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o
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
m
ig
r
atin
g
t
o
th
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
to
u
tili
ze
its
s
e
r
v
ices
[
8
]
.
W
ith
th
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
it
will
b
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
o
f
all
en
ter
p
r
is
es
to
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
r
tly
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws th
e
g
en
e
r
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
s
h
ar
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gen
e
r
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
s
h
ar
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
1
h
e
r
e
d
ep
icts
a
s
h
ar
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
’
s
cr
u
cial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
s
h
ar
ed
o
n
t
h
e
clo
u
d
p
a
r
ad
i
g
m
b
y
th
e
o
wn
er
s
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
estricte
d
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
an
d
s
ev
er
al
o
th
er
b
en
e
f
its
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
t
h
e
d
ata
s
h
ar
ed
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
is
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
m
u
ltip
le
u
s
er
s
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
v
a
r
io
u
s
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
d
ata
m
ay
b
e
leak
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
u
p
o
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
it.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
leak
ed
b
y
th
e
t
h
ir
d
p
a
r
ty
o
r
th
e
r
ec
i
p
ien
ts
;
th
ey
m
ay
s
teal
th
e
d
ata
b
y
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ize
d
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
illeg
al
m
ea
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
a
ta
th
at
is
d
is
clo
s
ed
o
r
lo
s
t
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
ay
p
o
s
e
a
s
er
io
u
s
th
r
ea
t
t
o
th
e
co
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
'
s
r
ep
u
tatio
n
co
u
l
d
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
tial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
its
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
er
s
an
d
its
r
an
k
a
n
d
s
tan
d
in
g
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
f
th
e
en
ter
p
r
is
e
is
a
n
ess
en
tial
ass
et,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
k
ee
p
th
is
ass
et
co
n
f
id
en
tial
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
.
T
h
is
lea
d
s
to
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
p
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
d
ata
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
a
s
h
a
r
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
B
esid
es
s
ev
er
al
f
ea
tu
r
es,
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
clo
u
d
-
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
,
th
is
r
esu
lts
in
v
ar
io
u
s
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
th
at
m
ay
h
in
d
e
r
its
g
r
o
wth
if
n
o
t
h
an
d
led
p
r
o
p
er
ly
[
1
0
]
.
B
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
p
er
m
its
its
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
an
d
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
ts
to
s
to
r
e
an
d
s
h
a
r
e
d
ata
v
ia
th
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
,
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
m
a
y
b
e
r
eliev
ed
o
f
th
e
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
in
clu
d
es
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
h
az
a
r
d
s
th
at
r
esu
lt
i
n
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
f
o
r
clo
u
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
[
1
3
]
.
Ou
ts
o
u
r
cin
g
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
s
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
ata
is
n
o
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
,
wh
ic
h
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
d
is
tr
ess
an
d
lead
to
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
s
en
s
itiv
e
an
d
v
alu
ab
l
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
a
n
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
th
e
s
er
v
er
b
ec
o
m
es
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
attac
k
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
s
h
ar
ed
d
ata
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
.
I
n
th
e
wo
r
s
t
-
ca
s
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
m
a
y
d
is
clo
s
e
u
s
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
u
n
lawf
u
l
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
,
th
e
d
ata
h
a
d
to
b
e
s
h
ar
ed
with
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
b
u
s
in
ess
p
ar
tn
er
s
,
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
,
v
ia
th
e
in
ter
io
r
o
r
ex
ter
io
r
o
f
th
e
en
ter
p
r
is
e'
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
en
d
m
is
h
an
d
les th
e
d
ata
an
d
in
ten
tio
n
ally
o
r
u
n
in
t
en
tio
n
ally
d
is
clo
s
es
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
th
i
r
d
p
a
r
ties
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Data
au
th
en
ticatio
n
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
r
ec
en
tly
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
ca
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
f
i
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
b
y
p
r
o
h
i
b
itin
g
d
ata
leak
a
g
e
an
d
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
m
alicio
u
s
ac
tiv
ity
th
at
c
au
s
es
d
ata
leak
ag
e,
th
is
em
er
g
in
g
c
h
allen
g
e
ca
n
b
e
o
v
er
co
m
e
to
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ex
ten
t.
T
o
p
r
o
tect
an
d
au
th
e
n
ticate
th
e
d
ata
o
n
a
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
s
ev
er
al
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
ad
d
r
ess
ex
is
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
th
er
e
is
alwa
y
s
r
o
o
m
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
er
tin
en
t
to
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
a
g
r
ea
ter
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
tr
en
d
s
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ely
s
h
ar
in
g
cl
o
u
d
-
b
ased
d
ata
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
s
v
e
r
i
f
i
a
b
l
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
-
a
w
a
r
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
i
c
(
VPEH
)
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
g
r
o
u
p
d
ata
s
h
ar
in
g
in
th
e
clo
u
d
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
wo
r
k
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f
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i)
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ased
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Dev
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
iva
cy
-
a
w
a
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
h
o
m
o
mo
r
p
h
ic
mec
h
a
n
is
m
fo
r
g
r
o
u
p
d
a
ta
s
h
a
r
in
g
(
J
a
ya
la
ksh
mi
K
a
r
ema
lla
ia
h
)
1807
ev
alu
ated
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ch
allen
g
ed
b
l
o
ck
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
a
r
am
eter
s
i.e
.
tag
g
en
er
atio
n
,
p
r
o
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
,
an
d
v
er
if
icatio
n.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
tar
ts
with
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
its
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
an
d
th
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im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
g
r
o
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p
d
ata
-
s
h
ar
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
F
u
r
th
er
,
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
clu
d
es
with
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
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d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
v
ar
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ity
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tco
m
in
g
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
VPEH
alo
n
g
with
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
m
ath
em
atica
l m
o
d
el,
VPEH
is
ev
alu
ated
in
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
Secu
r
ity
h
as
b
ee
n
a
m
ajo
r
co
n
ce
r
n
in
th
e
clo
u
d
s
in
ce
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
co
m
p
u
tin
g
m
o
d
els
as
th
ey
ar
e
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
d
u
e
to
ac
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
wh
er
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
m
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
f
id
en
tia
lity
,
in
teg
r
ity
,
an
d
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
'
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
is
cu
s
s
es
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
t
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
r
ec
en
t
p
ast
to
c
o
n
q
u
e
r
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
.
In
s
tu
d
y
[
1
1
]
,
t
h
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
i
n
teg
r
ity
,
a
n
d
au
th
en
ticity
o
f
d
ata
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
ia
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
-
b
a
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
in
te
g
r
ity
o
f
th
e
d
ata,
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
ey
s
,
a
n
d
h
ash
co
d
es
a
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
as
a
p
ar
t
o
f
a
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
i
n
teg
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
b
y
th
e
ellip
tic
cu
r
v
e
d
ig
ital sig
n
atu
r
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
-
Galo
is
co
u
n
te
r
m
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
f
u
l
w
h
ir
lp
o
o
l
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
to
o
f
f
er
a
u
th
e
n
ticity
an
d
s
ec
r
ec
y
.
L
ian
g
e
t
a
l.
[
1
2
]
s
u
g
g
ested
to
u
s
e
a
cip
h
er
tex
t
-
p
o
licy
attr
ib
u
te
-
b
ased
p
r
o
x
y
r
e
-
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
s
h
ar
in
g
o
f
clo
u
d
d
ata.
R
e
-
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
is
b
ein
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
k
e
y
-
g
en
e
r
atio
n
s
tag
es
th
at
g
o
with
it,
to
lo
wer
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
co
s
ts
an
d
en
h
an
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
w
n
er
en
cr
y
p
ts
th
e
d
ata
ac
ce
s
s
r
ig
h
ts
g
iv
en
to
o
th
e
r
s
o
n
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
p
latf
o
r
m
.
A
f
ile
h
ier
ar
ch
y
attr
ib
u
te
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
d
ata
au
th
en
ticati
o
n
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Sre
e
d
h
ar
a
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
al
b
ilin
ea
r
Dif
f
ie
-
Hellm
an
(
DB
DH)
,
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
ac
ts
as
an
ac
ce
s
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
t
o
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
f
ile
h
ier
ar
ch
y
cip
h
er
te
x
t
p
o
lic
y
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
(
FH
-
CP
-
AB
E
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
ich
ten
d
s
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
b
lo
ck
s
o
m
e
p
lain
tex
t
ass
au
lts
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
cip
h
er
tex
t
p
o
l
icy
attr
ib
u
te
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
(
CP
-
AB
E
)
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
an
d
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
th
an
it
d
o
es
f
o
r
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
th
at
th
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
co
s
t
in
c
r
ea
s
es
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
wh
en
ev
er
a
d
ata
o
wn
er
wan
ts
to
esti
m
ate
co
m
m
o
n
attr
ib
u
tes
an
d
an
in
t
eg
r
ated
cip
h
er
te
x
t
ju
s
t
o
n
ce
.
L
i
u
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
f
o
r
th
e
f
air
r
e
g
u
latio
n
o
f
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
d
ata
a
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
s
a
f
air
k
ey
g
en
er
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
p
r
ev
en
t
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
h
ar
ed
d
ata,
an
d
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
s
r
elo
ca
ted
th
eir
s
h
ar
es.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
co
n
ce
alin
g
t
h
e
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
k
ey
f
o
r
s
h
ar
e
d
d
ata
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ictitio
u
s
k
ey
s
.
A
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
s
o
m
e
s
h
ar
es
ar
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
th
ei
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
u
s
er
s
,
allo
win
g
th
em
to
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
r
ec
o
v
er
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
k
e
y
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
tu
d
y
also
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
th
e
au
th
en
ticatio
n
s
y
s
tem
was
s
til
l
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
esp
ite
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
s
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
s
ts
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
tim
e.
L
iu
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
C
P
-
AB
E
s
tr
ateg
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
s
t
o
f
in
ten
s
iv
e
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
at
th
e
u
s
er
en
d
,
wh
ich
in
cr
e
ases
with
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
licy
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
ts
o
u
r
cin
g
o
f
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
,
t
h
e
r
e
v
o
ca
tio
n
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes,
an
d
th
e
u
p
d
atin
g
o
f
r
u
les
w
h
en
u
s
er
attr
ib
u
tes
ch
an
g
ed
.
W
h
ile
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
e
v
alu
ated
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
o
v
er
h
ea
d
,
p
r
i
v
ac
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
is
o
n
e
ar
ea
wh
er
e
it
f
alls
s
h
o
r
t.
L
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
r
esen
t
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
d
ata
-
s
h
ar
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
L
DSS)
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
L
DSS
en
h
an
ce
d
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
tr
ee
to
en
a
b
le
th
e
m
o
b
ile
clo
u
d
-
r
ele
v
an
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
C
P
-
AB
E
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Usi
n
g
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
a
s
izab
le
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
d
e
v
ices'
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ar
e
d
eleg
ated
to
o
u
t
s
id
e
p
r
o
x
y
s
er
v
er
s
.
As
u
s
er
s
ex
ch
an
g
e
d
ata
u
n
d
er
m
o
b
ile
clo
u
d
s
ettin
g
s
,
L
DSS
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
lo
a
d
o
n
th
e
m
o
b
ile
d
e
v
ice.
A
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
p
r
iv
ileg
e
-
b
ased
m
u
ltil
ev
el
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
d
a
ta
s
h
ar
in
g
in
[
1
7
]
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
p
r
i
v
ileg
e
-
b
ased
m
u
ltil
ev
el
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
d
at
a
-
s
h
ar
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
(
P
-
MO
D
)
.
P
-
MO
D
ex
ten
d
s
t
h
e
attr
ib
u
te
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
a
p
r
iv
il
eg
e
-
b
ased
ac
ce
s
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
m
a
k
in
g
it si
m
p
ler
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
an
d
m
an
ag
e
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
s
ets.
T
es
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
as
well
as
g
en
er
atin
g
k
e
y
s
in
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
y
s
tem
with
m
an
y
lay
er
s
,
th
e
P
-
MO
D
tech
n
iq
u
e
m
ay
b
e
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
to
C
P
-
AB
E
[
1
8
]
an
d
FH
-
CP
-
A
B
E
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
P
-
MO
D
s
ch
em
e
also
h
as
f
ewe
r
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
v
er
all
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
s
y
s
tem
s
h
ier
ar
ch
y
a
ttrib
u
te
-
b
a
s
ed
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
(
HABE
)
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
a
n
d
FH
-
CP
-
AB
E
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
ettin
g
,
L
i
e
t
a
l.
[
2
2
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
lin
ea
r
s
ec
r
et
s
h
ar
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
L
SS
S)
m
atr
ix
ac
ce
s
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
b
ased
o
n
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
C
P
-
A
B
E
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
y
n
am
ically
u
p
g
r
a
d
e
th
e
f
i
le
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
p
o
licy
.
T
h
e
p
l
an
'
s
o
b
jectiv
es
ar
e
to
d
e
f
en
d
ag
ain
s
t
ch
o
s
en
-
p
lain
tex
t
attac
k
(
C
PA)
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
ex
p
en
s
es
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
d
ata
o
wn
er
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
x
y
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
(
PC
SP
)
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
aly
s
is
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
s
im
u
lati
o
n
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
p
o
licy
u
p
d
ate
C
P
-
AB
E
[
2
3
]
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ef
f
icien
tly
ad
m
in
is
ter
in
g
p
o
licy
ch
a
n
g
es
an
d
f
ile
u
p
d
ates.
Z
h
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
h
i
d
d
en
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
licy
C
P
-
A
B
E
,
h
id
d
en
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
licy
cip
h
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
1
8
0
5
-
1
8
1
6
1808
tex
t
p
o
licy
attr
ib
u
te
-
b
ased
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
(
HP
-
CP
-
AB
E
)
s
y
s
tem
with
an
ef
f
icien
t
au
th
o
r
ity
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
o
tect
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
Z
h
o
n
g
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
n
o
v
el
m
ig
r
atio
n
m
o
d
el
am
o
n
g
th
e
clo
u
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
k
ey
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
an
d
m
u
tu
al
au
th
en
tic
atio
n
m
o
d
el
o
n
th
e
ellip
tic
c
u
r
v
e
cr
y
p
to
g
r
a
p
h
ic
(
E
C
C
)
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
p
ee
r
-
to
-
p
e
er
clo
u
d
,
th
is
s
ch
em
e
aim
s
a
t
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
tr
u
s
t
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
Sh
en
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
a
n
o
v
el
p
ar
ad
ig
m
o
f
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
p
r
i
v
ate
k
ey
s
to
r
ag
e
,
in
h
er
e
b
io
m
et
r
ic
-
b
ased
d
ata
is
u
s
ed
as
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
a
lin
ea
r
s
k
etch
with
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
e
ctio
n
an
d
co
d
in
g
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
u
s
er
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
.
A
n
o
v
el
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
was
d
esig
n
e
d
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
lo
ck
-
less
v
er
if
iab
ilit
y
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
o
s
s
ess
e
s
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
,
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
tr
u
s
t
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
an
d
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
clo
u
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
o
d
el
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
b
o
th
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
asp
ec
t,
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
d
esig
n
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
s
a
VPEH
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
o
v
e
r
all
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
At
f
ir
s
t,
we
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
f
o
r
th
r
ee
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
i.e
.
tag
g
en
er
atio
n
,
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
o
f
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
u
n
lik
e
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
A
f
u
r
th
e
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
lev
el
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
to
d
e
v
elo
p
tr
u
s
t a
s
a
well
-
v
er
if
iab
le
m
o
d
el.
3
.
1
.
E
nh
a
nced
ho
m
o
mo
rphic e
ncry
ptio
n
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
n
o
v
el
as
it
u
s
es
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
h
ash
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
b
lo
c
k
s
,
wh
ich
in
cr
e
ases
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
ar
e
v
er
y
s
ec
u
r
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
ellip
tic
c
u
r
v
e
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
.
A
f
u
r
th
er
ad
d
itio
n
al
lev
el
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
tr
u
s
t
as
a
well
-
v
er
if
iab
le
m
o
d
el.
B
elo
w
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
o
ws
th
e
en
h
an
ce
d
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
E
n
h
a
n
ce
d
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
Step
1
: E
n
ter
th
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
f
ile
an
d
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
ch
alle
n
g
e
b
lo
c
k
s
(
K
).
Step
2
: D
iv
id
e
th
e
f
ile
in
to
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
f
ix
e
d
s
ize
,
wh
er
e
is
th
e
_
.
Step
3:
Select
a
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
l
th
at
is
co
m
p
ar
ativ
ely
p
r
im
e
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
ellip
tic
c
u
r
v
e
g
r
o
u
p
th
at
is
d
en
o
ted
as β.
Step
4
: G
en
er
ate
β (
pr
iva
te
k
e
y
,
pub
l
ic
k
e
y
)
Step
5
: Sele
ct
s
u
ch
th
at,
1
<
<
−
1
Step
6:
E
v
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
b
lo
ck
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
:
=
1
×
2
×
…
×
Step
7
: A
tag
f
o
r
th
e
f
ile,
J
=
G
×
RN
l
,
wh
er
e
is
th
e
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
Step
8
: E
v
alu
ate
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
th
e
tag
,
Sig
n
=
l
−
1
×
(
J
+
a
×
G
)
,
wh
er
e
a
d
en
o
tes th
e
p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
Step
9
: T
r
an
s
f
er
th
e
,
,
an
d
to
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t.
Step
1
0
: O
n
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t sid
e,
d
iv
id
e
th
e
f
ile
in
to
b
l
o
ck
s
o
f
s
ize
S
t
e
p
11:
C
a
l
c
u
la
t
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
a
s
h
(
K
)
,
w
h
e
r
e
P
=
P1
×
P2
×
…
.
×
PK
,
i
s
t
h
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
i
c
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
r
.
Step
12:
Ver
if
icatio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
u
tin
g
J
′
=
V
S
i
g
n
×
z
P
,
h
er
e
is
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
f
β
,
is
th
e
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
,
is
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
h
ash
,
a
n
d
(
K)
Step
1
3
: I
f
J
′
=
J
,
fil
e
=
a
uth
e
n
t
ic
,
else n
o
t a
u
th
e
n
tic
3
.
2
.
G
ener
a
t
io
n a
nd
u
pd
a
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
ata
f
ile
is
g
en
er
ated
wh
ich
is
en
c
r
y
p
ted
u
s
in
g
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
Up
o
n
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
a
cip
h
er
tex
t is g
en
er
ated
th
e
u
s
er
am
o
n
g
s
t th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
u
b
m
its
th
e
d
ata
th
at
is
en
cr
y
p
ted
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
t
o
th
e
μ
.
T
h
e
μ
is
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
with
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
an
d
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
k
e
y
,
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
to
μ
en
cr
y
p
ts
th
e
r
e
-
en
cr
y
p
ted
m
ess
ag
e.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
e
ncry
ptio
n
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
task
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
h
en
a
d
ata
f
ile
is
to
b
e
u
p
lo
ad
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
h
er
e
en
cr
y
p
ts
th
e
d
ata
f
ile
ε
f
o
r
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
(
)
wh
ich
is
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
f
er
en
ce
k
ey
χ
.
T
h
e
cip
h
er
tex
t
ℎ
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
ℎ
=
(
)
,
h
e
r
e
th
e
u
s
er
am
o
n
g
s
t
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
u
b
m
its
th
e
d
ata
th
at
is
en
cr
y
p
ted
to
t
h
e
µ
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
g
iv
en
in
(
1
)
.
(
AD
GM
,
AD
d
at
a
,
CT
MG
,
ν
d
at
a
,
μ
)
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
iva
cy
-
a
w
a
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
h
o
m
o
mo
r
p
h
ic
mec
h
a
n
is
m
fo
r
g
r
o
u
p
d
a
ta
s
h
a
r
in
g
(
J
a
ya
la
ksh
mi
K
a
r
ema
lla
ia
h
)
1809
Her
e
is
th
e
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
b
y
(
)
esti
m
ates
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
tim
e.
Her
e
th
e
µ
ch
ec
k
s
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
em
b
e
r
b
y
(
)
an
d
.
On
ce
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
v
alid
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e,
th
e
µ
p
ic
k
s
two
p
ar
am
eter
s
x
an
d
y
th
at
d
eter
m
in
es
=
xy
.
B
ased
o
n
R
SA
pu
b
lic
-
k
e
y
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
µ
h
er
e
p
ick
s
a
lar
g
e
i
n
teg
er
u
esti
m
ates
th
e
ad
jace
n
t
s
,
th
at
s
atis
f
ies
≡
1
(
−
1
)
(
−
1
)
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
µis
g
iv
en
b
y
(
u
,
x
)
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
k
e
y
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as
(
s
,
x
)
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
f
o
r
th
is
μ
en
cr
y
p
ts
th
e
r
e
-
en
c
r
y
p
ted
m
ess
ag
e
CT
G
as
g
iv
en
h
er
e
in
(
2
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
CT
cl
o
ud
is
u
p
lo
ad
ed
to
th
e
c
lo
u
d
to
th
e
μ
.
Hen
ce
f
o
r
th
to
v
a
lid
ate
a
leg
al
u
s
er
.
T
o
a
u
th
o
r
i
ze
a
leg
al
u
s
er
,
th
e
μ
d
eter
m
in
es
in
(
3
)
.
W
h
er
e
a
i
is
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
g
iv
e
n
a
n
d
s
elec
ted
b
y
th
e
μ
a
n
d
W
=
s
(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)
th
at
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
g
en
e
r
ates
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
o
w
k
n
o
wn
as
(
CT
cl
o
ud
,
G
s
)
.
Alo
n
g
th
e
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
g
i
v
en
as
(
H
C
,
j
C
)
is
s
u
ed
b
y
th
e
clo
u
d
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
au
th
en
ticatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ess
ag
es
u
p
lo
ad
ed
.
T
h
e
tu
p
l
e
is
g
iv
en
as
(
CT
cl
o
ud
,
G
s
)
with
th
e
s
ig
n
μ
is
u
p
lo
ad
ed
t
o
th
e
clo
u
d
.
CT
cl
o
ud
=
(
CT
G
)
t
(
2
)
G
s
=
(
ℝ
s
.
a
,
s
,
F
a
)
(
3
)
3
.
2
.
2
.
G
ro
up
m
e
m
ber
re
pu
di
a
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
ep
u
d
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
u
s
er
s
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
th
e
μ
wh
o
m
an
ag
es
th
e
PO.
T
h
e
PO
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
tu
p
le
(
H
i
,
j
i
,
T
i
)
d
ep
icts
t
h
e
m
em
b
e
r
i
alo
n
g
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
(
H
i
,
j
i
)
r
ep
u
d
iated
b
y
tim
e
T
i
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
is
PO
is
b
o
u
n
d
with
an
d
(
)
to
id
en
tify
PO.
B
as
ed
o
n
Va
l
R
(
)
,
a
r
ep
u
d
iate
m
em
b
er
is
n
o
t v
alid
ated
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
K
ey
up
da
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
u
p
g
r
a
d
in
g
a
k
ey
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
s
tep
s
:
f
ir
s
t,
u
p
d
atin
g
t
h
e
µ
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
f
er
en
ce
k
ey
d
en
o
ted
as
χ
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
k
e
y
(
s
,
x
)
.
No
tin
g
d
o
wn
th
e
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
n
ce
m
o
r
e,
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
o
u
ts
o
u
r
ce
d
d
ata,
th
is
p
r
ev
en
ts
th
e
co
llis
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
an
d
r
e
p
u
d
iated
r
an
d
o
m
ly
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
th
e
χ
is
u
p
d
ated
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
i
o
d
.
Her
e
PO
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
a
n
d
u
p
d
ated
to
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
χ
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
'
s
p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
(
s
,
x
)
is
u
p
d
ated
wh
en
ev
er
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
s
ch
an
g
es.
Fro
m
th
e
b
elo
w
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
h
er
e,
th
e
u
p
d
ate
o
f
th
e
µ
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ep
u
d
iated
u
s
e
r
d
o
es n
o
t p
o
s
e
an
y
th
r
ea
t d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
th
e
µ.
a.
T
h
e
µ
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
n
ew
p
u
b
lic/p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
p
air
s
(
s
∗
,
x
)
an
d
(
u
∗
,
x
)
an
d
s
elec
ts
a
n
ew
r
an
d
o
m
a
∗
.
b.
T
h
e
µ
h
er
e
esti
m
ates
th
e
G
s
∗
=
(
ℝ
s
.
a
,
s
,
F
a
)
g
en
er
ates
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
GS
(
)
.
G
s
∗
an
d
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
is
u
p
lo
ad
e
d
to
th
e
cl
o
u
d
.
c.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
r
ep
lace
s
G
s
by
G
s
∗
u
p
o
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l v
alid
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
atu
r
e.
I
t th
en
esti
m
ates.
CT
cl
o
ud
∗
=
(
CT
cl
o
ud
)
u
∗
u
⁄
(
4
)
3
.
3
.
F
ile
a
cc
ess
a
nd
t
ra
ce
a
bil
it
y
3
.
3
.
1
.
Acc
ess
f
ile
T
o
r
etr
iev
e
th
e
d
ata
s
to
r
ed
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
d
ata
r
eq
u
ested
as
r
e
q
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
au
th
e
n
ticated
u
s
er
o
b
tain
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
g
r
o
u
p
d
ata
f
o
r
th
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
µ
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
ce
k
ey
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
a.
T
h
e
u
s
er
h
er
e
tr
a
n
s
m
its
th
e
d
ata
r
eq
u
est
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
(
AD
GM
,
AD
d
at
a
,
,
v
,
μ
)
f
o
r
th
e
µ,
wh
er
e
AD
d
at
a
d
en
o
tes
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
g
r
o
u
p
d
at
a.
AD
Her
e
d
ep
icts
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
tim
e
an
d
μ
is
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
(
(
AD
GM
,
AD
d
at
a
,
,
v
)
.
b.
T
h
e
µ
tr
an
s
m
its
an
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
as
s
GM
→
L
=
ℝ
k
e
u
p
⁄
to
t
h
e
clo
u
d
a
f
ter
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
Va
l
S
(
)
an
d
Va
l
R
(
)
.
s
GM
→
L
d
ep
icts
th
e
au
th
en
ticated
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
µto
g
r
o
u
p
u
s
er
.
k
e
d
ep
icts
th
e
s
ec
r
et
k
ey
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
e
m
b
er
a
n
d
u
p
is
th
e
p
r
esen
t p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
o
f
t
h
e
µ.
c.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
th
e
a
u
th
en
tica
ted
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
µ
t
h
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
esti
m
ates:
r
e
q
=
(
s
(
ℝ
k
e
u
p
⁄
,
R
u
p
.
a
p
),
u
p
.
M
a
p
)
=
(
s
(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)
k
e
.
a
p
,
u
p
.
M
a
p
)
(
5
)
d.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
d
ata
r
eq
u
ested
an
d
r
e
q
f
r
o
m
th
e
clo
u
d
,
th
e
u
s
er
with
th
e
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
k
e
o
b
tain
s
th
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
e
cr
et
k
ey
b
y
th
e
µ
esti
m
ated
as:
u
p
=
(
u
p
.
M
a
p
)
/
(
s
(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)
k
e
.
a
p
)
1
k
e
⁄
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
1
8
0
5
-
1
8
1
6
1810
3
.
3
.
2
.
T
ra
ck
ing
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
µ
i
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
ac
tu
al
id
en
tity
o
f
th
e
d
ata
o
wn
er
wh
en
an
ar
g
u
m
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
a
r
g
u
m
en
t
g
e
n
er
at
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
f
ile
is
g
iv
en
a
s
AD
d
at
a
,
th
e
µ
o
b
tain
s
a
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
β
d
at
a
o
n
th
e
f
ile.
Af
ter
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
atu
r
e’
s
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
an
d
a
r
e
p
u
d
iatio
n
v
alid
atio
n
,
th
e
µ
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
a.
T
o
co
m
p
u
te
N
a
=
O
3
−
(
ζ1
.
O
1
+
ζ2
.
O
2
)
b
y
th
e
m
aster
k
e
y
(
ζ1
,
ζ2
)
.
b.
B
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
u
s
er
lis
t to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
ea
l id
e
n
tity
o
f
th
e
d
ata
o
wn
er
.
3
.
4
.
Securit
y
a
na
ly
s
is
Her
e
in
th
is
s
ec
t
io
n
,
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
v
ia
d
ata
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
,
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
,
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l.
I
n
th
is
s
ch
em
e
w
h
er
e
a
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
u
s
er
,
an
d
th
e
v
o
lu
n
teer
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
tic
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
tim
e
T
u
r
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
as
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
n
en
t.
A
p
ass
iv
e
o
p
p
o
n
en
t
is
a
p
er
s
o
n
th
at
attem
p
ts
to
lear
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
u
ts
o
u
r
ce
d
d
ata
o
v
er
h
ea
r
d
o
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
an
d
wid
th
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
co
n
f
er
en
ce
k
ey
.
3
.
4
.
1
.
Securit
y
a
na
ly
s
is
f
o
r
d
a
t
a
co
nfident
ia
lity
I
n
th
is
s
ch
em
e
wh
er
e
a
u
s
er
s
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
,
an
d
th
e
v
o
l
u
n
teer
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
tim
e
T
u
r
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
as
th
e
o
p
p
o
n
e
n
t.
A
p
ass
iv
e
o
p
p
o
n
en
t
is
a
p
er
s
o
n
th
at
attem
p
ts
to
le
ar
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
u
ts
o
u
r
ce
d
d
ata
o
v
er
h
ea
r
d
o
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
an
d
wid
th
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
co
n
f
er
en
ce
k
ey
.
A
n
o
p
p
o
n
en
t
h
as
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
th
at
{
ℝ
,
D
,
v
2
(
KD
a
)
|
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
}
,
th
er
eb
y
th
e
s
ess
io
n
k
ey
i
a
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
,
a
is
p
r
o
tecte
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
p
p
o
n
en
t.
I
f
S
≈
pl
Y
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
e
p
icted
as
s
ec
u
r
e
ag
ain
s
t
a
p
ass
iv
e
attac
k
.
S
≈
pl
Y
s
h
o
ws
two
tu
p
les
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les.
C
=
{
ℝ
,
α
,
v
2
(
KG
a
)
,
s
(
ℝ
,
∑
i
a
x
a
=
1
κ
a
)
|
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
}
,
an
d
D
=
{
ℝ
,
α
,
v
2
(
KG
a
)
,
b
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
,
b
∈
M
h
∗
}
,
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
.
Her
e
b
∈
M
h
∗
is
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
n
u
m
b
er
.
I
f
S
≈
pl
Y
f
o
r
all
th
e
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
C
an
d
D
is
s
m
aller
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
1
2
+
1
O
(
v
)
f
o
r
all
O
(
v
)
.
Her
e
v
∈
Z
+
A
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
ar
a
m
eter
i
n
th
e
k
ey
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
th
at
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
s
ize
o
f
ρ
,
all
th
e
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ials
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
tic
tim
e
with
v
as
th
e
in
p
u
t.
I
f
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
S
a
≈
pl
a
Y
h
o
ld
s
f
o
r
all
th
e
us
e
r
s
a
,
th
en
S
≈
pl
Y
.
Fo
r
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
o
f
a
d
is
cr
ete
lo
g
ar
ith
m
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
o
n
ellip
tic
cu
r
v
es
wh
en
V
h
as
a
h
ig
h
v
alu
e
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
an
5
1
2
-
b
its
lo
n
g
we
g
et
S
a
≈
pl
a
Y
.
Hen
ce
,
we
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
⋀
C
a
x
−
1
a
=
0
≈
pl
⋀
D
a
x
−
1
a
=
0
,
(
C
≈
pl
D
).
C
a
={
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
a
)
,
s
(
ℝ
,
∑
i
a
x
a
=
1
κ
a
)
|
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
}
(
7
)
D
a
={
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
a
)
,
D
a
}
(
8
)
C
=
(
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
a
)
,
s
(
ℝ
,
∑
i
a
x
a
=
1
κ
a
)
|
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
)
(
9
)
C
=
(
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
a
)
,
s
(
ℝ
,
∑
i
a
x
a
=
1
κ
a
)
|
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
)
=
(
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
0
)
,
V
2
(
KG
1
)
,
…,
,
V
2
(
KG
x
−
1
)
,
s
(
ℝ
,
i
0
κ
0
)
.
s
(
ℝ
,
i
1
κ
1
)
…
…
.
.
s
(
ℝ
,
i
x
−
1
κ
x
−
1
)
=
⋀
C
a
x
−
1
a
=
0
(
1
0
)
D
=
(
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
a
)
,
d
|
0
≤
a
≤
x
−
1
,
b
∈
M
h
∗
)
=
(
ℝ
,
α
PB
,
V
2
(
KG
0
)
,
V
2
(
KG
1
)
,
…,
,
V
2
(
KG
x
−
1
)
,
d
)
=
⋀
D
a
x
−
1
a
=
0
(
1
1
)
3
.
4
.
2
.
Securit
y
f
ra
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
un
k
no
wn
Her
e
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
id
en
tity
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
wh
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
s
i
g
n
atu
r
e
is
p
r
eser
v
ed
,
wh
ich
i
m
p
lies
th
e
an
o
n
y
m
ity
o
f
th
is
s
ch
em
e.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
μ
an
en
tity
ac
q
u
ir
es
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
β
1
,
β
2
a
n
d
β
3
.
T
h
e
en
tire
co
n
s
tr
ain
t c
an
n
o
t r
e
v
ea
l th
e
u
s
er
wh
o
s
ig
n
s
id
en
tit
y
,
g
iv
e
n
as
;
R
i
=
β
3
−
(
ζ1
β
1
+
ζ2
β
2
)
.
3
.
4
.
3
.
Securit
y
f
ra
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
v
er
if
ica
t
io
n
T
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
id
en
tity
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
wh
o
s
ig
n
s
ca
n
b
e
tr
ac
k
ed
v
ia
th
e
µ
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
s
ch
em
e.
T
h
e
µ
ac
q
u
ir
es
R
i
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
aster
k
ey
(
ζ1
,
ζ2
)
in
a
n
e
f
f
icien
t
m
an
n
er
.
T
o
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
id
en
tity
o
f
th
e
KG
a
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
wh
o
s
ig
n
s
b
y
ex
a
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
lis
t m
ain
tain
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
iva
cy
-
a
w
a
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
h
o
m
o
mo
r
p
h
ic
mec
h
a
n
is
m
fo
r
g
r
o
u
p
d
a
ta
s
h
a
r
in
g
(
J
a
ya
la
ksh
mi
K
a
r
ema
lla
ia
h
)
1811
3
.
4
.
4
.
Va
lid
a
t
io
n o
f
t
he
g
ro
u
p si
g
na
t
ure
I
t
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
attac
k
er
o
r
i
n
tr
u
d
es
to
g
en
er
ate
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e,
a
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
tim
e
-
alg
o
r
ith
m
δ
o
cc
u
r
s
th
at
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
f
o
r
g
in
g
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
with
o
u
t
an
y
p
r
o
b
ab
il
ity
.
I
n
a
r
an
d
o
m
o
r
ac
le,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
ξ
g
en
er
a
tes
two
v
alid
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
(
H
,
μ
0
,
f
,
μ
1
)
an
d
(
H
,
μ
0
,
f
′
,
μ
1
′
)
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
b
tain
s
a
s
ec
r
et
k
ey
(
y
′
,
C
′
)
b
y
esti
m
atin
g
y
′
=
∆
c
h
∆
v
an
d
C
′
=
β
3
−
∆
c
m
+
∆
c
n
∆
v
,
h
er
e
is
u
s
ed
to
f
o
r
g
e
a
v
alid
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
e.
{
μ
0
=
(
β
1
,
β
2
,
β
3
,
f
,
ℳ
1
,
ℳ
2
,
ℳ
3
,
ℳ
4
,
ℳ
5
)
f
=
j
(
ℊ
,
β
1
,
β
2
,
β
3
,
ℳ
1
,
ℳ
2
,
ℳ
3
,
ℳ
4
,
ℳ
5
)
f
′
=
j
′
(
β
1
,
β
2
,
β
3
,
f
,
ℳ
1
,
ℳ
2
,
ℳ
3
,
ℳ
4
,
ℳ
5
)
μ
1
=
(
c
m
,
c
n
,
c
k
,
c
ρ
1
,
c
ρ
2
)
μ
1
′
=
(
c
m
′
,
c
n
,
′
c
h
,
′
c
ρ
1
′
c
ρ
2
′
)
(
1
2
)
{
c
m
=
g
m
+
km
c
m
′
=
g
m
+
c
′
m
c
n
=
g
n
+
kn
c
n
′
=
g
n
+
c
′
n
c
h
=
g
h
+
kh
c
h
′
=
g
h
+
c
′
h
c
ρ
1
=
g
ρ
1
+
k
ρ
1
c
ρ
1
′
=
g
ρ
1
+
c
′
ρ
1
c
ρ
2
=
g
ρ
2
+
k
ρ
2
c
ρ
2
′
=
g
ρ
2
+
c
′
ρ
2
(
1
3
)
3
.
4
.
5
.
Securit
y
f
ra
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
a
cc
ess
co
ntr
o
l
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
o
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
we
ca
n
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
at
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
r
eg
is
ter
ed
u
s
er
w
h
o
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
r
ep
u
d
iated
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
clo
u
d
an
d
th
e
r
ep
u
d
iate
d
u
s
er
is
n
o
t
ab
le
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
clo
u
d
a
f
ter
r
ep
u
d
iatio
n
.
User
s
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
ab
le
t
o
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
clo
u
d
af
ter
r
e
p
u
d
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
)
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
wh
o
a
r
e
n
o
t
r
ep
u
d
iated
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
e
q
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
:
ℳ
1
=
ℳ
1
,
ℳ
2
=
ℳ
2
,
ℳ
3
=
ℳ
3
,
ℳ
4
=
ℳ
4
,
ℳ
5
=
ℳ
5
.
Hen
ce
f
o
r
th
th
e
h
ash
v
alu
e
is
eq
u
al
to
q
1
(
ℊ
,
β
1
,
β
2
,
β
3
,
ℳ
1
,
ℳ
2
,
ℳ
3
,
ℳ
4
,
ℳ
5
)
,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
etu
r
n
s
‘
tr
u
e’
.
W
e
ca
n
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
ℳ
1
=
ℳ
1
by
th
e
g
iv
en
in
(
1
4
)
.
Similar
ly
,
to
th
is
we
h
av
e
ℳ
2
=
ℳ
2
,
,
ℳ
4
=
ℳ
4
,
ℳ
5
=
ℳ
5
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
ℳ
3
=
ℳ
3
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
ea
s
o
n
.
T
h
is
i
s
m
at
h
em
atica
lly
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
(
1
5
)
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
h
er
e
ar
e
r
ep
u
d
i
ated
b
y
th
e
µ
wh
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
clo
u
d
af
ter
r
ep
u
d
iatio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
th
e
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
a
r
ep
u
d
iated
u
s
er
,
th
er
e
ex
is
ts
an
th
at
s
h
o
ws th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
ℳ
3
−
l
g
,
Q
Z
)
=
t
,
as m
en
tio
n
in
(
1
6
)
.
ℳ
1
=
c
m
.
G
–
c.
β
1
= (
g
m
+
km
)
.
G
−
c
.
m
.
G
=
g
m
.
G
=
ℳ
1
(
1
4
)
ϖ
3
=
(
s
(
ℳ
3
,
P
)
s
(
K
,
K
)
)
C
.
s
(
ℳ
3
,
K
)
c
h
.
s
(
Q
,
P
)
−
c
m
−
c
n
=
s
(
Q
,
K
)
−
c
ρ
1
−
c
ρ
1
=
(
s
(
ℳ
3
,
P
)
s
(
K
,
K
)
)
C
.
s
(
ℳ
3
,
K
)
r
h
+
kh
.
s
(
Q
,
P
)
−
r
m
−
cm
−
c
n
−
cn
=
s
(
Q
,
K
)
−
r
ρ
1
−
khm
−
r
ρ
1
−
khn
=
(
s
(
ℳ
3
,
P
)
s
(
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d
th
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o
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s
ed
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y
n
am
ic
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p
d
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4
.
1
.
E
x
perim
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l set
up
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o
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m
p
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tag
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Pro
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en
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d
Pro
o
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e
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ata
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n
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tially
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ar
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2
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m
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f
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g
e
c
o
s
t
.
T
h
e
m
e
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by
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
d
i
v
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e
t
h
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f
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e
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o
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b
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[
2
7
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–
[
2
9
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.
F
u
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[
3
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i
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P
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4
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3
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x
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3
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1
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T
a
g
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Fig
u
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ased
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r
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r
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6
0
0
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d
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0
0
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l
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s
.
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n
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DI
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f
o
r
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0
0
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lo
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th
e
v
alu
e
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s
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v
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s
2
.
3
,
i
d
en
tity
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ased
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DI
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f
o
r
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0
0
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lo
c
k
s
o
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s
er
v
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v
alu
e
o
f
2
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5
,
d
at
a
d
ed
u
p
licatio
n
o
b
s
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a
v
alu
e
o
f
3
.
2
,
id
en
tity
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ased
r
em
o
t
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ata
p
o
s
s
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n
ch
ec
k
in
g
(
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DP
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o
b
s
er
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v
alu
e
o
f
3
.
4
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d
PS
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b
s
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v
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v
alu
e
o
f
0
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0
0
0
1
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1
.
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n
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DI
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f
o
r
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0
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lo
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th
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v
alu
e
o
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s
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4
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7
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id
en
tity
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ased
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DI
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f
o
r
4
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lo
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o
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er
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ata
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p
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o
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v
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f
5
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2
,
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d
en
tity
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b
ased
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DPC
o
b
s
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e
s
a
v
alu
e
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f
5
.
7
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d
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v
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o
f
0
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0
0
1
6
7
2
.
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n
th
e
R
DI
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eth
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f
o
r
6
0
0
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lo
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alu
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6
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8
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en
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ased
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lo
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2
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p
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6
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d
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ased
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0
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0
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0
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n
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DI
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r
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lo
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e
v
alu
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8
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3
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d
en
tity
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ased
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DI
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o
r
8
0
0
b
lo
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s
o
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s
er
v
es
a
v
alu
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f
9
,
d
ata
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p
licatio
n
o
b
s
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a
v
alu
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o
f
9
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5
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d
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n
t
ity
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ased
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DI
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o
b
s
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a
v
alu
e
o
f
1
0
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1
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n
d
PS
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iv
es
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
3
4
4
.
I
n
R
DI
C
f
o
r
1
,
0
0
0
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lo
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k
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th
e
v
alu
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o
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e
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is
1
2
,
in
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d
en
tit
y
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ased
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DI
C
f
o
r
2
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tem
f
o
r
t
a
r
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t
g
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n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
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p
r
o
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n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
ta
i
l
o
f
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a
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i
s
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x
p
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d
i
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b
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l
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h
i
c
h
d
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m
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ti
v
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s
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u
d
y
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
.
4
.
4
.
1
.
T
a
g
g
ener
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
is
is
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
tag
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
,
th
e
PS
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
f
o
r
2
0
0
b
lo
c
k
s
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
s
y
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tem
(
ES
)
v
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s
e
r
v
ed
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3
.
4
w
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at
0
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0
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Fo
r
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0
0
b
lo
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t
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e
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v
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o
b
s
er
v
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at
5
.
7
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d
PS
v
al
u
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v
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as
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0
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6
7
2
.
Fo
r
6
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b
lo
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d
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.
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r
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lo
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e
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1
0
.
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4
4
.
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r
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,
0
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3
.
8
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n
d
th
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s
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v
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0
0
0
2
3
4
.
I
n
t
h
e
en
d
t
o
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
o
u
r
PS
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
ette
r
th
an
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
co
s
t c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
th
e
tim
e
u
tili
ze
d
is
les
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
esu
ltin
g
in
an
o
v
e
r
all
im
p
r
o
v
is
atio
n
o
f
2
0
0
%.
T
ab
le
1
g
iv
es
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
ta
g
g
en
e
r
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
o
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
a
g
g
en
e
r
atio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
N
o
o
f
b
l
o
c
k
s
ES
PS
2
0
0
3
.
4
0
.
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
0
0
5
.
7
0
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1
6
7
2
6
0
0
8
0
.
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
1
0
.
1
0
.
0
0
0
3
4
4
1
,
0
0
0
1
3
.
8
0
.
0
0
0
2
3
4
4
.
4
.
2
.
P
ro
o
f
g
ener
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
is
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
o
f
g
en
e
r
a
tio
n
,
th
e
PS
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
f
o
r
2
0
0
b
l
o
ck
s
th
e
E
S
v
alu
e
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b
s
er
v
e
d
is
1
.
6
a
n
d
th
e
PS
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alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
is
0
.
0
1
0
3
9
5
.
Fo
r
4
0
0
b
lo
ck
s
,
th
e
E
S v
alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
is
2
.
4
a
n
d
th
e
PS
v
alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
is
0
.
0
0
3
2
7
1
.
Fo
r
6
0
0
b
l
o
ck
s
,
th
e
E
S v
alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
is
3
.
1
an
d
th
e
PS
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alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
is
0
.
0
0
2
1
6
.
Fo
r
8
0
0
b
lo
ck
s
,
th
e
E
S
v
alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
is
3
.
8
an
d
th
e
PS
v
alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
is
0
.
0
0
2
0
2
6
.
Fo
r
1
0
0
0
b
lo
c
k
s
,
th
e
E
S
v
alu
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
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4
.
5
6
an
d
th
e
PS
v
alu
e
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
as
0
.
0
0
2
0
9
8
.
I
n
th
e
en
d
to
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
o
u
r
PS
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
an
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
co
s
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
th
e
tim
e
u
tili
ze
d
is
less
in
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
n
o
v
er
al
l
im
p
r
o
v
is
atio
n
o
f
2
0
0
%.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws th
e
p
r
o
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Pro
o
f
g
e
n
er
atio
n
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
N
o
o
f
b
l
o
c
k
s
ES
PS
2
0
0
1
.
6
0
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0
1
0
3
9
5
4
0
0
2
.
4
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0
0
3
2
7
1
6
0
0
3
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1
0
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0
0
2
1
6
8
0
0
3
.
8
0
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0
0
2
0
2
6
1
,
0
0
0
4
.
5
6
0
.
0
0
2
0
9
8
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