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tim
ize
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
b
y
m
in
im
izin
g
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
m
u
ltip
le
-
ac
ce
s
s
s
ch
em
e
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
u
p
lin
k
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
allo
ca
tes
a
s
in
g
le
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
to
ea
ch
u
s
er
,
d
if
f
er
en
tiatin
g
it
f
r
o
m
OFDMA
,
wh
ich
allo
ws m
u
ltip
le
u
s
er
s
to
s
h
ar
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ai
n
.
On
e
cr
itical
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
SC
-
FDMA
is
its
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
lo
we
r
p
ea
k
-
to
-
a
v
er
ag
e
p
o
wer
r
atio
(
PAPR
)
th
an
OFDMA
.
T
h
is
lo
wer
PAPR
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
o
wer
am
p
lifie
r
,
r
e
s
u
ltin
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
e
x
ten
d
ed
d
ev
ice
b
atter
y
life
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
an
d
p
o
r
tab
le
wir
eless
d
ev
ices
[
7
]
.
T
h
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
m
ak
e
SC
-
FDM
A
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
L
T
E
,
wh
er
e
ef
f
icien
t
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
a
p
r
io
r
ity
.
B
y
lim
itin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
s
er
s
p
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
,
SC
-
FDMA
m
in
im
izes
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
p
o
wer
am
p
lifie
r
s
an
d
en
ab
les
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
b
atter
y
p
o
we
r
in
m
o
b
il
e
d
ev
ices
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
SC
-
FDM
A
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
lim
i
tatio
n
s
o
f
OFDMA
in
th
e
u
p
lin
k
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
a
s
u
itab
le
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
p
o
wer
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
SC
-
FDMA
o
f
f
er
s
s
im
p
lifie
d
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
co
v
er
ag
e,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
to
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
-
s
elec
tiv
e
f
ad
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
OFDMA
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
n
ec
ess
itates
co
n
tig
u
o
u
s
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
with
in
ea
ch
tim
e
s
lo
t,
p
o
ten
tially
lim
itin
g
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Up
lin
k
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
tack
le
c
h
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
h
ig
h
PAPR
ass
o
ciate
d
with
OFDM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
lead
to
in
ef
f
icien
t o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
am
p
lifie
r
s
[
7
]
.
R
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
(
R
R
M)
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
3
GPP
L
T
E
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
at
L
T
E
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
(
eNo
d
eB),
as
d
escr
ib
e
d
i
n
[
1
2
]
.
I
t
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
en
ab
lin
g
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
with
in
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
L
T
E
s
er
v
ices
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
o
th
r
ea
l
-
t
i
m
e
(
R
T
)
an
d
non
-
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
(
NR
T
)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
ca
ter
in
g
to
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
ese
two
ap
p
licatio
n
ty
p
es
ar
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
y
th
eir
u
n
iq
u
e
Qo
S
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
d
elay
,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
ate,
a
n
d
d
ata
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
m
etr
ics.
R
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ty
p
i
ca
lly
d
em
an
d
s
tr
in
g
en
t
Qo
S
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
lo
w
laten
cy
an
d
r
eli
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
ile
NR
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
m
o
r
e
to
ler
an
t
to
p
a
r
am
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
R
R
M
in
to
L
T
E
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
m
ee
t
th
ese
d
iv
er
s
e
Qo
S
d
em
an
d
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
in
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
to
o
p
tim
u
m
r
esu
l
ts
d
u
e
to
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
s
'
m
o
r
e
ex
ce
llen
t
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
s
in
g
le
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
a
cc
ess
(
S
C
-
FDMA)
o
f
f
er
s
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
u
p
lin
k
d
ir
ec
tio
n
m
ay
b
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
b
y
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
.
L
T
E
'
s
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
(
R
R
M)
is
es
s
en
tial
to
en
h
an
ce
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ee
d
b
y
o
p
tim
izin
g
n
etwo
r
k
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
m
u
s
t
f
u
lf
ill
Qo
S
cr
iter
ia
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
p
h
y
s
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
l
o
ck
s
(
PR
B
s
)
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
till
s
ev
er
al
is
s
u
es
with
u
p
lin
k
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
th
at
m
i
g
h
t
r
estrict
its
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
ch
allen
g
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
u
p
lin
k
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
L
T
E
u
p
lin
k
in
ter
f
ac
e.
C
h
al
len
g
es a
d
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
,
tim
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
p
o
wer
lim
itatio
n
s
in
u
p
l
in
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
SC
-
FDM
A
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
ch
em
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
co
n
tig
u
ity
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lim
itatio
n
in
u
p
lin
k
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
C
o
n
tig
u
o
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
o
m
ain
allo
ca
tio
n
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izin
g
th
e
PAPR
ac
r
o
s
s
all
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
(
R
B
s
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
p
ec
t
r
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
as
a
p
h
y
s
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
c
k
(
PR
B
)
is
ass
ig
n
ed
to
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
UE
)
ev
e
n
if
o
th
e
r
UE
s
h
av
e
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
c
h
an
n
el
q
u
ality
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
PR
B
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
wh
e
n
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
Q
o
S,
th
e
L
T
E
u
p
lin
k
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
e
ed
s
to
ad
h
er
e
to
th
is
r
estrictio
n
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
h
as
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
r
o
u
n
d
R
o
b
in
(
R
R
)
,
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
a
r
e
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
M
AD
E
)
,
r
ec
u
r
s
i
v
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
(
R
M
E
)
,
a
n
d
f
i
r
s
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
(
FM
E
)
as
u
p
li
n
k
s
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
co
m
es
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
t
h
at
R
ME
,
F
ME
,
a
n
d
MA
D
E
en
h
a
n
c
e
d
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
a
n
d
f
ai
r
n
ess
.
E
l
g
az
za
r
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
p
r
ese
n
te
d
m
o
d
i
f
ie
d
FME
(
MFM
E
)
,
a
b
ett
er
FM
E
w
it
h
b
e
tte
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
ai
r
n
ess
,
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
r
ese
a
r
c
h
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
Sa
f
a
a
n
d
T
o
h
m
e
[
1
9
]
an
al
y
z
ed
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
FM
E
,
R
ME
,
an
d
R
i
d
i
n
g
P
ea
k
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
T
h
is
ev
al
u
at
io
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ate
d
th
a
t
th
e
FM
E
m
e
th
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
l
ess
wel
l
th
an
th
e
R
ME
a
n
d
R
ME
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
s
i
n
b
o
t
h
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
(
C
D)
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
io
n
al
f
ai
r
n
ess
(
PF
)
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
s
.
T
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
f
ai
r
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
M
T
)
,
FME
,
a
n
d
R
R
s
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
f
o
r
s
e
r
v
ic
e
class
es
we
r
e
e
v
al
u
a
te
d
b
y
Ah
m
a
d
a
n
d
Al
m
u
h
all
a
b
i
[
2
0
]
.
F
ME
a
n
d
M
T
h
a
d
p
o
o
r
R
T
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
b
u
t
e
n
s
u
r
ed
f
ai
r
n
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
a
ll
t
r
af
f
i
c
f
l
o
w
s
.
Ot
h
er
p
ed
est
r
ia
n
s
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
r
es
ea
r
c
h
ex
am
in
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
li
k
e
M
T
,
F
ME
,
a
n
d
R
R
f
o
r
s
e
r
v
ic
e
cl
ass
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
f
ai
r
n
ess
[
9
]
.
FM
E
o
p
ti
m
iz
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Ma
ximu
m
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
w
ith
co
n
tig
u
ity
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m:
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
…
(
S
h
a
fin
a
z
I
s
ma
il
)
1711
p
a
ck
et
l
o
s
s
r
at
e
(
P
L
R
)
b
u
t
h
a
d
l
o
w
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
u
lti
m
e
d
i
a
a
p
p
li
ca
t
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
-
p
h
as
e
h
ie
r
ar
ch
ica
l
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
(
3
PHA
)
[
2
1
]
a
n
d
a
t
wo
-
p
h
ase
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
in
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
H
wan
g
et
a
l.
[
8
]
we
r
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
t
o
m
e
et
Qo
S
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
f
a
ir
n
ess
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
u
tp
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
F
ME
an
d
PF
i
n
R
T
s
er
v
i
ce
Q
o
S
,
r
es
o
u
r
ce
al
lo
ca
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
f
ai
r
n
ess
.
T
h
e
R
R
,
MT
,
a
n
d
F
ME
s
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
we
r
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
by
Da
r
d
o
u
r
i
[
2
2
]
f
o
r
t
h
ei
r
i
m
p
a
ct
o
n
s
e
r
v
i
ce
class
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
,
f
ai
r
n
ess
,
P
L
R
,
an
d
s
p
ec
t
r
a
l
ef
f
i
cie
n
cy
(
S
E
)
.
I
t
was
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
R
R
s
ch
e
d
u
le
r
em
p
h
asi
ze
d
th
e
F
ME
s
ch
e
d
u
le
r
,
it
e
n
h
a
n
c
ed
u
s
e
r
s
p
e
ct
r
al
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
,
d
e
v
i
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
u
s
e
r
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
wit
h
o
u
t
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
PLR.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
s
ch
em
es
s
u
ch
as
p
a
r
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PS
O)
[
2
3
]
an
d
m
o
d
if
ied
d
y
n
am
ic
Hu
n
g
ar
ian
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
(
DHAM
)
[
2
4
]
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
L
T
E
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ee
d
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
tr
af
f
ic
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
.
Sirh
a
n
an
d
Ma
r
tin
ez
-
R
am
o
n
[
2
5
]
ex
am
in
ed
u
s
er
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
ler
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
e
v
alu
ated
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
id
ea
l
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
ch
an
g
es
to
s
ep
a
r
ate
L
T
E
d
o
wn
lin
k
an
d
u
p
lin
k
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
im
e
-
d
o
m
ain
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
le
r
s
(
T
DPS)
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
d
o
m
ai
n
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
ler
s
(
FDPS
)
SA
s
ch
ed
u
ler
s
wer
e
also
class
if
ied
[
2
6
]
.
SA
s
ch
ed
u
ler
s
m
an
ag
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
c
h
an
n
el
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
f
air
n
ess
,
an
d
Q
o
S
to
av
o
id
ce
ll
-
ed
g
e
u
s
er
s
f
r
o
m
s
tar
v
in
g
.
R
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
wir
e
less
n
etwo
r
k
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
Qo
S,
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
en
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
af
f
ic
ty
p
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
R
T
an
d
b
est
-
ef
f
o
r
t
(
B
E
)
tr
af
f
ic.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
p
r
io
r
itiz
e
d
eliv
er
in
g
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
n
et
wo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
ile
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
atin
g
n
o
n
-
cr
itical
tr
af
f
ic.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
f
air
(
PF
)
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
b
alan
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
ai
r
n
ess
,
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
o
p
tim
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
at
th
e
ce
ll e
d
g
e
r
em
ai
n
s
a
cr
u
cial
ch
alle
n
g
e,
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
tar
g
eted
e
v
alu
at
io
n
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
d
i
n
[
2
7
]
,
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ex
p
an
s
io
n
with
co
n
tig
u
ity
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
(
ME
C
C
)
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
in
a
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
v
e
h
icu
lar
L
T
E
n
et
wo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
s
p
ec
if
ically
at
1
2
0
k
m
/h
s
p
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
cu
s
es o
n
c
r
itical
m
etr
ics s
u
ch
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
air
n
ess
in
d
ex
,
d
elay
,
an
d
PLR
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
af
f
ic
ty
p
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
Vo
I
P
,
v
id
eo
,
an
d
B
E
f
lo
ws.
T
h
e
ME
C
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
ac
h
iev
es
s
u
p
er
io
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
b
o
th
R
T
an
d
NR
T
tr
af
f
ic,
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
R
R
,
ch
an
n
el
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
-
FME
(
CD
-
FME
)
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
f
air
n
ess
-
FME
(
PF
-
FME
)
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
.
I
t
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
in
d
elay
a
n
d
PLR,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
b
en
ef
itin
g
R
T
tr
af
f
ic
w
h
en
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
C
D
-
FME
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
ME
C
C
en
s
u
r
es
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
f
air
n
ess
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
at
th
e
ce
ll e
d
g
e,
m
a
k
in
g
it a
s
tr
o
n
g
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
v
e
h
icu
lar
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
in
[
2
7
]
h
av
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
s
p
ec
tr
a
l
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ic
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
tig
u
ity
lim
itatio
n
i
n
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
ME
C
C
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
u
s
t
co
m
p
ly
with
th
is
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
wh
ile
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
Qo
S.
ME
C
C
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
m
ax
im
izin
g
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ce
ll
ed
g
e
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
ME
C
C
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
ce
ll
ed
g
e
u
s
er
s
f
ac
e,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
u
ltip
le
tr
af
f
ic
ty
p
es,
an
d
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
Qo
S
m
etr
ics.
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
'
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
etails
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
4
o
u
tlin
es th
e
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
Up
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
L
T
E
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
UE
s
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tat
io
n
(
eNo
d
eB)
with
in
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
,
UE
s
s
en
d
d
ata,
s
u
c
h
as u
s
er
-
g
en
er
ate
d
c
o
n
ten
t
o
r
r
eq
u
ests
,
to
th
e
eNo
d
eB
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Up
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
en
ab
les
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
u
s
er
s
an
d
th
e
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
as
it
g
o
v
er
n
s
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
d
ata
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
in
r
ad
i
o
f
r
am
es f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
I
t c
o
m
p
r
is
es sev
er
al
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
[
2
8
]
.
E
ac
h
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
h
as
a
f
ix
e
d
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
1
0
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
(
m
s
)
.
L
T
E
f
r
am
es
ar
e
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
ten
s
u
b
f
r
am
es,
n
u
m
b
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
to
9
,
ea
ch
last
in
g
1
m
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
T
E
s
u
b
f
r
a
m
es
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
two
s
lo
ts
ea
ch
,
with
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
0
.
5
m
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
2
0
s
lo
ts
p
er
f
r
am
e.
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
lo
t,
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tim
e
in
ter
v
al
(
T
T
I
)
,
is
f
ix
ed
at
0
.
5
m
s
.
L
T
E
f
r
am
es u
tili
ze
a
r
eso
u
r
ce
g
r
id
,
a
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
g
r
id
o
f
tim
e
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
elem
en
ts
,
to
allo
ca
te
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
els
an
d
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
Sp
ec
if
ic
s
u
b
f
r
am
es
with
in
th
e
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
d
ed
icate
d
t
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ch
a
n
n
els
an
d
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
ig
n
alin
g
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
i
za
tio
n
s
ig
n
als,
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
als,
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
ch
an
n
els ar
e
cr
u
cial
in
m
an
ag
in
g
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
u
s
er
d
ev
ices.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ates
ef
f
icien
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
in
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
1
3
]
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
elin
ea
tes
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
k
n
o
wn
a
s
ME
C
C
.
ME
C
C
is
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ce
ll
-
ed
g
e
u
s
er
s
in
L
T
E
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
On
e
o
f
its
p
r
im
a
r
y
o
b
jectiv
es
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
f
air
n
ess
an
d
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
at
th
e
p
er
ip
h
er
y
o
f
th
e
ce
ll
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
ME
C
C
is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
to
m
an
ag
e
co
n
tig
u
ity
r
estrictio
n
s
,
wh
ich
d
ictate
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
tig
u
o
u
s
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
u
s
er
s
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
7
0
9
-
1
7
1
9
1712
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
2
8
]
2
.
1
.
B
lin
d
equa
l t
hro
ug
hp
ut
a
lg
o
rit
hm
T
h
e
b
lin
d
eq
u
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
B
E
T
)
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
a
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
m
etr
ic
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
B
E
T
s
ch
ed
u
ler
was
ch
o
s
en
to
em
p
h
asize
g
u
ar
an
te
ein
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
f
air
n
ess
to
u
s
er
s
n
ea
r
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e.
T
h
e
B
E
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ee
k
s
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
q
u
an
tity
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
to
all
u
s
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w,
ch
a
n
n
el
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
o
r
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
ati
o
(
SNR
)
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
is
g
iv
en
an
in
p
u
t
m
atr
i
x
Q
o
f
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[N
UE
×
N
RB
]
,
wh
er
e
ea
ch
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
,
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
B
E
T
eq
u
atio
n
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
RB
1
RB
2
….
RB
N
UE
1
Q
1,
1
Q
1,
2
….
Q
1,
N
UE
2
Q
2,
1
Q
2,
2
….
Q
2,
N
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
UE
N
Q
N
,
1
Q
N
,
2
….
Q
N
,
N
RB
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
p
u
t
m
atr
ix
o
f
Q
T
h
e
B
E
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
esire
s
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
eq
u
itab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
to
all
u
s
er
s
with
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
etr
ic
f
o
r
B
E
T
is
d
et
er
m
in
ed
b
y
(
1
)
.
,
=
1
̅
̅
̅
(
−
1
)
(
1
)
wh
er
e
th
e
h
is
to
r
ical
av
er
ag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
attain
ed
b
y
th
e
−
ℎ
u
s
er
u
n
til
tim
e
t,
d
en
o
ted
as
̅
̅
̅
(
)
,
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
,
̅
̅
̅
(
)
=
̅
̅
̅
(
−
1
)
+
(
1
−
)
(
)
(
2
)
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
No
h
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
,
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
β,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
weig
h
ted
m
o
v
i
n
g
av
e
r
ag
e
f
ac
to
r
(
0
<
β
<
1
)
,
was
in
v
esti
g
ated
ac
r
o
s
s
a
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
to
0
.
9
.
Ho
wev
er
,
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
f
air
n
ess
,
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
1
was a
s
s
ig
n
ed
to
β in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
B
E
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
ass
ig
n
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
ea
ch
u
s
er
'
s
h
is
to
r
ically
lo
w
er
av
er
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
ev
e
r
y
T
T
I
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
a
v
o
r
s
u
s
er
s
with
lo
wer
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
u
n
til
th
eir
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
atch
es
th
at
o
f
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
in
t
h
e
ce
ll.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
d
e
v
ices
ex
p
e
r
ien
cin
g
p
o
o
r
er
ch
a
n
n
el
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
r
ec
eiv
e
a
g
r
ea
ter
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
o
s
e
with
b
etter
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
lead
in
g
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
d
f
air
n
ess
.
2
.
2
.
M
E
C
C
re
s
o
urce
a
llo
ca
t
io
n in LT
E
s
y
s
t
em
s
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
tag
es
to
th
e
ME
C
C
s
ch
ed
u
ler
'
s
u
p
lin
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
PR
B
s
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
ass
ig
n
ed
to
UE
s
,
cl
ass
if
y
in
g
th
e
av
ailab
le
R
B
s
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
N
RB
to
N
UE
r
at
io
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
it
allo
ca
tes
R
B
s
eq
u
itab
ly
ac
r
o
s
s
UE
s
to
p
r
eser
v
e
eq
u
ity
,
en
h
an
cin
g
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
R
B
s
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
UE
s
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltiu
s
er
d
iv
er
s
ity
g
ain
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
allo
ca
tio
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Ma
ximu
m
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
w
ith
co
n
tig
u
ity
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m:
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
…
(
S
h
a
fin
a
z
I
s
ma
il
)
1713
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
R
B
s
,
ex
ten
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
id
es
o
f
m
atr
ix
Q,
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
etr
ic
v
alu
e
.
E
ac
h
UE
is
d
ee
m
ed
s
er
v
ice
d
wh
en
an
o
t
h
er
UE
with
a
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
e
i
s
d
is
co
v
er
ed
.
T
h
e
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
co
m
m
en
ce
s
with
th
e
UE
-
R
B
co
m
b
in
atio
n
f
r
o
m
,
with
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
etr
ic
v
alu
e
to
ex
p
an
d
t
h
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
n
b
o
t
h
s
id
es
o
f
m
atr
ix
Q.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
lo
o
k
s
at
ev
er
y
co
lu
m
n
in
m
atr
ix
Q
to
s
ee
wh
eth
er
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
etr
ic
is
s
till
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
UE
th
at
is
g
ettin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
r
if
it
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
UE
.
T
h
e
R
B
is
a
s
s
ig
n
ed
to
th
e
s
elec
ted
UE
if
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
ar
e
s
atis
f
ied
;
if
n
o
t,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
UE
is
d
ee
m
ed
s
er
v
iced
,
an
d
t
h
e
R
B
is
as
s
ig
n
ed
to
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
u
s
er
.
I
ter
ativ
ely
,
th
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
r
ep
ea
ted
.
T
r
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
th
e
R
B
to
a
d
if
f
er
en
t u
s
er
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t w
o
u
ld
b
r
e
ac
h
co
n
tin
u
ity
lim
itatio
n
s
.
2
.
3
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
a
k
ey
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
,
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
r
at
e
at
wh
ich
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
eliv
er
ed
p
ac
k
ets
tr
av
er
s
e
a
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
el.
E
x
p
r
ess
ed
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o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
es.
ME
C
C
's
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
9
0
.
8
1
%,
8
0
.
1
6
%,
an
d
7
5
.
5
4
%
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
at
o
f
R
R
,
PF
-
FME
,
an
d
C
D
-
FME
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
,
d
u
e
to
its
f
air
R
B
allo
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
u
s
er
s
.
ME
C
C
m
ain
tain
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t b
y
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
with
lo
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p
ast
av
e
r
ag
es
to
tr
an
s
m
it
in
s
u
b
s
eq
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en
t
iter
ati
o
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
all
u
s
er
s
ar
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
R
R
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
u
s
e
r
co
u
n
t
r
is
es,
an
d
af
ter
1
2
0
u
s
er
s
,
R
R
h
as
th
e
lo
west
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
5
3
.
6
6
%
lo
wer
th
an
PF
-
FME
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
u
e
to
p
ac
k
et
d
r
o
p
s
th
at
r
esu
lt
in
in
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
ass
ig
n
ed
PR
B
s
.
C
D
-
FME
an
d
PF
-
FME
s
ch
ed
u
ler
s
s
h
o
w
s
im
ilar
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
tr
en
d
s
,
with
lo
wer
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
lo
w
to
h
ig
h
lo
a
d
s
,
as
th
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
r
io
r
itize
B
E
tr
af
f
i
c,
ca
u
s
in
g
m
o
r
e
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t f
o
r
Vo
I
P f
lo
ws
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t f
o
r
v
id
e
o
f
lo
ws
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
B
E
f
lo
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
h
ig
h
est
f
o
r
th
e
ME
C
C
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ich
s
u
r
p
as
s
es
R
R
b
y
9
3
.
9
9
%
an
d
PF
-
FME
an
d
CD
-
FME
b
y
1
.
4
5
%
an
d
1
3
.
7
7
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
A
n
o
ticea
b
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
d
r
o
p
o
cc
u
r
s
b
etwe
en
4
0
a
n
d
8
0
u
s
er
s
,
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
o
f
R
T
tr
af
f
ic,
wh
ich
p
u
s
h
es
NR
T
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
eir
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
th
e
R
R
alg
o
r
ith
m
ex
h
i
b
its
th
e
lo
west
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
all
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
with
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ec
lin
in
g
as
m
o
r
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
ad
d
ed
d
u
e
to
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
allo
ca
tio
n
to
Vo
I
P
an
d
v
id
eo
tr
af
f
ic.
T
h
e
C
D
-
FME
an
d
PF
-
FME
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
w
h
ich
allo
ca
te
f
ewe
r
R
B
s
to
Vo
I
P
an
d
v
id
eo
s
tr
ea
m
s
,
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
lo
west p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
R
T
f
lo
ws as th
ey
p
r
io
r
itiz
e
NR
T
tr
af
f
ic.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Ma
ximu
m
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
w
ith
co
n
tig
u
ity
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m:
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
…
(
S
h
a
fin
a
z
I
s
ma
il
)
1715
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t f
o
r
B
E
f
lo
ws
3
.
2
.
Cum
ula
t
iv
e
dis
t
ributio
n f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
e
p
icts
th
e
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
I
n
a
n
etwo
r
k
with
2
0
0
u
s
er
s
,
ME
C
C
s
h
o
ws
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
t th
e
ce
ll e
d
g
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
R
R
,
C
D
-
FME
,
an
d
PF
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FME
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
with
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
o
f
9
9
.
3
8
%,
3
7
.
5
0
%,
an
d
3
4
.
3
8
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
t
ed
to
ME
C
C
'
s
f
air
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
am
o
n
g
its
u
s
er
s
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
th
o
s
e
with
wea
k
e
n
ed
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
at
th
e
ce
ll
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
r
esu
lts
in
an
o
v
er
all
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
all
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
PF
-
FME
an
d
C
D
-
FME
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
h
o
w
lo
wer
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
at
t
h
e
ce
l
l
ed
g
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
f
a
v
o
r
u
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er
s
clo
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er
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th
e
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ase
s
tatio
n
,
n
e
g
lectin
g
th
o
s
e
with
wea
k
er
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
R
R
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
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t
co
n
s
id
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atio
n
o
f
u
s
er
s
'
ch
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n
el
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n
d
itio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
es
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
ce
ll
-
e
d
g
e
u
s
er
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
it
ten
d
s
to
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ze
r
o
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ME
C
C
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
at
ce
ll
ed
g
e
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
e
m
ain
s
ab
o
v
e
th
e
5
th
p
er
ce
n
tile
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t CDF
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
its
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f
icac
y
in
v
e
h
icu
lar
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
DF o
f
u
s
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
3
.
3
.
F
a
irness
in
dex
Fig
u
r
es
7
to
9
d
is
p
lay
t
h
e
J
ai
n
f
air
n
ess
in
d
ex
f
o
r
V
o
I
P,
v
i
d
eo
,
an
d
B
E
tr
af
f
ic.
B
o
th
C
D
-
FME
an
d
PF
-
FME
ex
h
ib
it
s
im
ilar
f
air
n
e
s
s
tr
en
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
f
air
n
e
s
s
v
alu
e
f
o
r
C
D
-
FME
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
b
etwe
en
6
0
an
d
8
0
u
s
er
s
as
it
p
r
io
r
itizes
u
s
er
s
with
b
etter
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
with
p
o
o
r
er
ch
an
n
el
q
u
ality
.
B
ey
o
n
d
8
0
u
s
er
s
,
C
D
-
FME
's
f
air
n
ess
v
alu
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
a
n
d
s
tab
ilizes
b
etwe
en
0
.
7
a
n
d
0
.
9
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
PF
-
FME
'
s
f
air
n
es
s
in
d
ex
p
ea
k
s
b
etwe
en
6
0
an
d
8
0
u
s
er
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
e
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
as
it
allo
ca
tes
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
r
ati
o
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
n
eg
lectin
g
u
s
er
s
with
p
o
o
r
er
ch
an
n
el
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
PF
-
FME
aim
s
f
o
r
eq
u
itab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
all
tr
af
f
ic
s
tr
ea
m
s
,
a
lth
o
u
g
h
its
f
air
n
ess
v
alu
e
d
im
in
is
h
es a
f
ter
8
0
u
s
er
s
,
r
ea
ch
in
g
its
lo
west e
f
f
icac
y
at
2
0
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
7
0
9
-
1
7
1
9
1716
ME
C
C
an
d
R
R
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
f
air
n
ess
lev
els
f
o
r
Vo
I
P
an
d
v
id
e
o
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
ws,
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
e
n
0
.
7
an
d
0
.
8
as
th
e
u
s
er
co
u
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
es.
B
o
th
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
f
er
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
lo
ws.
Ho
wev
er
,
ME
C
C
ex
h
ib
i
ts
s
u
p
er
io
r
f
air
n
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
B
E
f
lo
ws
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
R
R
.
T
h
e
f
air
n
ess
v
alu
e
o
f
ME
C
C
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
r
a
p
id
ly
as
t
h
e
u
s
er
co
u
n
t
r
ea
c
h
e
s
1
4
0
to
1
6
0
,
wh
ich
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
allo
ca
tin
g
m
o
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
u
s
er
s
with
in
f
er
io
r
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
s
t
ea
d
o
f
th
o
s
e
with
s
u
p
er
io
r
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ME
C
C
f
air
n
ess
v
alu
e
s
t
ar
ts
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
af
ter
1
6
0
u
s
e
r
s
an
d
ev
en
tu
ally
r
ea
ch
es
its
p
ea
k
f
air
n
ess
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
m
a
in
tain
in
g
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
7
to
0
.
8
.
T
h
e
R
R
m
eth
o
d
m
ain
tain
s
a
co
n
s
tan
t
f
air
n
ess
in
d
ex
ac
r
o
s
s
all
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
ws,
en
s
u
r
in
g
allo
ca
tio
n
f
air
n
ess
an
d
m
ak
in
g
it
f
air
er
th
an
o
th
er
s
ch
ed
u
ler
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Fair
n
ess
in
d
ex
f
o
r
Vo
I
P
f
lo
ws
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fair
n
ess
in
d
ex
f
o
r
v
i
d
eo
f
lo
ws
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fair
n
ess
in
d
ex
f
o
r
B
E
f
lo
ws
3
.
4
.
Sp
ec
t
ra
l e
f
f
iciency
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
p
r
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p
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tr
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o
f
th
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ates
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r
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CD
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Qo
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wh
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im
in
is
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p
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m
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1717
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u
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Sp
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r
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T
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d
NR
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tr
af
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W
ith
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tim
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s
p
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tr
u
m
u
s
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e,
ME
C
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ac
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iev
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ig
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s
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,
m
a
k
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id
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le
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f
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s
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Qo
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cr
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d
if
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ACK
NO
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DG
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W
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lik
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to
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Hig
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g
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as
well
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to
Un
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Ma
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s
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M
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(
UT
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)
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d
Un
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s
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T
ek
n
o
lo
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MA
R
A
(
UiT
M)
f
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v
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ab
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p
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ican
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co
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tr
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u
ted
to
th
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s
u
cc
ess
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
.
B
a
su
m
a
l
l
i
c
k
,
“
W
h
a
t
I
s
Q
o
S
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
ser
v
i
c
e
)
?
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
,
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
,
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
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c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Q
o
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m
e
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s
u
r
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s
n
e
t
w
o
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k
p
e
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f
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a
n
c
e
a
n
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a
b
l
e
s
t
h
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t
w
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k
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n
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i
g
h
-
p
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t
y
a
p
p
s
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n
d
s
e
r
v
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c
e
s,”
s
p
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c
e
w
o
r
k
s.c
o
m
,
2
0
2
2
.
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
sp
i
c
e
w
o
r
k
s.c
o
m
/
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c
h
/
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o
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l
e
s/
w
h
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is
-
q
o
s/
(
a
c
c
e
ss
e
d
Ju
l
.
2
6
,
2
0
2
4
)
.
[
2
]
A
.
A
.
S
a
l
i
h
,
S
.
R
.
M
.
Ze
e
b
a
r
e
e
,
A
.
S
.
A
b
d
u
l
r
a
h
e
e
m
,
R
.
R
.
Ze
b
a
r
i
,
M
.
A
.
M
.
S
a
d
e
e
q
,
a
n
d
O
.
M
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
Ev
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
o
b
i
l
e
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
5
G
r
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
,
”
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
o
f
K
a
n
s
a
i
U
n
i
v
e
rs
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
0
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
3
]
M
.
P
a
n
d
e
e
sw
a
r
i
,
“
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
m
mu
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
r
a
d
i
o
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
(
T
I
J
E
R)
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
0
0
–
6
0
3
,
2
0
2
3
.
[
4
]
S
.
D
.
M
u
r
u
g
a
n
a
t
h
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
3
G
P
P
r
e
l
e
a
se
-
1
5
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
LTE
su
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
d
r
o
n
e
s
,
”
I
E
EE
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
Ma
g
a
zi
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
–
1
4
6
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
C
O
M
S
TD
.
0
0
0
1
.
1
9
0
0
0
2
1
.
[
5
]
M
C
M
C
,
“
P
r
o
p
o
sa
l
f
o
r
r
e
v
i
e
w
t
h
e
ma
n
d
a
t
o
r
y
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
Q
o
S
(
w
i
r
e
d
b
r
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
ss
ser
v
i
c
e
)
,
”
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
n
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
M
u
l
t
i
me
d
i
a
C
o
mm
i
ss
i
o
n
(
M
C
M
C
)
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
6
]
M
.
M
.
H
a
m
d
i
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
A
b
o
o
d
,
“
Tr
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
o
v
e
r
O
F
D
M
a
n
d
S
C
-
F
D
M
A
f
o
r
LTE
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
i
n
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
7
2
2
–
7
3
1
.
[
7
]
G
.
O
b
u
l
e
su
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
A
P
R
a
n
d
S
E
R
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
O
F
D
M
A
a
n
d
S
C
F
D
M
A
,
”
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
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l
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g
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e
,
v
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l
.
1
1
1
7
,
p
p
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1
3
1
–
1
4
0
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
3
-
0
3
1
-
4
3
0
0
9
-
1
_
1
2
.
[
8
]
I
.
S
.
H
w
a
n
g
,
B
.
J
.
H
w
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
C
.
H
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
Tw
o
-
st
a
g
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
-
a
w
a
r
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u
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k
t
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ssi
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me
w
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n
LT
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5
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[
2
6
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[
2
7
]
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.
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[
2
9
]
K
.
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.
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.
M
.
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p
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[
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0
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t
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t
th
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Un
iv
e
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Tec
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n
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l
M
a
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sia
M
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lak
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(UTE
M
).
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h
e
b
e
c
a
m
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a
P
h
.
D.
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n
d
id
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te
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v
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l
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y
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ARA
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,
in
2
0
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.
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h
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a
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d
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with
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h
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