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6
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tech
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T
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m
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on
[
1
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,
b
io
m
ed
ical
[
2
]
,
im
ag
in
g
[
3
]
,
an
d
s
en
s
in
g
[
4
]
.
Ho
wev
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tili
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o
f
th
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[
5
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.
Mo
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u
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r
[
6
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,
[
7
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b
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I
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52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
1
93
-
2
0
3
194
ab
n
o
r
m
al
tis
s
u
e
g
r
o
wth
o
r
c
o
m
p
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ch
an
g
es.
I
n
o
th
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r
h
an
d
s
,
T
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an
ten
n
as
f
ac
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litate
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u
ch
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n
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r
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g
s
k
in
h
y
d
r
atio
n
[
8
]
,
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els
[
9
]
,
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
wo
u
n
d
a
n
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b
u
r
n
co
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it
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s
.
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an
ten
n
as,
with
th
eir
m
an
y
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v
an
tag
es
at
T
Hz
f
r
eq
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en
cies,
is
o
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h
in
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b
y
s
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m
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lim
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1
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[
1
1
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t
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3
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4
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p
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ate
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[
1
5
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-
[
1
7
]
.
Am
o
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all
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s
tr
ateg
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th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
etam
ater
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(
MTM
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tech
n
iq
u
es
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
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ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
d
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o
n
s
tr
ates
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
r
esu
lts
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W
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th
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n
iq
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e
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t
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o
m
ag
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ties
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f
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e
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m
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Hz
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as f
o
r
6
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.
MTM
ar
e
ar
tific
ially
e
n
g
in
ee
r
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
ex
h
i
b
it
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
n
o
t
f
o
u
n
d
in
n
atu
r
al
m
ater
ials
[
18]
.
U
s
ed
r
ec
en
tly
in
v
ar
io
u
s
d
o
m
ain
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
wo
r
l
d
o
f
p
atch
an
ten
n
as.
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
MTM
in
to
T
Hz
p
a
tch
an
ten
n
as
h
el
p
s
ac
h
iev
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
k
ey
an
ten
n
a
p
a
r
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
g
ain
[
1
9
]
,
b
a
n
d
wid
th
[
2
0
]
,
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
T
Hz
an
ten
n
as
a
nd
MTM
h
av
e
b
e
en
m
ad
e
b
y
v
a
r
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
er
s
.
Sm
ith
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
e
x
p
l
o
r
ed
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
o
f
MTM
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
m
an
ip
u
late
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
wav
es
in
u
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
way
s
.
Pen
d
r
y
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
n
e
g
ativ
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
m
ater
ials
,
p
av
in
g
th
e
way
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
MTM
with
u
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
Sh
alae
v
[
2
3
]
r
ev
iewe
d
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
o
p
tical
MTM
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
in
h
ig
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
n
ten
n
as.
Ho
s
s
ain
e
t
a
l.
[
2
4
]
,
a
T
Hz
a
n
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
b
i
o
m
ed
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
r
ib
o
f
lav
in
with
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
3
.
7
3
1
T
Hz
an
d
a
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
-
5
2
.
9
7
6
d
B
.
T
wo
T
Hz
p
atc
h
an
te
n
n
as
f
o
r
ca
n
ce
r
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
w
h
ich
o
p
er
ate
with
i
n
th
e
T
Hz
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
im
ag
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a
u
s
in
g
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
in
tellig
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
es
(
R
I
S)
an
d
MTM
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
7
]
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
g
ain
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
ab
o
u
t
9
d
B
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
an
ten
n
as.
Ko
m
atin
en
i
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
,
a
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
MTM
with
s
p
lit
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
(
SR
R
S)
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
p
a
tch
an
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
b
y
4
.
8
2
d
B
i.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
b
an
d
wid
th
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
p
a
tch
an
ten
n
a
u
s
in
g
MTM
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
2
9
]
,
t
h
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
was
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
8
0
0
MH
z
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
c
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
SR
R
S b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
t
h
e
p
atch
i
n
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
Desp
ite
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
s
e
v
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
r
em
ain
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
T
Hz
p
atch
an
ten
n
as
with
MTM
.
Hig
h
lo
s
s
es
in
M
T
M
at
T
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
lim
it
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
as.
Ach
iev
in
g
a
b
r
o
ad
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
b
a
n
d
wid
th
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ch
allen
g
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
in
t
r
icate
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
o
f
MTM
p
o
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ab
r
icatio
n
ch
allen
g
es,
esp
ec
ially
at
T
Hz
s
ca
les.
Seam
les
s
ly
in
teg
r
atin
g
MTM
-
b
ased
T
Hz
an
ten
n
as with
ex
is
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
r
eq
u
ir
es f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
u
n
r
eso
lv
e
d
is
s
u
es
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
d
esig
n
f
o
r
a
T
Hz
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
i
n
teg
r
ated
with
ad
v
an
ce
d
MTM
.
U
n
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies,
o
u
r
d
esig
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
l
o
s
s
m
in
im
izatio
n
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
n
o
v
el
MTM
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
a
n
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
e
n
h
an
ce
d
b
an
d
wid
t
h
,
g
ain
a
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
W
e
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
MTM
-
b
ased
T
Hz
an
ten
n
as,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
MTM
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ou
r
p
ap
e
r
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
ll
o
ws:
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ec
tio
n
in
tr
o
d
u
c
es
th
e
d
esig
n
s
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
an
d
MTM
,
d
etailin
g
th
eir
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
d
u
ct
s
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
p
ar
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
,
ex
am
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
n
th
e
an
ten
n
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Th
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
p
ap
er
co
n
clu
d
es
with
a
b
r
ief
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
an
d
a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
e
cr
itical
ch
allen
g
es
in
T
Hz
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
a
n
d
lev
er
ag
in
g
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
ies o
f
MTM
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
ten
n
as f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
b
io
m
ed
ical
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
he
pa
t
ch
a
nte
nn
a
des
ig
n
T
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
e
r
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
[
1
0
]
:
=
2
√
2
+
1
(
1
)
w
h
e
r
e
f
i
s
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
ε
r
i
s
d
ie
l
ec
t
r
i
c
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
t
r
at
e
:
ε
re
f
=
ε
r
+1
2
+
ε
r
-
1
2
[
1+
12h
w
]
-
1
2
(
2
)
w
h
e
r
e
ε
ref
i
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
d
i
el
e
ct
r
i
c
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
en
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f
a
tera
h
ertz
p
a
tch
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
ith
meta
ma
teri
a
ls
…
(
S
ir
a
j Yo
u
n
es
)
195
∆
L
=0.41
2
ℎ
(
ε
r
e
f
+
0.3
)
(
w
ℎ
+
0.26
4
)
(
ε
r
e
f
-
0.25
8
)
(
w
ℎ
+
0.8
)
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
Δ
L
is
th
e
l
en
g
th
ex
ten
s
io
n
:
=
−
2
△
(
4
)
=
2
√
ℇ
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
L
p
is
th
e
p
atch
le
n
g
th
a
n
d
L
ef
is
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
len
g
th
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
is
a
s
lo
tted
p
atch
with
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
p
o
s
itio
n
e
d
o
v
e
r
a
s
ilico
n
d
io
x
id
e
(
SiO
2
)
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
with
a
d
ielec
t
r
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
4
a
n
d
a
th
ick
n
e
s
s
o
f
2
µm
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
ar
c
h
i
tectu
r
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
v
alu
es.
Op
e
r
atin
g
at
3
.
5
6
T
Hz,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
W
×L
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
elem
en
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
lo
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
with
a
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
with
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
W
×L
g
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
s
tep
s
tak
en
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
f
in
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
ch
o
ice
an
d
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
lo
ts
in
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
,
e
n
s
u
r
es o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
at
o
u
r
s
p
ec
if
ied
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
T
ab
le
1
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V
a
l
u
e
(
µ
m)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V
a
l
u
e
(
µ
m)
W
69
L2
11
L
54
Wf
4
.
8
L
p
35
Lf
15
W
p
46
a
3
.
5
W1
35
b
3
W2
25
c
5
L1
21
Lg
1
8
.
7
H
2
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Desig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
2
.
2
.
T
he
m
et
a
ma
t
er
ia
l
des
ig
ns
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MTM
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
6
×5
ar
r
ay
o
f
elem
en
ts
,
ar
r
an
g
ed
o
n
an
FR
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
with
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
4
.
2
,
a
l
o
s
s
tan
g
en
t
o
f
0
.
0
2
,
a
n
d
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
2
µm
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
e
MT
M
d
etails.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
MT
M
ar
e
W
MT
M
×L
MTM
.
T
ab
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
MT
M
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
p
lit
-
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
u
n
it c
ells
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
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4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
1
93
-
2
0
3
196
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
E
ac
h
u
n
it
ce
ll
with
in
th
e
ar
r
a
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
p
er
i
o
d
ic
s
p
lit
-
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
s
p
ac
ed
b
y
2
µm
ap
a
r
t.
T
h
e
to
tal
s
ize
o
f
ea
ch
u
n
it
ce
l
l
is
M
1
×M
4
.
I
n
o
th
er
h
an
d
s
,
t
h
e
FR
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
its
r
elativ
ely
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
lo
w
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
m
in
i
m
ize
s
ig
n
al
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
s
im
u
latio
n
s
etu
p
o
f
th
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
is
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
MTM
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
MTM
ce
ll
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
HFSS
s
o
f
twar
e
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
its
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
p
h
ase,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
(
ε
e
ff
)
,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
(
μ
eff
)
ar
e
ca
lcu
lat
ed
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
,
with
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Utilizin
g
th
e
S
-
p
ar
am
eter
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
is
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
r
etr
iev
in
g
m
ater
ial
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
th
e
wav
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
a
n
d
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
MTM
ce
ll
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
Fro
m
th
ese
v
alu
es,
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
d
e
o
n
MA
T
L
AB
.
T
h
e
S
-
p
ar
am
eter
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
s
h
o
w
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
at
3
.
5
6
T
Hz
as
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
,
in
d
ic
ated
b
y
a
d
ip
in
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
(
S
11
)
an
d
a
p
ea
k
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
S
21
)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
o
p
tim
al
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
an
d
h
ig
h
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
at
t
h
is
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
As
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
th
e
p
h
ase
ch
an
g
es
in
S
11
an
d
S
21
ar
o
u
n
d
3
.
5
T
Hz
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ed
iu
m
p
a
r
am
eter
s
r
ev
ea
l
a
s
h
ar
p
p
ea
k
in
th
e
r
ea
l
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
(
μ
eff
)
at
3
.
5
T
Hz,
s
ig
n
if
y
in
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
m
ag
n
etic
r
eso
n
an
ce
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
r
ea
l
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
(
ε
eff
)
r
em
ain
s
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
v
er
th
is
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
a
n
g
e,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
c)
,
wh
ile
th
e
im
ag
in
ar
y
p
ar
t
e
x
h
ib
i
ts
a
n
eg
ativ
e
v
alu
e
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
tab
le
d
ielec
tr
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
d
)
,
b
etwe
en
3
.
5
T
Hz
an
d
4
.
5
T
Hz
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
is
n
eg
ativ
e,
wh
ich
ef
f
icien
tly
s
u
p
p
r
ess
es su
r
f
ac
e
wav
es.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Desig
n
o
f
th
e
MT
M;
(
a)
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
SR
R
,
(
b
)
u
n
it c
ell
,
an
d
(
c
)
s
im
u
latio
n
s
etu
p
T
ab
le
2
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
M
T
M
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V
a
l
u
e
(
µ
m)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V
a
l
u
e
(
µ
m)
W
M
T
M
79
M3
2
L
M
T
M
64
M4
10
H
M
T
M
2
M5
6
M1
10
M6
2
M2
6
M7
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
en
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f
a
tera
h
ertz
p
a
tch
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
ith
meta
ma
teri
a
ls
…
(
S
ir
a
j Yo
u
n
es
)
197
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Un
it c
ell
p
a
r
am
eter
s
:
(
a)
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
m
ag
n
itu
d
e,
(
b
)
p
h
ase,
(
c)
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
,
an
d
(
d
)
p
e
r
m
ea
b
ilit
y
2
.
3
.
P
o
s
it
io
n o
f
t
he
m
et
a
m
a
t
er
ia
l
a
nd
enha
ncem
ent
m
ec
ha
nis
m
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
a
p
a
r
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
i
n
th
e
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
h
elp
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
an
ten
n
a
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
b
u
t
it
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
o
m
e
ch
alle
n
g
es
r
ela
ted
to
an
ten
n
a
r
a
d
iatio
n
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
u
n
d
esire
d
b
ac
k
lo
b
es
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
Gain
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
,
t
h
e
MT
M
is
s
tr
ateg
ically
p
o
s
i
tio
n
ed
b
en
ea
th
th
e
an
ten
n
a
at
a
p
r
ec
is
e
s
p
ac
in
g
H
t
o
f
1
3
µm
as
d
is
p
u
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
W
h
en
MTM
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
b
en
ea
th
an
an
ten
n
a,
th
ey
e
n
h
an
ce
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Firstl
y
,
MT
Ms
with
n
eg
ativ
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
(
i
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e
f
r
o
m
3
.
5
to
4
.
5
T
Hz
)
cr
ea
te
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
th
at
ca
u
s
es
d
estru
ctiv
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
b
ac
k
war
d
-
d
i
r
ec
ted
wav
es,
th
er
e
b
y
m
i
n
im
izin
g
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
a
lly
,
th
e
MT
M
h
elp
s
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
es
th
at
ty
p
ically
p
r
o
p
a
g
ate
alo
n
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
im
p
r
o
v
es
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
MTM
also
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
a
r
tific
ial
m
ag
n
etic
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
(
AM
C
)
,
r
ef
lectin
g
wav
es
in
p
h
ase
with
th
e
in
cid
en
t
wav
e
s
to
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
f
o
r
wa
r
d
r
ad
iatio
n
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ce
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
MT
M
an
d
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
3.
P
ARAM
E
T
R
I
C
S
T
UDY
A
p
ar
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ce
r
tain
k
ey
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
in
to
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
v
ar
y
in
g
two
cr
itical
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
t
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
ar
tial g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
an
d
th
e
s
p
ac
in
g
o
f
th
e
MTM
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
1
93
-
2
0
3
198
3
.
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
t
he
a
ir
G
a
p H
t
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
air
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
e
an
ten
n
a
an
d
th
e
MT
M,
a
p
ar
a
m
e
tr
ic
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
,
v
a
r
y
in
g
th
e
H
t
v
alu
e
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
2
to
1
4
µm
in
1
µm
i
n
cr
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
was
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
f
o
r
ea
ch
H
t
v
alu
e
,
as
d
e
p
icted
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
is
v
er
y
clea
r
,
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lt
is
o
b
tain
e
d
with
H
t
=
1
3
µm
wh
e
r
e
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
was
m
in
i
m
ized
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
ed
a
v
alu
e
o
f
-
5
2
.
5
0
d
B
,
s
ig
n
if
y
in
g
o
p
tim
al
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
ef
lectio
n
lo
s
s
es.
3
.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
g
ro
un
d pla
ne
s
ize
L
g
An
o
th
er
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ass
ess
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
s
ize.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
v
ar
y
in
g
L
g
v
alu
es
f
r
o
m
1
6
.
7
to
1
9
.
7
µ
m
in
1
µ
m
in
cr
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
ea
ch
L
g
v
alu
e
was
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
is
d
ep
icted
i
n
th
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
is
v
er
y
clea
r
,
th
e
b
es
t
r
esu
lt
is
o
b
tain
ed
with
L
g
=
1
8
.
7
µ
m
wit
h
a
S
11
v
alu
e
o
f
-
5
2
.
5
0
d
B
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
o
th
er
L
g
v
alu
es,
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
r
esu
lts
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
attain
ed
,
as
th
e
S
11
p
ar
am
eter
f
ailed
to
s
u
r
p
ass
-
2
0
d
B
.
I
n
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
was
n
o
t
ac
h
iev
ed
,
an
d
th
e
an
ten
n
a
d
i
d
n
o
t
m
ee
t th
e
d
esir
ed
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t H
t
v
alu
es
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t L
g
v
alu
es
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
in
d
etail
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
MT
M
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
k
ey
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
u
ch
as
g
ai
n
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
r
ef
lectio
n
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t,
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
MT
M
o
n
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
co
m
p
ar
ed
o
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
ac
h
iev
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
en
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f
a
tera
h
ertz
p
a
tch
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
ith
meta
ma
teri
a
ls
…
(
S
ir
a
j Yo
u
n
es
)
199
4
.
1
.
Ref
lec
t
io
n c
o
ef
f
ic
ient
a
n
d VSWR
T
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
S
11
)
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tan
d
in
g
wav
e
r
atio
(
VSW
R
)
ar
e
cr
u
cial
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
an
ten
n
a
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
an
d
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
r
e
f
lecte
d
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l
r
an
g
e
is
ty
p
ically
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
S
11
is
b
elo
w
-
1
0
d
B
an
d
VSW
R
is
b
etwe
en
1
an
d
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
ca
s
es th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a,
wh
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
VSW
R
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
MT
M.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
alo
n
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
S
11
v
alu
e
o
f
-
1
8
.
0
6
d
B
d
u
e
to
th
e
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
is
m
atch
in
g
,
wh
ile
th
e
S
11
en
h
an
ce
d
t
o
-
5
2
.
5
0
d
B
wh
en
th
e
MT
M
is
in
teg
r
ated
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
b
ig
in
f
lu
en
c
e
o
f
th
is
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
o
p
er
ates
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
with
in
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
.
4
7
-
3
.
6
7
T
Hz,
b
o
a
s
tin
g
a
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
2
0
0
GH
z.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
VSW
R
al
s
o
is
en
h
an
ce
d
an
d
th
e
an
ten
n
a
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
ex
c
ep
tio
n
al
v
alu
e
o
f
1
.
0
0
4
,
af
f
ir
m
in
g
ex
ce
llen
t
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
.
T
h
e
MTM
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ef
lect
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
,
lev
e
r
ag
in
g
its
r
eso
n
an
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
es,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
t
h
e
n
ea
r
-
f
ield
r
eg
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
S
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
(
a
)
r
ef
le
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
(
b
)
VSW
R
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
with
an
d
with
o
u
t M
T
M
4
.
2
.
G
a
in
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
er
v
es
a
s
a
cr
u
cial
an
ten
n
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
its
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
a
d
iatio
n
s
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
2
D
r
ad
i
atio
n
p
atter
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
MT
M
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
c)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
p
r
e
s
en
t
th
e
3
D
r
a
d
iatio
n
with
a
n
d
with
o
u
t
MT
M
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
g
ain
v
alu
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t,
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
7
2
d
B
to
3
.
4
9
d
B
,
m
ar
k
in
g
a
r
em
a
r
k
ab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
1
0
2
.
9
2
%.
I
n
d
icatin
g
th
at
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
s
th
e
d
esire
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
B
y
co
n
c
en
tr
atin
g
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
f
iel
d
s
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ap
er
tu
r
e,
th
e
MTM
d
ir
ec
ts
m
o
r
e
e
n
er
g
y
in
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
an
d
m
a
n
ag
es
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
es,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
MT
M
also
s
h
ap
es th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
to
f
o
cu
s
en
er
g
y
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
an
d
m
in
im
izes
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
with
its
n
eg
ativ
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
in
n
o
n
-
d
esire
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
1
93
-
2
0
3
200
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
:
(
a
)
2
D
with
o
u
t M
T
M,
(
b
)
2
D
with
MT
M,
(
c)
3
D
with
o
u
t M
T
M,
an
d
(
d
)
3
D
with
MTM
4
.
3
.
Dire
ct
iv
i
t
y
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
an
a
n
ten
n
a
r
ep
r
esen
ts
its
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
r
ad
iated
e
n
er
g
y
in
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
was
ev
alu
ated
b
o
th
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
MT
M
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Sp
ec
i
f
ically
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
with
o
u
t
MT
M,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
b
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
r
es
u
lts
with
MT
M.
I
n
itially
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ex
h
ib
ited
a
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
3
.
6
9
d
B
.
Ho
wev
er
,
af
ter
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
MT
M.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
5
.
1
0
d
B
m
a
r
k
in
g
a
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
3
8
.
2
1
%.
T
h
i
s
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
u
e
to
th
e
MTM
ca
p
ac
ity
to
elim
in
ate
u
n
d
esira
b
le
b
ac
k
r
ad
iatio
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
d
ir
ec
t
in
g
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
war
d
.
T
h
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
r
ad
iatio
n
r
esu
lts
in
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
an
ten
n
a,
m
a
k
in
g
it
h
ig
h
ly
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
m
an
y
b
io
m
ed
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
clea
r
s
ig
n
als.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Dir
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
(
a)
with
o
u
t
MT
M
an
d
(
b
)
with
MT
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
5
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2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
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ma
n
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en
h
a
n
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me
n
t o
f
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p
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te
n
n
a
w
ith
meta
ma
teri
a
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(
S
ir
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u
n
es
)
201
T
ab
le
3
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
MTM
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
VSW
R
,
g
ain
,
an
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
.
B
y
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
e
m
etr
ics
s
id
e
b
y
s
id
e,
t
h
e
tab
le
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
etailed
an
d
clea
r
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
MT
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
lea
d
s
to
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
.
T
ab
le
3
.
An
ten
n
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
MT
M
S
11
(
d
B
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
G
H
z
)
V
S
W
R
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
)
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
d
B
)
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
M
T
M
-
1
8
.
0
6
1
5
0
1
.
2
2
1
.
7
2
3
.
6
9
W
i
t
h
M
T
M
-
5
2
.
5
0
2
0
0
1
.
0
0
4
3
.
4
9
5
.
1
0
T
ab
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
etailed
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
with
s
ev
er
al
an
ten
n
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
is
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
in
clu
d
es
cr
itical
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
s
ize,
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
,
S
11
,
VSW
R
,
an
d
g
ain
.
Hig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
Hz
p
atch
an
ten
n
a.
Ou
r
d
esig
n
,
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
[
3
0
]
,
wh
ich
h
as
a
m
u
ch
lar
g
er
s
ize
o
f
1
8
0
0
×1
8
0
0
μ
m
2
an
d
an
S
11
o
f
-
4
3
.
6
0
d
B
,
o
u
r
an
t
en
n
a
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
s
m
aller
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
ex
ce
llen
t
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
.
Z
u
b
air
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
o
p
er
ates
at
3
.
6
5
T
Hz
with
a
s
ize
o
f
1
0
0
×
1
0
0
μ
m
2
,
a
n
S
11
o
f
-
2
9
.
0
0
d
B
,
an
d
a
g
ain
o
f
5
.
0
1
d
B
.
W
h
ile
it
s
h
o
ws
a
h
ig
h
er
g
ain
,
o
u
r
d
esig
n
ac
h
iev
es
m
u
c
h
b
etter
S
11
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
a
tch
in
g
.
I
n
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
[
3
2
]
,
wh
ich
o
p
er
ates
a
t
3
.
6
2
T
Hz
with
a
v
er
y
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
o
f
3
0
×
2
0
μ
m
2
an
d
an
S
11
o
f
-
12
.
2
5
d
B
,
o
u
r
a
n
ten
n
a
o
f
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
b
etter
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
an
d
a
m
o
r
e
f
av
o
r
ab
le
VSW
R
(
1
.
0
0
4
v
s
.
1
.
6
4
6
)
.
Kh
aa
lel
et
a
l.
[
33]
h
as
an
S
11
o
f
-
6
3
.
6
9
d
B
,
b
u
t its
g
ain
is
o
n
ly
1
.
3
7
d
B
,
m
u
ch
l
o
wer
th
an
t
h
e
3
.
4
9
d
B
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
o
u
r
d
esig
n
.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
R
e
f
.
S
i
z
e
(
µ
m
2
)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
TH
z
)
S
11
(
d
B
)
V
S
W
R
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
)
[
3
0
]
1
,
8
0
0
×
1
,
8
0
0
3
.
5
-
4
3
.
6
0
1
.
0
1
3
-
[
3
1
]
1
0
0
×
1
0
0
3
.
6
5
-
2
9
.
0
0
-
5
.
0
1
[
3
2
]
3
0
×
2
0
3
.
6
2
-
1
2
.
2
5
1
.
6
4
6
-
[
3
3
]
1
2
0
×
9
5
3
.
5
-
6
3
.
6
9
1
.
0
0
3
1
.
3
7
[
Th
i
s
w
o
r
k
]
6
9
×
5
4
3
.
5
6
-
5
2
.
5
0
1
.
0
0
4
3
.
4
9
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
o
f
a
T
Hz
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
MTM
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
6
×5
elem
en
t
MT
M
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
b
en
ea
th
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
lo
tted
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
with
a
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
DGS)
,
o
p
er
ati
n
g
at
3
.
5
6
T
Hz,
we
ac
h
iev
ed
n
o
tab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
k
e
y
an
ten
n
a
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
MT
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
m
ar
k
ed
ly
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ef
le
ctio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
f
r
o
m
-
1
8
.
0
6
d
B
to
-
5
2
.
5
0
d
B
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
g
ain
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
.
7
2
d
B
to
3
.
4
9
d
B
,
an
d
its
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
en
h
a
n
ce
d
f
r
o
m
3
.
6
9
d
B
to
5
.
1
0
d
B
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
v
alid
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
MT
M
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
in
tr
in
s
ic
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
T
Hz
p
atch
an
te
n
n
as,
esp
ec
ially
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
g
ain
,
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
.
I
n
th
e
b
i
o
m
ed
ical
f
ield
,
s
u
c
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
al
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
im
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
en
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tic
tech
n
i
q
u
es
th
at
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
aid
in
ea
r
ly
d
is
ea
s
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
Ov
er
all,
th
is
r
esear
ch
estab
lis
h
es
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
ac
tical
b
en
e
f
its
th
at
co
u
ld
e
n
h
an
ce
b
o
th
6
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
m
ed
ical
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
also
to
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
H
z
MTM
an
d
p
atch
an
ten
n
a.
Fab
r
icatio
n
p
r
ec
is
io
n
at
T
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
is
ch
allen
g
in
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
m
all
wav
elen
g
th
,
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
elec
t
r
o
n
-
b
e
am
lith
o
g
r
ap
h
y
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
tim
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
at
th
es
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
o
f
te
n
ex
h
ib
it
h
ig
h
er
lo
s
s
es,
im
p
ac
tin
g
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
in
g
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
t
o
f
u
lly
r
ea
lize
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
T
Hz
MTM
an
d
an
t
en
n
as.
Fo
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a,
s
p
ec
if
ic
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ate
(
SAR
)
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
its
s
af
ety
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
b
io
m
e
d
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
V
e
t
t
i
k
a
l
l
a
d
i
,
W
.
T
.
S
e
t
h
i
,
A
.
F
.
B
i
n
A
b
a
s,
W
.
K
o
,
M
.
A
.
A
l
k
a
n
h
a
l
,
a
n
d
M
.
H
i
md
i
,
“
S
u
b
-
TH
z
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
sp
e
e
d
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
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