
s
is
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
v
e
r
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
b
o
n
e,
to
o
th
,
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
tis
s
u
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
,
as
well
as
all
th
e
im
ag
es
f
o
r
o
r
th
o
d
o
n
tic
an
aly
s
is
an
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
lan
n
i
n
g
.
D
u
r
in
g
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
p
lan
n
in
g
,
th
e
c
lin
ical
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
m
an
u
ally
tr
ac
in
g
an
ato
m
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
is
a
tim
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
u
b
jectiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
A
u
to
m
atic
lan
d
m
ar
k
d
etec
tio
n
f
o
r
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
ic
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
o
r
th
o
d
o
n
tic
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ca
n
b
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Her
e
a
r
e
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
c
ep
h
alo
m
etr
ic
lan
d
m
a
r
k
d
ete
ctio
n
:
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
in
clu
d
e
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
1
9
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
ic
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
[
4
]
,
th
e
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
o
f
1
9
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
ic
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
iter
ativ
e
d
ee
p
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
m
eth
o
d
[
5
]
,
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
m
a
n
d
ib
u
la
r
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
o
n
3
D
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
i
c
im
ag
es
[
6
]
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
ic
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
u
s
in
g
d
ee
p
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
with
th
e
b
est
%
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate
(
SDR
)
ev
alu
ati
o
n
v
alu
es
b
ei
n
g
8
6
.
9
1
%
(
2
m
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
,
9
1
.
8
2
%
(
2
.
5
m
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
,
9
4
.
8
8
%
(
3
m
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
,
an
d
9
7
.
9
0
%
(
4
m
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
an
d
ib
le,
h
o
u
s
in
g
th
e
lo
wer
teeth
an
d
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ch
ewin
g
a
n
d
s
p
ea
k
in
g
,
is
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est,
lar
g
est,
a
n
d
m
o
s
t
m
o
v
ab
le
f
ac
ial
b
o
n
e.
Ma
n
d
ib
u
lar
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
af
f
ec
t
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
Den
tis
tr
y
,
o
r
th
o
d
o
n
tics
,
an
d
f
o
r
en
s
ics
h
av
e
co
n
d
u
cted
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
b
o
n
es.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
b
o
n
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
u
ch
as
m
o
r
p
h
o
m
etr
y
an
d
ap
p
ea
r
a
n
ce
,
an
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
v
ar
iab
les,
s
u
ch
as
g
e
n
d
er
o
r
a
g
e
[
8
]
.
I
n
an
au
to
m
atic
m
an
d
i
b
u
lar
ex
am
in
atio
n
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
r
e
q
u
i
r
es
a
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
s
tag
e
an
d
th
en
d
eter
m
i
n
es
2
7
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
o
n
th
e
3
D
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
co
n
e
-
b
ea
m
c
o
m
p
u
ted
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
(
C
B
C
T
)
[
9
]
.
I
n
o
r
th
o
g
n
ath
ic
an
d
ae
s
th
etic
s
u
r
g
er
y
,
f
ac
ial
asy
m
m
etr
y
is
cr
itical
b
ec
au
s
e
co
n
g
en
ital m
alf
o
r
m
atio
n
s
,
tr
au
m
atic
in
ju
r
ies,
an
d
o
r
al
c
an
ce
r
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
f
ac
e.
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
f
ac
i
al
s
y
m
m
etr
y
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
m
an
y
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ac
c
u
r
at
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
s
y
m
m
etr
y
d
e
v
iatio
n
wh
en
p
l
an
n
in
g
s
u
r
g
er
y
.
T
h
at
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
s
tep
s
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
b
y
id
en
tif
y
in
g
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
o
n
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
ic
r
ad
io
g
r
a
p
h
s
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
v
a
r
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
to
ac
cu
r
ately
an
d
au
to
m
atica
lly
d
eter
m
in
e
la
n
d
m
ar
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
ee
p
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
[
1
0
]
,
tem
p
l
ate
m
atch
in
g
[
1
1
]
,
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
C
NN)
[
1
2
]
,
an
d
t
h
e
f
as
ter
r
eg
i
o
n
-
b
ased
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
R
-
C
NN
)
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
d
en
tis
tr
y
,
o
r
th
o
d
o
n
tics
,
an
d
f
o
r
en
s
ics,
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
m
a
n
d
ib
u
lar
b
o
n
es
ex
is
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
e
latio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
b
o
n
es a
n
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
v
ar
iab
les,
s
u
ch
as
g
e
n
d
er
o
r
ag
e
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
g
e
n
d
er
d
im
o
r
p
h
is
m
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
b
etwe
en
an
ato
m
ical
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
o
r
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
s
h
ap
e.
C
lin
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
ce
p
h
alo
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
i
n
s
u
r
g
ical
p
lan
n
in
g
in
clu
d
e
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
an
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t,
ev
alu
at
io
n
o
f
f
ac
ial
s
o
f
t
tis
s
u
es,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
an
d
ib
le
o
r
lo
wer
jaw
[
1
4
]
.
C
ep
h
alo
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
b
o
n
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
an
o
v
er
all
p
ictu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
r
g
eo
n
in
o
r
th
o
g
n
ath
ic
s
u
r
g
er
y
(
OG
S)
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
r
esear
c
h
[
1
6
]
,
th
ey
d
ete
r
m
in
e
g
en
d
er
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
ea
c
h
la
n
d
m
ar
k
o
n
th
e
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
b
o
n
e,
s
p
ec
if
ically
t
h
e
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
la
n
d
m
ar
k
p
o
i
n
ts
,
u
s
in
g
g
eo
m
etr
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
[
1
7
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
e
x
t
en
s
iv
ely
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
o
f
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
la
n
d
m
ar
k
s
to
esti
m
ate
g
en
d
er
a
n
d
a
g
e
in
f
o
r
en
s
ic
s
ettin
g
s
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
an
ato
m
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
is
c
r
u
c
ial
f
o
r
r
ad
io
l
o
g
ical
p
at
h
o
lo
g
ic
al
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
a
n
ato
m
ical
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
.
Du
r
in
g
im
p
lan
t
s
u
r
g
er
y
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
an
ato
m
ic
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
m
an
d
i
b
u
lar
an
ato
m
ical
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
esp
ec
ially
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
in
f
er
io
r
alv
eo
lar
n
er
v
e
b
u
n
d
le
is
in
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
es
m
an
y
c
h
an
g
es.
T
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
g
en
d
er
,
r
ac
e,
a
n
d
ag
e
r
e
q
u
ir
es
r
a
d
io
lo
g
ical
ex
am
in
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
ev
iew
ab
o
v
e,
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
m
a
n
d
ib
u
lar
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
is
ex
tr
em
ely
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
en
tis
tr
y
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
eter
m
in
in
g
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
lan
d
m
a
r
k
s
h
as
u
s
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
lin
ea
r
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
io
n
,
b
u
t
it
h
as
a
h
ig
h
er
r
o
r
at
th
e
g
o
n
io
n
an
d
co
n
d
y
le
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
n
e
x
t
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
ests
ev
alu
atin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
co
n
d
y
le
an
d
g
o
n
io
n
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
an
aly
s
is
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
m
a
n
d
i
b
u
lar
co
n
d
y
le
an
d
g
o
n
io
n
p
o
in
ts
.
B
ec
au
s
e
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ataset
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es
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lts
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d
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
s
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tio
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
2
0
9
8
-
2
1
0
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2100
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Da
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s
et
T
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ata
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llected
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Den
tal
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Or
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Ho
s
p
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th
e
Facu
lty
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Me
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icin
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U
n
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itas
Air
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g
a,
Su
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h
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es
1
1
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r
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m
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ased
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ata
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m
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ar
ch
itect
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r
e,
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ca
led
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o
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ic
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ata
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2
4
×
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h
e
d
ataset
in
clu
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co
n
d
y
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an
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m
ar
k
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ts
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Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
an
d
g
o
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i
o
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in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
(
a
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(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
a
n
d
m
ar
k
s
(
a)
c
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d
y
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d
(
b
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g
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.
2
.
P
ro
po
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et
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d
Acc
o
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d
in
g
to
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h
[
1
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t
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p
r
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s
o
f
d
eter
m
in
i
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g
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d
m
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k
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lin
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r
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eg
r
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m
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s
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y
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R
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[
1
]
f
o
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th
at
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ictio
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Fig
u
r
e
2
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ates
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eter
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ata
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to
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ata
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(
SVM)
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k
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=
‘
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ly
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ial’
)
,
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o
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aly
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o
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lan
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m
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p
p
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iate
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ed
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n
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
p
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s
ed
r
esear
c
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
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N
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g
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)
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h
e
SVM
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eth
o
d
is
a
tr
ain
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g
p
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s
to
s
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E
q
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atio
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(
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th
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s
ed
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th
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ly
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in
(
2
)
[
2
7
]
.
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
1
)
(
,
)
=
(
+
)
,
ℎ
>
0
(
2
)
T
h
e
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
r
eg
r
ess
io
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m
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o
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tr
ain
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g
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o
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3
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[
2
8
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.
(
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a
p
o
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ia
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o
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ec
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p
o
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h
with
+
1
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(
)
=
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2
−
1
+
.
.
.
+
+
+
1
(
3
)
T
h
e
p
r
ed
icted
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
in
t
s
ar
e
th
e
lef
t
an
d
r
ig
h
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
m
an
d
ib
le
o
n
p
an
o
r
am
i
c
r
ad
io
g
r
a
p
h
y
as
in
T
ab
le
1
.
E
ac
h
lan
d
m
a
r
k
p
o
i
n
t
will
h
av
e
p
r
ed
icted
co
o
r
d
in
ates
(
,
)
,
T
h
e
to
tal
p
r
ed
icted
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
f
o
u
r
co
o
r
d
in
ates (
lef
t c
o
n
d
y
le,
r
ig
h
t c
o
n
d
y
le,
lef
t g
o
n
io
n
,
a
n
d
r
ig
h
t g
o
n
i
o
n
)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Pre
d
icted
lan
d
m
a
r
k
p
o
in
ts
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
I
mag
e
Le
f
t
R
i
g
h
t
C
o
n
d
y
l
e
(
,
)
(
,
)
G
o
n
i
o
n
(
,
)
(
,
)
2
.
3
.
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
e
v
alu
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
m
ea
n
r
ad
ial
er
r
o
r
(
MRE)
,
as
d
o
n
e
in
[
1
0
]
.
MRE
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
.
=
√
2
+
2
(
4
)
=
∑
=
1
(
5
)
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
r
esu
lt
s
f
o
r
lan
d
m
a
r
k
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
u
th
.
I
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
with
in
a
ce
r
tain
r
an
g
e,
it
m
ea
n
s
it
i
s
co
r
r
ec
t
with
in
th
at
r
an
g
e
.
I
n
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t,
th
e
r
a
n
g
es
u
s
ed
as
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
wer
e
2
,
3
,
a
n
d
4
p
ix
els.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
if
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
er
r
o
r
i
s
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
p
ix
els,
it m
ea
n
s
it is
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
th
e
3
an
d
4
p
ix
el
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
b
u
t
wr
o
n
g
i
n
th
e
2
p
ix
el
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
An
o
th
er
wa
y
to
ev
alu
ate
i
s
to
u
s
e
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate
(
SDR
)
as
s
tat
ed
in
(
6
)
,
wh
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
d
etec
tio
n
s
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
s
.
=
100%
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
2
0
9
8
-
2
1
0
8
2102
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
a
n
aly
s
is
th
e
b
est
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
(
SVM
k
e
r
n
el
=
‘
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial’
,
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
an
d
en
s
em
b
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
)
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ict
in
g
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
i
n
ts
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
ed
icted
la
n
d
m
ar
k
c
o
o
r
d
in
at
e
p
o
in
ts
,
n
am
ely
th
e
le
f
t
co
n
d
y
le,
th
e
r
ig
h
t
co
n
d
y
le,
th
e
l
ef
t
g
o
n
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
g
o
n
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
m
an
d
ib
u
lar
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
in
ts
u
s
in
g
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u
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ig
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u
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(
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p
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er
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Fig
u
r
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3
(
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h
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f
t
h
e
l
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m
ar
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r
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Fig
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Go
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Go
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
L
a
n
d
m
ar
k
p
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t p
r
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d
ictio
n
r
esu
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with
SVM:
(
a)
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ir
s
t te
s
t
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(
b
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ec
o
n
d
test
,
(
c)
th
ir
d
test
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d
(
d
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f
o
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test
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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I
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2088
-
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L
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d
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r
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eg
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: (
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Fig
u
r
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5
s
h
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r
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f
o
r
lan
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th
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en
s
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r
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m
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Fig
u
r
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5
(
a
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s
h
o
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t
h
at
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co
r
r
ec
t
lan
d
m
a
r
k
p
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in
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Fig
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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
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I
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6
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eth
o
d
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Fig
u
r
e
6
(
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h
as
a
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er
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r
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f
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3
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e
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ig
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t
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Fig
u
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ly
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ial
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ig
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u
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ig
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ial
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u
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6
(
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in
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Fig
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2
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Fig
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6
(
h
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n
s
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le
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g
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et
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2
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7
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b
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c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
a
n
d
m
ar
k
p
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t p
r
e
d
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n
r
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with
en
s
em
b
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r
eg
r
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io
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: (
a)
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ir
s
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t
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ec
o
n
d
test
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d
(
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ir
d
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T
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2
s
h
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tco
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es
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f
test
in
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m
ar
k
p
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p
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d
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er
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el
=
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n
T
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th
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r
ig
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t
g
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r
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&
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I
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I
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t J E
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&
C
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m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
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20
25
:
2
0
9
8
-
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1
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2106
E
ac
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
m
an
d
ib
le
co
n
d
itio
n
v
a
r
ies
in
p
an
o
r
am
ic
r
a
d
io
g
r
ap
h
ic
im
ag
es,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
o
r
e
n
s
em
b
le
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
to
p
r
ed
ict
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
an
d
lef
t
g
o
n
io
n
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
in
ts
.
I
n
th
e
p
an
o
r
am
ic
r
a
d
io
g
r
a
p
h
y
im
a
g
e,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al'
s
lef
t
an
d
r
ig
h
t
r
am
u
s
h
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
len
g
t
h
s
,
s
o
wh
en
p
r
ed
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g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
c
o
n
d
y
le
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
i
n
t,
y
o
u
ca
n
u
s
e
lin
ea
r
o
r
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
e
s
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
b
u
t
wh
en
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
th
e
lef
t c
o
n
d
y
le
p
o
in
t,
it is
b
etter
to
u
s
e
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
an
aly
s
is
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
ed
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g
m
a
n
d
ib
u
la
r
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
in
ts
(
r
ig
h
t
co
n
d
y
le,
lef
t
co
n
d
y
le,
r
i
g
h
t
g
o
n
io
n
,
an
d
lef
t
g
o
n
io
n
p
o
in
ts
)
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
ar
e
SVM
k
er
n
el
=
‘
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial’
,
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
a
n
d
e
n
s
em
b
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
ta
l
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
r
ig
h
t
co
n
d
y
le
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
in
ts
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
SV
M,
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial,
o
r
en
s
em
b
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Po
ly
n
o
m
ial
r
eg
r
ess
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n
an
d
e
n
s
em
b
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
ar
e
b
etter
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
i
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
lef
t
co
n
d
y
le,
r
ig
h
t
g
o
n
io
n
,
a
n
d
le
f
t
g
o
n
io
n
.
B
ec
au
s
e
ea
ch
p
er
s
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t.
Su
g
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ts
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p
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ty
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o
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g
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with
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2
H/PKDN/L
I
T
B
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PEM
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0
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4
.
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th
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Den
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s
p
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p
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o
r
am
ic
d
ata.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
N
.
N
a
f
i
’
i
y
a
h
,
C
.
F
a
t
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c
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a
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.
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st
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,
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.
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a
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a
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d
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.
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k
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,
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A
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,
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6
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i
j
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e
s
2
0
2
4
.
0
2
2
9
.
4
9
.
[
2
]
Y
.
F
a
r
a
d
h
i
l
l
a
,
A
.
A
r
i
f
i
n
,
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.
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a
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i
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st
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,
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.
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r
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sw
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r
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
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i
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i
a
sr
i
,
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R
e
si
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u
a
l
f
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l
l
y
c
o
n
v
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l
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
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k
f
o
r
man
d
i
b
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l
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r
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a
n
a
l
se
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me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
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l
o
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t
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g
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,
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o
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0
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1
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,
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e
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.
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0
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1
,
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0
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2
2
2
6
6
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i
j
i
e
s
2
0
2
1
.
1
2
3
1
.
2
0
.
[
3
]
A
.
F
a
r
i
z
a
,
A
.
A
r
i
f
i
n
,
E.
A
s
t
u
t
i
,
a
n
d
T
.
K
u
r
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t
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,
“
S
e
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me
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t
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o
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e
n
t
s i
n
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e
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t
a
l
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y
i
m
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g
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s
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g
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a
u
ssi
a
n
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e
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l
-
b
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se
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
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o
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a
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sp
a
t
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a
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f
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y
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-
me
a
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s
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e
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i
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g
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l
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o
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t
h
m
,
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t
e
r
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t
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o
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a
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o
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7
,
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n
.
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:
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2
2
2
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6
/
i
j
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s
2
0
1
9
.
0
6
3
0
.
1
2
.
[
4
]
C.
-
W
.
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
b
e
n
c
h
mar
k
f
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o
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p
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t
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s
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o
r
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t
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ms,
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d
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e
An
a
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s
,
v
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l
.
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p
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3
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,
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j
.
m
e
d
i
a
.
2
0
1
6
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0
2
.
0
0
4
.
[
5
]
L.
W
a
n
g
,
L
.
M
a
,
Y
.
L
i
,
K
.
N
i
u
,
a
n
d
Z.
H
e
,
“
A
D
C
N
N
sy
s
t
e
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
n
i
t
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r
a
t
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v
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me
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d
f
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a
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ma
t
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a
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d
mark
d
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t
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e
p
h
a
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me
t
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-
r
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y
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m
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g
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s,”
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i
o
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d
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a
l
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c
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,
v
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l
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.
b
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c
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5
7
.
[
6
]
P
.
P
i
t
t
a
y
a
p
a
t
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
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w
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b
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sp
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c
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,
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r
o
p
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n
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o
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v
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1
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3
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c
j
v
0
8
8
.
[
7
]
Z.
Z
h
o
n
g
,
J.
Li
,
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Z.
J
i
a
o
,
a
n
d
X
.
G
a
o
,
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A
n
a
t
t
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n
t
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o
n
-
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u
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d
e
d
d
e
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p
r
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g
r
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ss
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m
o
d
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l
f
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d
m
a
r
k
d
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t
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c
t
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n
i
n
c
e
p
h
a
l
o
g
r
a
ms,”
L
e
c
t
u
re
N
o
t
e
s
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
(
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
su
b
ser
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e
s
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e
c
t
u
r
e
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o
t
e
s
i
n
Ar
t
i
f
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c
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t
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l
l
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n
c
e
a
n
d
L
e
c
t
u
re
N
o
t
e
s
i
n
B
i
o
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s)
,
v
o
l
.
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1
7
6
9
LN
C
S
,
p
p
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3
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6
-
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_
6
0
.
[
8
]
N
.
V
i
l
a
-
B
l
a
n
c
o
,
P
.
V
a
r
a
s
-
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u
i
n
t
a
n
a
,
Á
.
A
n
e
i
r
o
s
-
A
r
d
a
o
,
I
.
T
o
m
á
s,
a
n
d
M
.
J.
C
a
r
r
e
i
r
a
,
“
A
u
t
o
ma
t
e
d
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
n
d
i
b
l
e
sh
a
p
e
b
y
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
Ass
i
st
e
d
Ra
d
i
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
u
r
g
e
r
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
1
5
–
2
2
2
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
5
4
8
-
0
2
1
-
0
2
4
7
4
-
2.
[
9
]
Y
.
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
u
t
o
ma
t
e
d
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
ma
n
d
i
b
u
l
a
r
l
a
n
d
m
a
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
ma
n
d
i
b
u
l
a
r
me
d
i
a
n
s
a
g
i
t
t
a
l
p
l
a
n
e
,
”
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
0
0
0
1
-
0
2
4
-
0
1
6
8
1
-
2.
[
1
0
]
Y
.
S
o
n
g
,
X
.
Q
i
a
o
,
Y
.
I
w
a
mo
t
o
,
a
n
d
Y
.
W
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
A
u
t
o
ma
t
i
c
c
e
p
h
a
l
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
l
a
n
d
m
a
r
k
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
n
x
-
r
a
y
i
m
a
g
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
e
e
p
-
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
t
h
o
d
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
S
w
i
t
z
e
rl
a
n
d
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
7
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0
2
0
,
d
o
i
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1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
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0
7
2
5
4
7
.
[
1
1
]
A
.
K
a
u
r
a
n
d
C
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
A
u
t
o
mat
i
c
c
e
p
h
a
l
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
l
a
n
d
mar
k
d
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e
c
t
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o
n
u
si
n
g
Ze
r
n
i
k
e
m
o
me
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
m
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
,
”
S
i
g
n
a
l
,
I
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
V
i
d
e
o
Pr
o
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,
v
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o
.
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,
p
p
.
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).
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:
e
d
y
su
sa
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to
@
u
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isla.a
c
.
id
.
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