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Acc
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o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
ia
p
l
a
y
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
r
o
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
l
i
v
es
o
f
b
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
o
f
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
o
r
l
d
wi
d
e
an
d
c
a
n
i
m
p
a
c
t
n
e
a
r
l
y
e
v
e
r
y
s
e
c
t
o
r
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
is
e
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
,
e
v
e
n
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
l
y
p
o
p
u
l
a
r
[
1
1
]
.
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
a
t
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
Fa
c
e
b
o
o
k
p
a
g
e
s
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
ee
d
i
n
g
t
o
p
i
cs
c
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
u
s
e
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
G
r
e
e
c
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
ct
o
f
s
o
c
ia
l
m
e
d
i
a
o
n
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
'
a
t
ti
t
u
d
e
s
to
w
a
r
d
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
is
s
u
e
s
.
Su
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
b
r
e
ast
f
ee
d
i
n
g
is
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
as
a
n
y
a
v
ai
la
b
l
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
ass
is
t
an
ce
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
t
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
e
lat
io
n
s
h
i
p
s
t
h
at
en
s
u
r
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
att
it
u
d
e
t
o
wa
r
d
a
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
o
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Si
m
il
ar
ly
,
p
e
o
p
l
e
wh
o
en
d
o
r
s
e
a
n
d
a
cc
e
p
t
a
n
id
ea
s
er
v
e
as
s
o
u
r
c
es
o
f
s
o
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
in
a
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
s
it
u
at
io
n
[
1
4
]
.
A
p
e
r
s
o
n
is
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ly
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
b
y
s
o
ci
al
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
a
n
d
i
n
t
er
ac
t
io
n
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
s
o
c
ial
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
s
o
ci
al
n
etw
o
r
k
o
f
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
h
as
t
h
e
p
o
t
e
n
tia
l
eit
h
e
r
t
o
h
i
n
d
e
r
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ac
c
ess
t
o
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
il
ls
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
an
d
u
tili
ze
d
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
g
o
als
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
d
i
g
ital
a
g
e
we
li
v
e
in
,
b
ei
n
g
o
n
li
n
e
all
o
ws
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
s
to
f
i
n
d
o
n
li
n
e
c
o
u
n
te
r
p
ar
ts
.
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
h
as
m
a
d
e
it
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
to
cr
ea
t
e
e
m
o
ti
o
n
al
c
lo
s
en
ess
am
o
n
g
p
e
o
p
le
wit
h
v
as
t d
is
t
an
ce
s
b
etwe
e
n
t
h
e
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
"
o
n
li
n
e
f
r
i
en
d
s
,
"
o
n
e
ca
n
r
ec
ei
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t si
m
il
a
r
to
w
h
a
t t
h
ey
w
o
u
l
d
g
e
t
f
r
o
m
r
el
ati
v
es
o
r
f
r
ie
n
d
s
w
h
o
a
r
e
r
ea
lly
c
lo
s
e
[
1
4
]
.
I
t
is
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
clea
r
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia,
alth
o
u
g
h
we
ar
e
f
am
iliar
with
wh
at
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
is
[
1
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
we
will
d
ef
in
e
th
e
m
as
a
s
et
o
f
in
ter
n
et
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
i
d
ea
o
f
W
eb
0
.
2
.
T
h
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
f
o
r
th
eir
d
ef
in
itio
n
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ar
e
allo
wed
to
c
r
ea
te
a
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
u
b
lic
o
r
s
em
i
-
p
u
b
lic
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
ey
ca
n
co
n
n
ec
t
with
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
an
d
s
h
o
wca
s
e
th
eir
ac
tiv
ity
,
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
e
o
u
s
ly
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le
o
r
t
h
eir
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
a
r
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
[
1
7
]
.
On
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
Face
b
o
o
k
is
th
at
it
cr
ea
tes
a
co
m
m
u
n
al
s
p
ac
e,
a
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
f
o
r
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
s
h
ar
in
g
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
an
is
s
u
e
[
1
8
]
.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
allo
ws
d
ir
e
ct
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
p
eo
p
le
th
at
wo
u
l
d
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
b
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
t
o
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
in
d
icatio
n
s
t
h
at
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
u
n
u
s
u
al
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
f
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
an
d
in
d
ee
d
,
th
is
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
in
itiatio
n
an
d
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
a
n
d
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
m
o
th
er
,
ch
ild
,
an
d
f
am
ily
,
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
o
f
alter
n
ativ
e
f
ee
d
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
in
f
an
ts
[
2
0
]
.
On
e
f
ac
to
r
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tin
g
t
o
lo
wer
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
r
ates
is
th
e
lack
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Mo
th
er
s
r
ec
eiv
in
g
in
ad
eq
u
ate
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
e
x
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
e
ed
in
g
te
n
d
to
d
is
co
n
tin
u
e
it
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
in
f
an
t
r
ea
ch
es
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
o
f
ag
e
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
is
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
tar
g
eted
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
ca
n
h
elp
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
ese
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
b
a
r
r
ier
s
th
at
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
lo
we
r
b
r
e
astfe
ed
in
g
r
ates
[
2
2
]
.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
wo
m
en
w
h
o
ch
o
o
s
e
to
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
is
ess
en
tial
f
r
o
m
f
a
m
ily
,
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
est
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
W
h
ile
th
e
o
p
tim
al
way
to
d
is
s
em
in
ate
m
ess
ag
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
Face
b
o
o
k
,
T
w
itter
,
an
d
I
n
s
tag
r
a
m
is
b
eg
in
n
in
g
t
o
b
e
clar
i
f
ied
,
th
er
e
is
lim
ited
em
p
ir
ical
e
v
id
en
ce
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
it.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
ese
p
latf
o
r
m
s
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
o
f
th
ese
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
wea
lth
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
its
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
am
o
n
g
an
d
with
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
I
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
m
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
h
ea
lth
is
s
u
es
s
p
r
ea
d
s
f
a
s
ter
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
ee
p
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
th
an
s
cien
tific
ally
v
alid
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
2
4
]
.
A
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
m
o
th
er
s
e
x
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
t
h
e
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
ey
ex
p
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
ey
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
r
ac
tical
ad
v
ice
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
ese
p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
2
5
]
.
So
cial
m
e
d
ia
an
d
th
e
in
t
er
n
et,
in
g
e
n
er
al,
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
x
ter
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
as n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies p
e
n
etr
ate
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
o
u
r
liv
es,
af
f
ec
tin
g
u
s
a
ll
[
2
6
]
.
B
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
ca
n
in
d
ee
d
b
e
a
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
n
ew
m
o
th
e
r
s
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
a
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ca
n
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
r
iti
cism
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
m
ed
iate
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ca
n
cr
ea
te
s
tr
ess
f
o
r
n
ew
m
o
th
er
s
,
a
n
d
s
ee
k
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
p
ar
en
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
h
elp
th
em
co
p
e
with
th
is
ch
allen
g
e.
Par
en
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
cial
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etwo
r
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
Face
b
o
o
k
an
d
I
n
s
t
ag
r
am
,
as
well
as
s
p
ec
ialized
f
er
tili
ty
f
o
r
u
m
s
,
cr
ea
te
a
v
ir
tu
al
s
p
ac
e
wh
er
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p
ar
en
ts
ca
n
co
n
n
ec
t,
ex
c
h
an
g
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
s
ee
k
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
ese
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
n
ew
m
o
th
er
s
ca
n
s
h
ar
e
th
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
ask
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
ad
v
ice
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
h
av
e
s
im
ila
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ca
n
o
f
f
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
em
en
t,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ex
tr
em
ely
b
en
e
f
icial
f
o
r
n
e
w
m
o
th
er
s
f
ac
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
in
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
.
Desp
ite
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
m
ater
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
t
h
er
e
is
s
till
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
o
n
lin
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
am
o
n
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
m
o
th
er
s
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
s
o
ci
al
m
ed
ia
o
n
Gr
ee
k
p
ar
e
n
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
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an
ar
ea
f
o
r
wh
ic
h
th
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r
e
is
c
u
r
r
en
tly
a
lack
o
f
p
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b
lis
h
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d
ata.
T
h
e
r
esear
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aim
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
at
is
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
tr
u
s
t o
f
Gr
ee
k
m
o
th
er
s
i
n
s
o
cial
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
h
o
w
well
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
is
s
u
es
ar
e
th
ey
?
ii)
Do
m
o
th
er
s
ac
tiv
ely
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
in
Gr
ee
k
p
ar
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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g
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b
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tf
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Face
b
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iii)
Did
th
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ar
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b
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tf
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g
m
o
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g
m
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k
n
o
wn
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
ca
n
in
f
lu
en
ce
p
eo
p
le'
s
attitu
d
es
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war
d
s
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
b
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tf
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o
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tr
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ata
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r
d
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Gr
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latf
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s
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n
in
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in
f
o
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m
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ab
o
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t
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tf
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in
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I
n
a
b
r
o
ad
er
co
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tex
t,
t
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
ca
n
co
n
tr
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to
p
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ce
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n
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o
f
h
o
w
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
p
u
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p
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i
v
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d
r
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s
to
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ad
v
ice
r
e
ce
iv
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
[
3
1
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2.
1
.
Desig
n
A
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
was
s
elec
ted
.
Data
was
co
l
lecte
d
v
ia
a
p
il
o
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
f
r
o
m
a
r
em
o
te
s
am
p
le
with
o
u
t
b
ein
g
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
'
s
o
p
in
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
a
im
ed
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
a
s
tu
d
y
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
o
ten
tial
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
d
ev
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o
p
m
en
tal
b
en
e
f
its
ass
o
ciate
d
with
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
ei
v
ed
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
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m
th
e
Un
i
v
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s
ity
o
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I
o
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in
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s
E
th
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C
o
m
m
ittee,
en
s
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r
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o
r
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tan
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r
d
s
(
E
th
ical
C
lear
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ce
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m
b
er
3
8
5
5
5
/2
0
-
07
-
2
0
2
2
)
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts,
re
cr
uitm
e
nt
,
a
nd
a
dequ
a
cy
o
f
s
a
m
ple s
ize
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
Gr
ee
k
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
ac
tiv
e
s
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cia
l
m
ed
ia
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
f
m
o
th
e
r
s
p
ar
ticip
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g
in
o
n
lin
e
p
ar
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ti
n
g
an
d
b
r
ea
s
tf
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d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
o
ld
p
ar
ticu
la
r
in
ter
est.
Giv
en
th
e
r
is
in
g
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
o
f
s
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cial
m
ed
ia
am
o
n
g
Gr
ee
k
m
o
t
h
er
s
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
o
cu
s
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices,
a
lar
g
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
wa
s
es
s
en
tial
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
a
d
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v
er
s
e
ar
r
ay
o
f
ex
p
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ce
s
an
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
wed
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
n
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an
ce
d
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n
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e
r
s
tan
d
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g
o
f
b
r
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d
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n
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'
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im
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ac
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n
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h
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d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Sam
p
le
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izes
in
s
im
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tu
d
ie
s
wer
e
r
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d
to
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s
u
r
e
o
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r
s
am
p
le
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c
o
m
p
ar
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le
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n
d
ad
eq
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ate.
Stu
d
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in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
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o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
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d
in
g
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eh
a
v
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r
s
o
f
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r
ec
r
u
it
s
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al
h
u
n
d
r
ed
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
ac
h
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e
s
tatis
ti
ca
lly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
esu
lts
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Mo
r
s
e
a
n
d
B
r
o
wn
in
cl
u
d
ed
2
.
0
2
8
m
o
t
h
er
s
in
th
ei
r
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
3
2
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
b
y
San
ch
ez
et
a
l
.
u
tili
ze
d
a
lar
g
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
8
3
2
wo
m
en
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
a
s
o
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b
ased
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices a
m
o
n
g
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
[
3
3
]
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
a
r
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te
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d
(
N
=
7
7
6
)
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(
C
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5
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,
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a
m
p
l
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s
iz
e
i
s
a
p
p
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i
m
a
t
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y
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8
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p
a
r
t
i
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i
p
a
n
t
s
.
C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
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g
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t
u
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a
i
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i
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d
d
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y
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n
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p
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s
,
a
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a
m
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w
a
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es
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t
i
a
l
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s
u
r
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t
h
e
r
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l
ts
w
e
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
a
b
le
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
r
ec
r
u
ited
7
7
6
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
wh
ich
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
f
o
r
s
tatis
t
ical
p
o
wer
an
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
.
T
h
is
lar
g
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
allo
ws
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
an
aly
s
es
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
ch
o
s
en
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
7
7
6
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
is
well
with
in
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
i
es
o
f
th
is
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
lar
g
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
en
h
an
c
es
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
d
etec
t
ev
en
s
m
all
ef
f
ec
ts
a
n
d
c
an
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
eliab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices a
m
o
n
g
Gr
ee
k
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
clu
d
ed
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
q
u
ir
ies,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
m
ater
n
al
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
ar
e
n
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
I
t
also
g
ath
er
ed
d
etails
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ch
i
ld
,
s
u
ch
as
th
eir
g
en
d
er
,
ag
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s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
,
th
e
c
h
ild
r
en
'
s
in
ter
est
s
,
an
d
d
aily
h
ab
its
.
Fin
ally
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
t
h
er
s
was
co
llected
,
s
u
ch
as
th
eir
a
g
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ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
p
r
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f
ess
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ac
k
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d
,
in
o
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to
cr
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te
a
m
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e
h
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lis
tic
m
o
th
er
-
ch
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p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
to
b
etter
an
aly
ze
th
e
p
o
ten
tial in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
f
a
cto
r
s
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
s
an
d
ch
ild
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
Data
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tatis
tical
p
ac
k
ag
e
S
PS
S
(
v
er
s
io
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2
0
)
.
I
n
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
,
m
ea
n
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
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(
s
d
)
,
m
ed
ian
,
r
an
g
e
,
m
ax
im
u
m
,
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
es
we
r
e
u
s
ed
to
d
e
s
cr
ib
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata,
as
well
as
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le.
Ab
s
o
lu
te
(
N)
an
d
r
elativ
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
(
%)
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
q
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alitativ
e
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
Ma
n
n
-
W
h
itn
ey
U
test
was
ap
p
lied
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o
r
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
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teg
o
r
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v
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iab
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with
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ch
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L
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le
f
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-
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m
ally
d
is
tr
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ted
d
ata.
T
h
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
a
r
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test
was
u
s
ed
f
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r
ca
teg
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l
v
ar
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les
with
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lev
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an
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Kr
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test
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p
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s
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v
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t
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wo
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iled
test
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wer
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p
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a
n
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
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t 0
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8
8
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6
Th
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in
flu
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Greek
mo
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Mil
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v
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r
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a
b
l
e
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
es
w
e
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e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
:
R
a
n
d
o
m
s
e
l
e
ct
i
o
n
:
p
a
r
ti
c
i
p
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n
ts
w
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r
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r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
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a
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a
m
p
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p
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e
n
t
at
i
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e
.
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h
i
s
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
h
el
p
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s
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b
u
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t
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u
p
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a
t
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h
i
n
g
:
p
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c
i
p
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n
ts
w
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r
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m
a
t
c
h
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
k
e
y
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
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v
a
r
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a
b
l
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
a
g
e
,
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d
u
c
a
t
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o
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l
e
v
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l
,
a
n
d
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m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
s
t
a
t
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s
.
T
h
is
p
r
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c
es
s
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p
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c
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r
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l
f
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d
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c
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t
h
a
t
m
i
g
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t
a
f
f
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ct
b
o
t
h
s
o
c
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al
m
e
d
i
a
u
s
a
g
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d
b
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d
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p
r
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ct
i
c
es
.
S
t
at
is
ti
c
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
ls
:
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
s
t
at
is
t
ic
a
l
t
ec
h
n
i
q
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s
w
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u
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d
t
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
c
o
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f
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n
d
i
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v
a
r
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a
b
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e
s
d
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r
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n
g
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
.
F
o
r
in
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
m
u
lt
i
v
a
r
i
at
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
t
o
a
d
j
u
s
t
f
o
r
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
f
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
n
o
n
-
p
a
r
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m
e
t
r
i
c
te
s
ts
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
K
r
u
s
k
a
l
-
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a
ll
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te
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wi
t
h
p
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t
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s
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hi
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s
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t
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s
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p
l
o
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l
a
ti
o
n
s
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i
p
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t
w
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v
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a
b
l
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w
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l
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n
t
r
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f
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f
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d
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n
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e
f
f
e
c
t
s.
De
t
a
il
e
d
d
a
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
ti
o
n
:
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
g
at
h
e
r
e
d
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
d
a
t
a
o
n
p
o
t
e
n
ti
a
l
c
o
n
f
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
s
o
c
io
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
t
a
t
u
s
,
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
en
c
e
,
a
n
d
a
c
c
ess
t
o
b
r
e
as
t
f
ee
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
.
T
h
i
s
d
e
t
ai
l
e
d
d
at
a
c
o
l
l
e
ct
i
o
n
a
ll
o
w
e
d
t
h
e
s
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
t
o
b
e
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
in
t
h
e
a
n
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y
s
is
t
o
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t
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o
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p
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n
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a
l
c
o
n
f
o
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n
d
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n
g
e
f
f
e
c
ts
.
2
.
4
.
Va
lid
it
y
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
o
f
t
he
qu
estio
nn
a
ire/ins
t
r
um
ent
T
h
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
w
as
d
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s
i
g
n
ed
t
o
t
h
o
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o
u
g
h
l
y
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v
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l
u
a
t
e
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t
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a
l
m
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d
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a
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G
r
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e
k
m
o
t
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e
r
s
.
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o
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n
s
u
r
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c
o
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t
v
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e
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a
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lt
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m
o
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p
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s
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b
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a
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d
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n
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p
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c
t
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c
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o
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a
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d
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a
g
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a
n
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p
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.
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h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a,
w
h
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
0
.
7
5
6
,
in
d
icatin
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
h
av
e
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
lev
el
o
f
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
am
e
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
7
7
6
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
wer
e
3
1
-
4
0
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
,
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ty
-
ed
u
ca
ted
,
p
r
iv
ate
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
em
p
lo
y
ee
an
d
m
ar
r
ied
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
wo
m
en
(
9
7
.
5
5
%)
wh
o
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
h
a
d
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
.
Ma
n
y
m
o
th
er
s
(
6
6
.
2
%)
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
to
tal
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
d
u
r
ati
o
n
,
we
r
ec
eiv
ed
6
2
8
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
e
2
7
.
9
%
o
f
m
o
t
h
er
s
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
th
eir
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
p
ar
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
h
elp
ed
th
em
m
a
k
e
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
d
is
co
n
tin
u
in
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
,
2
6
.
5
%
o
f
m
o
th
er
s
s
to
p
p
e
d
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
y
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
o
ice,
wh
ile
2
4
.
2
%
f
elt
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
eir
in
f
an
ts
.
A
s
m
all
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
m
o
th
er
s
(
0
.
9
%)
s
to
p
p
ed
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
in
f
an
t
s
h
o
wed
an
aller
g
y
to
m
ater
n
al
m
ilk
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
(
0
.
4
%)
b
ec
au
s
e
th
eir
in
f
an
ts
wer
e
b
o
r
n
with
lo
w
weig
h
t
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
9
.
8
%
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
m
ilk
q
u
an
tity
,
a
n
d
7
%
s
to
p
p
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
ee
d
to
r
etu
r
n
to
w
o
r
k
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
2
.
8
3
%
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
d
id
n
o
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
.
Τ
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
em
(
4
1
%)
s
tat
ed
th
at
m
ater
n
al
m
ilk
was
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t.
2
8
.
2
%
ch
o
s
e
n
o
t
to
p
r
o
ce
ed
with
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
.
An
o
th
er
d
is
co
u
r
ag
in
g
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
in
itiatin
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
(
2
5
.
6
%)
was
th
e
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
an
ts
,
a
n
d
1
5
.
4
%
o
f
m
o
th
e
r
s
an
s
wer
ed
th
at
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
i
s
a
tirin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
f
o
r
m
u
la
m
ilk
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
m
o
th
er
s
(
1
0
.
3
%)
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
lack
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t t
o
p
r
o
ce
e
d
with
th
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3
.
1
.
T
he
influence
o
f
s
o
cia
l m
edia
enco
ura
g
em
ent
o
n t
h
e
decisi
o
n t
o
ini
t
ia
t
e
brea
s
t
f
ee
din
g
M
o
t
h
e
r
s
'
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
p
a
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
n
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
w
e
r
e
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
.
A
n
o
t
a
b
l
e
2
7
.
9
%
o
f
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
i
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
h
e
l
p
e
d
t
h
e
m
d
e
c
i
d
e
t
o
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
,
w
h
i
l
e
1
4
.
5
%
s
t
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
w
e
r
e
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
i
r
f
a
m
i
l
y
a
n
d
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
.
M
o
t
h
e
r
s
w
h
o
w
e
r
e
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
d
b
y
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
t
o
s
t
a
r
t
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
h
a
v
e
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
m
e
a
n
r
a
n
k
i
n
t
h
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
x
c
l
u
s
i
v
e
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
o
t
a
l
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
c
l
a
i
m
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
d
i
d
n
o
t
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
t
h
e
m
t
o
s
t
a
r
t
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
p
e
e
r
s
c
a
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
s
[
2
7
]
.
O
n
l
i
n
e
p
e
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
t
m
a
k
e
s
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
f
e
e
l
l
i
k
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
n
o
t
a
l
o
n
e
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
[
3
4
]
.
B
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
c
a
n
g
a
i
n
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
a
n
d
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
7
]
.
O
n
l
i
n
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
l
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
t
o
p
r
o
m
o
t
i
n
g
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
.
F
e
e
l
i
n
g
l
i
k
e
y
o
u
b
e
l
o
n
g
t
o
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
h
e
l
p
s
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
t
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
t
h
a
t
s
o
m
e
t
i
m
e
s
a
r
i
s
e
w
i
t
h
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
[
3
5
]
.
3
.
2
.
T
he
im
pa
ct
o
f
s
o
cia
l
m
e
dia
o
n t
he
du
ra
t
io
n o
f
ex
clus
iv
e
brea
s
t
f
ee
din
g
A
n
o
n
-
p
a
r
am
etr
ic
Kr
u
s
k
al
-
W
allis
tes
t
with
p
o
s
t
-
h
o
c
an
al
y
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
m
o
th
er
s
'
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
is
s
u
es
an
d
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
em
en
t
t
o
co
n
tin
u
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
Face
b
o
o
k
p
a
r
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
tim
e
th
ey
s
p
en
t
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
co
r
es
in
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
is
n
o
t
id
en
tical,
in
d
icat
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
h
ap
es
an
d
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
ies.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
Kr
u
s
k
al
-
W
allis
te
s
t
was
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
m
e
an
r
an
k
s
.
I
n
th
e
r
an
k
in
g
T
a
b
l
e
2
,
we
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
e
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
g
r
o
u
p
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
m
o
th
er
s
to
co
n
tin
u
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
"h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
ese
g
r
o
u
p
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
5
2
-
8
8
0
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I
n
t J
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
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,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
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20
2
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65
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66
0
656
h
elp
ed
m
o
th
er
s
to
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
ab
o
u
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
"
is
also
ex
am
in
ed
.
W
h
ich
ev
er
g
r
o
u
p
h
as
a
h
ig
h
e
r
r
a
n
k
in
g
,
it
also
p
r
esen
ts
a
h
ig
h
e
r
s
co
r
e
o
n
h
o
w
m
u
ch
t
h
ey
wer
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
c
o
n
tin
u
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
to
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
.
Fro
m
th
e
d
ata
in
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3
,
we
s
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at
b
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th
b
r
ea
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d
in
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n
co
u
r
ag
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en
t
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
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th
r
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h
s
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cial
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ed
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g
r
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p
s
s
h
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w
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ig
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d
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b
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t
h
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lev
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s
o
f
ex
clu
s
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b
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d
in
g
ti
m
e.
I
n
b
o
th
ca
s
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
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,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at:
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
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in
d
ex
=
4
9
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p
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0
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n
d
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as sh
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a
b
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s
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-
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s
is
m
ad
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m
p
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s
b
etwe
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ex
clu
s
iv
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b
r
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tf
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d
in
g
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r
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p
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with
r
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to
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co
u
r
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g
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b
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d
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
r
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k
f
o
r
ea
ch
ex
cl
u
s
iv
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b
r
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tf
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g
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d
th
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d
is
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s
b
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th
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in
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icate
in
d
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id
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al
d
i
f
f
er
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s
.
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h
e
o
n
ly
s
tati
s
tically
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ig
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if
ican
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d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
i)
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
f
o
r
2
1
-
3
0
d
ay
s
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
o
s
e
wh
o
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
ex
ac
tly
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
(
p
=0
.
0
2
4
)
,
ii)
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
b
r
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s
tf
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f
o
r
2
1
-
3
0
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a
y
s
co
m
p
a
r
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to
th
o
s
e
wh
o
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
(
p
=0
.
0
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4
)
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iii)
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th
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s
wh
o
b
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ea
s
tf
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u
p
to
tw
o
m
o
n
t
h
s
co
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p
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to
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o
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tl
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h
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0
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iv
)
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o
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p
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h
s
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m
p
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s
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n
th
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a
n
d
f
in
ally
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t
b
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at
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ai
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tf
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u
p
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wo
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th
s
o
r
less
.
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ab
le
1
.
Me
an
r
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k
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
C
hi
-
s
q
u
ar
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test
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se
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i
x
m
o
n
t
h
s
(
p
=
0
.
0
0
1
)
.
H
e
r
e
,
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
r
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
w
h
o
s
e
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
s
i
x
m
o
n
t
h
s
o
r
m
o
r
e
a
n
d
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
d
f
o
r
t
w
o
m
o
n
t
h
s
o
r
d
i
d
n
o
t
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
a
t
a
l
l
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Alian
m
o
g
h
a
d
d
a
m
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
,
th
e
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
i
n
m
o
th
er
s
ar
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
b
o
th
r
ea
l
-
life
an
d
o
n
lin
e
s
o
cial
n
et
wo
r
k
s
.
Utilizin
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
Face
b
o
o
k
an
d
o
th
er
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
r
ates.
A
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
o
n
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
en
c
o
u
r
ag
ed
y
o
u
n
g
m
o
t
h
er
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
ag
e
o
f
2
5
to
co
n
tin
u
e
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
.
T
h
ese
y
o
u
n
g
m
o
th
er
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
h
at
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
af
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
6
]
.
Af
ter
all,
th
e
n
ew
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
m
o
th
er
s
h
as
g
r
o
wn
u
p
u
n
d
er
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t c
o
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
ch
a
n
n
el
f
o
r
th
em
[
3
3
]
.
3
.
3
.
T
he
im
pa
ct
o
f
s
o
cia
l
m
e
dia
o
n t
he
o
v
er
a
ll dura
t
io
n o
f
brea
s
t
f
ee
din
g
A
n
o
n
-
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
r
i
c
K
r
u
s
k
a
l
-
W
a
l
l
i
s
t
e
s
t
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
p
o
s
t
-
h
o
c
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
'
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
f
r
o
m
p
a
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
F
a
c
e
b
o
o
k
,
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
r
i
n
f
a
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
c
o
r
e
s
i
n
e
a
c
h
g
r
o
u
p
i
s
n
o
t
i
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
h
a
p
e
s
a
n
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
.
F
o
r
t
h
i
s
r
e
a
s
o
n
,
t
h
e
K
r
u
s
k
a
l
-
W
a
l
l
i
s
t
e
s
t
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
r
a
n
k
s
.
I
n
T
a
b
le
4
,
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
to
wh
i
ch
m
o
t
h
er
s
wer
e
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
to
co
n
tin
u
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
b
y
Face
b
o
o
k
p
ar
en
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
is
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
.
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
th
ese
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
elp
e
d
th
em
t
o
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
ab
o
u
t b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
is
ex
am
in
ed
.
An
y
g
r
o
u
p
wi
th
a
h
ig
h
er
r
an
k
also
s
h
o
ws a
h
ig
h
er
s
co
r
e
in
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
ey
wer
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
Face
b
o
o
k
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
co
n
tin
u
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
to
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
ab
o
u
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
is
s
u
es.
Her
e,
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
f
o
u
r
y
ea
r
s
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
er
r
an
k
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Seco
n
d
i
n
th
e
r
an
k
in
g
is
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
b
r
ea
s
tf
ed
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
d
ata
in
T
ab
le
5
,
we
s
ee
t
h
at
b
o
th
en
co
u
r
ag
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
Face
b
o
o
k
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
h
o
w
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
lev
els
o
f
th
e
to
tal
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
in
b
o
th
ca
s
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
in
d
ex
=5
4
.
4
8
9
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
<0
.
0
5
an
d
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
in
d
ex
=5
7
.
8
0
6
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
<0
.
0
5
as p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Me
an
r
an
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
(
to
tal
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
)
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
s
co
r
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t v
ar
iab
le
C
a
se
To
t
a
l
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
b
r
e
a
st
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
N
M
e
a
n
r
a
n
k
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
s
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
p
a
r
e
n
t
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
h
a
s e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
d
m
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
?
6
m
o
n
t
h
s
13
2
6
5
.
73
6
-
1
2
m
o
n
t
h
s
58
2
0
6
.
64
12
-
1
8
m
o
n
t
h
s
77
2
3
2
.
56
18
mo
n
t
h
s
-
2
y
e
a
r
s
50
2
9
4
.
95
2
y
e
a
r
s
-
2
.
5
y
e
a
r
s
1
0
8
3
1
3
.
71
2
.
5
y
e
a
r
s
-
3
y
e
a
r
s
1
1
4
3
1
0
.
74
M
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
3
y
e
a
r
s
1
3
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3
4
9
.
06
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o
r
e
t
h
a
n
4
y
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a
r
s
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t
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r
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d
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a
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t
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g
r
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p
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p
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d
me
b
e
c
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
i
n
f
o
r
me
d
a
b
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
st
f
e
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d
i
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g
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ssu
e
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6
m
o
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s
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8
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.
68
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m
o
n
t
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n
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r
s
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r
s
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r
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r
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r
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M
o
r
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t
h
a
n
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y
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a
r
s
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.
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M
o
r
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t
h
a
n
4
y
e
a
r
s
51
3
8
2
.
67
To
t
a
l
6
0
7
T
ab
le
5
.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
p
ar
en
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
im
p
ac
t o
n
to
tal
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
K
r
u
s
k
a
l
-
W
a
l
l
i
s
Te
s
t
s
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
s
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
p
a
r
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n
t
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
h
a
s
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
d
me
t
o
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
b
r
e
a
st
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
a
s
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
p
a
r
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n
t
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
h
a
s
h
e
l
p
e
d
me
b
e
c
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
i
n
f
o
r
me
d
a
b
o
u
t
b
r
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a
st
f
e
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d
i
n
g
i
s
su
e
s
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h
i
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u
a
r
e
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u
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Po
s
t
-
h
o
c
an
aly
s
is
m
ad
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
to
tal
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
i
n
g
d
u
r
atio
n
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
en
co
u
r
ag
em
en
t
f
o
r
b
r
e
astfe
ed
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
r
a
n
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
t
o
tal
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
th
e
d
is
tan
c
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
in
d
icate
t
h
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
b
etwe
en
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
m
o
th
e
r
s
wh
o
b
r
ea
s
tf
e
d
f
o
r
6
-
1
2
m
o
n
th
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
o
s
e
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r
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[
3
9
]
.
3
.
4
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
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T
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q
u
esti
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air
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was d
is
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ted
to
Gr
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m
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ata
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tatis
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aly
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is
.
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ti
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e
co
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clu
d
e
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th
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p
ar
tici
p
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o
f
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m
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th
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g
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p
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m
ed
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en
c
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u
r
a
g
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em
to
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n
itiate
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d
co
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tin
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b
r
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s
tf
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d
in
g
.
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ltan
eo
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ly
,
it
h
elp
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th
e
m
to
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ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
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in
f
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m
e
d
ab
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t
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r
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s
tf
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d
in
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ltin
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a
lo
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r
d
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r
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o
f
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clu
s
iv
e
b
r
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s
tf
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d
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
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ally
,
t
h
ey
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
ch
r
o
n
o
lo
g
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m
o
r
e
e
x
ten
s
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s
u
cc
ess
in
b
r
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astfe
ed
in
g
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
o
s
e
wh
o
claim
ed
less
in
f
lu
en
ce
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
M
.
P
r
e
n
t
i
c
e
,
“
B
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
mo
d
e
r
n
w
o
r
l
d
,
”
A
n
n
a
l
s
o
f
N
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
t
a
b
o
l
i
sm
,
v
o
l
.
7
8
,
n
o
.
S
u
p
p
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
–
3
8
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
/
0
0
0
5
2
4
3
5
4
.
[
2
]
C
.
G
.
V
i
c
t
o
r
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
B
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
2
1
st
c
e
n
t
u
r
y
:
e
p
i
d
e
m
i
o
l
o
g
y
,
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
sms
,
a
n
d
l
i
f
e
l
o
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
,
”
T
h
e
L
a
n
c
e
t
,
v
o
l
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