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o
n
co
n
tain
er
-
s
ized
u
n
its
co
u
ld
b
e
elec
tr
if
ie
d
g
lo
b
al
ly
with
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
.
Yan
o
a
n
d
C
o
s
s
u
[
1
1
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
en
er
g
y
-
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV
)
tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es.
Z
h
an
g
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
co
m
b
i
n
ed
t
r
ac
tio
n
an
d
b
allast co
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
in
till
ag
e
d
ep
th
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
,
wh
ee
l sli
p
,
an
d
to
tal
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
th
u
s
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
h
ig
h
-
ef
f
icien
c
y
p
lo
win
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
.
T
r
o
n
co
n
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
an
al
y
ze
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
elec
tr
if
y
in
g
f
ar
m
in
g
tr
ac
t
o
r
s
,
f
in
d
in
g
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
f
o
r
lig
h
t d
u
ties
in
v
in
e
y
ar
d
s
a
n
d
o
r
ch
ar
d
s
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
n
o
is
e
an
d
v
ib
r
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
Ko
r
m
awa
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
m
ec
h
an
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
Af
r
ican
co
u
n
tr
ies
b
y
b
o
o
s
tin
g
f
a
r
m
p
o
wer
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
b
u
s
in
ess
m
o
d
els.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
m
ac
h
in
e
r
y
em
is
s
io
n
s
in
B
eijin
g
d
u
r
in
g
2
0
2
0
,
tr
ac
to
r
s
em
itted
8
0
t
C
O,
2
1
t
HC
,
1
0
4
t
NOx
,
an
d
1
0
t
P
M,
f
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
2
1
5
to
n
s
o
f
p
o
llu
tan
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
p
ay
atten
tio
n
to
ac
cu
r
ate
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
em
is
s
io
n
in
ten
s
ity
an
d
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
licy
m
ak
in
g
[
1
5
]
.
Gao
an
d
Xu
e
c
r
ea
ted
a
f
in
a
n
cin
g
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
a
u
s
ed
d
iesel tr
ac
to
r
in
to
a
n
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
an
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
as
p
o
wer
in
c
r
e
ases
,
lim
ited
b
y
th
e
weig
h
t a
n
d
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
,
as we
ll a
s
d
r
iv
in
g
tim
e,
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
i
n
v
estme
n
t p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
o
f
2
.
0
5
3
y
ea
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
elec
tr
icity
p
r
ices
an
d
th
e
u
n
it
co
s
t
o
f
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
s
h
ig
h
ly
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
.
I
t
is
m
o
r
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
to
co
n
v
er
t
d
iesel
-
f
u
el
ed
tr
ac
to
r
s
in
to
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
s
wh
en
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
elec
tr
icity
r
em
ain
s
lo
w
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
it
c
o
s
t
o
f
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
s
f
alls
d
u
e
to
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
ts
in
b
atter
y
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
B
ased
on
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
it
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
to
im
p
lem
en
t
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
s
with
lar
g
e
p
o
wer
n
ee
d
s
,
b
o
th
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ically
[
1
]
.
Un
til
n
o
w,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
n
o
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
.
Han
d
p
lo
w
tr
ac
to
r
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
ca
n
b
e
b
o
u
g
h
t
with
o
u
t
a
d
r
iv
e
I
C
E
en
g
in
e.
Far
m
er
s
ca
n
th
en
in
s
tall
th
e
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
an
d
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
tr
ac
to
r
'
s
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
is
to
ass
es
s
th
e
tech
n
ical
an
d
in
v
estme
n
t
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
tili
zin
g
elec
tr
ic
h
an
d
p
lo
w
tr
ac
to
r
s
b
y
b
u
y
i
n
g
a
h
a
n
d
p
l
o
w
tr
ac
to
r
with
o
u
t
a
d
r
iv
e
en
g
in
e
an
d
in
s
tallin
g
an
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
an
d
b
atter
y
s
y
s
tem
th
em
s
elv
es.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
also
g
iv
es
in
s
ig
h
t
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
to
d
ev
elo
p
n
ew
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
elec
tr
ic
h
a
n
d
p
lo
w
tr
ac
to
r
s
with
o
u
t
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
elec
tr
ic
h
an
d
p
lo
w
tr
ac
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
b
eg
in
n
in
g
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
Fo
r
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
th
e
elec
t
r
ic
g
r
id
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
s
is
an
id
ea
l
ch
o
ice
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Vo
g
t
et
a
l
.
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
elec
tr
ic
t
r
ac
to
r
s
y
s
tem
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
r
o
b
u
s
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
,
esp
ec
ially
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
en
e
r
g
y
t
r
an
s
itio
n
in
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
elec
tr
icity
g
r
id
.
E
lectr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
s
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
en
g
in
e
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
c
o
s
t
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
with
an
h
o
u
r
ly
co
s
t
o
f
2
to
3
t
im
es
lo
wer
,
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
e
n
g
in
es.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ts
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
en
ef
its
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
s
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
s
ettin
g
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
tr
ac
to
r
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
will
s
u
cc
ee
d
i
f
th
e
in
v
estme
n
t
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tr
a
cto
r
s
with
in
ter
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
en
g
in
es
(
I
C
E
)
.
T
h
e
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
v
o
l
v
e
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ac
to
r
t
y
p
e
to
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
tr
ac
to
r
p
r
o
p
u
ls
io
n
s
y
s
tem
in
c
lu
d
in
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
an
d
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ities
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
u
ls
io
n
s
y
s
tem
,
a
co
s
t
ca
lcu
lati
o
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
an
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
,
tak
in
g
in
t
o
ac
c
o
u
n
t
v
ar
io
u
s
b
atter
y
o
p
tio
n
s
as
th
e
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
A
n
i
n
v
estme
n
t
f
e
asib
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
is
th
en
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
ased
o
n
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
p
atter
n
s
,
as r
ev
ea
led
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
r
esear
c
h
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Tech
n
ica
l a
n
d
co
s
t a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
n
elec
tr
ic
h
a
n
d
p
lo
w
tr
a
cto
r
fo
r
s
p
ec
ific
…
(
C
u
k
S
u
p
r
iya
d
i
A
li N
a
n
d
a
r
)
177
T
h
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ex
p
en
s
es
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
a
v
ia
b
le
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
ar
e
d
er
iv
e
d
.
E
lectr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
co
m
p
ete
with
d
iesel
tr
ac
to
r
s
if
f
ar
m
e
r
s
ca
n
wo
r
k
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
with
o
u
t
b
atter
y
r
ec
h
ar
g
in
g
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
ty
p
ically
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
g
ar
d
en
s
o
r
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
es
with
lim
ited
ar
ea
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ac
to
r
.
F
o
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
elec
ts
a
tr
ac
to
r
with
an
en
g
in
e
p
o
wer
o
f
5
.
5
Hp
,
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
a
b
atter
y
with
lo
w
en
er
g
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
k
W
h
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
is
en
tails
a
lar
g
e
in
itial in
v
estme
n
t d
u
e
to
th
e
co
s
t o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
2
.
1
.
E
lect
ric
t
ra
ct
o
r
co
nv
er
s
io
n schem
e
I
n
g
en
er
al,
tr
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
class
if
i
ed
in
to
lar
g
e
tr
ac
to
r
s
,
m
in
i
tr
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
h
an
d
tr
ac
to
r
s
.
L
ar
g
e
an
d
m
in
i
tr
ac
to
r
s
f
all
u
n
d
er
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
wh
ee
led
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
wh
ile
h
a
n
d
tr
a
cto
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er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
in
to
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
e
r
g
y
ar
e
0
.
8
5
a
n
d
0
.
7
5
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
=
×
×
/
ɳ
(
2
)
Fo
r
f
in
an
cial
an
al
y
s
is
,
as
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
d
iesel
m
o
to
r
f
u
el
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
3
)
,
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
d
iesel
in
I
DR
/lit
er
;
is
d
iesel
m
o
to
r
p
o
wer
in
kW
;
is
th
e
an
n
u
al
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
in
h
o
u
r
s
;
Sfc
is
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
el
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
d
iesel
e
n
g
in
e
in
g
r
/k
W
.
h
;
an
d
is
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
av
ity
o
f
d
iesel
f
u
el
in
k
g
/lit
er
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Per
tam
in
a,
th
e
p
r
ice
f
o
r
D
ex
lite
n
o
n
-
s
u
b
s
id
ized
f
u
el
in
Ma
y
2
0
2
3
is
I
DR
1
3
,
7
0
0
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er
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
av
ity
o
f
d
iesel
D
ex
lite is 0
.
8
1
5
-
0
.
8
8
0
k
g
/lit
er
.
=
×
×
×
/
(
1000
×
)
(
3
)
Fin
an
cial
an
aly
s
is
in
clu
d
es
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
(
PB
P),
in
ter
n
al
r
ate
o
f
r
etu
r
n
(
I
R
R
)
,
an
d
b
en
ef
it
-
co
s
t
r
atio
(
B
/C
)
.
T
h
e
PB
P
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
in
v
estme
n
t
v
alu
e
b
y
th
e
an
n
u
al
n
et
ca
s
h
in
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
I
R
R
est
im
ates
in
v
estme
n
t
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
th
e
B
/C
r
atio
co
m
p
ar
es
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t
s
to
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
,
wh
er
e
'
B
'
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
b
en
ef
it
o
r
p
r
o
f
i
t
an
d
'
C
'
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
u
ls
io
n
s
y
s
tem
an
al
y
ze
d
th
e
d
aily
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ac
to
r
,
th
e
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
,
an
d
t
h
e
b
att
er
y
ty
p
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
ass
em
b
ly
co
s
t
o
f
an
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
to
r
,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
o
n
th
e
tr
ac
to
r
'
s
weig
h
t,
an
d
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
life
cy
cle
co
s
ts
o
f
elec
tr
ic
an
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tr
ac
to
r
s.
3
.
1
.
O
pera
t
io
na
l
o
f
ha
nd
t
ra
c
t
o
r
B
ased
o
n
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
h
an
d
tr
ac
to
r
s
u
s
ed
t
o
p
lo
w
r
ice
f
ield
s
i
n
r
u
r
al
a
r
ea
s
o
f
Ng
awi
R
eg
en
c
y
,
E
ast
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
at
a
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
d
aily
d
iesel
f
u
el
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
is
at
lea
s
t
s
ev
en
liter
s
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
ar
e
e
ig
h
t
h
o
u
r
s
p
er
d
ay
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
a
o
n
e
-
h
o
u
r
b
r
ea
k
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
ar
e
esti
m
ated
at
s
ix
h
o
u
r
s
,
with
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
o
f
id
le
tim
e.
I
d
le
tim
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
f
u
el
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
in
im
ized
.
T
y
p
ically
,
id
le
tim
e
r
a
n
g
es f
r
o
m
1
0
% to
4
3
% o
f
th
e
to
tal
wo
r
k
in
g
tim
e
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
d
ata
o
f
h
an
d
tr
ac
to
r
s
in
Ng
awi
r
eg
e
n
cy
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
U
n
i
t
V
a
l
u
e
P
o
w
e
r
o
f
h
a
n
d
t
r
a
c
t
o
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
HP
5
.
5
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
i
me
p
e
r
d
a
y
H
o
u
r
6
Th
e
w
o
r
k
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
h
a
n
d
t
r
a
c
t
o
r
H
o
u
r
/
h
e
c
t
a
r
e
11
P
l
o
w
d
e
p
t
h
Cm
30
p
l
o
w
s
p
a
c
i
n
g
Cm
40
-
50
f
u
e
l
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
h
o
u
r
Li
t
e
r
/
h
o
u
r
1
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
d
a
y
s
p
e
r
m
o
n
t
h
D
a
y
20
3
.
2
.
P
o
wer
o
f
ha
nd
t
ra
ct
o
r
eng
ine
T
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
c
a
n
b
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
b
y
d
i
v
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d
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g
t
h
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n
e
r
g
y
i
n
d
i
e
s
e
l
f
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e
l
b
y
t
h
e
f
u
e
l
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
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o
n
r
a
t
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
c
t
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n
g
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n
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
0
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2
7
l
i
t
e
r
s
/
k
W
h
.
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f
t
h
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f
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is
3
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7
k
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9
6
h
p
.
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n
a
v
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il
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t
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m
a
r
k
e
t
h
a
s
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te
d
p
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w
e
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f
4
.
1
k
W
(
p
e
a
k
p
o
w
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f
8
k
W
)
,
o
p
e
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t
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at
7
2
V
AC
,
3
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p
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a
s
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n
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f
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R
P
M
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5
m
il
l
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n
.
3
.
3
.
B
a
t
t
er
y
f
o
r
elec
t
ric
ha
nd
t
ra
ct
o
r
T
h
e
n
ick
el
m
an
g
a
n
ese
co
b
alt
(
NM
C
)
lith
iu
m
b
atter
y
was
s
e
lecte
d
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
r
ice,
weig
h
t,
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
d
e
n
s
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
lith
iu
m
ir
o
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
(
L
FP
)
an
d
s
ea
led
lea
d
-
ac
id
(
SLA)
b
atter
ies
[
2
9
]
.
Giv
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
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&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
6
9
4
Tech
n
ica
l a
n
d
co
s
t a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
n
elec
tr
ic
h
a
n
d
p
lo
w
tr
a
cto
r
fo
r
s
p
ec
ific
…
(
C
u
k
S
u
p
r
iya
d
i
A
li N
a
n
d
a
r
)
179
an
av
e
r
ag
e
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
o
f
3
.
7
k
W
a
n
d
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
s
ix
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
is
2
2
.
2
k
W
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
weig
h
t
a
n
d
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
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C
1
8
6
5
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d
2
1
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0
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atter
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h
e
g
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ap
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illu
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ates
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b
atter
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d
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lu
m
e
r
eq
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ir
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o
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l
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y
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o
r
a
n
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ic
tr
ac
t
o
r
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ix
h
o
u
r
s
p
er
d
ay
.
T
h
e
L
ith
iu
m
NM
C
1
8
6
5
0
b
atter
y
is
5
0
%
-
7
0
%
h
ea
v
ier
th
an
th
e
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C
2
1
7
0
0
b
att
er
y
,
b
u
t
it
o
cc
u
p
ies
5
0
%
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o
lu
m
e.
I
f
s
u
f
f
icien
t
s
p
ac
e
is
av
ailab
le,
th
e
NM
C
2
1
7
0
0
b
atter
y
is
p
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
d
u
e
t
o
its
lig
h
ter
weig
h
t.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
two
b
atter
y
o
p
tio
n
s
av
ailab
le
o
n
th
e
m
ar
k
et
with
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
s
.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
en
er
g
y
s
atu
r
atio
n
ex
ce
ed
in
g
1
.
5
k
W
/k
N
m
ay
lead
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
u
el
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ca
r
b
o
n
o
x
id
e
em
is
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io
n
s
,
s
o
il
co
m
p
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
tr
ac
to
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
[
3
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
co
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ac
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it
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aly
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e
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itab
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atter
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C
1
8
6
5
0
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atter
ies
with
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p
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ities
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elo
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7
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5
k
W
h
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d
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C
2
1
7
0
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atter
ies
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elo
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1
2
.
5
k
W
h
a
r
e
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m
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ar
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le
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o
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ie
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el
tr
ac
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s
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ter
m
s
o
f
weig
h
t.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
NM
C
2
1
7
0
0
b
atter
ies
h
as
m
in
im
al
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
tr
ac
to
r
'
s
en
er
g
y
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
if
th
e
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
1
5
k
W
h
.
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h
is
ca
p
ac
ity
allo
ws
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
h
o
u
r
s
,
ass
u
m
in
g
2
0
% o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
r
em
ain
s
u
n
u
s
ed
.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
y
p
e
o
f
b
atter
y
ch
o
ic
es
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
Li
t
h
i
u
m
N
M
C
1
8
6
5
0
Li
t
h
i
u
m
N
M
C
2
1
7
0
0
V
o
l
t
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g
e
7
2
V
7
2
V
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
0
A
h
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I
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