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An
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[
1
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–
[
3
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T
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in
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1621
Ph
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s
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ase
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4
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ater
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an
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o
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ly
1
7
p
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p
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ter
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[
5
]
.
T
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ly
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ased
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Pałczy
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.
[6
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,
wh
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to
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s
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b
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Mc
Sh
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et
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.
[
4
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c
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ased
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l
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
esear
ch
er
s
wid
ely
u
s
ed
th
is
m
o
d
el
to
cr
ea
te
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
G
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
W
ei
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
n
th
e
s
ized
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
G
was
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
o
n
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
it
(
MCU)
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
a
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
g
ate
ar
r
ay
(
FP
GA)
,
d
ig
ital
-
to
-
a
n
alo
g
co
n
v
er
ter
(
DAC),
liq
u
id
cr
y
s
tal
d
is
p
lay
(
L
C
D)
,
f
lash
m
em
o
r
y
,
a
n
d
k
e
y
p
ad
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
was
th
en
d
is
p
lay
ed
u
s
in
g
L
ab
VI
E
W
s
o
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
co
u
ld
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
er
ate
d
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
cr
ea
ted
E
C
G
g
e
n
er
ato
r
allo
w
ed
th
e
u
s
er
to
ea
s
ily
s
et
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
m
ea
n
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
¸
v
alu
es
o
f
am
p
litu
d
e,
d
u
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
p
ea
k
at
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
P,
Q,
R
,
S,
an
d
T
,
w
h
ich
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ea
ch
wav
e,
as
well
as
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
h
o
wn
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
j
u
s
t
a
n
o
r
m
al
h
ea
r
t
s
ig
n
al
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
3
-
lead
s
[
7
]
.
Z
h
u
et
a
l
.
[
8
]
u
tili
ze
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
v
ia
th
e
g
en
e
r
ativ
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
ial
n
etwo
r
k
(
GAN)
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
g
en
er
ate
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
G
d
at
a,
n
o
tab
ly
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
lo
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ze
r
o
f
aster
th
an
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
.
L
ee
et
a
l
.
[
9
]
lev
er
ag
e
d
th
e
PTB
d
ataset
to
cr
ea
te
V
-
lead
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
lim
b
lea
d
s
u
s
in
g
a
GAN
wit
h
R
-
p
ea
k
alig
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
eser
v
e
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
tr
an
s
lated
tim
e
d
o
m
ain
E
C
G
in
to
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
p
ac
e
u
s
in
g
o
r
d
er
e
d
tim
e
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
GAN
was
p
air
-
tr
ain
ed
with
m
o
d
if
ied
lim
b
I
I
lead
s
an
d
ch
est
lead
s
.
Ad
ib
et
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
c
r
ea
ted
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
Gs
with
th
e
W
as
s
er
s
tein
GAN
with
g
r
ad
ien
t
p
e
n
alty
(
W
GAN
-
GP
)
m
o
d
el,
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
b
ea
ts
clo
s
er
to
r
ea
l
b
ea
ts
th
an
th
e
d
en
o
is
in
g
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
m
o
d
el
(
DDPM)
b
ea
ts
in
ev
er
y
in
s
tan
ce
an
d
m
etr
ic.
T
h
am
b
a
wita
'
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
W
av
eGA
N
an
d
Pu
ls
e2
Pu
l
s
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
GANs
in
g
en
er
atin
g
r
ea
lis
tic
s
y
n
th
etic
1
0
-
s
ec
o
n
d
12
-
lead
E
C
Gs,
with
th
e
latter
s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
W
av
eGA
N
in
g
e
n
er
atin
g
1
2
1
,
9
7
7
Dee
p
Fak
e
n
o
r
m
al
E
C
Gs
[
1
1
]
.
Ha
zr
a
an
d
B
y
u
n
[
1
2
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
Sy
n
Sig
GAN,
a
n
o
v
el
GAN
m
o
d
el
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
au
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
ly
g
en
e
r
atin
g
s
y
n
th
etic
b
io
m
e
d
ical
s
ig
n
a
ls
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
am
,
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
am
,
elec
tr
o
m
y
o
g
r
am
,
an
d
p
h
o
to
p
let
h
y
s
m
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ex
h
i
b
ited
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
an
d
o
th
e
r
GAN
m
o
d
els
b
ased
o
n
ev
al
u
atio
n
m
etr
ics.
B
h
ag
wat
an
d
R
av
ik
u
m
ar
[
1
3
]
em
p
l
o
y
ed
th
e
m
ea
n
av
er
a
g
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
(
MA
P)
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
t
o
g
en
er
ate
d
iv
er
s
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ies
f
r
o
m
r
ea
l
E
C
G
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
u
s
in
g
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ials
an
d
s
p
lin
e
f
its
i
n
R
2
v
ec
t
o
r
s
p
ac
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
GAN
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
MA
P
b
y
4
5
.
9
%
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
.
H
er
n
an
d
ez
-
Ma
tam
o
r
o
s
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
b
io
m
ed
ical
s
ig
n
als,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
a
s
tatis
tical
s
tag
e.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
co
u
ld
g
en
er
ate
f
iv
e
ty
p
es
o
f
b
i
o
m
ed
ical
s
ig
n
als,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
a
m
,
el
ec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
al
o
g
r
am
,
b
allis
to
ca
r
d
io
g
r
am
,
p
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
r
am
,
an
d
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
a
n
d
co
u
l
d
b
e
tr
ain
ed
in
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
e
g
ativ
e
tim
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
A
s
h
ar
ed
lim
itatio
n
am
o
n
g
all
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
-
b
ased
s
y
n
t
h
etic
E
C
Gs
is
th
at,
to
g
en
er
ate
an
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al,
th
ey
m
u
s
t
in
itially
ac
q
u
ir
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
a
d
atab
ase.
I
n
ac
cu
r
ac
ies
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
will
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
lea
d
to
in
ac
cu
r
ac
ies
in
th
e
s
y
n
th
e
tic
E
C
Gs.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
etic
E
C
Gs
ten
d
to
r
ep
licate
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
s
ig
n
als.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
if
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
E
C
G
wav
es,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
Gs
will
ex
h
ib
it
n
o
r
m
al
p
atter
n
s
an
d
will
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
a
n
y
ab
n
o
r
m
al
E
C
G
wav
es.
T
o
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
h
av
e
th
ese
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
f
o
r
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
to
lear
n
an
d
r
ep
licate
th
em
.
Q
u
i
r
o
z
-
J
u
á
r
e
z
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
f
o
u
r
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
h
e
t
e
r
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
o
s
c
i
ll
a
t
o
r
s
,
r
e
a
ct
i
o
n
-
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
s
p
a
t
i
a
ll
y
d
i
s
c
r
et
i
z
e
d
,
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
i
m
e
d
e
l
a
y
s
,
a
n
d
q
u
a
s
i
-
p
e
r
i
o
d
i
c
m
o
t
i
o
n
.
Pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
a
d
ju
s
t
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
E
C
G
p
at
t
e
r
n
s
a
r
e
c
h
al
l
e
n
g
i
n
g
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
co
m
p
l
e
x
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
C
h
e
f
f
e
r
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
ed
a
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
ic
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
u
s
in
g
t
h
r
e
e
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
o
s
c
il
l
a
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
ti
m
e
-
d
e
l
a
y
e
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
h
e
a
r
t
b
e
a
t
s
,
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
y
n
t
h
e
ti
c
E
C
Gs
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
a
l
a
n
d
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
al
r
h
y
t
h
m
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
i
r
f
o
c
u
s
i
s
o
n
s
p
e
ci
f
i
c
a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
a
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
a
t
r
i
a
l
f
l
u
t
te
r
,
a
t
r
i
a
l
f
i
b
r
i
ll
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
v
e
n
t
r
i
c
u
l
a
r
f
i
b
r
i
ll
a
t
i
o
n
.
Q
u
i
r
o
z
-
J
u
á
r
e
z
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
tw
o
R
L
C
l
i
n
e
a
r
o
s
c
il
l
at
o
r
s
r
e
p
r
es
e
n
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
t
r
i
a
a
n
d
v
e
n
t
r
i
c
l
es
,
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
n
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
l
c
a
r
d
i
ac
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
ei
r
m
o
d
e
l
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
s
o
n
l
y
h
e
a
l
t
h
y
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
E
C
G
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
,
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
ter
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
.
A
w
al
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
a
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
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d
im
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lem
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ted
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ein
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R
u
n
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e
-
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tta
o
r
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4
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
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wo
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etic
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o
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at
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er
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n
o
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el
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ataset.
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y
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s
in
g
s
y
n
th
etic
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ata,
th
is
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atas
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ad
d
r
ess
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p
r
iv
ac
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n
ce
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s
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ad
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C
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atasets
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e
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ep
t
p
r
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o
r
co
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f
id
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tiality
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s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
G
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
h
ar
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war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
war
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
Mik
r
o
m
ed
ia
5
f
o
r
STM
3
2
C
ap
ac
itiv
e,
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
th
e
STM
3
2
F4
0
7
Z
G
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
T
FT
d
is
p
lay
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
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r
am
o
f
th
e
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y
n
th
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G
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ig
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al
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en
er
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
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e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
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h
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
in
b
ea
ts
p
er
m
in
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te
(
b
p
m
)
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th
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ty
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e
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f
s
ig
n
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e
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o
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t
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ig
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at
1
2
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ig
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th
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C
G.
T
h
e
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r
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d
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cti
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f
t
h
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p
o
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s
p
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tr
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m
,
w
h
ich
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im
p
ac
ted
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y
r
esp
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in
u
s
ar
r
h
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th
m
ia
(
R
SA)
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Ma
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es,
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s
es
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o
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tr
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ar
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eter
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,
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u
ch
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r
eq
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e
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cy
,
s
tan
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a
r
d
d
e
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iatio
n
o
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r
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a
n
d
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
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en
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HF)
,
an
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th
e
r
ati
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o
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F to
HF.
Mik
r
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m
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o
r
STM
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C
a
p
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is
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ed
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s
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e
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n
t
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
STM
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7
Z
G
with
v
is
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al
T
FT
as
a
g
r
ap
h
ic
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s
er
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ter
f
ac
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GUI
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f
o
r
u
s
er
s
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ter
in
p
u
t
h
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r
t
r
ate
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n
tr
o
l
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ig
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u
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t.
T
h
e
to
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ch
s
cr
ee
n
ca
p
a
b
ilit
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o
n
th
e
v
is
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al
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ak
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e
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d
m
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h
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ig
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t.
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ad
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t
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e
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ig
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al
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lay
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ia
th
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th
e
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ig
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is
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n
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ted
to
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g
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ia
a
d
ig
ital
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to
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an
alo
g
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o
n
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te
r
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DAC)
u
s
in
g
DA
C
C
lick
.
T
h
e
an
alo
g
s
ig
n
al
th
at
co
m
es
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
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lick
alr
ea
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y
h
as
a
s
m
o
o
th
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al,
s
o
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
n
e
ed
to
d
o
a
lo
w
-
p
ass
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ilter
ag
ain
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A
d
if
f
er
en
tial v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
lo
wer
s
th
e
s
ig
n
al'
s
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
ce
it h
as b
ee
n
co
n
v
er
ted
to
an
alo
g
.
2
.
1
.
RSA
a
nd
M
a
y
er
wa
v
es
g
ener
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
au
to
n
o
m
ic
n
er
v
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
th
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
b
o
d
y
'
s
v
is
ce
r
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
m
p
ath
etic
an
d
p
a
r
asy
m
p
ath
etic
n
er
v
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
r
esp
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s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
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th
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d
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eq
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i
lib
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iu
m
an
d
ess
en
tial
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
b
o
d
y
.
W
ith
in
th
e
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
s
y
s
tem
,
th
is
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
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r
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lts
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lu
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in
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r
t
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a
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m
en
o
n
k
n
o
wn
as
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r
t
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ar
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HR
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[
2
3
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.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
th
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s
y
m
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ath
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en
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y
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m
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ts
:
lo
w
f
r
eq
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e
n
cy
(
L
F),
wh
ich
f
alls
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
0
4
-
0
.
1
5
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z,
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d
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ig
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f
r
e
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y
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1
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4
Hz,
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o
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r
r
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2
5
Hz.
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ly
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ically
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u
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cle
[
2
4
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sy
n
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etic
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C
G
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y
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te
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am
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2
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2
2
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2
2
2
2
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w
h
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v
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r
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a
b
l
e
1
a
n
d
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e
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t
t
h
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n
d
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F
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n
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e
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s
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n
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t
h
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ta
n
d
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r
d
d
e
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i
a
t
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2
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n
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r
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o
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e
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L
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a
n
d
H
F
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h
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l
e
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
at
i
o
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is
th
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h
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o
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l
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,
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t
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n
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e
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r
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e
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d
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g
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h
e
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F
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HF
r
at
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o
o
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t
ain
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d
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r
o
m
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2
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2
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
t
h
e
i
n
i
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ia
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v
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l
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e
1
=
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1
,
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25
,
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=
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01
,
2
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01
,
d
a
n
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2
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5
i
s
u
s
e
d
.
2
.
2
.
RR
T
a
cho
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m
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h
e
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ies
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th
e
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R
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ter
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(
)
,
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tr
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m
(
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n
b
e
o
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tain
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s
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th
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e
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ete
Fo
u
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ier
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s
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r
m
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DFT)
m
eth
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.
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wev
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r
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ir
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o
r
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eq
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ly
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tech
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e.
Acc
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g
to
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s
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d
y
b
y
Mc
Sh
ar
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et
a
l.
[
4
]
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
was
co
n
v
er
ted
t
o
√
(
)
an
d
th
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n
a
r
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ase
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at
was d
is
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er
s
ed
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etwe
en
0
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d
1
Hz.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
is
in
itially
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
r
ea
l
an
d
im
ag
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n
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p
r
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u
r
e
ca
n
th
e
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
f
r
eq
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e
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cy
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d
o
m
ain
s
ig
n
als
in
to
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e
-
d
o
m
ai
n
s
ig
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als.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
v
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s
s
ig
n
al,
wh
ich
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as
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ee
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g
iv
en
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r
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d
o
m
p
h
ase,
will
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
I
DFT
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
ea
l
an
d
im
ag
in
ar
y
p
ar
t.
T
h
e
I
DFT
was
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
R
R
t
ac
h
o
g
r
am
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
cr
ea
te
a
3
D
p
ath
later
o
n
,
th
e
an
g
u
l
ar
v
elo
city
f
r
o
m
th
e
tim
e
s
er
ies
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
)
=
2
/
(
)
wh
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
tim
e
s
er
ie
s
o
f
th
e
R
R
in
ter
v
al.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
6
2
0
-
1
6
3
1
1624
2
.
3
.
Dy
na
m
ica
l
m
o
del
A
th
r
ee
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
p
at
h
wit
h
,
,
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
ates
is
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
th
is
m
o
d
el.
On
e
R
R
in
ter
v
al
o
r
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
ea
ch
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
is
tr
ajec
to
r
y
cy
cle.
T
h
e
q
u
asi
-
p
er
io
d
icity
o
f
th
e
E
C
G
is
r
ef
lecte
d
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
v
em
en
t o
f
th
e
tr
ac
k
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
cy
cle
in
th
e
x
an
d
y
p
lan
es.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
E
C
G
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
n
a
tr
ajec
to
r
y
in
t
h
e
z
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
P,
Q,
R
,
S,
an
d
T
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
an
g
les
in
th
e
c
y
cle
n
a
m
ed
,
,
,
,
an
d
.
E
ac
h
p
o
in
t’
s
am
p
litu
d
e
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
an
d
ea
ch
wav
e
p
h
ase’
s
d
u
r
atio
n
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
.
T
h
is
d
y
n
am
ical
m
o
d
el
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
d
i
f
f
er
en
tials
eq
u
atio
n
s
as wr
itten
in
(
2
)
,
̇
=
−
̇
=
+
̇
=
−
∑
∆
e
xp
(
−
∆
2
2
2
)
{
,
,
,
,
}
−
(
−
)
(
2
)
wh
er
e
=
1
−
√
2
+
2
,
∆
=
(
−
)
2
,
=
2
(
,
)
an
d
is
th
e
an
g
u
la
r
v
elo
city
o
f
th
e
tr
ac
k
m
o
v
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
cy
cle.
B
aselin
e
wan
d
er
is
wr
itten
an
d
p
lu
g
g
ed
in
t
o
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
b
aselin
e
wan
d
er
is
n
o
is
e
t
h
at
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
a
p
p
ea
r
s
i
n
E
C
G
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
b
aselin
e
wan
d
e
r
eq
u
atio
n
is
wr
itten
as sh
o
wn
in
(
3
)
,
(
)
=
s
in
(
2
2
)
(
3
)
wh
er
e
=
0
.
15
m
V.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
at
io
n
s
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
n
u
m
er
ical
ly
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
-
o
r
d
e
r
R
u
n
g
e
-
Ku
tta
m
eth
o
d
with
a
f
ix
e
d
-
tim
e
s
tep
∆
=
1
/
wh
er
e
is
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
.
T
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
t
h
e
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
alu
e
(
ℎ
)
.
As
th
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
r
is
es,
th
e
wid
th
o
f
th
e
QR
S
n
ar
r
o
ws.
C
h
an
g
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
ar
e
m
ad
e
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
wid
th
an
d
th
e
an
g
u
la
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
α
i
ts
elf
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
(
4
)
,
=
√
ℎ
/
60
(
4
)
wh
er
e
α
is
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
ac
t
o
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Par
am
eter
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
E
C
G
m
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
y
with
α
m
o
d
u
latio
n
I
n
d
e
x
(
)
P
Q
R
S
T
-
T+
Ti
me
(
sec
s)
-
0
.
2
√
α
-
0
.
0
5
α
0
0
.
0
5
α
0
.
2
7
7
√
α
0
.
2
8
6
√
α
(
r
a
d
i
a
n
s)
−
√
3
−
√
12
0
12
5
√
9
−
√
60
5
√
9
0
.
8
-
5
.
0
3
0
.
0
-
7
.
5
0
.
5
2
.
5
0
.
7
5
2
.
5
0
.
2
α
0
.
1
α
0
.
1
α
0
.
1
α
0
.
4
−
1
0
.
2
α
2
.
4
.
4
th
o
rder
Rung
e
-
K
utt
a
R
u
n
g
e
-
Ku
tta
is
a
n
u
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
R
u
n
g
e
-
K
u
tta,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
g
iv
en
,
b
u
t
th
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
t
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
-
o
r
d
e
r
R
u
n
g
e
-
K
u
tta
m
eth
o
d
was
u
s
ed
to
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
th
at
wer
e
m
ad
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
in
(
2
)
.
R
u
n
g
e
-
Ku
tta
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t a
s
in
(
5
)
,
1
=
ℎ
(
,
)
2
=
ℎ
(
+
1
2
ℎ
,
+
1
2
1
)
3
=
ℎ
(
+
1
2
ℎ
,
+
1
2
2
)
4
=
ℎ
(
+
ℎ
,
+
3
)
+
1
=
+
1
6
(
1
+
2
2
+
2
3
+
4
)
(
5
)
wh
er
e
K
1
,
K
2
,
K
3
,
an
d
K
4
ar
e
R
u
n
g
e
-
Ku
tta
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
,
h
is
s
tep
s
ize,
x
is
in
p
u
t,
y
is
o
u
t
p
u
t,
an
d
n
is
s
eq
u
en
c
e.
2
.
5
.
DAC
a
nd
diff
er
ent
ia
l v
o
lt
a
g
e
div
ider
DAC
C
l
ick
is
th
e
d
ev
ice
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
als
to
an
alo
g
.
DAC
C
lick
is
a
12
-
b
it
d
ig
ital
-
to
-
an
al
o
g
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
MCP
4
9
2
1
wh
ich
is
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Mic
r
o
elec
tr
o
n
ics.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
DAC
C
lick
m
o
d
u
le
is
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
e
x
tr
em
ely
h
ig
h
p
r
ec
is
io
n
with
litt
le
n
o
is
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
emb
e
d
d
ed
s
ystem
fo
r
va
r
io
u
s
s
yn
th
etic
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
a
m
…
(
N
a
d
a
F
itr
ieya
tu
l
Hikma
h
)
1625
T
h
is
elim
in
ates
an
y
s
tep
s
in
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
DAC
C
lick
,
n
eg
atin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
(
L
PF
)
cir
cu
it.
DAC
C
lick
is
a
1
2
-
b
it
d
ig
ital
-
to
-
an
alo
g
c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
,
it
h
as
a
1
2
-
b
it
r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
d
ca
n
o
u
tp
u
t
an
a
n
alo
g
o
u
t
p
u
t
in
a
v
alu
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
-
4
0
9
5
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
DAC
C
lick
o
r
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
w
h
en
it
is
at
4
,
0
9
5
is
3
.
3
v
o
lts
.
Giv
en
t
h
at
th
e
DAC
C
lick
o
n
ly
h
as
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
3
.
3
V,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
co
n
v
er
tin
g
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
als
in
t
o
a
n
alo
g
is
to
a
d
d
th
e
g
r
ea
test
n
eg
ativ
e
v
alu
e
to
all
o
th
e
r
v
a
lu
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
v
alu
es
ar
e
n
eg
ativ
e.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
m
u
ltip
ly
ea
ch
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al
v
al
u
e
b
y
a
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
et
b
y
(
6
)
.
=
4
,
095
/
(
6
)
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al'
s
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
DAC
v
alu
es
th
at
will
b
e
o
u
tp
u
t
as
v
o
ltag
e
will b
e
as d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
(
7
)
.
=
∗
(
7
)
A
d
if
f
er
en
tial
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
cir
cu
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
tial sig
n
al
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
p
o
i
n
ts
1
an
d
2
[
2
6
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
Sig
n
al
g
en
er
atio
n
in
itially
t
o
o
k
p
lace
with
in
th
e
Mik
r
o
m
ed
ia
5
f
o
r
STM
3
2
C
ap
ac
itiv
e
p
latf
o
r
m
u
s
in
g
Mik
r
o
C
Pr
o
f
o
r
AR
M.
Mik
r
o
C
Pro
f
o
r
AR
M
was
u
ti
lized
af
ter
th
e
en
tire
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
a
n
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ig
n
al
ty
p
es
wer
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
.
T
h
is
p
latf
o
r
m
was
ch
o
s
en
d
u
e
to
its
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
AR
M
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
a
n
d
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
c
o
m
p
lex
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
task
s
ef
f
icien
tly
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
M
ik
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I
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b
p
m
)
an
d
s
elec
t
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
a
l
to
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
n
th
e
v
is
u
al
T
FT
d
is
p
lay
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
3
.
3
.
USB
UART Click
USB
UA
R
T
is
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
to
tr
an
s
m
it
s
er
ial
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
y
n
th
etic
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
USAR
T
ter
m
in
al.
T
h
is
s
er
ial
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
is
b
ein
g
s
en
t
with
t
h
e
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
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ein
g
s
to
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e
d
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t
f
ile
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d
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ad
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itio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
s
ig
n
al
test
in
g
with
o
th
er
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
s
u
ch
as
C
o
m
Po
r
t,
B
au
d
R
ate,
an
d
o
th
er
s
,
n
ee
d
to
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e
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n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
u
s
e
USB
UART
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lic
k
.
T
h
e
lo
g
is
u
s
ed
t
o
ch
o
o
s
e
a
f
ile
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
to
s
to
r
e
s
er
ial
d
ata
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
y
n
t
h
etic
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
th
en
b
e
s
tar
ted
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
s
tar
t lo
g
g
in
g
.
3
.
4
.
DAC
C
lick
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
in
to
an
al
o
g
s
i
g
n
al
f
o
r
m
.
DAC
C
lick
was
in
itialized
o
n
Mik
r
o
C
Pro
f
o
r
AR
M
an
d
p
la
ce
d
o
n
Mic
r
o
b
u
s
1
o
n
t
h
e
Mik
r
o
m
ed
ia
5
C
ap
ac
itiv
e
Sh
ield
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
m
u
s
t
th
en
b
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
to
an
a
n
alo
g
s
ig
n
al
with
a
s
im
ilar
f
o
r
m
af
ter
in
itializatio
n
.
DAC
C
lick
is
a
12
-
b
it
d
ig
ital
-
to
-
an
alo
g
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
it
h
as
a
1
2
-
b
it
r
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lu
tio
n
an
d
ca
n
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
alo
g
o
u
t
p
u
t
in
th
e
v
alu
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
to
4
,
0
9
5
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
is
s
u
ed
b
y
DAC
C
lick
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
wh
en
it
is
at
4
,
0
9
5
is
3
.
3
v
o
lts
.
W
ith
a
h
ig
h
1
2
-
b
it r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
DAC
C
lick
is
ab
le
to
is
s
u
e
a
s
m
o
o
th
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e'
s
DAC
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
et
to
a
v
alu
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
t
o
4
,
0
9
5
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
v
er
tin
g
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
to
an
alo
g
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
n
e
g
ativ
e
s
ig
n
al
v
alu
e
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
i
r
s
t.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
is
th
en
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
t
h
e
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
th
at
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
4
,
0
9
5
b
y
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
ig
n
al
v
alu
e.
3
.
5
.
Dif
f
er
ent
ia
l
v
o
lt
a
g
e
div
i
der
circ
uit
T
h
e
DAC
C
lick
s
ig
n
al
will
t
h
en
b
e
lo
wer
e
d
in
v
o
ltag
e
u
s
in
g
a
d
if
f
er
en
tial
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
v
id
er
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
L
ater
al
MI
s
ig
n
al
o
n
lead
V2
,
w
h
ich
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
.
A
ch
an
g
e
i
n
s
ig
n
al
am
p
litu
d
e
h
as
d
is
ce
r
n
i
b
le
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
R
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
esis
tan
ce
o
n
R
2
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
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t
s
ig
n
al,
ac
co
m
p
an
ie
d
b
y
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
o
is
e.
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o
n
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er
s
ely
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an
in
cr
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e
in
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e
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esis
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ce
o
f
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s
to
a
h
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g
h
er
v
o
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e
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th
e
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t
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ig
n
al
an
d
a
r
e
d
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in
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ig
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h
e
m
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g
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o
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atin
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a
v
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r
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(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
ater
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s
ig
n
al
MI
(
a)
lead
aVL
o
n
Mi
k
r
o
m
e
d
ia
5
a
n
d
(
b
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lead
V2
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n
DAC
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Q
ua
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a
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v
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an
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e
v
alid
atio
n
is
co
n
d
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cted
b
y
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o
m
p
ar
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n
g
th
e
d
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h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
al
u
es
with
th
e
a
ctu
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h
ea
r
t
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ate
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
ac
tu
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h
ea
r
t
r
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v
alu
es
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
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Pan
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[
1
]
.
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h
e
h
ea
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t
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ates,
m
ea
s
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ate
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4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als,
s
p
ec
if
ically
en
co
m
p
a
s
s
in
g
f
iv
e
d
is
tin
ct
class
es
:
n
o
r
m
al,
h
y
p
e
r
tr
o
p
h
y
,
m
y
o
ca
r
d
ial
in
f
ar
ctio
n
,
ST/T
ch
an
g
e,
an
d
c
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
th
ese
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
h
o
ld
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
alu
e,
ca
ter
in
g
to
th
e
ess
en
tial
r
esea
r
ch
in
E
C
G
s
ig
n
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
wh
ich
n
ec
ess
itates
ac
ce
s
s
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
atasets
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
l
o
f
f
er
s
u
s
er
s
th
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
to
s
et
t
h
eir
d
esire
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
an
d
s
elec
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
e
s
ig
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
en
a
b
lin
g
th
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
ig
n
al
ty
p
es.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
ig
n
al
s
will
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
o
n
th
e
v
is
u
al
T
FT
an
d
ar
e
ad
ap
tab
le
f
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
i
n
b
o
t
h
d
ig
ital
an
d
an
alo
g
f
o
r
m
ats
o
n
an
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e.
T
h
is
to
o
l
s
e
r
v
es
as
a
v
alu
ab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
r
esear
ch
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al
d
atasets
.
T
esti
n
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
i
n
s
tag
e
s
,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
test
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
er
atio
n
to
test
in
g
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
u
s
ed
.
I
n
test
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
R
SA
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
d
Ma
y
er
wa
v
es
ar
e
f
ir
s
t
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
two
Gau
s
s
ian
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
is
s
u
ed
ar
e
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
t
h
e
L
F
an
d
HF
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
Af
ter
th
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ter
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y
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ar
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eter
s
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G
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ig
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e
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a
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e
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o
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m
atio
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iv
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e
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G
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ig
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e
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
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s
ed
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clu
d
es
Mik
r
o
m
ed
ia
5
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o
r
STM
3
2
C
ap
ac
itiv
e,
DAC
C
lick
,
USB
UA
R
T
,
C
ODE
G
R
I
P,
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d
a
d
if
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er
e
n
t
ial
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e
d
iv
id
e
r
cir
cu
it.
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e
en
tire
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y
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th
at
h
as
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e
en
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o
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m
e
d
is
th
en
p
r
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g
r
a
m
m
ed
o
n
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r
o
m
ed
ia
5
f
o
r
STM
3
2
C
ap
ac
itiv
e.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
war
e
was
also
test
ed
in
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
T
FT
v
is
u
al
test
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
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y
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tin
g
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g
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t
s
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n
s
an
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r
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n
n
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
o
n
th
e
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FT.
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FT
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is
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als
s
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o
wed
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e
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ig
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al
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o
u
t
is
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e.
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llo
win
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th
at,
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u
s
ed
to
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u
tp
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t
th
e
s
ig
n
al
s
er
ial
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ata.
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h
e
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
was
co
r
r
ec
tly
s
to
r
ed
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d
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
.
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h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
u
s
e
DA
C
C
l
ick
to
co
n
v
er
t
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ig
ital
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ig
n
al
d
ata
in
to
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al
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g
.
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h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
h
as
g
o
o
d
r
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lts
s
in
ce
t
h
e
DAC
m
o
d
u
le
u
tili
ze
d
h
as
lo
w
n
o
is
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
cir
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it
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s
m
o
o
th
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
an
alo
g
s
ig
n
al
is
o
b
s
er
v
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s
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g
an
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e.
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ter
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
,
th
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
t
h
at
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
with
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
r
esis
tan
ce
,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
ig
n
al
h
as
m
o
r
e
n
o
is
e.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
as
r
esis
tan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
is
es,
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
al
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
.
Un
d
er
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al
ca
n
n
o
t
r
esem
b
le
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
am
p
litu
d
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e,
at
a
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
m
V,
th
e
s
ig
n
al
t
h
at
ap
p
ea
r
s
o
n
th
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
is
v
er
y
s
m
all
an
d
h
as
a
lo
t
o
f
n
o
is
e,
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
al
lo
s
es
its
o
r
ig
in
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
Ho
wev
er
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f
o
r
t
h
is
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n
,
a
d
i
f
f
er
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tial
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er
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u
s
ed
,
th
u
s
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
is
clo
s
er
to
a
r
ea
l
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
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[
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As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
,
m
eth
o
d
s
u
tili
zin
g
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
r
e
q
u
ir
e
a
d
atab
ase,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
will
in
ev
itab
ly
f
o
llo
w
th
e
lear
n
in
g
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
atab
ase.
T
h
is
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
m
ak
es
it
ch
allen
g
in
g
t
o
g
en
e
r
ate
s
ig
n
a
ls
with
m
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
ies
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ig
n
als.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
wh
en
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
u
s
e
d
y
n
am
ic
eq
u
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
E
C
G
d
ata,
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
s
im
p
ler
an
d
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
a
tin
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
s
y
n
t
h
etic
E
C
G
d
ata.
Mo
s
t
v
alid
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
in
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
u
tili
ze
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
s
im
ilar
ity
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ate
d
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al
.
T
h
is
r
elian
ce
o
n
q
u
alitativ
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
ak
es
s
u
b
jectiv
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
an
d
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ch
allen
g
in
g
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
s
im
ilar
ity
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al
an
d
t
h
e
g
en
er
ate
d
s
ig
n
al
u
s
in
g
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
h
as
a
lo
wer
er
r
o
r
r
ate
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
s
ev
er
al
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
em
p
lo
y
in
g
s
im
ilar
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
v
alid
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
E
C
G
d
ata
is
s
to
r
ed
in
b
o
th
d
ig
ital
an
d
a
n
alo
g
f
o
r
m
ats
an
d
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
in
Mik
r
o
m
e
d
ia
5
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
th
e
s
y
n
th
etic
E
C
G
m
o
d
el
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
m
ay
s
er
v
e
as
a
v
al
u
ab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
i
n
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
ap
h
y
.
I
t
en
ab
le
s
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
ab
n
o
r
m
al
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als,
aid
in
g
in
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
p
o
ten
ti
ally
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
h
ea
r
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
y
n
th
et
ic
E
C
G
g
en
er
ato
r
,
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
a
d
y
n
am
ical
m
o
d
el
th
at
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
12
-
lead
s
ig
n
al
u
n
d
er
v
ar
i
o
u
s
E
C
G
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
g
en
er
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
,
an
d
,
ea
ch
o
f
wh
ich
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
ea
k
s
,
th
e
w
id
th
(
tim
e
d
u
r
atio
n
)
o
f
ea
ch
p
e
ak
,
an
d
th
e
a
n
g
u
lar
v
elo
city
o
f
th
e
tr
ajec
to
r
y
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
ese
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
v
is
u
al
T
FT
h
ar
d
war
e
to
f
u
lf
ill
v
ar
io
u
s
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
ata
co
m
p
r
is
es
b
o
th
an
alo
g
an
d
d
ig
ital
E
C
G
d
ata.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
was
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
an
alo
g
s
ig
n
al
o
b
s
er
v
ed
o
n
th
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
alr
ea
d
y
r
ep
licates
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al.
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