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[
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52
In
d
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J
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&
C
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Vo
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3
8
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Ap
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20
2
5
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228
wh
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s
h
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s
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ity
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s
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[
6
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,
[
7
]
.
W
h
ile
th
ese
m
ater
ials
ex
h
ib
it
ex
ce
llen
t
elec
tr
ical
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
a
n
d
m
e
ch
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
t
h
ey
h
av
e
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
b
ei
n
g
ea
s
ily
o
x
id
ized
at
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
an
d
cr
ac
k
e
d
u
p
o
n
b
e
n
d
in
g
[
8
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
ca
n
b
e
g
r
ea
tly
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
p
o
n
o
x
id
ati
o
n
,
th
u
s
s
h
o
r
ten
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
life
s
p
an
.
Oth
er
m
etal
-
b
ased
m
ater
ials
lik
e
s
i
l
v
e
r
n
a
n
o
p
a
r
ti
c
l
es
(
A
g
N
Ps
)
ar
e
a
l
s
o
w
i
d
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
as
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
e
m
a
t
e
r
ia
l
f
o
r
a
n
te
n
n
a
,
a
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
elec
tr
ical
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
o
x
id
atio
n
r
es
is
tan
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
m
ass
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
r
aw
m
ater
ials
co
s
t
ar
e
way
to
o
h
i
g
h
f
o
r
Ag
NPs
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
c
o
p
p
er
a
n
d
al
u
m
in
iu
m
,
m
ak
in
g
it
less
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
-
co
s
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
ca
r
b
o
n
-
b
ased
m
ater
ials
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
as
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
alter
n
ativ
e
to
m
etal
-
b
ased
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
an
ten
n
as
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lo
w
co
s
t,
o
x
id
atio
n
r
esis
tan
ce
,
ch
em
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
u
s
u
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
-
b
ased
m
ater
ials
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
g
r
ap
h
en
e,
h
a
v
e
attr
ac
ted
th
e
in
ter
est
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
Gr
ap
h
en
e
is
a
s
in
g
le
s
h
ee
t
o
f
g
r
ap
h
ite
h
av
in
g
a
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
(
2
D)
ar
r
ay
o
f
s
p
2
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
ca
r
b
o
n
ato
m
s
o
r
g
an
ize
d
in
a
h
o
n
ey
c
o
m
b
h
ex
ag
o
n
al
lattice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
g
r
ap
h
en
e
i
n
c
lu
d
e
h
ig
h
elec
tr
o
n
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
lig
h
t
weig
h
t,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
b
io
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
ly
,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
o
n
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
an
ten
n
a
was
p
r
im
ar
ily
aim
ed
at
th
e
t
er
ah
er
tz
b
an
d
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
b
u
t
in
2
0
1
5
,
s
o
m
e
r
esea
r
ch
o
n
th
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
m
u
ch
lo
wer
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
,
HF
an
d
UHF,
s
tar
ted
to
e
m
er
g
e
[
1
7
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
en
e
-
b
ased
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ials
,
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
ar
e
m
o
s
tly
tw
o
to
t
h
r
ee
o
r
d
e
r
s
lo
wer
t
h
a
n
th
e
m
etal
-
b
ased
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ials
,
wh
ich
ar
e
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
~1
0
4
to
~1
0
5
S/m.
T
h
is
m
u
ch
lo
wer
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
m
etal
-
b
ased
m
ater
ial
will
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
r
esis
tan
ce
,
h
en
ce
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
ef
f
icien
cy
.
A
f
ew
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
m
ater
i
als,
s
u
ch
as
u
s
in
g
b
in
d
er
s
lik
e
et
h
y
l
ce
llu
lo
s
e
(
E
C
)
to
p
r
e
p
ar
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
in
k
[
2
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
i
s
in
co
m
p
atib
le
with
h
ea
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
lik
e
p
ap
er
s
,
PET
,
an
d
tex
tiles
,
as
i
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ig
h
-
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
th
er
m
al
an
n
ea
lin
g
o
f
u
p
to
3
0
0
⁰C
.
Oth
er
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
esis
tan
ce
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
in
clu
d
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
lay
er
s
tack
in
g
[
2
0
]
an
d
r
o
llin
g
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
u
n
if
o
r
m
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
a
n
d
s
tack
in
g
p
o
s
es
ch
allen
g
es,
as
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
ir
r
eg
u
lar
s
tack
in
g
m
a
y
lead
to
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
m
etallic
n
an
o
p
a
r
ticles
with
g
r
ap
h
en
e
[
1
3
]
,
as
it
is
co
m
p
atib
le
with
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ically
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
ca
r
ef
u
l
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
av
o
id
ex
ter
n
al
r
esis
tan
ce
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
ly
,
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
m
ater
ials
h
av
e
m
ain
ly
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
in
f
lex
ib
le
elec
tr
o
n
ics
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
an
d
to
d
ate,
n
o
HF
an
ten
n
a
a
p
p
licatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
ased
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
m
ate
r
ials
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
a
p
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
ew
h
ig
h
-
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
m
a
ter
ial
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
r
ed
u
ce
d
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
o
x
id
e
(
r
GO)
an
d
Ag
NPs
,
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
u
s
e
as
a
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
elem
en
t
in
an
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
a
f
lex
ib
le
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
m
ater
ial
an
d
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
c
ess
o
f
th
e
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
d
etailed
in
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ater
ial
in
NFC
tag
ap
p
licatio
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
r
es
u
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
a
n
aly
z
ed
,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
its
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
en
d
in
g
a
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
ater
ial
s
en
s
itiv
ity
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
v
er
s
th
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
cir
c
u
it
an
d
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
NFC
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ap
p
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es a
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
a
n
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
.
2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
g
r
ap
h
en
e
-
b
ased
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
e
in
k
,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
an
d
th
e
f
ab
r
i
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a.
2
.
1
.
Sy
nthesis
a
nd
cha
ra
ct
er
iza
t
io
n o
f
hy
brid g
ra
ph
ene
-
ba
s
ed
co
nd
uct
iv
e
ink
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
e
i
n
k
was
f
o
r
m
u
lated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
ch
e
m
ical
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
m
eth
o
d
in
v
o
lv
in
g
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
r
GO
an
d
Ag
NPs
,
as
ex
p
lain
e
d
in
[2
6
]
.
r
GO
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ctiv
e
ex
f
o
liatio
n
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
to
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
o
x
id
e
(
GO)
f
r
o
m
Gr
ap
h
e
n
ea
,
USA,
wh
ich
was
u
tili
ze
d
as
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
F
lexib
le
h
yb
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
N
F
C
ta
g
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
temp
e
r
a
tu
r
e
mo
n
ito
r
in
g
…
(
N
a
jw
a
Mo
h
d
F
a
u
d
z
i
)
229
p
r
ec
u
r
s
o
r
f
o
r
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
g
r
ap
h
en
e.
B
y
h
av
in
g
f
ewe
r
o
x
y
g
en
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
r
GO
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
g
r
ea
ter
elec
tr
ical
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
b
ilit
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
GO
[2
7
]
.
A
s
o
lu
tio
n
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
5
0
% r
GO
an
d
5
0
%
s
ilv
er
n
itra
te
(
Ag
NO
3
)
,
alo
n
g
with
a
r
ed
u
cin
g
an
d
e
n
ca
p
s
u
l
atin
g
ag
en
t,
was
p
r
ep
ar
ed
a
n
d
th
en
in
cu
b
ated
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
Ag
NPs
/r
GO.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
b
lack
co
m
p
o
s
ite,
co
llected
p
o
s
t
-
ce
n
tr
if
u
g
atio
n
,
was
c
r
u
s
h
ed
,
a
n
d
d
eio
n
ized
wate
r
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
t
o
cr
ea
te
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
co
llo
id
.
T
h
e
co
llo
i
d
was
th
e
n
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
d
in
to
in
k
jet
p
r
i
n
tab
le
in
k
with
a
p
r
o
p
r
ietar
y
wate
r
-
b
ased
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
w
h
ich
a
r
e
c
a
l
l
e
d
Mi
-
G
r
a
p
h
P
r
I
n
k
(
M
I
M
OS
B
e
r
h
a
d
,
Ma
l
a
y
s
i
a
)
wi
t
h
<
1
0
%
s
o
li
d
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
,
p
H
~
6
.
8
a
n
d
v
i
s
c
o
s
i
t
y
o
f
~
2
.
3
9
c
P
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
les'
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
u
tili
zin
g
a
s
ca
n
n
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
m
icr
o
s
co
p
e
(
SEM
)
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
elec
tr
o
n
m
icr
o
s
co
p
e
(
T
E
M)
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
T
E
M
m
icr
o
g
r
a
p
h
s
v
er
if
y
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
Ag
NPs
o
n
r
GO
n
an
o
s
h
ee
ts
.
I
t is ev
id
en
t f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
th
at
an
ab
u
n
d
an
ce
o
f
Ag
NPs
in
s
p
h
er
ical
s
h
ap
e
wer
e
d
ep
o
s
ite
d
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
at
th
e
b
o
r
d
er
o
f
t
h
e
r
GO.
T
h
e
Ag
NPs
e
x
h
ib
it
a
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
0
to
2
5
n
an
o
m
eter
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
.
T
h
e
lattice
f
r
in
g
e
s
p
ac
i
n
g
,
as
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
is
0
.
2
4
n
an
o
m
eter
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
)
,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
FC
C
lattice
o
f
th
e
cr
y
s
tal
p
lan
e
(
1
1
1
)
[2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
d
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
SEM
im
ag
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
ted
p
atter
n
,
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
a
s
m
o
o
th
a
n
d
d
ef
ec
t
-
f
r
ee
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ates
elec
tr
o
n
m
o
v
em
en
t.
Fr
o
m
th
e
SEM
im
ag
e,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
Ag
NPs
o
n
th
e
r
GO
n
an
o
s
h
ee
ts
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
.
A
g
o
o
d
attac
h
m
en
t b
etwe
en
g
r
ap
h
en
e
an
d
s
ilv
er
p
ar
ticles m
ay
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
h
ig
h
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
E
M
i
m
ag
es o
f
(
a)
Ag
NP/rG
O
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
ites
,
(b
)
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
Ag
NPs
,
(
c)
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
Ag
NPs
,
an
d
(
d
)
SEM
im
ag
e
o
f
Ag
NP/rG
O
n
an
o
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
s
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
-
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ase
d
in
k
,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
4
-
Po
in
t
Pro
b
e
L
o
r
esta
GX
MCP
-
T
7
0
0
f
r
o
m
Mitsu
b
is
h
i
C
h
em
ical
An
aly
tech
C
o
.
L
td
.
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
Fo
u
r
g
r
ap
h
en
e
s
q
u
ar
e
s
am
p
les,
ea
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
1
×
1
cm
an
d
with
a
th
ick
n
e
s
s
,
t
o
f
1
u
m
,
wer
e
p
r
in
ted
o
n
th
e
f
lex
i
b
le
PET
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
4
-
Po
in
t
p
r
o
b
e
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
,
R
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
q
u
ar
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
u
r
tim
es
an
d
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
σ
v
alu
e
was
th
en
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
u
n
til
(
3
)
,
wh
er
e
,
an
d
R
C
F
in
d
icate
s
v
o
lu
m
e
r
esis
tiv
ity
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
esis
tiv
ity
an
d
r
esis
tiv
ity
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
f
o
r
R
C
F u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
a
co
n
s
tan
t v
alu
e
o
f
3
.
8
9
1
[2
8
]
.
=
1
(
1
)
=
∙
∙
(
2
)
=
∙
=
∙
1
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
2
2
7
-
2
4
2
230
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
tiv
ity
v
alu
es
f
o
r
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
les
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c)
.
Fro
m
th
e
b
o
x
p
l
o
t,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
s
am
p
le
1
,
2
,
an
d
4
s
h
o
w
a
p
o
s
itiv
ely
s
k
ewe
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
;
m
ea
n
wh
ile,
o
n
ly
s
am
p
le
3
s
h
o
ws
a
n
eg
ativ
el
y
s
k
ewe
d
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
.
T
h
is
tr
e
n
d
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
c
o
llected
d
ata
is
r
eliab
le
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t,
an
d
s
o
m
e
u
n
a
v
o
id
a
b
le
h
u
m
an
e
r
r
o
r
d
u
r
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
ig
h
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
h
ig
h
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
d
ata
s
et
in
s
am
p
le
3
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
v
alu
e
ac
h
iev
ed
f
r
o
m
al
l
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
an
d
s
am
p
les
is
3
.
9
5
×
10
6
S/m.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
v
alu
e
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
NFC
tag
an
t
en
n
a
d
esig
n
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t sectio
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t: (
a)
u
s
in
g
4
-
Po
in
t Pr
o
b
e
L
o
r
esta G
X
MCP
-
T
7
0
0
,
(
b
)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
g
r
ap
h
en
e
s
am
p
l
es,
an
d
(
c)
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
v
alu
es f
o
r
4
s
am
p
les
2
.
2
.
NF
C
t
a
g
a
nte
nn
a
des
ig
n
T
h
e
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
co
m
p
r
is
es
an
R
L
C
r
eso
n
an
ce
cir
cu
it,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
.
T
h
e
D
C
an
ten
n
a
r
esis
tan
ce
,
R
a
,
in
d
icate
s
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
c
o
il,
wh
ich
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
th
e
wid
t
h
(
w)
an
d
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
co
il.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
L
a
,
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
il
an
ten
n
a,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
an
ten
n
a
len
g
th
(
a)
,
wid
th
(
b
)
,
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tu
r
n
s
(
n
)
,
co
n
d
u
cto
r
’
s
wid
th
(
w)
,
a
n
d
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
’
s
g
a
p
(
g
)
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
HF
b
an
d
p
r
in
ted
cir
cu
it
b
o
ar
d
(
PC
B
)
an
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
C
a
is
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a,
wh
ich
ex
is
ts
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
ils
.
I
n
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a,
it
i
s
cr
u
cial
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
esis
tan
ce
to
r
ed
u
ce
h
ea
t
lo
s
s
in
th
e
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
NFC
tag
d
es
ig
n
m
u
s
t
p
r
io
r
itize
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
lo
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
an
ten
n
a
r
esis
tan
ce
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
m
all
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
is
ef
f
o
r
t
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
m
in
im
izin
g
h
ea
t
lo
s
s
an
d
en
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
,
as
th
e
two
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elate
d
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
(
4
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
:
(
a)
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it m
o
d
el
a
n
d
(
b
)
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
=
2
∙
∙
∙
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
F
lexib
le
h
yb
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
N
F
C
ta
g
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
temp
e
r
a
tu
r
e
mo
n
ito
r
in
g
…
(
N
a
jw
a
Mo
h
d
F
a
u
d
z
i
)
231
T
h
e
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
was sim
u
lated
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
wav
e
Stu
d
io
s
wit
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
c
o
i
l
t
u
r
n
s
,
w
i
d
t
h
s
a
n
d
g
a
p
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
c
o
i
l
s
,
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
r
e
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
d
e
s
i
g
n
A
,
d
e
s
i
g
n
B
,
a
n
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
C
w
e
r
e
s
i
m
u
l
at
e
d
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
s
4
(
a
)
t
o
4
(
c
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
ap
h
en
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
was
m
o
d
eled
with
a
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
v
alu
e
o
f
3
.
9
5
×
10
6
S/m,
as
ac
h
iev
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
(
2
.
1
)
an
d
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
1
µm
.
An
I
SO/IE
C
1
5
6
9
3
co
m
p
lian
t
ch
ip
f
r
o
m
T
ex
as
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
R
F4
3
0
FR
L
1
5
2
HC
R
GE
,
with
an
in
ter
n
al
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
3
5
p
F
[
29
]
,
was
in
teg
r
ate
d
at
th
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
g
e
o
m
etr
y
an
d
s
im
u
lated
v
alu
es
o
f
L
a
,
R
a
,
an
d
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
all
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
L
a
an
d
R
a
v
alu
es
wer
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
at
1
MH
z,
as
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
in
[3
0
]
,
to
n
e
g
lect
th
e
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
c
o
i
l
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
,
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
Q
-
f
a
ct
o
r
w
a
s
m
e
as
u
r
e
d
a
t
1
3
.
5
6
M
H
z
.
A
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
,
d
es
ig
n
A
a
n
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
B
h
av
e
s
im
ilar
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
v
alu
es,
b
o
th
o
f
wh
ich
ar
e
twice
as
h
ig
h
as
d
esig
n
C
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
wid
er
co
il
wid
t
h
o
f
d
esig
n
A
a
n
d
d
esig
n
B
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
esig
n
C
,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
f
lo
w.
Sin
ce
r
esis
tan
ce
is
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
as
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
(
4
)
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
esis
tan
ce
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
an
te
n
n
a’
s
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
esig
n
B
,
d
esig
n
A
h
as
2
0
%
s
m
aller
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
p
lace
m
en
t
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
item
s
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
es
wit
h
o
u
t
b
ein
g
o
v
er
ly
b
u
lk
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
d
esig
n
A
was
ch
o
s
en
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
tim
u
m
d
esig
n
f
o
r
p
r
in
tin
g
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
aly
s
is
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
f
o
r
(
a)
d
esig
n
A,
(
b
)
d
e
s
ig
n
B
,
an
d
(
c)
d
esig
n
C
T
ab
le
1
.
An
ten
n
a
g
e
o
m
etr
ies an
d
s
im
u
lated
L
a,
R
a
,
an
d
Q
-
f
a
cto
r
v
alu
es
D
e
si
g
n
A
B
C
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
50
×
40
50
×
50
50
×
50
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
w
i
d
t
h
,
w
(
mm
)
3
2
.
5
0
.
8
G
a
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
o
i
l
s,
g
(
mm
)
1
1
.
2
0
.
9
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
t
u
r
n
s
,
n
4
6
6
C
h
a
mf
e
r
w
i
d
t
h
,
c
(
mm
)
2
2
0
La
(
µ
H
)
@
1
M
H
z
0
.
7
5
1
.
2
1
2
.
3
5
R
a
(
Ω
)
@
1
M
H
z
3
7
.
0
3
6
5
.
9
6
3
0
8
.
7
7
Q
-
f
a
c
t
o
r
@
1
3
.
5
6
M
H
z
1
.
2
1
.
2
0
.
6
2
2
.
3
.
F
a
brica
t
io
n o
f
g
ra
ph
ene
-
ba
s
ed
NF
C
t
a
g
a
nte
nn
a
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
ta
g
an
ten
n
a
was
f
ab
r
icate
d
u
s
in
g
in
k
jet
p
r
in
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
t
h
e
PiXDR
O
L
P5
0
(
Su
SS
Mic
r
o
T
e
c)
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
laten
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
b
etwe
en
2
8
°C
to
6
0
°C
.
T
o
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
in
k
f
r
o
m
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
,
th
e
p
laten
g
w
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
2
2
7
-
2
4
2
232
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
t
h
is
f
ab
r
icatio
n
was
s
et
at
4
0
°C
.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
was
p
r
in
te
d
with
a
m
i
n
im
u
m
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
1
µm
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
r
i
n
tin
g
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
th
e
g
r
ap
h
en
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ial
w
as p
r
in
ted
o
n
a
PET
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
with
an
elec
tr
ical
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
3
an
d
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
1
2
m
m
.
Af
ter
p
r
in
ti
n
g
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
was
cu
r
ed
at
4
0
°C
f
o
r
3
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
co
il
an
d
b
r
id
g
e
wer
e
p
r
in
ted
s
ep
ar
ately
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
b
o
n
d
ed
u
s
in
g
s
ilv
er
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
ep
o
x
y
,
C
h
em
tr
o
n
ics
C
W
2
4
0
0
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
ep
o
x
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
cu
r
in
g
at
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
2
5
°C
)
f
o
r
4
h
o
u
r
s
,
with
m
ax
im
u
m
b
o
n
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
ac
h
iev
ed
af
ter
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
s
im
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
n
ten
n
a
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
,
an
ten
n
a
DC
r
esis
tan
ce
,
tag
r
e
ad
in
g
r
a
n
g
e,
b
en
d
in
g
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
ater
ials
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
m
ater
ial
as
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
elem
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
NFC
tag
an
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
as
ed
NFC
tag
an
ten
n
a
also
h
as
b
ee
n
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
f
lex
ib
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
cir
cu
it,
p
r
in
te
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
m
ater
ial,
an
d
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
tag
f
o
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
as b
ee
n
ev
al
u
ated
.
3
.
1
.
Ant
enna
i
nd
uct
a
nce,
L
a
a
nd
a
nte
nn
a
DC
r
esis
t
a
nce,
R
a
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
t
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
L
a
a
n
d
R
a,
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
in
ted
Desig
n
A
tag
an
ten
n
a
t
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
r
ee
s
am
p
les
o
f
t
h
e
Desig
n
A
an
ten
n
a,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
,
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
L
a
a
n
d
R
a
with
a
Key
s
ig
h
t
N5
2
3
2
B
PNA
-
L
Vec
to
r
Netwo
r
k
An
aly
ze
r
(
VNA)
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(b
)
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
m
ith
ch
a
r
t
r
esu
lt,
th
e
L
a
a
n
d
R
a
v
al
u
es
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
at
1
MH
z
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
,
wh
ile
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
v
alu
es
wer
e
ca
lcu
late
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
im
p
ed
an
ce
o
b
tain
e
d
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
1
3
.
5
6
M
Hz
u
s
in
g
(
4
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
On
av
e
r
ag
e,
th
e
s
im
u
lated
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
ex
h
ib
it
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
with
v
er
y
s
lig
h
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
f
o
r
L
a
,
R
a
,
an
d
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
v
alu
es.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
g
r
ap
h
en
e
-
b
ased
co
n
d
u
cti
v
e
m
ater
ial
is
well
p
r
in
ted
a
n
d
co
m
p
atib
le
with
th
e
f
lex
i
b
le
PET
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
m
ain
tain
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t c
o
n
d
u
c
tiv
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
en
tire
c
o
i
l d
esig
n
,
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
s
im
u
lat
io
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Desig
n
A
tag
an
ten
n
a’
s
(
a)
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es,
(
b
)
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t setu
p
f
o
r
an
ten
n
a
in
d
u
ctan
ce
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
u
s
in
g
th
e
Key
s
ig
h
t N
5
2
3
2
B
P
NA
-
L
VNA,
an
d
(
c)
e
x
am
p
le
o
f
a
Sm
ith
ch
a
r
t r
esu
lt
T
ab
le
2
.
Simu
lated
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
d
esig
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A
an
ten
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a
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cta
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ce
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esis
tan
ce
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d
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
C
S
T
s
i
mu
l
a
t
i
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me
a
s
u
r
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me
n
t
s
1
2
3
A
v
e
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La
(
µ
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7
5
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9
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a
(
Ω
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3
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3
5
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9
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1
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5
6
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1
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2
0
0
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9
7
1
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6
7
1
.
3
5
1
.
3
3
1
2
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
F
lexib
le
h
yb
r
id
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
N
F
C
ta
g
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
temp
e
r
a
tu
r
e
mo
n
ito
r
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g
…
(
N
a
jw
a
Mo
h
d
F
a
u
d
z
i
)
233
3
.
2
.
T
a
g
re
a
din
g
ra
ng
e
T
h
e
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
is
tan
ce
at
wh
ich
th
e
r
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d
e
r
ca
n
d
etec
t
th
e
tag
.
T
h
e
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
i
n
th
e
s
im
u
la
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
cu
r
v
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
at
1
.
5
A/m
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ea
d
i
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
,
as
1
.
5
A/m
is
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
a
ctiv
ate
th
e
ch
ip
[3
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
g
r
ap
h
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
a
p
h
en
e
-
b
ased
tag
an
ten
n
a
ac
h
ie
v
es a
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
.
2
c
m
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
tag
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
a
n
g
e
an
d
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
as
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
th
e
t
u
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e.
W
ith
o
u
t
a
n
y
t
u
n
in
g
,
th
e
tag
ca
n
alr
ea
d
y
b
e
d
etec
ted
with
a
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
o
f
u
p
to
1
.
8
cm
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
tu
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
t
o
7
5
p
F
m
ax
im
izes
th
e
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
at
a
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
1
5
MH
z,
with
a
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
c
m
.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
th
e
tu
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es
h
ig
h
er
,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
s
h
if
ts
to
a
lo
wer
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
th
e
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
d
is
tan
ce
ac
h
iev
ed
is
1
.
3
cm
wi
th
a
tu
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
2
0
0
p
F
an
d
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
1
1
.
5
3
MH
z.
B
elo
w
th
is
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
t
h
e
tag
an
ten
n
a
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
ete
cted
as
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
atch
e
d
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
n
o
m
a
g
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
s
h
o
ws
v
er
y
clo
s
e
ag
r
e
em
en
t
to
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
it
is
with
in
th
e
ty
p
ical
d
etec
tio
n
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
a
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
wh
ich
is
b
etwe
en
1
an
d
5
cm
[3
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
is
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
etu
p
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
was
th
en
v
er
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
etu
p
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
.
I
n
th
is
s
etu
p
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
with
th
e
tu
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
C
tun
o
n
th
e
b
r
ea
d
b
o
ar
d
an
d
th
e
R
F4
3
0
FR
L
1
5
2
HE
VM
b
o
ar
d
f
r
o
m
T
ex
as
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es R
F4
3
0
FR
L
1
5
2
H
ch
ip
.
T
o
d
etec
t th
e
tag
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
an
g
e
,
an
NFC
-
en
ab
led
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
s
p
ec
if
ically
th
e
Xiao
m
i
1
1
T
,
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
an
d
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
tag
an
d
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
v
er
n
ier
ca
llip
er
.
T
h
e
tu
n
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
was
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
5
0
p
F
to
2
0
0
p
F
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
b
y
th
e
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
VNA,
as
d
e
p
icted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
ta
g
a
n
ten
n
a
is
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
clo
s
er
t
o
a
co
il
an
ten
n
a
with
a
r
eso
n
an
t f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
o
v
e
r
5
0
MH
z
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
VNA.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
(
a)
m
ag
n
etic
f
i
eld
s
tr
en
g
th
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
d
i
s
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
tag
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(z
-
ax
is
)
a
n
d
(
b
)
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
with
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
tu
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Me
asu
r
em
e
n
t setu
p
f
o
r
(
a)
ta
g
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
a
n
g
e
an
d
(
b
)
an
ten
n
a
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
Cap
a
c
i
t
or
s
T
exa
s
I
nst
r
um
ent
B
oar
d
V
er
ni
er
ca
l
l
i
per
Sm
ar
t
phone
T
ag
A
nt
enna
T
ag
A
nt
enna
V
N
A
T
exa
s
I
nst
r
um
ent
B
oar
d
C
apaci
t
ors
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
2
2
7
-
2
4
2
234
3
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
bend
ing
a
t
diff
er
ent
ra
diu
s
T
h
e
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
tag
an
ten
n
a
h
as
also
b
ee
n
ass
ess
ed
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
b
en
d
in
g
r
ad
iu
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
b
en
t o
n
a
cy
lin
d
r
ical
f
o
am
with
o
f
1
,
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
an
g
les
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
c
y
lin
d
r
ical
b
en
d
in
g
r
a
d
iu
s
,
r
,
with
i
n
th
e
1
.
5
cm
to
4
.
5
cm
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
en
d
in
g
r
ad
i
u
s
a
n
d
a
n
g
le
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
r
c
le
n
g
th
,
f
o
r
m
u
la
in
(
5
)
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
b
en
d
in
g
an
g
le,
θ
is
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
t
h
e
cy
lin
d
er
,
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
an
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
r
ad
iu
s
(
1
.
5
cm
to
4
.
5
cm
)
r
esu
lts
in
a
d
ec
r
e
ase
in
th
e
b
en
d
i
n
g
an
g
le
(
1
9
0
.
9
⁰
to
6
3
.
7
⁰
)
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
S
-
p
ar
am
eter
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
b
en
d
i
n
g
r
ad
iu
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
in
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
h
if
ts
to
a
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
y
less
th
an
1
MH
z
f
o
r
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
b
e
n
d
in
g
an
g
le.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
is
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
r
em
ai
n
s
with
in
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
o
p
er
ati
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
f
o
r
NFC
tag
(
1
3
.
5
6
MH
z
<
f
Tag
<
1
6
MH
z)
[3
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
h
if
t
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
an
ten
n
a
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
L
a,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
en
d
i
n
g
m
ay
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
co
u
p
lin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
with
th
e
r
ea
d
er
,
as
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
i
n
ten
s
ity
is
r
e
d
u
ce
d
with
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
b
en
d
in
g
an
g
le,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
c)
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
b
en
d
in
g
a
n
g
le
lead
s
to
an
asy
m
m
etr
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
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r
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en
t
f
lo
w
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d
m
ag
n
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tic
f
ield
p
atter
n
s
with
in
th
e
a
n
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n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
=
∙
≈
=
(
5
)
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
(
a)
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
S
11
;
(
b
)
a
n
te
n
n
a
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
L
a
;
a
n
d
(
c
)
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
cy
lin
d
e
r
r
ad
i
u
s
,
r
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
at
d
if
f
er
en
t b
en
d
in
g
an
g
les,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
,
wer
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
tag
an
t
en
n
a
was
attac
h
ed
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
izes
o
f
cy
lin
d
er
f
o
am
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
a
n
g
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
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d
th
e
s
h
if
t
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a’
s
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
1
3
.
5
6
MH
z
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o
b
s
er
v
ed
u
s
in
g
VNA,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a’
s
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
e
m
ain
s
r
elativ
ely
co
n
s
tan
t
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
r
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ac
e
b
en
d
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g
o
f
cy
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er
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o
am
s
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ce
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t
f
o
r
th
e
cy
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er
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o
am
with
r
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cm
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θ=
1
9
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.
9
⁰)
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ich
s
h
o
ws
a
s
lig
h
t
s
h
if
t
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
1
MH
z
to
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h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
is
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
b
en
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
tag
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ea
d
in
g
r
a
n
g
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
2
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4
cm
to
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.
3
cm
as
th
e
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en
d
in
g
an
g
le
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in
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ea
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ed
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r
o
m
6
3
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7
⁰
to
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9
⁰
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ich
is
eq
u
al
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e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
cy
lin
d
er
r
a
d
iu
s
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
cm
to
1
.
5
cm
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
is
o
cc
u
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
b
e
n
d
in
g
a
n
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le
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m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
wh
en
th
e
cy
lin
d
e
r
r
ad
iu
s
is
s
m
aller
,
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ed
u
cin
g
th
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
ac
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s
ib
le
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r
f
ac
e
ar
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o
r
th
e
r
ea
d
e
r
.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
F
lexib
le
h
yb
r
id
g
r
a
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en
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a
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F
C
ta
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235
d
ir
ec
tly
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r
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o
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tio
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to
th
e
in
d
u
ce
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m
a
g
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etic
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ield
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e
s
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aller
th
e
s
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r
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ac
e
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ea
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e
les
s
m
ag
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ield
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in
d
u
ce
d
in
th
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tag
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ten
n
a,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
tag
r
ea
d
in
g
r
an
g
e.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tag
an
ten
n
a
is
r
o
b
u
s
t to
cu
r
v
atu
r
e,
with
th
e
s
m
allest d
etec
tio
n
r
a
n
g
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
ein
g
1
.
3
cm
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t a
t
d
if
f
er
en
t b
e
n
d
in
g
an
g
le
u
s
in
g
(
a)
cy
lin
d
er
f
o
am
s
with
v
ar
y
in
g
r
ad
iu
s
an
d
(
b
)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t setu
p
f
o
r
an
te
n
n
a
r
eso
n
an
t f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
u
s
in
g
VNA
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t r
esu
lt
s
o
f
(
a)
S
-
p
a
r
am
eter
,
S
11
an
d
(
b
)
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
a
n
g
e
with
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
f
b
en
d
in
g
an
g
le
3
.
4
.
Sens
it
iv
it
y
o
n
diff
er
ent
s
urf
a
ce
T
h
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
-
b
ased
tag
wh
en
attac
h
ed
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ater
ials
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
,
was
ev
al
u
ated
.
T
h
e
tag
an
t
en
n
a
was
af
f
i
x
ed
to
v
ar
i
o
u
s
m
ater
ials
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
last
ic,
ca
r
t
o
n
b
o
x
,
wo
o
d
,
an
d
m
etal,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
s
12
(
a)
-
(
d
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
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o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
ea
s
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r
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en
ts
,
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e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
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th
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tag
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n
ten
n
a
is
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o
t
m
u
ch
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f
ec
ted
b
y
p
l
asti
c,
ca
r
to
n
b
o
x
es,
o
r
wo
o
d
m
ater
ials
,
wh
er
e
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
e
m
ain
r
elativ
ely
co
n
s
tan
t
wh
en
attac
h
ed
to
t
h
ese
m
ater
ials
,
w
ith
o
n
ly
s
lig
h
t
s
h
if
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
2
2
7
-
2
4
2
236
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
MH
z
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
in
f
r
ee
air
,
as
d
ep
icted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
wh
e
n
th
e
tag
an
ten
n
a
is
m
o
u
n
ted
to
m
etal,
i
t lo
s
es p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t r
eso
n
ate
at
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies.
T
h
is
b
eh
av
io
u
r
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
an
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
o
n
th
e
m
etallic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
wh
ich
g
en
er
ate
a
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
in
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
wea
k
e
n
in
g
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
th
e
NFC
r
ea
d
er
.
T
o
less
en
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
ta
g
an
ten
n
a,
a
m
ag
n
etic
s
h
ee
t
s
u
ch
as
f
er
r
ite
o
r
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
ca
n
b
e
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
tag
an
ten
n
a,
as r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
in
[3
4
]
,
[3
5
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
An
ten
n
a
attac
h
e
d
t
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t m
ater
ials
: (
a)
p
last
ic
,
(
b
)
ca
r
to
n
b
o
x
,
(
c)
wo
o
d
,
a
n
d
(
d
)
m
etal
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t r
esu
lt
s
o
f
S
11
wh
en
d
if
f
e
r
en
t m
ater
i
als ar
e
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
tag
3
.
5
.
I
nte
g
ra
t
io
n
wit
h t
em
per
a
t
ure
s
ens
o
r
Fo
r
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
ap
h
en
e
-
b
ased
tag
an
ten
n
a
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
4
is
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
f
lex
ib
le
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
th
e
R
F4
3
0
FR
L
1
5
2
H
ch
ip
an
d
1
0
0
k
Ω
NT
C
th
er
m
is
to
r
f
r
o
m
Su
n
l
o
r
d
,
wh
ic
h
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
tag
an
ten
n
a
with
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
tag
an
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
cir
cu
it
ar
e
p
r
in
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
ap
h
en
e
-
b
ased
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ial.
Su
r
f
ac
e
-
m
o
u
n
t
d
ev
ice
(
SMD)
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
esis
to
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
ar
e
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
th
e
cir
cu
it
u
s
in
g
s
ilv
er
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
ep
o
x
y
,
C
h
em
tr
o
n
ics
C
W
2
4
0
0
,
with
th
e
aid
o
f
a
s
ten
cil.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
b
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
o
f
t
h
e
tag
f
o
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
p
in
1
a
n
d
2
o
f
th
e
c
h
ip
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
R
T
1
)
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
ADC2
p
in
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
to
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
p
o
ten
tial
(
SVSS
)
.
A
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
r
esis
to
r
(
R
ref
)
,
with
th
e
s
am
e
v
alu
e
as
th
e
t
h
er
m
is
to
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