I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
,
p
p
.
70
~
75
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
6
.i
1
.
p
p
70
-
75
70
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
So
la
r t
ra
cker
using
Arduino mic
ro
co
ntroller a
nd lig
ht
dependen
t
resis
tor
K
a
la
g
o
t
la
Chenchireddy
1
,
G
o
us
e
B
a
s
ha
M
ull
a
1
,
Va
dthy
a
J
a
g
a
n
2
,
Wa
s
ee
m
Su
lt
a
na
3
,
Sh
a
bb
ier
A
hm
ed
Sy
du
4
,
E
s
w
a
ra
ia
h
G
idd
a
lur
5
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
G
e
e
t
h
a
n
j
a
l
i
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
V
i
g
n
a
n
a
B
h
a
r
a
t
h
i
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
A
A
R
M
a
h
a
v
e
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
4
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s Al
-
M
u
s
a
n
n
a
h
,
M
u
l
a
d
d
a
h
,
O
m
a
n
5
JN
TU
H
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
r
2
4
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
No
v
2
9
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
Dec
9
,
2
0
2
4
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
a
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
is
s
o
lar
trac
k
e
r
u
sin
g
Ard
u
i
n
o
a
n
d
L
DRs
.
Th
e
a
im
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
p
a
p
e
r
is
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
o
f
so
l
a
r
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
b
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
a
n
in
te
ll
ig
e
n
t
s
o
lar
trac
k
in
g
sy
ste
m
.
Th
is
sy
ste
m
e
m
p
lo
y
s
li
g
h
t
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
re
sisto
rs
(LDRs)
a
s
se
n
so
rs
t
o
d
e
tec
t
a
m
b
ien
t
li
g
h
t
lev
e
ls,
e
n
a
b
l
in
g
p
re
c
ise
a
d
ju
stm
e
n
ts
o
f
so
lar
p
a
n
e
ls
a
lo
n
g
b
o
th
a
z
i
m
u
th
a
n
d
e
lev
a
ti
o
n
a
x
e
s.
T
h
e
Ard
u
in
o
m
icro
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
se
rv
e
s
a
s
th
e
in
tell
e
c
t
o
f
th
e
sy
ste
m
,
o
rc
h
e
stra
ti
n
g
t
h
e
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
ize
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
is
se
rv
o
m
o
to
rs
to
a
li
g
n
so
lar
p
a
n
e
ls
o
p
ti
m
a
ll
y
wi
th
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
p
o
in
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
.
Th
e
c
o
re
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
li
t
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
trac
k
e
r
in
v
o
l
v
e
s
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
o
f
LDR
re
a
d
in
g
s
to
c
a
lcu
late
th
e
so
lar
a
z
imu
th
a
n
d
e
le
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
g
les
.
T
h
e
se
a
n
g
les
a
re
th
e
n
u
se
d
t
o
sit
u
a
ti
o
n
th
e
so
lar
p
a
n
e
ls
d
y
n
a
m
ica
ll
y
,
e
n
su
r
in
g
th
e
y
a
re
c
o
n
sta
n
tl
y
o
rien
te
d
n
e
a
r
th
e
su
n
f
o
r
m
a
x
im
u
m
e
n
e
rg
y
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
is s
o
lar t
ra
c
k
e
r
u
si
n
g
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
a
n
d
L
DRs
o
ffe
rs
se
v
e
ra
l
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s,
in
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
in
c
re
a
se
d
e
n
e
rg
y
o
u
tp
u
t,
b
e
tt
e
r
sy
ste
m
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
a
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
y
o
n
fix
e
d
s
o
lar
i
n
sta
ll
a
t
io
n
s.
Th
e
lo
w
-
c
o
st
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
ta
b
le
n
a
tu
re
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sy
ste
m
m
a
k
e
s
it
s
u
it
a
b
le
f
o
r
v
a
rio
u
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
s
u
c
h
a
s
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
s
o
lar
in
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
s,
o
ff
-
g
r
id
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
B
atter
y
L
DR
Ser
v
o
m
o
to
r
So
lar
p
an
el
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Kala
g
o
tla
C
h
en
ch
ir
ed
d
y
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Gee
t
h
an
jali Co
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Hy
d
er
ab
ad
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
ch
en
ch
ir
ed
d
y
.
k
alag
o
tla
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
o
s
u
s
tai
n
life
o
n
E
ar
th
,
we
n
ee
d
d
y
n
am
is
m
f
o
r
o
u
r
b
o
d
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
o
d
an
d
f
o
r
m
ac
h
in
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
ter
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Sin
ce
n
o
n
-
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
d
e
p
letin
g
,
th
er
e
is
a
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
,
with
th
e
s
u
n
b
ein
g
a
k
ey
s
o
u
r
ce
.
So
lar
ce
lls
cu
r
r
en
tly
h
ar
n
e
s
s
o
n
ly
a
s
m
all
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
d
y
n
am
is
m
d
u
e
t
o
th
eir
f
ix
ed
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
e
n
er
g
y
ca
p
t
u
r
e,
s
o
l
ar
tr
ac
k
er
s
a
r
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
m
o
v
em
en
t.
A
u
th
o
r
s
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
a
d
u
al
-
a
x
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
u
s
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
o
o
s
t
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
y
u
p
to
4
5
%
[
1
]
-
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
an
a
ly
ze
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
r
ee
DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
p
r
ed
ictab
le,
q
u
ad
r
atic,
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
f
lo
wed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
u
s
ed
in
a
s
o
lar
PV
s
y
s
tem
with
a
p
er
tu
r
b
-
an
d
-
o
b
s
er
v
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
i
n
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
W
h
ile
a
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
s
o
lar
PV
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
it
s
tr
u
g
g
les
with
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
r
atio
s
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
ca
s
ca
d
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
P&
O
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
its
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
tr
a
ck
er u
s
in
g
A
r
d
u
in
o
micro
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
lig
h
t d
e
p
en
d
en
t res
is
to
r
(
K
a
la
g
o
tla
C
h
en
ch
ir
ed
d
y
)
71
s
im
p
licity
an
d
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
to
m
ax
im
ize
p
o
we
r
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
y
in
g
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
l
in
k
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
ese
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
[
6
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
u
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
to
ev
alu
ate
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
m
ain
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
d
u
al
-
ax
is
p
lan
etar
y
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
r
esid
en
tial u
s
e,
aim
in
g
to
b
o
o
s
t
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
h
as
th
r
ee
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
es:
Dev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
d
u
al
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
e
r
u
s
in
g
a
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
ch
em
atic
with
a
s
in
g
le
m
o
to
r
d
r
i
v
er
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
az
im
u
t
h
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
a
n
g
les.
Key
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
i
n
clu
d
e
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
Me
g
a2
5
6
0
,
T
B
6
5
6
0
s
tep
p
er
d
r
iv
e
r
,
s
tep
p
e
r
m
o
to
r
s
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
au
t
o
m
atio
n
h
ar
d
war
e
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
R
ep
lace
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
ar
d
with
a
cu
s
to
m
lo
w
-
c
o
s
t
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
PC
B
b
ased
o
n
th
e
AVR
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Po
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
l
ik
e
s
tu
ck
-
at
-
0
an
d
s
tu
ck
-
at
-
1
d
ef
e
cts,
alo
n
g
with
ch
allen
g
es
lik
e
h
ar
d
war
e
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
an
d
ac
c
ess
ib
ilit
y
,
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
er
v
icea
b
ilit
y
.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
n
o
v
el
m
ain
tain
ab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
id
en
tifie
d
f
ac
to
r
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
an
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
m
ain
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
en
h
an
ce
d
s
y
s
tem
r
e
p
air
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
u
p
tim
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etr
ics.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
d
u
al
-
a
x
is
s
o
lar
tr
a
ck
er
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
e
d
to
o
p
tim
ize
en
er
g
y
ca
p
tu
r
e
b
y
u
n
in
t
er
r
u
p
ted
l
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
s
o
lar
p
an
els
to
r
em
ain
p
er
p
e
n
d
icu
lar
to
s
u
n
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
es
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
elev
atio
n
an
d
az
im
u
th
a
n
g
les,
with
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
an
el
alig
n
m
en
t.
Mo
to
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
p
a
n
els
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata,
wh
ile
an
I
o
T
-
e
n
ab
led
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
u
p
d
ates
v
ia
a
web
p
a
g
e
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
d
u
al
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
er
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
o
u
td
o
es
f
ix
ed
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
y
s
tem
s
in
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
with
h
ig
h
s
o
lar
an
g
les an
d
v
ar
iab
le
s
u
n
li
g
h
t.
2.
SYST
E
M
ARCH
I
T
E
CT
U
R
E
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lu
m
p
d
r
aw
in
g
o
f
a
d
u
al
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
e
r
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
d
ata
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
b
etwe
en
its
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
E
ac
h
b
lo
ck
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
co
n
tr
i
b
u
t
in
g
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el's
p
o
s
itio
n
to
m
a
x
im
ize
en
e
r
g
y
ca
p
tu
r
e.
B
elo
w
is
a
d
etailed
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
b
lo
ck
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
lig
h
t
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
r
esis
to
r
s
(
L
D
R
s
)
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
in
p
u
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
u
r
L
DR
s
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
in
a
cr
o
s
s
-
lik
e
ar
r
an
g
em
en
t
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el.
E
ac
h
L
DR
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
i
n
its
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
an
alo
g
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
DR
s
in
d
icate
th
e
b
r
ig
h
tn
ess
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t
in
th
eir
a
r
ea
.
T
h
ese
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
f
e
d
in
t
o
th
e
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
a
n
alo
g
p
in
s
,
w
h
er
e
th
ey
a
r
e
c
o
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
d
ig
ital
d
ata
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
is
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ac
k
er
,
allo
win
g
it
to
d
etec
t
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
p
o
s
itio
n
ac
cu
r
ately
.
At
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
s
u
ch
as
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
wh
ich
ac
ts
as
th
e
b
r
ain
o
f
th
e
tr
ac
k
er
.
I
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
s
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
in
te
n
s
ity
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
o
p
p
o
s
ite
L
DR
p
air
s
(
e.
g
.
,
le
f
t
v
s
r
ig
h
t
f
o
r
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
an
d
to
p
v
s
b
o
tto
m
f
o
r
v
e
r
tical
tr
ac
k
in
g
)
.
I
f
th
er
e
is
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
in
ten
s
ity
,
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
lcu
lates
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
n
ee
d
s
to
m
o
v
e
to
alig
n
with
th
e
s
u
n
.
Usi
n
g
th
is
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
it
g
en
er
ates
p
r
ec
is
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
s
ig
n
als
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
also
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
p
an
el
s
tay
s
with
in
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
lim
its
to
av
o
id
o
v
e
r
-
r
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
r
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
L
2
9
8
N
o
r
L
2
9
3
D
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
o
d
u
le,
is
an
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
.
I
t
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
tr
a
n
s
lates
th
em
in
to
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
r
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
o
p
er
ate
s
af
el
y
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
u
f
f
icien
t
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
eir
d
ir
e
ctio
n
(
clo
ck
wis
e
o
r
co
u
n
ter
clo
c
k
wis
e)
.
T
h
is
b
lo
ck
p
lay
s
a
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
r
o
le
in
c
o
n
v
er
tin
g
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l lo
g
ic
in
to
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
v
em
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Du
al
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
70
-
75
72
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n studies
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
u
al
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
T
in
k
er
C
AD
d
iag
r
am
.
T
in
k
er
ca
d
is
an
ex
ce
llen
t
p
latf
o
r
m
to
d
esig
n
an
d
s
im
u
late
a
d
u
a
l
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
b
ef
o
r
e
b
u
ild
in
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
I
t
allo
ws
y
o
u
t
o
v
ir
tu
ally
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
with
cir
cu
its
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
an
d
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
co
d
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
Her
e'
s
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
h
o
w
to
cr
ea
te
a
n
d
s
im
u
late
a
d
u
al
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
in
T
in
k
er
ca
d
.
T
h
e
T
in
k
er
ca
d
im
itatio
n
f
o
r
a
d
u
al
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
in
v
o
l
v
es
r
ep
licatin
g
a
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
e
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
ad
j
u
s
ts
its
p
o
s
itio
n
to
m
ax
im
ize
s
u
n
lig
h
t
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
es
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
s
,
an
d
a
n
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
to
a
u
to
m
ate
th
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Du
al
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
e
r
tin
k
er
ca
d
d
iag
r
am
3
.
2
.
P
r
a
ct
ica
l i
m
pli
ca
t
io
n
a
p
pli
ca
t
io
ns
in re
s
i
dentia
l a
nd
o
f
f
-
g
rid sy
s
t
em
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws th
e
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
.
A
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
is
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
p
lan
n
ed
to
m
ax
im
ize
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
e
ls
.
Un
lik
e
s
tatio
n
ar
y
s
o
lar
p
an
els,
wh
ich
ca
n
o
n
ly
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t
at
f
ix
ed
a
n
g
l
es,
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
er
s
ac
tiv
el
y
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
ef
f
o
r
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
k
y
f
r
o
m
ea
s
t
to
west
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
im
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
o
f
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
g
r
o
u
p
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els
ar
e
alwa
y
s
alig
n
ed
wit
h
th
e
s
u
n
’
s
r
a
y
s
,
th
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
.
Sin
g
le
-
a
x
is
tr
ac
k
er
s
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
r
e
s
id
en
tial,
co
m
m
er
cial,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
in
s
tallatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
im
p
licity
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
a
x
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
.
A
s
in
g
le
-
a
x
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
s
o
lar
p
an
el
:
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
e
n
er
g
y
-
h
a
r
v
esti
n
g
u
n
it.
L
ig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
DC
m
o
to
r
,
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e,
f
r
am
e
,
an
d
m
o
u
n
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
y
p
ically
L
DR
s
,
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
b
r
ai
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
th
at
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
an
d
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
A
m
o
to
r
th
at
r
o
tates
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
alo
n
g
a
s
in
g
le
ax
is
.
An
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
it
o
r
m
o
d
u
le
L
2
9
8
N
th
at
r
eg
u
late
s
m
o
to
r
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
b
ased
o
n
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ig
n
als.
A
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
p
a
n
el
an
d
allo
ws it to
r
o
tate.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
DC
Mo
to
r
lin
k
ed
with
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
.
T
h
e
s
e
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
m
all
h
o
u
s
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
to
lar
g
e
u
tili
ty
-
s
ca
le
s
o
lar
f
ar
m
h
o
u
s
es.
T
h
ey
ar
e
esp
ec
ially
v
alu
ab
le
in
r
eg
io
n
s
with
h
ig
h
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
wh
er
e
m
ax
im
izin
g
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
is
cr
u
cial.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
also
u
s
ed
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
wh
er
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els
p
o
wer
i
r
r
ig
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
in
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
in
s
tallatio
n
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
eliab
le
en
er
g
y
in
r
em
o
te
a
r
ea
s
.
T
h
eir
v
er
s
atility
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
cy
m
ak
e
th
em
a
n
in
teg
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
u
al
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
.
T
h
is
is
a
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ax
im
ize
s
o
lar
p
an
el
ef
f
icien
cy
b
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
its
p
o
s
it
io
n
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
u
n
in
b
o
th
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
(
az
im
u
th
)
an
d
v
e
r
tical
(
altitu
d
e)
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Usi
n
g
Ar
d
u
in
o
as
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
co
m
b
in
es
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
m
o
to
r
s
,
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
ca
p
t
u
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
a
n
d
y
e
ar
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
f
o
u
r
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
s
p
lace
d
in
a
cr
o
s
s
p
atter
n
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
p
an
el
.
T
h
ese
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
i
n
ten
s
ity
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
alo
g
i
n
p
u
ts
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
e
L
DR
r
ea
d
in
g
s
an
d
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
s
u
n
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
it
y
b
etwe
en
o
p
p
o
s
ite
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
I
f
th
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
d
if
f
er
s
alo
n
g
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
ax
is
,
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
s
ig
n
als
th
e
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
m
o
to
r
to
a
d
ju
s
t
t
h
e
p
a
n
el’
s
az
im
u
th
an
g
le.
I
f
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
d
if
f
er
s
alo
n
g
th
e
v
er
tical
ax
is
,
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
s
ig
n
s
th
e
v
er
tical
m
o
to
r
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
p
a
n
el’
s
tilt
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ad
ju
s
ts
th
e
p
an
el’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
to
m
ain
tain
m
a
x
im
u
m
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
s
u
n
lig
h
t.
At
n
ig
h
t
o
r
in
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
k
s
th
e
p
an
el
in
a
d
ef
au
lt
p
o
s
itio
n
to
av
o
id
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
m
o
v
em
en
t.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
p
a
r
am
et
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
tr
a
ck
er u
s
in
g
A
r
d
u
in
o
micro
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
lig
h
t d
e
p
en
d
en
t res
is
to
r
(
K
a
la
g
o
tla
C
h
en
ch
ir
ed
d
y
)
73
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
S
in
g
le
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
a
ck
er
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
S
in
g
le
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
a
ck
er
co
n
t
r
o
l sch
em
e
Fig
u
r
e
5.
DC
m
o
to
r
lin
k
ed
with
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Du
al
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
d
iag
r
am
T
ab
le
1
.
So
lar
p
an
el
f
ea
tu
r
es
S
.
N
o
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
R
a
t
i
n
g
1
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
5
V
2
M
a
x
p
o
w
e
r
1
W
3
O
p
e
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
6
V
4
S
h
o
r
t
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
2
2
0
mA
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
a
p
e
r
,
b
o
t
h
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
a
x
i
s
a
n
d
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
i
l
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
r
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
o
l
a
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
b
y
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
o
r
i
e
n
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
n
e
l
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
h
e
s
u
n
.
T
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
a
x
i
s
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
,
w
h
i
l
e
s
i
m
p
l
e
r
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
a
n
o
t
a
b
l
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
f
i
x
e
d
p
a
n
e
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
b
y
a
d
j
u
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
n
e
l
'
s
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
n
g
o
n
e
a
x
i
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
d
j
u
s
t
s
t
h
e
p
a
n
e
l
s
a
l
o
n
g
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
a
z
i
m
u
t
h
a
n
d
e
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
x
e
s
,
p
r
o
v
e
d
t
o
b
e
f
a
r
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
,
m
a
x
i
m
i
z
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
a
y
a
n
d
a
c
r
o
s
s
s
e
a
s
o
n
s
b
y
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
p
a
n
e
l
a
n
g
l
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
t
o
t
h
e
s
u
n
.
I
n
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
o
f
f
e
r
s
l
a
r
g
e
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
c
h
o
i
c
e
a
m
i
d
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
a
x
i
s
a
n
d
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
i
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
s
t
,
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
B
o
t
h
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
h
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
s
h
o
w
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
t
h
e
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
M
a
s
i
h
a
n
d
I
.
O
d
i
n
a
e
v
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
C
o
mp
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
w
i
t
h
S
t
a
t
i
c
S
o
l
a
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
U
r
a
l
R
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
R
u
ss
i
a
,
”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
1
9
U
ra
l
S
y
m
p
o
si
u
m
o
n
Bi
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
R
a
d
i
o
e
l
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
U
S
BER
EI
T
2
0
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
7
5
–
3
7
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
U
S
B
E
R
EI
T.
2
0
1
9
.
8
7
3
6
6
4
2
.
[
2
]
S
.
S
a
h
u
,
S
.
Ti
w
a
r
i
,
a
n
d
R
.
N
.
P
a
t
e
l
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
o
f
d
u
a
l
a
x
i
s
so
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
f
o
r
a
s
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
P
V
s
y
st
e
m,”
i
n
2
0
2
0
1
st
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Po
w
e
r,
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
I
C
PC
2
T
2
0
2
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
9
6
–
1
0
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
P
C
2
T4
8
0
8
2
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
0
7
1
4
5
1
.
[
3
]
V
.
Jag
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
D
a
s
,
"
H
i
g
h
b
o
o
st
i
n
g
t
y
p
e
Z
-
so
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
/
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
Z
-
so
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
so
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
st
e
m,"
2
0
1
5
A
n
n
u
a
l
I
EEE
I
n
d
i
a
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
I
N
D
I
C
O
N
)
,
N
e
w
D
e
l
h
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
N
D
I
C
O
N
.
2
0
1
5
.
7
4
4
3
6
6
5
.
[
4
]
A
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
S
.
A
d
h
a
v
,
A
.
D
a
l
v
i
,
A
.
C
h
i
p
p
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
R
a
n
e
,
“
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
b
a
s
e
d
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ar
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
m
a
r
t
E
n
e
rg
y
,
I
C
AI
S
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
9
–
1
7
9
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
A
I
S
5
3
3
1
4
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
7
4
2
8
7
6
.
[
5
]
Y
.
A
j
g
a
o
n
k
a
r
,
M
.
B
h
i
r
u
d
,
a
n
d
P
.
R
a
o
,
“
D
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
S
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
S
o
l
a
r
P
V
S
y
st
e
m
U
s
i
n
g
M
P
P
T
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
n
d
S
e
l
f
-
C
l
e
a
n
i
n
g
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s T
r
a
c
k
e
r
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
9
5
t
h
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s,
I
C
A
C
C
S
2
0
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
2
7
–
3
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
A
C
C
S
.
2
0
1
9
.
8
7
2
8
4
9
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
70
-
75
74
[
6
]
Z.
S
.
A
l
ma
j
a
l
i
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
A
l
d
m
o
u
r
,
“
G
l
o
b
a
l
P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
B
a
se
d
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
f
o
r
S
o
l
a
r
C
a
r
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
3
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
l
e
a
n
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r,
I
C
C
EP
2
0
2
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
5
–
5
7
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
C
EP5
7
9
1
4
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
2
4
7
4
5
9
.
[
7
]
G
.
K
a
t
y
a
l
,
S
.
M
a
d
a
a
n
,
N
.
Th
a
k
u
r
,
a
n
d
S
.
G
u
p
t
a
,
“
I
o
T
B
a
se
d
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
a
n
d
I
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
F
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
U
si
n
g
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
1
0
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Re
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
I
n
f
o
c
o
m
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
T
ren
d
s
a
n
d
F
u
t
u
r
e
D
i
rec
t
i
o
n
s)
,
I
C
RI
T
O
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
R
I
TO
5
6
2
8
6
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
9
6
4
7
2
0
.
[
8
]
S
.
V
e
n
k
a
t
e
s
h
w
a
r
l
u
,
V
.
S
.
P
r
a
n
a
v
,
C
.
S
.
A
n
i
r
u
d
h
,
a
n
d
K
.
S
.
R
e
d
d
y
,
“
A
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
V
a
r
i
o
u
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
s
t
o
H
a
r
n
e
ss
M
a
x
i
mu
m
En
e
r
g
y
-
A
B
r
i
e
f
R
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
2
2
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
m
a
r
t
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
i
n
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Po
w
e
r
S
e
c
t
o
rs,
S
S
T
EP
S
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
5
2
–
5
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
S
TEPS
5
7
4
7
5
.
2
0
2
2
.
0
0
0
2
6
.
[
9
]
S
.
V
.
M
i
t
r
o
f
a
n
o
v
,
D
.
K
.
B
a
y
k
a
se
n
o
v
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
S
u
l
e
e
v
,
“
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
A
u
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
S
o
l
a
r
P
o
w
e
r
P
l
a
n
t
w
i
t
h
D
u
a
l
-
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
1
8
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
r
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
G
ree
n
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
U
r
a
l
C
o
n
2
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
9
0
–
9
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
U
R
A
L
C
O
N
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
5
4
4
2
7
5
.
[
1
0
]
V
.
Jag
a
n
,
J.
K
o
t
t
u
r
u
a
n
d
S
.
D
a
s,
"
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
-
B
o
o
s
t
Q
u
a
si
-
Z
-
S
o
u
r
c
e
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
W
i
t
h
Tw
o
-
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
I
mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,"
i
n
I
EEE
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
4
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
6
8
8
5
-
6
8
9
7
,
S
e
p
t
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
1
7
.
2
6
8
8
9
6
4
.
[
1
1
]
S
.
S
h
a
r
ma
a
n
d
Y
.
R
o
h
i
l
l
a
,
“
A
S
t
u
d
y
-
Le
v
e
l
D
u
a
l
-
A
x
i
s
A
c
t
i
v
e
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
1
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
Au
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
,
I
C
S
C
AN
2
0
2
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
S
C
A
N
5
3
0
6
9
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
5
2
6
5
2
3
.
[
1
2
]
I
.
H
.
R
o
sma,
J
.
A
smaw
i
,
S
.
D
a
r
m
a
w
a
n
,
B
.
A
n
a
n
d
,
N
.
D
.
A
l
i
,
a
n
d
B
.
A
n
t
o
,
“
Th
e
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
d
u
a
l
a
x
i
s
s
u
n
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
s
y
st
e
m
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
e
n
e
r
g
y
g
a
i
n
o
f
so
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
1
8
2
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s:
T
o
w
a
r
d
t
h
e
M
o
st
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
W
a
y
o
f
Ma
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
D
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
F
u
t
u
r
e
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
Po
w
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
Bi
g
D
a
t
a
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
I
C
o
n
EEI
2
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
–
1
9
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
o
n
-
E
EI
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
7
8
4
3
2
1
.
[
1
3
]
Y
.
B
.
A
r
i
s
o
t
y
a
,
A
.
B
.
P
r
i
m
a
w
a
n
,
a
n
d
D
.
U
.
S
u
w
a
r
n
o
,
“
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
w
i
t
h
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
M
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s,
I
C
I
EE
2
0
2
2
-
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
I
EE5
5
5
9
6
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
0
1
0
1
8
8
.
[
1
4
]
H
.
A
.
E.
M
.
S
a
l
a
m
a
a
n
d
A
.
T.
M
o
h
a
med
Ta
h
a
,
“
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
I
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
P
o
w
e
r
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m,”
i
n
2
0
1
8
2
0
t
h
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Mi
d
d
l
e
E
a
st
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
s
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
,
ME
P
C
O
N
2
0
1
8
-
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
4
6
–
4
5
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
EPCO
N
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
6
3
5
1
9
7
.
[
1
5
]
P
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
K
.
N
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
J.
B
h
a
r
d
w
a
j
,
a
n
d
M
.
K
.
C
h
o
u
d
h
u
r
y
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
u
a
l
a
x
i
s
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
i
n
N
o
r
t
h
-
Ea
s
t
I
n
d
i
a
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
1
5
t
h
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
,
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
I
C
EE
C
C
O
T
2
0
2
1
-
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
6
7
0
–
6
7
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
EEC
C
O
T
5
2
8
5
1
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
7
0
8
0
0
0
.
[
1
6
]
A
.
S
a
w
a
n
t
,
D
.
B
o
n
d
r
e
,
A
.
Jo
sh
i
,
P
.
Ta
mb
a
v
e
k
a
r
,
a
n
d
A
.
D
e
s
h
mu
k
h
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
a
u
t
o
ma
t
e
d
d
u
a
l
a
x
i
s
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
l
i
g
h
t
se
n
s
o
r
s,”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
-
S
M
AC
(
I
o
T
i
n
S
o
c
i
a
l
,
Mo
b
i
l
e
,
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
l
o
u
d
)
,
I
-
S
MA
C
2
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
5
4
–
4
5
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
-
S
M
A
C
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
6
5
3
7
7
9
.
[
1
7
]
H
.
M
.
F
a
h
a
d
,
A
.
I
sl
a
m,
M
.
I
sl
a
m,
M
.
F
.
H
a
sa
n
,
W
.
F
.
B
r
i
sh
t
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
R
a
h
ma
n
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
d
u
a
l
a
n
d
s
i
n
g
l
e
a
x
i
s
so
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
m
c
o
n
si
d
e
r
i
n
g
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
v
e
r
,
”
i
n
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
:
P
o
w
e
r
f
o
r
Pro
g
ress
,
I
C
E
PE
2
0
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
C
EPE.
2
0
1
9
.
8
7
2
6
6
4
6
.
[
1
8
]
S
.
S
.
F
a
r
o
o
q
,
J.
A
t
t
i
q
u
e
,
S
.
A
.
A
h
ma
d
,
M
.
U
.
F
a
r
o
o
q
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Q
a
i
sr
a
n
i
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
O
f
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
A
c
t
u
a
t
e
d
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
S
e
r
i
a
l
M
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Em
e
rg
i
n
g
T
r
e
n
d
s
i
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
,
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
n
d
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
ETECTE
2
0
2
2
-
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
ET
EC
T
E5
5
8
9
3
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
0
0
7
3
6
4
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
El
g
e
z
i
r
y
a
n
d
T.
H
a
t
e
m
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
i
n
g
a
D
u
a
l
-
a
x
i
s
O
p
e
n
-
l
o
o
p
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
f
o
r
C
P
V
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
i
n
2
0
2
0
4
7
t
h
I
EEE
Ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
st
s
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(
PVS
C
)
,
I
EEE,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
2
–
1
5
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
P
V
S
C
4
5
2
8
1
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
3
0
0
6
9
9
.
[
2
0
]
J.
K
a
r
t
h
i
k
a
,
D
.
Lo
u
i
s
F
e
r
n
a
n
d
a
s,
K
.
Lo
g
e
s
h
K
r
i
s
h
n
a
,
A
.
M
e
e
n
a
k
s
h
i
S
u
n
d
a
r
a
m,
a
n
d
S
.
N
i
r
u
j
,
“
H
y
b
r
i
d
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
w
i
t
h
3
l
e
v
e
l
D
C
t
o
D
C
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
G
S
S
b
a
s
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
8
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
s
(
I
C
A
C
C
S
)
,
I
EEE,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
8
–
1
5
1
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
A
C
C
S
5
4
1
5
9
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
7
8
5
2
5
2
.
[
2
1
]
V
.
Ja
g
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
D
a
s,
"
Tw
o
-
Ta
p
p
e
d
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
q
u
a
si
I
mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
S
o
u
r
c
e
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
2
TL
-
q
ZSI
)
f
o
r
P
V
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
"
2
0
1
6
I
EEE
6
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
ms (
I
C
P
S
)
,
N
e
w
D
e
l
h
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
P
ES.2
0
1
6
.
7
5
8
4
0
7
2
.
[
2
2
]
C
.
V
.
S
h
a
r
ma,
V
.
Ja
g
a
n
,
S
.
S
r
i
n
i
v
a
s,
a
n
d
A
.
Y
.
V
.
B
.
N
.
S
.
N
a
i
d
u
,
“
M
a
s
t
e
r
-
S
l
a
v
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
D
u
a
l
-
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
:
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
I
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
0
I
EEE
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
,
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
(
S
C
E
EC
S
)
,
I
EEE,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
C
E
EC
S
4
8
3
9
4
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
2
.
[
2
3
]
S
.
R
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
P
.
D
a
s,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
D
u
a
l
A
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
1
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Pe
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
C
o
m
PE)
,
I
EEE,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
–
2
7
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
C
o
mP
E5
3
1
0
9
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
7
5
1
9
7
2
.
[
2
4
]
V
.
Jag
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
D
a
s
,
"
O
n
e
sw
i
t
c
h
e
d
-
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
Z
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
"
2
0
1
7
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
mp
u
t
i
n
g
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s (i
-
P
A
C
T)
,
V
e
l
l
o
r
e
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
P
A
C
T.
2
0
1
7
.
8
2
4
4
8
9
9
.
[
2
5
]
P
.
G
u
p
t
a
,
V
.
G
u
p
t
a
,
M
.
S
h
a
r
ma
,
R
.
K
.
P
a
c
h
a
u
r
i
,
a
n
d
J
.
A
k
h
t
a
r
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
T
h
r
e
e
a
x
i
s
S
o
l
a
r
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m,”
i
n
2
0
2
2
7
t
h
As
i
a
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
AC
PEE)
,
I
EEE,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
6
–
1
8
8
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
P
E
E5
3
9
0
4
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
7
8
3
7
6
2
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
D
r
.
K
a
l
a
g
o
t
l
a
C
h
e
n
c
h
i
r
e
d
d
y
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
i
s
B
.
T
e
c
h
.
a
n
d
M
.T
ech
.
f
r
o
m
JN
TU
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
i
n
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
P
h
.
D
.
i
n
Ka
r
u
n
y
a
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
K
a
r
u
n
y
a
n
a
g
a
r
,
C
o
i
m
b
a
t
o
r
e
,
T
N
,
I
n
d
i
a
i
n
2
0
2
4
.
H
e
i
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
l
y
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
ia
t
e
p
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
i
n
G
e
e
t
h
a
n
j
a
l
i
Co
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
.
H
e
h
a
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
p
a
p
e
r
s
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
.
H
e
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
a
p
e
rs
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
S
c
o
p
u
s
a
n
d
W
e
b
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
I
n
d
e
x
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
s
.
H
i
s
a
r
e
a
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
;
a
n
d
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
.
H
e
i
s
a
r
e
g
u
l
a
r
r
e
v
i
e
we
r
o
f
I
S
A
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
C
y
b
e
r
n
e
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
S
C
I
E
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
s
,
I
J
P
E
D
S
,
a
n
d
I
J
A
P
E
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l
:
c
h
e
n
c
h
i
r
e
d
d
y
.
k
a
l
a
g
o
t
l
a
@
g
m
a
i
l
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
tr
a
ck
er u
s
in
g
A
r
d
u
in
o
micro
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
lig
h
t d
e
p
en
d
en
t res
is
to
r
(
K
a
la
g
o
tla
C
h
en
ch
ir
ed
d
y
)
75
G
o
u
se
Ba
sha
Mu
ll
a
is r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
.
Tec
h
.
a
n
d
M
.T
ech
.
fr
o
m
JN
TU
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia,
in
2
0
1
2
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
w
o
rk
i
n
g
p
re
se
n
tl
y
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
G
e
e
th
a
n
jali
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia.
He
h
a
s
p
re
se
n
ted
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
a
p
e
rs
i
n
v
a
ri
o
u
s
Na
t
io
n
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s.
His
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
,
a
n
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
.
g
o
u
se
b
a
sh
a
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Va
d
th
y
a
J
a
g
a
n
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
Tela
n
g
a
n
a
S
tate
,
In
d
ia,
in
1
9
8
5
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
C.
V.R
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
Tela
n
g
a
n
a
S
tate
,
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
Driv
e
s
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
fro
m
I
n
d
ian
In
st
it
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Ro
o
r
k
e
e
,
Uttara
k
h
a
n
d
,
In
d
ia,
i
n
2
0
1
1
.
F
ro
m
Au
g
u
st
,
2
0
1
1
t
o
Ju
ly
,
2
0
1
3
,
h
e
wo
rk
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
S
h
a
rd
a
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
G
re
a
ter
No
id
a
,
Uttar
P
ra
d
e
sh
.
T
h
e
n
,
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
fro
m
In
d
ian
In
sti
tu
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
R
o
o
r
k
e
e
,
Uttara
k
h
a
n
d
,
I
n
d
ia
in
2
0
1
8
.
He
wo
r
k
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
fe
s
so
r
fro
m
J
u
ly
,
2
0
1
8
to
Au
g
u
st
2
0
2
3
i
n
Vi
g
n
a
n
a
Bh
a
ra
th
i
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(VBIT),
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
Tela
n
g
a
n
a
S
tate
,
In
d
ia.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
wo
rk
i
n
g
a
s
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
EE
E
De
p
t.
,
VBIT
sin
c
e
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r,
2
0
2
3
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
wo
rk
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
RP
S
p
r
o
jec
t
ti
tl
e
d
“
An
a
ly
sis,
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
E
x
trem
e
-
Bo
o
st
Qu
a
si
Z
-
so
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
To
p
o
lo
g
ies
”
sa
n
c
ti
o
n
e
d
b
y
AICT
E.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
o
v
e
l
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
ie
s
o
n
Z
-
s
o
u
rc
e
i
n
v
e
r
ters
a
n
d
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
a
n
d
so
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic s
y
ste
m
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
jag
a
n
.
ii
tr@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Wa
se
e
m
S
u
lta
n
a
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
S
h
a
d
a
n
Wo
m
e
n
’s
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
JN
TU
-
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia
in
th
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
(
p
o
we
r
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s
)
fro
m
M
a
h
a
v
e
e
r
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
JN
TU
-
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia
i
n
th
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
2
.
S
h
e
jo
in
e
d
a
s
re
se
a
rc
h
sc
h
o
l
a
r
i
n
J
u
ly
2
0
1
8
i
n
EE
E
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
S
a
t
h
y
a
b
a
m
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
Tam
il
Na
d
u
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
wa
se
e
m
su
lt
a
n
a
4
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
S
h
a
b
b
ier
Ah
m
e
d
S
y
d
u
d
isti
n
g
u
is
h
e
d
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
n
d
sc
h
o
lar
wit
h
a
str
o
n
g
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
b
a
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
i
n
th
e
fiel
d
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
He
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
fro
m
S
ri
S
a
t
y
a
S
a
i
Un
iv
e
r
sity
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
M
e
d
ica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
In
d
ia,
wh
e
re
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
d
o
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
in
g
t
h
e
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
so
lar
a
n
d
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
in
t
o
e
x
isti
n
g
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s.
P
rio
r
t
o
h
is
d
o
c
t
o
ra
l
stu
d
ies
,
e
a
rn
e
d
a
m
a
ste
r
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
d
e
g
re
e
fr
o
m
JN
TU
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
In
d
ia,
w
h
e
re
h
e
fu
rt
h
e
re
d
h
is
e
x
p
e
rti
se
in
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
ri
v
e
s.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
l
o
r
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
Ac
h
a
ry
a
Na
g
a
rju
n
a
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
wh
e
re
h
e
laid
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
h
is
c
a
re
e
r
in
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sh
a
b
b
ier@a
c
t.
e
d
u
.
o
m
.
Esw
a
r
a
ia
h
G
id
d
a
lu
r
is
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
.
Tec
h
.
a
n
d
M
.T
ech
.
fro
m
JN
T
U
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
ia
,
in
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
a
n
d
p
u
rs
u
in
g
P
h
.
D
.
i
n
JN
TUH
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
H
y
d
e
ra
b
a
d
I
n
d
ia
.
He
h
a
s
p
re
se
n
ted
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
a
p
e
rs
in
v
a
ri
o
u
s
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
C
o
n
fe
r
e
n
c
e
s.
His
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
s,
DC
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
,
a
n
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
rters
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
e
sh
wa
r2
1
9
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.