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2
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th
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e
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m
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th
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th
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m
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late
th
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v
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lt
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a
ll
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g
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ro
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b
in
a
ti
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o
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c
o
n
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h
n
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q
u
e
s.
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e
d
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tailed
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
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ra
ti
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o
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e
a
c
h
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o
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re
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se
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ted
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t
h
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a
p
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imu
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n
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n
M
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t
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M
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d
s
th
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m
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ts.
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sh
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a
l
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a
t
o
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u
se
s
o
f
th
is t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
a
re
li
m
it
e
d
to
S
R
M
with
a
n
e
v
e
n
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
h
a
se
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Asy
m
m
etr
ic
h
alf
b
r
i
d
g
e
Miller
Pro
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
c
o
n
tr
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Pu
ls
e
with
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Sh
ar
ed
s
witch
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
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A
uth
o
r
:
R
o
n
ald
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Ma
r
tu
a
Sch
o
o
l o
f
E
lectr
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a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics,
I
n
s
titu
t T
ek
n
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lo
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i Ban
d
u
n
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B
an
d
u
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,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
r
o
n
ald
o
m
ar
tu
a@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
A
s
witch
ed
r
elu
ctan
ce
m
o
to
r
(
SR
M)
is
an
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
th
at
o
p
er
ates
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
r
elu
ctan
ce
.
SR
Ms
h
av
e
a
r
elativ
ely
s
im
p
le
m
ec
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an
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
m
p
ar
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to
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th
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m
o
to
r
ty
p
es,
r
ed
u
cin
g
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
co
s
t
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
Un
lik
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
s
,
SR
Ms
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
in
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
e
r
o
to
r
is
ty
p
ically
a
s
im
p
le
p
iece
o
f
f
er
r
o
m
ag
n
etic
m
ater
ial
with
s
alien
t
p
o
les.
T
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
ets
in
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
SR
Ms,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
less
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
an
d
th
e
r
m
al
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
c
o
n
t
ain
s
win
d
in
g
s
th
at
ar
e
en
er
g
ized
in
a
s
eq
u
en
tial
m
an
n
er
to
cr
ea
te
a
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
p
ath
,
in
d
u
ci
n
g
m
o
tio
n
in
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
SR
Ms
ex
h
ib
it
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
e
r
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
p
ee
d
s
a
n
d
lo
a
d
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
v
er
s
atile
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
it
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
h
ig
h
to
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
ity
[
4
]
-
[
8
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
it
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
an
d
ac
o
u
s
tic
n
o
is
e
as
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
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wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
co
n
ce
r
n
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
er
e
n
o
is
e
is
a
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
[
9
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
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atio
n
o
f
an
SR
M
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
t
h
e
r
elu
ctan
ce
to
r
q
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e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
a
n
d
s
tato
r
p
o
les.
Sev
er
al
cr
u
cial
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t,
s
u
ch
as
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
all
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
les
ar
e
n
o
t
a
lig
n
ed
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
as
th
is
wo
u
ld
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
g
en
er
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
117
-
128
118
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
p
o
le
n
u
m
b
er
s
ca
n
no
t
b
e
e
q
u
al.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
p
h
ases
ar
e
en
er
g
ized
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
o
to
r
t
o
m
o
v
e
to
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
m
i
n
im
u
m
r
elu
ctan
ce
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
also
ca
u
s
es
to
r
q
u
e
to
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
,
wh
ich
p
u
s
h
es th
e
r
o
to
r
in
to
alig
n
m
en
t [
1
4
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
SR
M
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
w
id
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
d
th
u
s
f
ar
,
in
clu
d
in
g
SR
M
1
2
/1
0
,
8
/6
,
6
/4
,
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
n
u
m
er
ical
v
alu
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
to
tal
co
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
le
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
t
o
r
.
T
h
e
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
s
er
v
es
to
illu
s
tr
ate
SR
M
8
/6
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
with
f
o
u
r
p
h
ase
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
eg
io
n
in
o
r
an
g
e
clea
r
ly
in
d
i
ca
tes th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
eig
h
t stat
o
r
p
o
les,
wh
ile
th
e
r
eg
io
n
in
b
lu
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ies
th
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
s
ix
r
o
to
r
p
o
les.
T
o
e
s
tab
lis
h
a
win
d
in
g
p
h
ase,
th
e
win
d
in
g
s
o
n
B
1
a
n
d
B
2
ar
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
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o
n
n
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te
d
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C
o
n
s
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en
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tal
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f
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r
-
p
h
ase
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s
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ted
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ex
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d
in
g
f
r
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m
A
1
-
A2
all
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e
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to
D1
-
D2
[
1
8
]
.
SR
M
8
/6
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
h
o
m
e
ap
p
lian
ce
s
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wca
s
es
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
SR
M
8
/6
in
s
o
m
e
au
to
m
atic
co
o
k
in
g
m
ac
h
in
es.
Fo
r
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
SR
Ms,
it
n
ee
d
s
a
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
t
h
at
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
d
r
iv
e
SR
M
h
as
ce
r
tain
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ites
.
T
h
ese
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ites
in
clu
d
e
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
h
a
v
in
g
at
least
o
n
e
s
witch
th
at
ca
n
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
tly
co
n
d
u
ct
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
an
d
p
o
s
s
ess
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
ex
cite
th
e
p
h
ase
p
r
io
r
to
en
ter
in
g
t
h
e
d
em
ag
n
etizin
g
r
eg
io
n
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
v
er
ter
s
av
ailab
le,
th
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
h
alf
b
r
id
g
e
(
AHB)
co
n
v
er
ter
s
tan
d
s
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
ac
ce
p
ted
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
its
ef
f
icien
c
y
i
n
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l
ea
c
h
p
h
ase
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
tly
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
o
es
h
a
v
e
its
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
ce
o
f
lar
g
e
s
witch
in
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Du
e
to
th
is
d
r
awb
ac
k
,
th
e
s
h
ar
e
d
s
witch
an
d
Miller
’
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
n
o
p
tio
n
al
alte
r
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
d
r
iv
in
g
SR
Ms.
T
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
AHB
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
r
e
q
u
ir
es
f
ewe
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
u
t
is
lim
ited
to
SR
Ms
with
an
e
v
e
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
ases
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
Miller
’
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
n
ee
d
s
th
e
f
ewe
s
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
r
ief
o
u
tlo
o
k
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ea
c
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
d
r
i
v
in
g
SR
M,
n
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
em
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
el
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
ea
c
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
SR
M
8
/6
with
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
in
g
PI
co
n
t
r
o
l
in
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
m
o
d
e
with
PW
M.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
will
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
lin
ea
r
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
an
d
m
o
d
e
l
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
SR
Ms
with
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
f
i
r
in
g
an
g
le
an
d
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
f
o
r
AHB,
Sh
ar
ed
Switch
,
an
d
Mil
ler
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
test
s
,
wh
ich
em
p
l
o
y
t
h
e
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
T
MS3
2
0
F2
8
3
7
9
D
with
lo
g
ic
b
ased
o
n
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fo
u
r
p
h
ase
-
SR
M
8
/6
:
(
a)
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
(
b
)
a
ct
u
al
u
n
it f
o
r
h
o
m
e
a
p
p
lian
ce
s
2.
CO
NT
RO
L
a
n
d SW
I
T
CH
I
NG
ST
RA
T
E
G
Y
2
.
1
Co
ntr
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
:
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
ntr
o
l
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l,
wh
ic
h
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
elem
en
ta
r
y
co
n
t
r
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
s
witch
ed
r
elu
ctan
ce
m
ac
h
in
e
(
SR
M)
,
is
p
r
im
ar
il
y
u
tili
ze
d
in
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
e
m
an
d
o
p
tim
al
d
r
iv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
its
ty
p
i
ca
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
ch
em
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
s
ev
er
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
,
a
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
,
an
d
a
b
lo
ck
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
atin
g
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
co
m
m
o
n
ly
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
in
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
iv
es
f
ea
tu
r
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es,
ty
p
ically
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
lin
ea
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
(
PI)
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
s
p
ee
d
er
r
o
r
an
d
g
en
er
ates
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al
b
y
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
PW
M
d
u
ty
cy
cle
with
th
e
f
ix
ed
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
tr
ig
g
er
i
n
g
ea
ch
p
h
ase
an
d
d
eter
m
in
in
g
h
o
w
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ap
p
lied
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
is
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
l,
it
is
i
m
p
er
ativ
e
to
h
av
e
ac
cu
r
ate
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
T
o
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
is
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
witch
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
n
tr
o
l str
a
teg
y
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f th
e
8
/6
s
w
itch
ed
r
elu
cta
n
ce
mo
to
r
in
s
ev
era
l in
ve
r
ter
…
(
R
o
n
a
ld
o
Ma
r
tu
a
)
119
an
g
le.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
witch
in
g
an
g
le
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
will
m
ag
n
etize
wh
en
th
e
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctan
ce
is
at
m
in
im
u
m
co
n
d
itio
n
(
θ
on
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tat
o
r
is
u
n
alig
n
ed
in
m
in
im
u
m
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
a
n
d
it
will
b
e
o
f
f
b
e
f
o
r
e
it
r
ea
ch
es
m
ax
im
u
m
c
o
n
d
itio
n
(
θ
off
)
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
n
e
g
ativ
e
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el,
esp
ec
ially
in
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
SR
Ms m
o
d
el
in
an
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as in
(
1
)
:
=
+
(
)
+
(
1
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e,
is
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t,
is
th
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
tan
ce
,
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
is
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
an
d
is
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
to
r
q
u
e
elec
tr
ic
(
)
eq
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as in
(
2
)
.
=
1
2
2
(
,
)
(
2
)
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
e
q
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as in
(
3
)
:
−
=
+
(
3
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
lo
ad
,
is
f
r
ictio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t,
a
n
d
is
SR
M
in
er
tia.
I
f
we
ass
u
m
e
t
h
a
t
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
n
o
n
-
s
atu
r
ate
d
an
d
th
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
is
in
a
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
,
s
o
(
,
)
~
(
)
.
T
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
ities
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
im
p
e
r
ativ
e
to
u
n
d
er
tak
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
lin
ea
r
izin
g
th
e
m
o
d
el.
A
wid
ely
em
p
lo
y
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
is
th
e
lin
ea
r
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ce
n
ter
e
d
ar
o
u
n
d
an
o
p
er
atio
n
p
o
in
t,
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
t
o
as
s
m
all
-
s
ig
n
al
lin
ea
r
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
L
in
ea
r
ized
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
cti
o
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
SR
M
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
SR
Ms
p
h
ase
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
L
i
n
ea
r
ized
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
SR
Ms
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
117
-
128
120
2
.
2
Switc
hin
g
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
:
AH
B
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
SR
M
8
/6
,
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
te
r
n
ec
ess
itates
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
eig
h
t
s
witch
es
an
d
eig
h
t
d
io
d
es.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
two
s
wi
tch
es
an
d
two
d
io
d
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
h
as
e.
B
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
ter
p
o
s
s
ess
es
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
r
eg
u
late
ea
c
h
p
h
as
e
with
o
u
t
b
ein
g
h
in
d
e
r
ed
b
y
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
o
th
e
r
p
h
ases
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
f
ac
t th
at
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
witch
es su
r
p
ass
es th
at
o
f
o
th
er
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies [
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
SR
Ms
co
n
v
er
ter
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
m
o
d
es:
m
ag
n
e
tizin
g
,
d
em
a
g
n
etizin
g
,
an
d
f
r
ee
wh
ee
lin
g
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
es
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es
6
(
a)
-
6
(
c)
.
I
n
t
h
ese
f
ig
u
r
es,
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
r
ed
-
co
lo
r
ed
cir
c
u
it
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
(
ac
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t)
,
wh
ile
th
e
b
lack
-
co
lo
r
e
d
cir
c
u
it
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
ex
em
p
lifie
s
th
e
m
a
g
n
e
tizin
g
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
e
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
c
i
t
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
A
-
p
h
a
s
e
wi
n
d
i
n
g
i
s
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
d
b
y
a
c
t
iv
a
t
i
n
g
s
wi
t
c
h
es
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
.
T
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
s
witch
in
g
is
f
ix
ed
to
m
i
n
im
ize
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
eti
c
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
s
o
f
t
ch
o
p
p
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
(
PW
M)
,
th
e
f
r
ee
wh
ee
l
in
g
an
d
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
es
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
co
m
m
u
tatin
g
t
h
e
s
witch
es.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
o
n
e
s
witch
is
co
m
m
u
ta
ted
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
e
r
r
em
ai
n
s
in
th
e
"ON
"
s
tate
f
o
r
th
e
en
tire
d
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
r
ee
wh
ee
lin
g
m
o
d
e,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
in
v
o
lv
es
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
A
-
p
h
ase
win
d
in
g
to
ze
r
o
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
g
r
ad
u
al
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
o
f
p
h
ase
A
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
o
f
p
h
ase
B
.
Prio
r
to
alig
n
in
g
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
p
o
s
itio
n
s
,
wh
ich
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
m
ax
im
u
m
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
it
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
ea
cti
v
ate
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
(
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
tu
r
n
i
n
g
o
f
f
s
witch
es
S1
an
d
S2
f
o
r
p
h
ase
A)
.
M
ea
n
wh
ile,
th
e
n
ex
t
p
h
ase
b
e
g
in
s
th
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
o
f
S1
,
S2
,
S5
,
a
n
d
S6
in
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
ter
.
S1
a
n
d
S5
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
b
y
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
S2
an
d
S6
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
PW
M.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
4
-
Ph
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
A
HB
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
4
-
Ph
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
A
HB
wo
r
k
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
: (
a
)
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e,
(
b
)
f
r
ee
wh
e
elin
g
m
o
d
e
,
an
d
(
c)
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
o
f
p
h
ase
-
A
an
d
co
n
tin
u
e
to
m
ag
n
e
tize
p
h
ase
-
B
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Switch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
p
h
ase
A
an
d
C
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
witch
S1
,
S2
,
S5
,
S6
in
AHB co
n
v
e
r
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
n
tr
o
l str
a
teg
y
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f th
e
8
/6
s
w
itch
ed
r
elu
cta
n
ce
mo
to
r
in
s
ev
era
l in
ve
r
ter
…
(
R
o
n
a
ld
o
Ma
r
tu
a
)
121
2
.
3
Switc
hin
g
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
:
s
ha
re
d switc
h
Fig
u
r
e
8
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
a
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
co
n
v
er
te
r
d
esig
n
e
d
f
o
r
SR
M
8
/6
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
u
tili
ze
s
s
witch
es
th
at
ar
e
s
h
ar
ed
b
etwe
en
n
o
n
-
ad
jace
n
t
p
h
ases
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
s
witch
es
S2
an
d
S5
ar
e
s
h
ar
ed
b
etwe
en
p
h
ases
A
-
C
an
d
B
-
D,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
t
h
at
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
ewe
r
s
witch
es
p
er
p
h
ase
wh
ile
s
till
allo
win
g
f
o
r
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
o
d
r
i
v
e
th
e
SR
M
8
/6
,
th
is
co
n
v
er
ter
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
to
tal
o
f
6
s
witch
es
an
d
6
d
io
d
es.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
r
atin
g
f
o
r
s
witch
es
S2
an
d
S5
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
s
witch
es
S1
,
S2
,
S
3
,
an
d
S4
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
o
n
ly
ap
p
licab
le
to
SR
M
s
w
ith
an
ev
en
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
p
h
ase
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
m
o
d
es,
n
am
ely
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
,
f
r
ee
wh
ee
lin
g
,
an
d
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
,
as
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Similar
to
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
r
ed
-
c
o
lo
r
ed
cir
cu
it
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
ac
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
wh
ile
th
e
b
lack
-
co
lo
r
ed
o
n
es a
r
e
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
let
u
s
b
eg
in
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
th
is
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
s
tar
ts
with
th
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
A.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
tu
r
n
in
g
ON
s
witch
es
S1
an
d
S2
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
.
Du
r
i
n
g
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
in
th
e
s
h
ar
e
d
s
witch
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
win
d
in
g
in
p
h
ase
A
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
Vd
c,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
to
r
q
u
e.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
th
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
p
h
ase
A
in
cr
ea
s
es.
So
f
t
ch
o
p
p
in
g
b
y
PW
M
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
r
ee
wh
ee
lin
g
an
d
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
es,
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
co
m
m
u
ta
tin
g
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
witch
es
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
s
witch
in
th
e
"ON
"
s
tate
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
e
n
tire
p
er
i
o
d
,
a
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
e,
s
witch
S1
is
co
m
m
u
tated
,
wh
ile
s
witch
S2
r
em
ain
s
ON
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
en
tire
p
er
io
d
.
W
h
en
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
an
d
s
tato
r
ar
e
alig
n
ed
,
th
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
tak
es
p
lace
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
m
o
d
e,
th
e
f
l
o
w
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
th
e
s
tato
r
is
h
alted
,
an
d
p
h
ase
B
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
in
to
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
,
as
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
c)
.
Swi
tch
es
S4
an
d
S5
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
in
p
h
ase
B
.
T
h
e
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
o
f
p
h
ase
B
is
d
ep
icte
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
d
)
,
wh
er
e
s
witch
es
S4
an
d
S5
ar
e
d
ea
ctiv
ated
,
th
e
r
eb
y
ca
u
s
in
g
p
h
ase
C
to
en
ter
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
I
n
p
h
ase
C
,
s
witch
es
S2
an
d
S3
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
s
witch
S3
ca
r
r
ies
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
o
f
p
h
a
s
es
A
an
d
C
,
wh
ile
s
witch
S5
ca
r
r
ies
th
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
f
p
h
ases
B
an
d
D,
as
illu
s
tr
at
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
e
)
.
T
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
ar
is
es
wh
en
p
h
ase
C
is
in
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
D
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
in
to
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
L
astl
y
,
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
f
)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
wh
e
n
p
h
ase
D
is
in
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
A
co
m
m
en
ce
s
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
m
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
o
f
S2
,
S1
,
an
d
S3
in
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
co
n
v
er
te
r
wh
en
p
h
ases
A
an
d
C
ar
e
ac
tiv
e.
S2
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
S1
a
n
d
S3
a
r
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
P
W
M.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
4
-
Ph
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(f)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
4
-
Ph
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
wo
r
k
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
: (
a)
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
a,
(
b
)
f
r
ee
-
wh
ee
lin
g
o
f
p
h
ase
A
,
(c
)
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
B
an
d
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
A
,
(
d
)
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
C
an
d
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
B
,
(e
)
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
D
an
d
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
C
,
an
d
(f
)
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
A
an
d
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
117
-
128
122
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Switch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
p
h
ase
A
an
d
C
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
witch
S2
,
S1
,
S3
in
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
co
n
v
er
ter
2
.
4
Switc
hin
g
st
ra
t
eg
y
:
M
iller
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
th
e
Miller
co
n
v
er
ter
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
SR
M
8
/6
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
n
o
ta
b
le
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
n
am
ely
th
e
d
im
in
is
h
e
d
co
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
wer
d
ev
ices
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
l.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
h
a
r
ed
S1
f
o
r
p
h
ases
A
u
n
til
D.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
n
o
t
with
o
u
t its
lim
itatio
n
s
.
On
e
s
u
ch
d
r
awb
ac
k
is
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
tiv
ate
ce
r
tain
p
h
ases
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
4
-
Ph
ase
co
n
v
e
r
ter
Miller
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Miller
co
n
v
e
r
ter
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
(
a)
b
y
s
witch
in
g
ON
th
e
S1
an
d
S2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws t
h
e
f
r
ee
wh
ee
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
,
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
co
m
m
u
tatin
g
s
witch
S2
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
S1
in
th
e
"ON
"
s
tate
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
e
en
tire
p
er
io
d
.
B
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
is
alig
n
ed
with
t
h
e
s
tato
r
,
s
witch
es S1
an
d
S2
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
OFF.
I
t
ca
n
n
o
t
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
m
ag
n
etize
to
p
h
ase
-
B
s
in
ce
th
er
e
is
s
till
r
esid
u
al
cu
r
r
en
t
in
p
h
ase
A.
I
t
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
s
w
itch
OFF
a
ll
th
e
s
witch
es
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
d
eg
r
ee
s
to
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
o
v
er
lap
s
itu
atio
n
,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
in
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
Miller
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
(
c
)
.
Af
ter
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
p
h
ase
A
b
ec
o
m
es
ze
r
o
,
p
h
ase
B
ca
n
m
ag
n
etize
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
(
d
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
o
f
S1
,
S2
,
S3
,
S4
in
t
h
e
Miller
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
en
p
h
a
s
es
A,
B
,
an
d
C
ar
e
ac
tiv
e.
S1
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
S2
,
S3
,
an
d
S4
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
PW
M.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
4
-
Ph
ase
co
n
v
er
te
r
Miller
wo
r
k
in
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
:
(
a
)
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
A
,
(
b
)
f
r
ee
-
wh
ee
lin
g
o
f
p
h
ase
A
,
(
c)
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
A
,
a
n
d
(d
)
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
B
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Switch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
p
h
ase
A,
B
,
an
d
C
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
witch
S1
,
S2
,
S3
,
S4
in
Miller
co
n
v
er
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
n
tr
o
l str
a
teg
y
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f th
e
8
/6
s
w
itch
ed
r
elu
cta
n
ce
mo
to
r
in
s
ev
era
l in
ve
r
ter
…
(
R
o
n
a
ld
o
Ma
r
tu
a
)
123
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
el
an
d
s
tr
ateg
y
ar
e
s
im
u
lated
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
in
MA
T
L
AB
.
S
witch
in
g
lo
g
ic
will
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
PI
b
ased
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
witch
in
g
l
o
g
ic
will
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
witch
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
PW
M.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
th
e
m
o
to
r
lo
ad
,
a
g
en
er
ic
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
8
/6
SR
M
was
u
t
ilized
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
s
et
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
.
As
y
o
u
ca
n
s
ee
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
tan
ce
u
n
til
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ef
er
en
ce
,
th
e
s
e
ar
e
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
SR
M
8
/6
.
T
h
o
s
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
ar
e
g
o
tten
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
tu
al
SR
M
8
/6
th
at
we
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
T
h
e
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
is
0
.
0
4
N.
m
.
s
in
ce
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
SR
M
8
/6
is
f
o
r
h
o
m
e
a
p
p
lian
ce
s
th
at
h
av
e
a
s
m
all
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e.
T
h
e
o
th
er
r
e
aso
n
is
b
ec
au
s
e
we
o
n
ly
a
p
p
li
ed
a
s
m
all
v
o
ltag
e
to
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t.
E
ac
h
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
o
we
r
ed
b
y
3
5
V
d
c,
an
d
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
1
0
k
Hz.
I
n
th
is
s
im
u
latio
n
,
we
tr
y
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
SR
M
at
8
0
0
r
p
m
u
s
in
g
ea
ch
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
d
eter
m
in
es
p
ar
am
eter
s
p
h
ase
f
lu
x
,
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t,
to
r
q
u
e
elec
tr
ic,
an
d
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
ea
ch
c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
SR
Ms b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
in
MA
T
L
AB
T
ab
le
1
.
Par
am
eter
s
o
f
SR
M
s
im
u
latio
n
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
To
t
a
l
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
S
p
e
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
S
p
e
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Tu
r
n
o
n
a
n
g
l
e
Tu
r
n
o
f
f
a
n
g
l
e
S
t
a
t
o
r
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
Lo
a
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
I
n
e
r
t
i
a
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
V
i
sco
u
s
f
r
i
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
U
n
a
l
i
g
n
e
d
in
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
A
l
i
g
n
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
3
5
V
P
W
M
1
0
k
H
z
PI
8
0
0
r
p
m
30
o
45
o
1
0
Ω
0
.
0
4
N
.
m
0
.
0
0
0
5
k
g
.
m
2
0
.
0
0
5
N
.
m.s
3
5
mH
1
5
0
mH
3
A
2
.
7
A
Mo
v
in
g
o
n
to
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
Fig
u
r
es
1
5
-
1
7
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
o
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r
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s
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ates
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o
r
m
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o
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t
h
e
AHB
co
n
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ter
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u
r
es
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15
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b
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h
o
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l
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o
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n
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ter
s
h
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r
r
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h
ase.
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r
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e
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ase
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r
r
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
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was
r
ec
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r
d
e
d
at
0
.
4
1
A.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
(
c)
s
h
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r
m
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1
6
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s
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ates
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er
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r
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o
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t
h
e
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ar
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d
Switch
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o
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er
ter
.
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h
e
s
im
u
latio
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ts
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at
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as
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e
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o
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o
n
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ter
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u
r
es
1
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a
)
-
16
(
b
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ata
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e
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n
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ar
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d
Switch
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m
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ase
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r
r
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6
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ase.
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ase
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d
e
d
at
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4
1
A.
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
to
r
q
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I
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2088
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8
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I
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r
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ase.
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ase
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r
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b
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,
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ase
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ase
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6
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4
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s
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r
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h
ase.
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u
r
e
1
7
(
c)
s
h
o
ws th
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ic
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m
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t Fig
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r
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p
m
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u
r
e
1
5
.
AHB co
n
v
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ter
s
im
u
latio
n
r
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lts
f
o
r
(
a)
p
h
ases
f
lu
x
,
(
b
)
p
h
ases
cu
r
r
en
t,
(
c)
to
r
q
u
e
elec
tr
ic,
an
d
(
d
)
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
Sh
ar
ed
Switch
co
n
v
er
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
(
a
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p
h
ases
f
lu
x
,
(
b
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p
h
ases
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r
r
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n
t,
(
c)
to
r
q
u
e
elec
tr
ic,
an
d
(
d
)
s
p
e
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
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a)
(
b
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(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
Miller
co
n
v
e
r
ter
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im
u
latio
n
r
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lts
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o
r
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a)
p
h
ases
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x
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b
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h
ases
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r
r
en
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(
c)
to
r
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tr
ic,
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d
(
d
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p
ee
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T
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e
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ew
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im
u
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lt
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r
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n
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er
ter
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r
e
1
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o
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ig
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with
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e
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m
s
0
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2
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
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r
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r
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ases
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ases
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r
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r
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ase
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d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
e
f
o
r
m
is
s
lig
h
tl
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
h
ap
p
en
ed
b
ec
a
u
s
e
we
d
id
not
m
o
d
el
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t,
th
e
SR
M
8
/6
,
i
n
s
im
u
latio
n
.
Sin
ce
we
ar
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
en
er
ic
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
,
th
e
m
ag
n
etiz
atio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
SR
M
8
/6
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l i
s
wo
r
k
in
g
,
as we
ca
n
s
ee
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
et
p
o
in
t sp
ee
d
(
SP
)
an
d
ac
tu
al
v
a
lu
e
(
PV)
.
W
h
en
th
e
1
5
W
lo
ad
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
b
y
clo
s
in
g
th
e
lo
ad
s
wi
tch
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ca
n
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
p
ee
d
at
8
0
0
r
p
m
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
0
(
b
)
,
th
e
s
h
ar
e
d
s
witch
co
n
v
er
ter
r
esu
lts
also
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
am
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
s
th
e
AH
B
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
a
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
s
h
a
r
in
g
a
s
witch
f
o
r
th
e
ad
jace
n
t p
h
ase,
as
s
h
o
wn
o
n
th
e
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
L
a
a
n
d
L
c.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
witch
S2
is
s
h
o
w
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
117
-
128
126
p
h
ases
A
an
d
C
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
ar
e
eq
u
al
with
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
is
0
.
6
3
A.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
is
also
wo
r
k
in
g
,
as
we
ca
n
s
ee
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
et
p
o
in
t
s
p
ee
d
(
SP
)
an
d
ac
tu
al
v
alu
e
(
PV)
.
W
h
en
th
e
1
5
W
lo
ad
s
ar
e
ap
p
l
ied
b
y
clo
s
in
g
th
e
lo
ad
s
witch
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l c
an
m
ain
tai
n
th
e
s
p
ee
d
at
8
0
0
r
p
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
0
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lt
o
f
Miller
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
tatio
n
a
n
g
le
is
alr
ea
d
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
(
it
h
as
th
e
s
am
e
p
ar
am
eter
as
T
ab
le
2
)
,
an
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
ig
u
r
es
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
A
an
d
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
B
ar
e
n
o
t
d
em
a
g
n
eti
ze
d
an
d
m
ag
n
etize
d
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
tim
e.
T
h
er
e
is
a
tim
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
ase
to
f
u
lly
d
em
ag
n
etize
u
n
til
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
is
ze
r
o
,
th
en
co
n
tin
u
e
to
th
e
n
ex
t
p
h
ase.
S1
ca
r
r
ies
all
th
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
s
in
ce
it
is
s
h
ar
ed
f
o
r
all
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ases
.
W
h
en
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
lo
ad
e
d
wi
th
1
5
W
,
th
e
m
o
to
r
ca
n
n
o
t
m
a
in
tain
th
e
s
p
ee
d
at
8
0
0
r
p
m
.
W
ith
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
Mille
r
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
r
ea
ch
is
5
5
0
r
p
m
.
W
e
ch
an
g
e
th
e
s
et
p
o
in
t
to
5
0
0
r
p
m
wh
en
lo
a
d
ed
,
a
n
d
af
ter
t
h
at,
we
tr
y
to
s
witch
o
f
f
th
e
lo
ad
,
an
d
th
e
Miller
co
n
v
er
te
r
ca
n
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
p
ee
d
at
5
0
0
r
p
m
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
0
.
P
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e,
p
h
as
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
ch
an
g
in
g
s
etp
o
in
t
o
f
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l m
o
to
r
with
lo
ad
f
o
r
(
a)
AHB,
(
b
)
s
h
ar
e
d
s
witch
,
an
d
(
c)
Miller
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
a
p
er
e
x
ten
s
iv
el
y
ex
am
in
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
t
h
e
SR
M
8
/6
b
y
m
o
d
ellin
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
i
n
MA
T
L
AB
/
Simu
lin
k
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
MS3
2
0
F2
8
3
7
D
d
e
v
ice
with
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
l
o
ck
lo
g
ic
in
MA
T
L
AB
/
Simu
lin
k
was
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
AHB,
Sh
ar
ed
Switch
,
an
d
Miller
co
n
v
er
te
r
ar
e
u
s
ed
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l m
o
d
el
ca
n
d
r
iv
e
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
SR
M
wi
th
all
ty
p
es o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
v
alid
ates
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
all
ty
p
es
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
Sh
a
r
ed
s
witch
s
h
o
ws
eq
u
al
with
th
e
AHB
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
th
e
Sh
ar
ed
Switch
co
n
v
er
ter
o
n
ly
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ix
s
witch
es
an
d
s
ix
d
io
d
es.
wh
ic
h
ar
e
less
th
an
AH
B
.
T
h
e
Mill
er
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
ewe
s
t c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
n
ee
d
e
d
b
y
o
n
ly
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
iv
e
s
witch
es a
n
d
f
iv
e
d
io
d
es,
b
u
t th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
Miller
co
n
v
er
te
r
is
n
o
t
b
etter
th
an
th
e
o
th
er
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
T
o
s
u
m
m
ar
ize,
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
s
witch
co
n
v
e
r
ter
o
f
f
er
s
a
p
r
ef
er
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
th
e
SR
M
with
an
ev
en
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
h
ases
.
T
h
is
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
u
e
to
its
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
as it r
eq
u
ir
es f
ewe
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.