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[
1
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g
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m
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d
[
2
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–
[
4
]
,
L
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x
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[
5
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,
d
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a
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[
6
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[
7
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m
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8
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[
1
5
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an
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AC
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1
6
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[
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7
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2
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[
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2
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[
2
4
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f
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2
5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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Vo
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No
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2
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Ap
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20
25
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1
3
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1386
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3
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[
4
3
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.
T
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e
a
b
o
v
e
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
r
atio
n
al
way
s
o
f
f
in
d
i
n
g
an
s
wer
s
.
Ab
le
to
f
in
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
an
s
wer
in
all
ar
ea
s
(
g
lo
b
al
o
p
tim
u
m
)
with
f
ast
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
o
lv
e
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
en
d
em
ic
an
s
wer
s
m
a
y
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
,
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
to
an
s
wer
s
is
r
elativ
ely
s
lo
w
s
in
ce
it
is
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
s
tar
ts
with
r
a
n
d
o
m
izatio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
,
B
C
O
i
s
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
et
h
o
d
t
o
s
o
lv
e
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
t
tak
es f
ewe
r
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
th
e
a
n
s
wer
s
is
g
o
o
d
.
Dem
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
v
er
o
th
er
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
m
a
k
es
B
C
O
s
u
itab
le
to
b
e
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
an
s
wer
s
.
B
ased
o
n
p
ast
r
ese
ar
ch
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
to
a
d
d
r
ess
E
L
D
is
s
u
es,
p
r
im
ar
ily
co
n
ce
n
tr
atin
g
o
n
m
in
im
izin
g
to
tal
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ex
p
en
s
es.
An
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
co
s
t
is
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
lo
s
s
,
wh
ic
h
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
co
s
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
E
L
D
f
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
l
o
west
to
tal
co
s
ts
an
d
lo
west
to
tal
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
p
r
esen
ts
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
ad
d
is
p
at
ch
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
f
u
el
co
s
ts
o
f
s
m
o
o
th
an
d
n
o
n
-
s
m
o
o
th
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
lim
itatio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
lim
it,
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e,
an
d
th
e
r
ated
lo
ad
.
W
e
test
ed
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
3
u
n
its
,
6
u
n
its
,
an
d
1
5
u
n
its
o
f
g
en
e
r
a
to
r
s
,
ea
ch
with
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
3
0
0
,
1
,
2
6
3
,
a
n
d
2
,
6
3
0
MW,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
h
y
b
r
id
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
(
HB
C
O)
,
m
o
d
if
ied
h
y
b
r
id
lo
g
is
tic
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
(
MH
L
B
C
O)
,
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
-
a
n
t
co
lo
n
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
HPSO)
,
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
m
o
d
if
ie
d
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
MPSO)
,
t
u
n
in
g
v
a
r
ian
ce
ad
ap
tiv
e
ch
a
o
tic
-
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
T
VAC
-
E
PS
O)
,
d
if
f
er
en
tial
ev
o
lu
tio
n
with
b
io
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
y
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
en
h
an
ce
d
h
o
n
e
y
b
ee
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
E
HSA)
,
cu
ck
o
o
s
ea
r
c
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
o
cial
s
p
id
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
d
if
f
er
en
tial
ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
,
r
ev
er
s
e
C
au
ch
y
b
ased
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
R
C
B
A)
,
m
o
d
if
ied
g
r
e
y
wo
lf
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
ex
c
h
an
g
e
m
ar
k
et
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
eth
o
d
s
.
2.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
U
L
AT
I
O
N
E
co
n
o
m
ical
lo
ad
d
is
p
atch
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
aim
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
a
tio
n
wh
ile
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
lo
s
s
es
to
th
e
lo
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
lev
els.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
p
e
r
ate
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
tem
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
lo
ad
d
is
p
atch
en
s
u
r
es e
f
f
icien
t r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
s
s
y
s
tem
r
e
liab
ilit
y
,
as f
o
llo
ws:
2
.
1
.
O
bje
ct
iv
e
f
un
ct
io
n
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
ar
e
th
e
lo
west
to
tal
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t a
n
d
th
e
lo
west tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
lo
s
s
.
(
)
(
)
1
N
M
i
n
F
F
P
ii
k
=
=
(
1
)
(
)
(
)
1
N
M
i
n
T
L
P
P
i
l
o
s
s
k
=
=
(
2
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t o
f
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
atio
n
,
is
th
e
to
tal
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e,
is
th
e
th
g
en
er
ato
r
,
is
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
(
)
is
th
e
f
u
el
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
th
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
(
)
is
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e.
(
)
(
)
(
)
11
nn
O
F
M
i
n
F
P
P
P
i
i
i
l
o
s
s
kk
=+
==
(
3
)
T
h
e
f
u
el
co
s
t f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ea
ch
g
en
er
ato
r
is
n
o
t lin
ea
r
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
is
ca
lcu
lated
as
(
4
)
:
2
(
)
si
n(
(
)
)
,
m
in
F
P
a
P
b
P
c
e
f
P
P
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
=
+
+
+
−
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
n
o
ve
l m
u
lti
-
o
b
jective
ec
o
n
o
mic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
s
o
lu
tio
n
u
s
in
g
b
ee
c
o
lo
n
y
…
(
Wa
n
ch
a
i Kh
a
msen
)
1387
wh
er
e
,
,
,
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
f
u
el
co
s
t
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
e
th
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
,
is
th
e
lo
wer
p
o
wer
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
th
g
en
er
ato
r
.
P
ow
e
r
(
M
W)
F
u
e
l
C
os
t
(
$/
h
)
0
1000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
100
600
500
400
300
200
B
C
A
D
E
Fig
u
r
e
1.
No
n
-
s
m
o
o
t
h
co
s
t f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
g
en
e
r
ato
r
2
.
2
.
Co
ns
t
ra
ints
T
h
e
p
o
wer
b
alan
cin
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
elec
tr
icity
d
em
an
d
as
in
d
icate
d
in
(
5
)
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
in
s
id
e
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
as d
elin
ea
ted
in
(
6
)
.
()
1
N
P
P
P
i
D
los
s
i
=+
=
(
5
)
=
∑
∑
+
=
1
=
1
∑
+
=
1
(
6
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
,
is
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e,
an
d
,
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
lo
s
s
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
r
atin
g
lim
itatio
n
s
tip
u
lates
th
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
ea
ch
g
en
er
ato
r
m
u
s
t
ad
h
er
e
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
m
in
im
u
m
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
lim
its
,
as
d
elin
ea
ted
in
(
7
)
.
,
m
a
x
,
m
i
n
P
P
P
ii
i
(
7
)
3.
M
UL
T
I
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E
B
E
E
CO
L
O
NY
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
(
M
B
CO
)
T
h
e
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
atch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
em
p
lo
y
s
th
e
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
m
eth
o
d
to
i
d
en
tify
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
E
L
D
with
MBC
O
ar
e
li
s
ted
as s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
a
n
d
f
o
llo
ws:
Step
1
:
S
p
ec
if
y
th
e
B
C
O
p
ar
am
eter
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
b
y
test
in
g
th
em
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
0
0
tim
es
to
g
et
th
e
b
est
v
alu
e.
Step
2
:
U
s
in
g
(
6
)
to
(
8
)
,
g
en
er
ate
th
e
in
itial p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
r
an
d
o
m
ly
(
)
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
ca
p
ac
ity
(
)
th
at
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Step
3
:
U
s
e
(
1
)
to
(
3
)
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
itn
ess
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
(
,
,
an
d
)
an
d
s
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
itn
ess
in
ascen
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
.
Step
4
:
S
elec
t a
n
an
s
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
esti
m
ated
r
esu
lt o
f
an
s
wer
s
.
Step
5
:
S
ep
ar
ate
th
e
g
o
o
d
an
s
wer
(
)
in
to
2
s
ets:
th
e
b
est an
s
wer
an
d
th
e
g
o
o
d
an
s
wer
M
–
E
.
Step
6
:
G
en
er
atin
g
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ch
o
s
en
s
o
lu
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with
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th
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ize
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b
est s
ite
(
)
,
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n
d
o
th
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ites
(
−
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)
.
Step
7:
E
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
an
s
wer
s
o
b
tain
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f
r
o
m
an
d
an
d
ch
ec
k
in
g
th
e
s
to
p
p
ed
cr
iter
io
n
.
Sh
o
u
ld
th
e
co
n
d
itio
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s
b
e
s
atis
f
ied
,
ce
ase
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
I
f
n
o
t,
r
etu
r
n
to
s
tep
2
.
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r
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2.
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)
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4.
T
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1
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1
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2
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I
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15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
3
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5
-
1
3
9
5
1390
T
ab
le
5
.
R
am
p
r
ate
lim
it a
n
d
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r
o
h
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ited
o
p
er
atin
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zo
n
e
U
n
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t
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o
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40
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[
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13
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14
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5.
T
E
ST
R
E
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
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tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
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ality
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co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
o
f
u
r
t
h
er
v
alid
ate
its
ef
f
icac
y
,
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
test
ca
s
es
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
ese
test
ca
s
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
5
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
in ca
s
e
1
I
n
th
is
in
s
tan
ce
,
B
C
O
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
jecte
d
MBC
O
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
E
L
D
is
s
u
e.
T
a
b
l
e
6
a
n
d
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
M
B
C
O
a
n
d
B
C
O
.
T
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
t
o
t
a
l
l
o
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MBC
O
ar
e
less
th
an
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
MBC
O
is
co
n
v
er
s
ed
q
u
ick
ly
af
ter
4
4
iter
atio
n
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
B
C
O
is
co
n
v
er
s
ed
af
ter
4
8
iter
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
MBC
O'
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
etter
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MBC
O
h
as
a
lo
wer
o
f
to
tal
co
s
t
an
d
lo
s
s
v
alu
e
th
an
th
e
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
PS
O
-
AC
O
[
3
3
]
,
DE
/B
B
O
[
3
4
]
,
E
HSA
[
1
9
]
,
an
d
HPSO
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
b
etter
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
MBC
O'
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
ca
n
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
.
T
a
b
l
e
6
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
1
U
n
i
t
M
B
C
O
BCO
PSO
-
A
C
O
D
E/
B
B
O
EH
S
A
H
P
S
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1
1
5
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.
2
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7
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.
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6
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1
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2
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2
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5
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0
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4
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To
t
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1
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9
0
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9
9
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0
1
.
1
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9
.
2
0
3
0
9
.
9
2
3
1
0
.
8
4
TC
(
$
/
hr
)
3
4
9
1
.
8
2
3
5
1
0
.
5
1
3
5
0
4
.
8
0
3
6
1
9
.
7
6
3
6
1
9
.
7
3
3
6
2
3
.
1
1
P
l
o
ss
(
MW
)
1
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9
0
1
.
9
9
1
.
1
4
9
.
9
2
9
.
9
2
1
0
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8
4
0
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
MBC
O
an
d
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
in
c
ase
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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g
I
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N:
2088
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8
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A
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p
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y
…
(
Wa
n
ch
a
i Kh
a
msen
)
1391
5
.
2
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
in ca
s
e
2
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
was
r
eso
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ed
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y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
B
C
O
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
MBC
O.
T
ab
le
7
d
is
p
lay
s
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
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lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MBC
O,
B
C
O,
HB
C
O
[
4
0
]
,
MH
L
B
C
O
[
4
1
]
,
MPSO
[
1
1
]
,
C
SA1
[
2
3
]
,
DE
[
3
2
]
,
R
C
B
A
[
3
0
]
,
an
d
C
SA2
[
4
4
]
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at,
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
MBC
O'
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
ca
n
y
ield
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
o
u
tco
m
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
y
ield
s
1
5
4
2
7
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9
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d
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8
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o
f
m
in
im
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m
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s
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an
d
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o
wer
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s
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
b
etter
th
an
th
o
s
e
o
f
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
MBC
O
in
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
B
C
O
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Af
ter
4
6
iter
atio
n
s
,
th
e
MBC
O
co
n
v
er
s
es
q
u
ick
ly
,
wh
ile
th
e
B
C
O
co
n
v
er
s
es
af
ter
8
5
iter
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
MBC
O'
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
etter
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
MBC
O
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
th
e
id
ea
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
ly
th
an
th
e
B
C
O
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
a
b
l
e
7
.
R
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lts
o
f
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
2
U
n
i
t
M
B
C
O
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H
B
C
O
M
H
LB
C
O
M
P
S
O
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1
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A
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4
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5
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To
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5
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2
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(
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1
5
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7
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9
1
5
4
4
0
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5
1
5
4
3
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1
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5
1
5
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4
1
1
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4
3
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1
1
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6
1
5
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4
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6
1
5
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P
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(
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4
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2
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Fig
u
r
e
4.
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
MBC
O
an
d
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
in
c
ase
2
5
.
3
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
in ca
s
e
3
T
ab
le
8
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
o
p
tim
al
d
is
p
atch
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
2
,
6
3
0
MW
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
p
r
o
f
ile
f
o
r
th
e
MBC
O
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
MBC
O
co
n
v
er
s
es
r
ap
id
ly
af
ter
5
9
iter
atio
n
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
B
C
O
co
n
v
er
s
es
af
ter
6
3
iter
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
MBC
O'
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
ca
n
o
f
f
er
an
im
p
r
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v
ed
B
C
O
tech
n
iq
u
e.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
MBC
O
g
ets to
th
e
b
est an
s
wer
f
aster
th
an
T
VAC
-
E
PS
O
[
1
3
]
,
-
PSO
[
1
5
]
,
MG
W
O
[
3
5
]
,
SS
A
[
3
6
]
,
EMA
[
3
7
]
,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
s
elf
-
co
n
v
er
g
in
g
s
war
m
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
E
SC
SDO)
[
4
5
]
.
T
ab
le
8
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
tech
n
iq
u
es
with
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
MBC
O
m
eth
o
d
y
ield
s
a
m
in
im
u
m
co
s
t
o
f
3
2
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7
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s
u
r
p
ass
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g
th
e
r
esu
lts
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o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
r
p
ass
es a
lter
n
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Fig
u
r
e
5.
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
MBC
O
an
d
B
C
O
m
eth
o
d
in
c
ase
3
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
E
co
n
o
m
ical
lo
ad
d
is
p
atch
en
t
ails
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
lo
west
to
tal
c
o
s
t
with
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Pas
t
r
esear
ch
h
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ev
er
a
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
s
o
l
v
e
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
m
in
im
izin
g
to
tal
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
.
An
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
co
s
t
is
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
lo
s
s
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
co
s
t.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
E
L
D
with
th
e
aim
o
f
m
in
im
i
zin
g
b
o
t
h
th
e
o
v
er
all
co
s
ts
an
d
to
tal
p
o
wer
l
o
s
s
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
es.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
a
u
n
iq
u
e
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
E
L
D
is
s
u
e
with
n
o
n
-
s
m
o
o
th
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
wh
ile
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
lim
itatio
n
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
r
am
p
r
ate
r
estrictio
n
s
,
v
alv
e
p
o
in
t
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
f
o
r
b
id
d
en
o
p
er
atin
g
z
o
n
es,
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
l
o
ad
d
e
m
an
d
.
T
h
e
MBC
O
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
f
ast
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
o
lv
e
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
r
ee
ca
s
e
s
y
s
tem
s
with
3
,
6
,
an
d
1
5
u
n
its
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
B
C
O,
HB
C
O,
MH
L
B
C
O,
PS
O
-
AC
O,
HP
SO,
q
-
PS
O,
MPSO,
T
VAC
-
E
PS
O,
DE
/B
B
O,
E
HSA
,
C
SA,
SS
A,
DE
,
R
C
B
A,
MG
W
O,
E
MA
,
an
d
E
SC
SDO
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
MBC
O
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ich
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
it
s
s
tab
il
ity
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
MBC
O
p
r
esen
ted
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
with
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
v
er
if
y
th
at
it
ca
n
d
ef
in
itely
y
ield
a
h
ig
h
e
r
-
q
u
ality
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
f
aster
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
tim
e,
an
d
b
etter
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
c
an
ap
p
ly
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MBC
O
m
eth
o
d
t
o
s
m
o
o
th
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
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A
n
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l m
u
lti
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b
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mic
lo
a
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p
a
tch
s
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lu
tio
n
u
s
in
g
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ee
c
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…
(
Wa
n
ch
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i Kh
a
msen
)
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th
e
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ato
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eb
y
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o
lv
in
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th
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co
n
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ic
p
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.
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t
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h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
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o
th
er
m
eta
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h
eu
r
is
tics
ca
n
ad
o
p
t th
e
p
r
o
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m
u
lti
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o
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eth
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n
o
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ic
p
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lem
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
J.
W
o
o
d
a
n
d
B
.
F
.
W
o
l
l
e
n
b
e
r
g
,
Po
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n
o
p
e
ra
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
W
i
l
e
y
,
1
9
8
4
.
[
2
]
C
.
Y
a
ş
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
F
a
d
i
l
,
“
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
t
o
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
d
i
s
p
a
t
c
h
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
f
i
r
st
o
r
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
i
e
n
t
met
h
o
d
,
”
i
n
5
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
s
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
ELE
C
O
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
5
–
7.
[
3
]
Y.
-
C
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
T
.
-
S
.
C
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
W
.
-
S
.
Le
e
,
“
Ec
o
n
o
mi
c
d
i
sp
a
t
c
h
o
f
c
h
i
l
l
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
b
y
g
r
a
d
i
e
n
t
met
h
o
d
f
o
r
sa
v
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
”
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
En
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
8
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
6
–
1
1
0
1
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
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/
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.
a
p
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
2
0
0
9
.
0
5
.
0
0
4
.
[
4
]
D
.
M
.
D
.
N
a
r
v
a
e
z
,
G
.
C
.
V
e
l
e
z
,
a
n
d
D
.
F
.
D
.
N
a
r
v
a
e
z
,
“
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
a
d
i
e
n
t
m
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t
h
o
d
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n
t
h
e
e
c
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n
o
m
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c
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7
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