I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
u
bli
c
H
ea
lt
h Science
(
I
J
P
H
S)
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
,
p
p
.
60
3
~
62
1
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
h
s
.
v
1
4
i
2
.
2
4
7
5
5
603
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ijp
h
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Bibli
o
metric
a
na
l
y
sis
of research
tr
ends in colleg
e
st
udents'
mo
bile pho
ne add
iction from
20
1
3
t
o
20
2
3
Ruife
ng
Wa
ng
1,
2
,
Sa
ira
h Abd K
a
rim
1
,
J
a
cquli
ne
T
ha
m
3
1
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
L
i
f
e
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s,
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
S
h
a
h
A
l
a
m,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
2
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
N
u
r
si
n
g
a
n
d
R
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
F
u
y
a
n
g
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
A
n
H
u
i
,
C
h
i
n
a
3
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
S
h
a
h
A
l
a
m,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
r
7
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
J
u
l 1
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
l 3
0
,
2
0
2
4
M
o
b
i
le p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
icti
o
n
(M
P
A) a
m
o
n
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
ts
is a g
r
o
win
g
c
o
n
c
e
rn
a
ffe
c
ti
n
g
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
n
d
m
e
n
tal
we
ll
-
b
e
in
g
.
Th
is
stu
d
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
s
Cit
e
S
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
re
se
a
rc
h
tre
n
d
s
o
n
M
P
A
.
A
t
o
tal
o
f
9
5
7
a
rti
c
les
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
b
e
twe
e
n
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
2
0
2
3
we
re
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
,
wit
h
k
e
y
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
o
rs
in
c
lu
d
in
g
G
riff
it
h
s,
M
a
rk
D,
a
n
d
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
li
k
e
N
o
tt
i
n
g
h
a
m
Tren
t
Un
i
v
e
rsity
a
n
d
To
led
o
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
"
C
o
m
p
u
ters
In
Hu
m
a
n
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r"
e
m
e
rg
e
d
a
s
th
e
m
o
st
c
it
e
d
jo
u
r
n
a
l.
Re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
a
l
p
o
in
ts
i
n
c
lu
d
e
th
e
p
re
v
a
len
c
e
o
f
MPA
,
it
s
h
e
a
lt
h
e
f
fe
c
ts,
a
n
d
i
ts
a
ss
o
c
iatio
n
wit
h
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
u
sa
g
e
.
F
u
tu
r
e
re
se
a
rc
h
sh
o
u
l
d
fo
c
u
s
o
n
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
M
P
A
-
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
c
o
rre
latio
n
,
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
in
g
d
iv
e
rse
in
ter
v
e
n
ti
o
n
stu
d
ies
.
Th
i
s
stu
d
y
id
e
n
t
ifi
e
s
re
se
a
rc
h
h
o
tsp
o
ts
a
n
d
e
m
p
h
a
siz
e
s
th
e
n
e
e
d
fo
r
fu
rt
h
e
r
in
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
s
to
e
x
p
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
rst
a
n
d
in
g
o
f
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
.
Co
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
b
e
twe
e
n
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
a
u
t
h
o
rs
is
c
r
u
c
ial,
a
l
o
n
g
wit
h
d
iv
e
rsifica
ti
o
n
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
m
e
th
o
d
s a
n
d
to
o
ls.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
C
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
Me
n
tal
h
ea
lth
Mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
ad
d
ictio
n
R
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
So
cial
m
ed
ia
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
u
if
en
g
W
an
g
Facu
lty
o
f
Hea
lth
an
d
L
if
e
Sci
en
ce
s
,
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
Scien
ce
Un
iv
er
s
ity
Sh
ah
Alam
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: 3
2
1
0
1
2
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
5
9
@
p
g
c.
m
s
u
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
h
as
d
r
am
atica
lly
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
an
d
en
ter
tain
m
e
n
t.
No
n
eth
eless
,
th
e
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
d
ev
ices
ca
n
p
r
ec
ip
itate
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
ictio
n
(
MPA
)
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
r
esu
l
tin
g
i
n
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
is
d
ep
e
n
d
en
c
y
is
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
co
m
p
u
ls
iv
e
in
ter
n
et
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
f
ix
atio
n
with
th
e
d
ev
ice,
a
n
d
a
lack
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
its
u
s
ag
e,
d
is
r
u
p
tin
g
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al'
s
d
aily
a
ctiv
ities
an
d
y
ield
in
g
ad
v
er
s
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
a
n
d
s
o
cial
r
ep
er
cu
s
s
io
n
s
[
1
]
.
Mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
"d
o
u
b
le
-
e
d
g
ed
s
wo
r
d
.
"
On
o
n
e
h
an
d
,
th
ey
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
life
;
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
h
av
e
ar
is
en
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
p
o
ten
ti
al
n
eg
ativ
e
h
ea
lth
is
s
u
es
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
th
eir
u
s
e
[
2
]
.
Hea
lth
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
in
clu
d
e
m
u
s
cu
lo
s
k
eleta
l
p
ain
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
,
s
wo
llen
wr
is
t
s
,
s
tiff
n
ess
in
t
h
e
h
an
d
s
,
p
ain
in
th
e
ce
r
v
ical
s
p
in
e
[
5
]
–
[
7
]
,
ey
e
f
atig
u
e,
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
v
is
io
n
[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
,
as
well
as
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
,
ca
r
d
io
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
f
itn
ess
[
1
4
]
,
an
d
s
leep
q
u
ality
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
all
o
f
wh
ich
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
m
o
s
t
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
th
is
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
ar
e
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
o
f
ac
e
a
n
o
tab
ly
elev
ated
r
is
k
o
f
d
e
v
el
o
p
in
g
M
PA.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
c
u
r
r
en
tly
a
lo
t
o
f
r
elev
a
n
t
ac
ad
em
ic
p
ap
er
s
o
n
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
s
tate
o
f
MPA
am
o
n
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Sin
ce
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
to
o
ls
,
an
d
s
am
p
les
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
MPA,
t
h
e
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
o
f
MPA
in
t
h
is
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
is
h
ig
h
l
y
d
i
v
er
s
e.
I
n
ci
d
en
ce
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
6
0
3
-
6
2
1
604
MPA
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wo
r
ld
wid
e
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
6
.
3
6
%
to
6
2
%
[
1
7
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
ad
d
ictio
n
ca
n
ad
v
er
s
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
m
u
ltip
le
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
eir
ex
is
ten
ce
,
e
n
co
m
p
ass
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
,
s
ch
o
last
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
t,
s
leep
q
u
ality
,
an
d
ev
en
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
e
x
ch
an
g
e
s
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
2
2
]
.
Fo
r
tu
n
ately
,
s
ch
o
la
r
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
MPA
,
cu
lm
i
n
atin
g
in
a
b
u
r
g
e
o
n
in
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
p
r
ev
ale
n
c
e
o
f
MPA
,
v
ar
io
u
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
a
d
v
er
s
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
it
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
c
h
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
d
iv
e
r
s
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
tar
g
et
in
g
MPA
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
q
u
alitativ
e
r
ev
iews
h
av
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
th
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
MPA
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
li
m
ited
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
t
o
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
ely
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
ly
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
d
o
m
ain
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
h
av
e
n
o
te
d
th
at
q
u
alitativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
m
ay
en
tail
in
h
er
en
t
s
u
b
je
ctiv
e
b
iases
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
u
tili
ze
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
MPA
s
tatu
s
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
m
ath
em
atics
an
d
s
tatis
t
ics,
d
esig
n
ed
to
elu
cid
ate
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ield
o
f
r
esear
ch
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
is
an
aly
tical
tech
n
iq
u
e
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
r
ee
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
an
aly
s
is
o
f
c
o
-
wo
r
d
s
,
co
-
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
,
a
n
d
c
o
-
citatio
n
s
[
3
4
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
ar
e
ab
le
to
r
ap
id
l
y
id
en
tify
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
ev
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
r
esear
ch
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
a
s
tu
d
y
,
th
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
ten
d
en
cy
in
th
e
m
ed
ical
r
esear
ch
liter
atu
r
e
to
u
s
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
-
th
i
r
d
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
s
o
n
b
ib
lio
m
etr
i
c
an
aly
s
is
in
d
ex
ed
in
Sco
p
u
s
o
r
ig
i
n
ate
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ed
ical
d
o
m
ain
[
3
5
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
h
av
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
t th
em
es a
n
d
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
tr
en
d
s
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
MPA
[
3
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
lim
ited
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
h
ea
lth
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
esp
ec
ially
am
o
n
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
.
C
iteSp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
is
a
wid
ely
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
o
l
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
s
p
an
n
in
g
d
is
cip
lin
es
s
u
ch
as
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
cli
n
ical
m
ed
icin
e,
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
[
3
7
]
–
[
3
9
]
.
I
t
is
f
r
ee
ly
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
a
d
ep
t
at
m
an
ag
i
n
g
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
we
ch
o
s
e
ar
ticles
o
n
MPA
am
o
n
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
C
o
r
e
C
o
llectio
n
Data
b
ase
an
d
u
s
ed
C
iteSp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
as
o
u
r
v
i
s
u
aliza
tio
n
an
aly
s
is
to
o
l.
W
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
n
in
-
d
e
p
th
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
t
o
2
0
2
3
in
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
id
en
tify
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
in
th
is
f
i
eld
.
U
t
i
li
z
i
n
g
C
i
t
eS
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
,
we
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
v
i
s
u
al
l
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
iv
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
a
p
s
il
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
co
-
o
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
g
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
;
co
-
a
u
th
o
r
s
,
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
ti
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
es
;
c
o
-
ci
t
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
ce
s
;
a
n
d
a
b
u
r
s
t
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
.
T
h
e
a
i
m
s
o
f
o
u
r
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
ad
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
es
t
i
o
n
:
i
)
H
o
w
h
a
s
t
h
e
li
t
e
r
at
u
r
e
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
b
e
e
n
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
p
a
s
t
d
e
ca
d
e
?
ii
)
W
h
o
h
a
v
e
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
MP
A
?
ii
i
)
I
n
t
h
is
f
i
el
d
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
h
o
t
s
p
o
ts
?
U
s
i
n
g
th
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
m
a
p
s
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
s
,
o
u
r
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
s
t
o
a
c
h
iev
e
a
n
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
v
e
r
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
s
ta
t
u
s
,
h
o
t
s
p
o
ts
,
a
n
d
f
r
o
n
t
i
e
r
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
t
h
e
l
a
c
k
o
f
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
l
it
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
i
ews
i
n
t
h
i
s
a
r
e
a
,
t
o
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
o
f
o
u
r
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
p
r
es
e
n
ts
t
h
e
i
n
a
u
g
u
r
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
o
f
b
i
b
l
i
o
m
et
r
ic
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
MP
A
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
i
n
t
e
r
es
t
ed
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
w
il
l
b
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
ex
t
r
a
c
t
c
r
u
c
i
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
a
s
s
i
s
t
t
h
e
i
r
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
i
es
an
d
b
e
t
t
e
r
g
r
a
s
p
t
h
e
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
f
r
o
m
a
s
cie
n
t
i
f
i
c
s
t
a
n
d
p
o
i
n
t
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
Data
f
o
r
th
is
r
ev
iew
wer
e
g
ath
er
ed
o
n
No
v
em
b
er
2
5
,
2
0
2
3
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
,
a
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
d
atab
ase
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
g
lo
b
al
ac
a
d
em
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
C
o
r
e
C
o
llect
io
n
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
Scien
ce
C
i
tatio
n
I
n
d
ex
E
x
p
a
n
d
ed
an
d
th
e
So
cial
Scien
ce
C
itati
o
n
I
n
d
ex
,
as
th
e
d
atab
ase
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
was
b
ased
o
n
it
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
au
th
o
r
ity
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
with
in
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
ly
r
esear
c
h
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
o
ascer
tain
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
ts
in
t
h
e
f
i
eld
,
we
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
s
ea
r
ch
es f
o
r
ar
ticles p
u
b
lis
h
ed
with
in
th
e
tim
ef
r
am
e
o
f
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
was
as:
(
(
(
(
T
S=(
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
t*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
t*
)
)
E
d
itio
n
s
:
W
OS.SC
I
,
W
OS.SS
C
I
an
d
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
T
S=(
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
ad
d
ictio
n
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
ad
d
ictio
n
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
m
o
b
ile
ad
d
ictio
n
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
ad
d
ictio
n
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
*
)
)
OR
T
S=(
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e*
)
an
d
Ar
ticle
o
r
R
ev
iew
Ar
ticle
(
Do
cu
m
en
t
T
y
p
es)
E
d
itio
n
s
:
W
OS.
SC
I
,
W
OS.S
SC
I
.
T
h
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
ty
p
es
wer
e
lim
ited
to
"a
r
ticle"
o
r
"r
ev
iew,
"
s
p
an
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
J
an
u
ar
y
1
,
2
0
1
3
,
to
No
v
em
b
er
2
5
,
2
0
2
3
.
E
n
g
lis
h
was
s
elec
ted
as
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
f
o
cu
s
d
u
e
t
o
its
g
lo
b
al
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
ce
,
ev
id
e
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
e
x
te
n
s
iv
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ar
ticles p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
in
E
n
g
lis
h
.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
elim
in
ate
i
)
n
o
n
-
ac
a
d
em
ic
liter
atu
r
e,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
c
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
n
ewsp
ap
e
r
s
,
an
d
n
o
tes;
ii
)
d
u
p
licate
ar
ticles;
an
d
iii
)
ir
r
elev
an
t
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
e
r
ies
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f res
ea
r
ch
tr
en
d
s
in
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
ictio
n
…
(
R
u
ifen
g
Wa
n
g
)
605
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
A
to
tal
o
f
9
5
7
r
ec
o
r
d
s
wer
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
,
d
o
wn
lo
ad
ed
in
p
lain
tex
t
f
o
r
m
at,
an
d
s
u
p
p
lem
e
n
ted
with
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
at,
th
e
d
ata
was
im
p
o
r
ted
in
to
C
iteSp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
an
aly
s
is
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
ies
S
e
t
Se
a
r
c
h
q
u
e
r
y
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
#1
(((((((T
S=
(mo
b
i
l
e
ph
on
e
a
dd
i
c
t
i
on
*))
OR
T
S
= (
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
*
)
)
O
R
TS=(
m
o
b
i
l
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
*
)
)
O
R
TS=(
c
e
l
l
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
*
)
)
O
R
TS=(
m
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
*
)
)
O
R
TS=(
c
e
l
l
p
h
o
n
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
*
)
)
O
R
TS
=
(
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
*
)
)
O
R
TS=(
p
r
o
b
l
e
ma
t
i
c
mo
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
*
)
Ed
i
t
i
o
n
s
:
W
O
S
.
S
C
I
,
W
O
S
.
S
S
C
I
3
,
7
0
6
#2
(
(
(
(
TS=
(
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
*
)
)
O
R
TS
= (
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
st
u
d
e
n
t
*
)
)
O
R
TS=(
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
*
)
)
O
R
TS
=
(
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
*
)
)
Ed
i
t
i
o
n
s:
W
O
S
.
S
C
I
,
W
O
S
.
S
S
C
I
2
6
5
,
0
3
0
#3
#
1
A
N
D
#
2
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
d
e
x
(
S
S
C
I
)
o
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
d
e
x
E
x
p
a
n
d
e
d
(
S
C
I
-
EX
P
A
N
D
ED
)
(
W
e
b
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
I
n
d
e
x
)
a
n
d
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
o
r
R
e
v
i
e
w
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
(
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
T
y
p
e
s)
a
n
d
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
(
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
s)
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
2
3
(
P
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
a
r
s)
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
:
W
O
S
.
S
C
I
,
W
O
S
.
S
S
CI
9
5
7
#
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
e
s
a
p
r
e
f
i
x
f
o
r
t
h
e
seri
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
2
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
t
o
o
l
C
iteSp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
J
av
a
p
latf
o
r
m
cr
ea
ted
b
y
C
h
en
[
4
0
]
,
s
er
v
es
as
a
ty
p
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
r
ea
l
-
t
im
e,
d
y
n
am
ic,
a
n
d
v
a
r
ied
an
aly
s
es
o
f
in
tr
icate
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
t
h
elp
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
r
esear
ch
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
lab
els
k
ey
ter
m
s
,
an
d
d
etec
ts
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
tr
en
d
s
an
d
a
b
r
u
p
t
ch
an
g
es
ac
r
o
s
s
tim
e
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
lain
tex
t
f
iles
,
with
th
e
f
ile
n
am
e
"
d
o
wn
lo
ad
_
x
x
,
"
wer
e
d
o
wn
lo
ad
e
d
an
d
th
en
im
p
o
r
te
d
in
to
C
iteSp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
th
e
f
o
r
m
at
an
d
r
em
o
v
e
d
u
p
licate
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
.
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
2
0
1
3
was
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
lin
e
g
r
ap
h
s
i
llu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
a
n
n
u
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
r
esear
ch
q
u
a
n
tity
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
o
n
e
y
ea
r
tim
e
s
lice
an
d
th
e
g
-
in
d
e
x
as
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
io
n
t
o
an
aly
ze
d
ata
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
.
Var
io
u
s
p
r
u
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
in
tu
itiv
e,
co
n
cise m
ap
.
Utilizin
g
C
iteSp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
,
a
n
ar
r
a
y
o
f
an
aly
s
es
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
am
o
n
g
au
th
o
r
s
,
co
u
n
t
r
ies
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
alo
n
g
with
in
v
es
tig
atio
n
s
in
to
co
-
cited
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
cited
jo
u
r
n
als,
clu
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
,
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
,
b
u
r
s
t
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
,
an
d
a
tim
elin
e
v
iew
o
f
MPA
am
o
n
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
L
o
ts
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
an
d
lin
k
ag
es
wer
e
m
ad
e
in
e
ac
h
o
f
th
e
s
ev
e
r
al
m
ap
s
th
at
w
er
e
m
ad
e.
A
n
o
d
e'
s
s
ize
in
d
icate
s
th
e
av
er
ag
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
r
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
its
co
lo
r
in
d
icat
es
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
f
ir
s
t
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
.
Similar
ly
,
lin
k
a
g
es
s
h
o
w
co
-
citatio
n
o
r
co
l
lab
o
r
ativ
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
f
ir
s
t
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
lin
k
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
c
o
n
n
e
ctiv
ity
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
B
etwe
en
n
ess
ce
n
tr
ality
i
s
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
a
n
o
d
e'
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itio
n
in
a
n
etwo
r
k
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
way
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
4
1
]
.
A
n
o
d
e
with
h
ig
h
b
et
wee
n
n
ess
ce
n
tr
ality
o
f
ten
r
e
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
cr
u
cial
h
o
ts
p
o
t
o
r
tu
r
n
in
g
p
o
in
t
i
n
th
e
f
ie
ld
,
lin
k
in
g
two
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
izab
l
e
n
o
d
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
th
e
n
o
d
e
its
elf
,
wh
ich
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
a
t
h
ick
p
u
r
p
le
b
o
r
d
e
r
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
ce
n
tr
ality
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
u
r
p
le
b
o
r
d
er
.
Hig
h
ce
n
tr
ality
n
o
d
es a
r
e
th
o
u
g
h
t to
b
e
cr
u
cial
lo
c
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
[
4
4
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
Annu
a
l pub
lica
t
io
ns
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
l
iter
atu
r
e
in
a
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ac
ad
e
m
ic
d
is
cip
lin
e
o
r
f
ield
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tim
e
p
er
io
d
s
ca
n
ass
is
t
in
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
tal
s
tag
es
an
d
tr
en
d
s
with
in
th
at
d
is
cip
lin
e
o
r
f
ield
[
4
5
]
.
Ou
r
an
al
y
s
is
in
clu
d
ed
a
t
o
tal
o
f
9
5
7
r
ec
o
r
d
s
.
As
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
we
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
a
lin
e
g
r
ap
h
d
is
p
lay
in
g
th
e
y
ea
r
s
o
n
th
e
x
-
ax
is
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
y
-
ax
is
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
ten
s
ity
i
n
th
e
f
i
eld
o
f
C
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
MPA
ex
h
ib
its
an
o
v
er
all
s
tead
y
u
p
w
ar
d
tr
e
n
d
.
Up
o
n
clo
s
er
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
i
v
id
ed
i
n
to
two
d
i
s
tin
ct
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
io
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
1
9
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
p
h
ase
o
f
s
lo
w
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
with
an
n
u
al
p
u
b
licatio
n
v
o
lu
m
es
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
b
elo
w
1
0
0
p
a
p
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
ch
o
lar
s
p
aid
r
elativ
ely
litt
le
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
'
MPA
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
p
er
io
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
3
m
ar
k
s
a
p
h
ase
o
f
r
ap
id
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
with
av
er
ag
e
an
n
u
al
p
u
b
licatio
n
v
o
lu
m
es
ex
ce
e
d
i
n
g
1
0
0
p
a
p
er
s
.
No
tab
ly
,
in
2
0
2
2
,
th
e
f
ield
r
ea
ch
e
d
it
s
p
ea
k
with
2
2
0
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
ly
in
ter
est
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
.
W
ith
1
5
2
ar
ticles
as
o
f
m
id
-
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
,
d
esp
ite
a
m
i
n
o
r
d
ec
lin
e
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
t
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
M
PA
is
s
till
a
m
ajo
r
ar
ea
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
r
esear
ch
.
3
.
2
.
Co
-
a
utho
r
a
na
l
y
s
is
W
e
u
t
i
li
z
e
d
C
i
t
eS
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
l
l
o
w
e
d
u
s
t
o
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
t
w
r
i
te
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
,
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
a
n
d
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
q
u
a
n
t
i
ti
e
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
t
h
e
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
at
i
v
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
e
v
er
a
l
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
wi
t
h
6
8
2
l
i
n
k
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
3
8
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
6
0
3
-
6
2
1
606
n
o
d
e
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
n
o
d
e
s
i
ze
a
r
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
;
m
o
r
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
b
y
b
i
g
g
e
r
n
o
d
e
s
.
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
l
i
n
k
a
g
e
s
b
e
tw
e
e
n
w
r
i
t
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
e
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
i
n
d
i
ca
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
n
k
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
l
o
r
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
t
o
2
0
2
3
a
n
d
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
c
o
o
l
t
o
w
a
r
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pu
b
licatio
n
v
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
en
d
(
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
2
3
)
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
a
p
o
f
c
o
-
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
G
r
i
f
f
i
t
h
s
,
M
a
r
k
D
.
r
a
n
k
s
f
i
r
s
t
in
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
,
w
i
t
h
3
3
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
,
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
ti
n
g
3
.
4
%
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
p
u
b
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
.
H
is
h
i
g
h
est
c
i
t
at
i
o
n
a
r
ti
c
l
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
t
h
a
t
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
t
r
a
it
s
c
a
n
e
x
p
l
a
in
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
d
d
i
c
ti
v
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
M
P
A
,
F
ac
e
b
o
o
k
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
v
i
d
e
o
g
a
m
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
[
4
6
]
.
W
i
t
h
2
4
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
,
J
o
n
D
.
E
l
h
a
i
h
o
l
d
s
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
h
i
s
m
o
s
t
w
i
d
el
y
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d
p
a
p
e
r
,
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
ca
l
l
y
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
u
t
i
li
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
tl
y
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
l
i
n
k
s
b
e
t
w
ee
n
M
P
A
,
a
n
x
i
et
y
,
a
n
d
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
.
W
h
e
n
i
t
c
a
m
e
t
o
s
m
a
l
l
t
o
m
e
d
i
u
m
e
f
f
e
c
ts
,
s
t
r
ess
w
a
s
a
l
s
o
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
l
y
as
s
o
ci
a
t
ed
,
b
u
t
w
h
e
n
i
t
c
a
m
e
t
o
s
e
l
f
-
es
t
e
e
m
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
w
e
r
e
i
n
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
m
a
l
l
t
o
m
e
d
i
u
m
[
4
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
o
t
h
e
r
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
t
o
p
1
5
v
a
r
y
f
r
o
m
6
t
o
1
1
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
.
A
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
t
o
p
1
5
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
,
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
v
e
e
m
e
r
g
e
d
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
G
r
i
f
f
i
t
h
s
,
Ma
r
k
D
.
,
L
i
n
,
C
h
u
n
g
-
Y
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
a
k
p
o
u
r
;
E
l
h
a
i
,
J
o
n
D
.
,
R
o
z
g
o
n
ju
k
,
D
m
i
t
r
i
,
L
e
v
i
n
e
,
J
a
s
o
n
C
.
,
a
n
d
H
a
l
l
J
a
s
o
n
C
.
,
L
e
v
i
n
e
,
D
m
i
t
r
i
,
E
l
h
a
i
,
J
o
n
D
.
,
R
o
z
g
o
n
j
u
k
,
J
a
s
o
n
C
.
,
a
n
d
H
a
l
l
J
a
s
o
n
C
.
a
l
s
o
w
o
r
k
s
c
l
o
s
e
l
y
wi
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
s
.
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
t
i
ll
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
m
o
d
e
s
t
.
W
e
a
n
t
ic
i
p
a
te
f
o
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
m
o
n
g
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
s
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
es
.
A
d
d
i
ti
o
n
a
ll
y
,
o
n
l
y
M
a
r
k
D
.
G
r
i
f
f
i
t
h
s
h
a
s
a
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
it
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
0
.
0
1
,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
a
s
ca
r
c
i
t
y
o
f
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
o
r
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
c
h
o
l
ar
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
el
d
o
f
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
'
MP
A
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f res
ea
r
ch
tr
en
d
s
in
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
ictio
n
…
(
R
u
ifen
g
Wa
n
g
)
607
3
.
3
.
Co
un
t
ry
a
nd
ins
t
it
utio
n
a
na
ly
s
is
U
t
i
li
z
i
n
g
C
i
t
eS
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
,
we
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
a
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
i
n
s
ti
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
b
et
w
e
e
n
t
h
es
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
es
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
a
w
o
r
l
d
w
i
d
e
i
n
te
r
e
s
t
a
n
d
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
i
n
t
a
c
k
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
a
n
d
T
a
b
l
e
2
,
w
i
t
h
3
0
9
l
i
n
k
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
8
0
n
o
d
e
s
,
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
i
n
te
r
e
s
t
a
n
d
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
i
n
a
d
d
r
es
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
le
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
es
an
d
C
h
i
n
a
a
r
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
es
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
g
r
e
a
t
es
t
n
o
d
e
s
,
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
r
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
is
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
h
i
c
k
e
r
p
u
r
p
le
t
r
i
m
.
T
h
e
t
o
p
f
i
v
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
es
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
v
el
y
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
7
7
8
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
8
1
.
3
%
)
,
w
i
t
h
C
h
i
n
a
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
n
g
4
2
2
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
4
4.
1
%
)
,
U
SA
1
6
3
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
1
7
.
0
3
%
)
,
T
u
r
k
e
y
7
6
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
7
.
9
4
%
)
,
t
h
e
U
n
i
t
ed
E
n
g
l
a
n
d
70
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
7
.
3
1
%
)
,
a
n
d
S
p
a
i
n
4
7
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
4
.
9
1
%
)
.
E
ac
h
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
h
a
s
c
r
e
at
e
d
a
s
o
l
i
d
,
c
l
o
s
e
-
k
n
i
t
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
o
p
f
i
v
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
c
e
n
t
r
a
li
t
y
a
r
e
t
h
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
at
e
s
(
0
.
3
7
)
,
C
h
i
n
a
(
0
.
3
1
)
,
E
n
g
l
a
n
d
(
0
.
3
1
)
,
A
u
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
(
0
.
2
3
)
,
a
n
d
S
p
a
i
n
(
0
.
2
2
)
.
T
h
i
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
th
a
t
U
S
A
,
C
h
i
n
a
,
a
n
d
E
n
g
l
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
co
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
'
M
P
A
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
a
p
o
f
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
A
s
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
,
t
h
e
t
o
p
5
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
a
l
l
c
o
ll
eg
e
s
.
T
h
e
t
o
p
f
i
v
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
es
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
a
r
e
N
o
t
t
i
n
g
h
a
m
T
r
e
n
t
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
(
3
7
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
3
.
8
7
%)
,
T
o
l
e
d
o
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
(
2
6
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
2
.
6
1
%
)
,
B
e
ij
i
n
g
N
o
r
m
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
(
2
2
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
2
.
3
%
)
,
M
a
c
a
u
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
(
2
0
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
2
.
0
9
%
)
,
a
n
d
T
i
a
n
j
i
n
N
o
r
m
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
(
2
0
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
2
.
0
9
%
)
.
N
o
t
t
i
n
g
h
a
m
T
r
e
n
t
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
h
a
s
m
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
f
i
el
d
,
r
a
n
k
i
n
g
f
i
r
s
t
i
n
b
o
t
h
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
a
n
d
ce
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
.
N
o
n
e
t
h
e
l
es
s
,
i
t
is
n
o
te
w
o
r
t
h
y
t
h
a
t
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
t
o
p
t
h
r
e
e
i
n
s
t
it
u
t
i
o
n
s
p
o
s
s
e
s
s
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
it
y
v
a
l
u
es
e
x
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
0
.
1
,
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
r
a
li
t
y
v
al
u
e
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
t
h
at
N
o
t
t
i
n
g
h
a
m
T
r
e
n
t
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
T
o
l
e
d
o
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
,
a
n
d
B
e
ij
i
n
g
N
o
r
m
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
p
l
a
y
m
o
r
e
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
r
o
l
es
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
il
e
o
t
h
e
r
i
n
s
t
it
u
t
i
o
n
s
h
a
v
e
a
l
es
s
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
.
3
.
4
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
cit
ed
j
o
urna
ls
W
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
c
o
-
c
i
te
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
u
s
i
n
g
C
i
te
S
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
f
i
e
l
d
s
.
T
a
b
l
e
3
li
s
t
s
t
h
e
t
o
p
f
i
v
e
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
s
r
a
n
k
e
d
b
y
b
o
t
h
c
i
t
a
ti
o
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
it
y
,
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
a
n
i
n
tr
i
g
u
i
n
g
l
a
c
k
o
f
c
o
r
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
t
w
o
m
et
r
i
cs
.
I
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
c
i
t
at
i
o
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
"
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
I
n
H
u
m
a
n
B
eh
a
v
i
o
r
"
l
e
a
d
s
w
i
t
h
8
1
0
t
i
m
es
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
"
P
L
o
S
O
n
e
"
(
6
3
3
t
i
m
e
s
)
a
n
d
"
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
"
(
6
3
0
t
i
m
e
s
)
.
T
h
e
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
s
wi
t
h
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
c
e
n
t
r
a
li
t
y
a
r
e
"
P
L
o
S
O
n
e
"
(
0
.
0
5
)
,
"
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
"
(
0
.
0
5
)
,
a
n
d
"
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
li
t
y
A
n
d
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
"
(
0
.
0
5
)
,
t
h
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
w
o
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
o
c
c
u
p
y
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
,
e
a
c
h
w
it
h
a
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
it
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
o
f
0
.
0
4
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
im
p
ly
th
at
r
es
ea
r
ch
o
n
MPA
is
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
jo
u
r
n
als
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
b
eh
av
io
r
,
o
r
p
s
y
c
h
iatr
y
.
Pap
er
s
o
n
MPA
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
b
u
t
s
p
r
ea
d
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
j
o
u
r
n
als.
W
ith
an
i
m
p
ac
t
f
ac
to
r
o
f
9
.
9
in
2
0
2
3
,
"Co
m
p
u
ter
s
I
n
H
u
m
an
B
eh
av
io
r
"
em
er
g
es
as
th
e
jo
u
r
n
al
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
citatio
n
s
.
I
ts
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
l
y
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
u
s
ag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
6
0
3
-
6
2
1
608
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
jo
u
r
n
al
d
is
cu
s
s
es
co
m
p
u
ter
u
s
ag
e
in
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
p
s
y
ch
iatr
y
,
an
d
allied
f
ield
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ic
al
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
t
er
u
s
ag
e
o
n
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als,
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
an
d
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
s
o
ciety
.
T
h
is
p
u
b
licatio
n
is
q
u
ite
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
in
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
its
ar
ticle
s
r
elate
with
h
u
m
an
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
to
p
5
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
n
th
e
lis
t a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
v
o
lu
m
e
an
d
ce
n
tr
ality
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
Ran
k
R
an
k
e
d
b
y
p
u
b
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
u
me
R
an
k
e
d
b
y
ce
n
t
r
al
i
t
y
In
s
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
N
u
m
b
er
In
s
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
Cen
t
ra
l
i
t
y
1
N
o
t
t
i
n
g
h
am
T
re
n
t
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
37
N
o
t
t
i
n
g
h
am
T
re
n
t
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
0
.
1
3
2
T
o
l
e
d
o
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
26
Maca
u
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
0
.
1
2
3
Bei
j
i
n
g
N
o
r
mal
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
22
Bei
j
i
n
g
N
o
r
mal
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
0
.
1
1
4
Maca
u
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
20
G
u
a
n
g
zh
o
u
U
n
i
v
e
rs
i
t
y
0
.
0
6
5
T
i
an
j
i
n
N
o
rma
l
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
20
Sh
e
n
z
h
e
n
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
0
.
0
6
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
lis
t's
to
p
f
iv
e
jo
u
r
n
als
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
citatio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
ce
n
tr
ality
Ran
k
Ran
k
e
d
b
y
ci
t
e
d
f
re
q
u
en
cy
Ran
k
e
d
b
y
ce
n
t
r
al
i
t
y
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
N
u
m
b
er
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
Cen
t
ra
l
i
t
y
1
Co
m
p
u
t
er
s
i
n
H
u
ma
n
B
eh
a
v
i
o
r
8
1
0
Pl
o
s
O
n
e
0
.
0
5
2
Pl
o
s
O
n
e
6
3
3
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
Be
h
a
v
i
o
rs
0
.
0
5
3
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Be
h
a
v
i
o
ral
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
6
3
0
Pers
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
D
i
f
fere
n
c
es
0
.
0
5
4
Cy
b
er
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
y
,
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r,
an
d
S
o
ci
al
N
e
t
w
o
rk
i
n
g
4
7
7
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Per
s
o
n
al
i
t
y
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
P
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
0
.
0
4
5
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
al
Res
earc
h
an
d
Pu
b
l
i
c
H
ea
l
t
h
4
5
5
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
P
s
y
c
h
i
a
t
r
y
0
.
0
4
3
.
5
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
cit
ed
re
f
er
e
nces
T
h
e
10
m
o
s
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
c
o
-
c
i
t
ed
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
4
,
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
d
b
y
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
s
o
u
r
c
e
,
a
1
4
3
-
c
it
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
at
i
c
r
e
v
ie
w
b
y
E
l
h
a
i
J
D
[
4
7
]
,
ex
a
m
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
M
P
A
,
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
ti
n
g
o
n
d
ep
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
,
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
,
s
t
r
ess
,
a
n
d
l
o
w
s
e
l
f
-
e
s
t
e
e
m
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
,
w
r
it
t
e
n
b
y
S
a
m
a
h
a
M
[
4
8
]
,
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
s
t
h
e
a
s
s
o
c
ia
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
M
P
A
a
n
d
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
s
t
r
e
s
s
,
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
l
i
f
e
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
c
o
-
c
i
t
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
t
o
a
d
o
p
t
t
h
e
t
e
r
m
"
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
m
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
"
t
o
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
,
c
o
n
te
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
th
e
r
e
i
s
i
n
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
t
o
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
y
MP
A
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
o
f
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
[
4
9
]
.
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
lis
t's
to
p
1
0
s
tu
d
i
es b
y
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
c
o
-
citatio
n
s
Ran
k
A
u
t
h
o
r
Co
-
ci
t
e
d
r
efere
n
c
e
Freq
u
e
n
c
y
1
[
4
7
]
Pro
b
l
em
s
mar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
w
a
s
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
l
y
r
el
a
t
e
d
t
o
p
s
y
ch
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
.
1
4
3
2
[
4
8
]
T
h
e
r
i
s
k
o
f
s
ma
rt
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
ct
i
o
n
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
h
a
v
e
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
c
o
rre
l
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
p
erce
i
v
ed
s
t
re
s
s
.
1
0
5
3
[
4
9
]
T
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
rs
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
mi
g
h
t
m
o
re
acc
u
ra
t
e
l
y
b
e
d
e
s
c
ri
b
e
d
as
p
ro
b
l
ema
t
i
c
o
r
ma
l
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
s
m
art
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
ag
e.
1
0
4
4
[5
0
]
D
e
p
re
s
s
i
o
n
,
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
,
an
d
s
l
ee
p
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
s
s
u
es
ma
y
b
e
l
i
n
k
e
d
t
o
e
x
ce
s
s
i
v
e
s
mar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e.
91
5
[5
1
]
T
h
ere
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
ed
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
rt
t
h
e
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
ad
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
as
an
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
82
6
[5
2
]
Smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
ad
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
p
re
v
a
l
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
me
d
i
ca
l
c
o
l
l
eg
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
.
T
h
e
re
s
e
arc
h
f
o
u
n
d
l
i
n
k
s
b
et
w
e
en
s
ma
rt
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
a
g
e
,
p
s
y
ch
o
-
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
fa
ct
o
r
s
,
an
d
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
ct
i
o
n
.
81
7
[5
3
]
D
e
p
re
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
an
x
i
e
t
y
s
co
res
w
ere
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
as
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
p
re
d
i
c
t
o
rs
o
f
s
m
art
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
ct
i
o
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
80
8
[5
4
]
T
h
e
r
e
v
i
s
e
d
I
-
P
A
C
E
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
e
l
u
c
i
d
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
,
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
u
r
o
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
t
h
e
o
r
i
e
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
-
u
s
e
d
i
s
o
r
d
e
r
s
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
71
9
[2
3
]
Pro
b
l
ema
t
i
c
s
m
art
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
(
PS
U
)
w
a
s
o
b
s
e
rv
ed
i
n
ro
u
g
h
l
y
o
n
e
o
u
t
o
f
ev
er
y
f
o
u
r
c
h
i
l
d
re
n
a
n
d
ad
o
l
e
s
ce
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
w
a
s
as
s
o
ci
at
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
er
l
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
o
f
d
i
mi
n
i
s
h
e
d
me
n
t
a
l
h
e
al
t
h
.
69
10
[5
5
]
Pro
c
es
s
-
r
el
at
e
d
s
mar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
a
g
e
i
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
f
ac
t
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
b
o
t
h
h
ab
i
t
u
al
a
n
d
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
rel
a
t
e
d
t
o
s
ma
rt
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e.
67
T
o
p
1
0
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
r
a
n
k
e
d
b
y
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
5
.
T
h
e
S
m
a
r
t
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
c
a
l
e
(
S
A
S
)
,
w
i
t
h
a
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
0
.
1
7
,
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
s
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
M
P
A
[
5
6
]
.
C
h
e
n
S
K
[
5
7
]
u
s
e
s
l
a
t
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
-
r
a
n
k
e
d
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
c
o
n
t
e
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
u
s
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
s
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
r
i
s
k
o
f
a
d
v
e
r
s
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
t
h
a
t
c
o
m
e
s
i
n
t
h
i
r
d
p
l
a
c
e
h
a
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
c
o
-
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
i
t
h
a
s
a
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
[
4
7
]
.
R
e
v
i
e
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
s
4
a
n
d
5
,
i
t
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
p
p
a
r
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
m
o
s
t
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
M
P
A
,
i
t
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
s
s
u
e
s
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
o
f
M
P
A
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
a
r
e
e
v
i
d
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f res
ea
r
ch
tr
en
d
s
in
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
ictio
n
…
(
R
u
ifen
g
Wa
n
g
)
609
T
ab
le
5
.
T
o
p
1
0
s
tu
d
ies in
th
e
lis
t b
y
co
-
citatio
n
ce
n
tr
ality
R
a
n
k
A
u
t
h
o
r
Co
-
c
i
t
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
1
[
5
6
]
Th
e
S
mart
p
h
o
n
e
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
S
c
a
l
e
(
S
A
S
)
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
e
m
o
n
st
r
a
t
e
d
t
o
b
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
v
a
l
i
d
.
0
.
1
7
2
[
57]
G
r
e
a
t
e
r
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
u
s
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
d
t
h
e
l
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
o
f
d
i
sa
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
o
u
s p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
.
0
.
1
4
3
[
4
7
]
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
mart
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
w
a
s
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
t
l
y
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
p
sy
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
.
0
.
1
4
[
5
8
]
A
d
i
a
g
n
o
st
i
c
ma
n
u
a
l
f
o
r
m
e
n
t
a
l
d
i
s
o
r
d
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s.
0
.
1
5
[
5
9
]
Th
e
8
-
i
t
e
m
C
a
n
n
a
b
i
s Us
e
D
i
s
o
r
d
e
r
s I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Te
s
t
-
R
e
v
i
se
d
(
C
U
D
I
T
-
R
)
h
a
s
sh
o
w
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
sc
a
l
e
a
n
d
se
e
ms w
e
l
l
a
d
a
p
t
e
d
f
o
r
scre
e
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
mat
i
c
c
a
n
n
a
b
i
s
u
se
.
0
.
1
6
[
6
0
]
P
r
o
b
l
e
ma
t
i
c
sm
a
r
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
w
a
s
mo
s
t
st
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
sso
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
f
e
a
r
o
f
m
i
ssi
n
g
o
u
t
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
r
se
l
y
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
d
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
.
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
me
d
i
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
a
n
d
b
o
t
h
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
a
n
d
d
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
.
0
.
0
7
7
[
6
1
]
D
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
y
o
n
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
mo
b
i
l
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s c
a
n
l
e
a
d
t
o
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
a
b
se
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
.
0
.
0
7
8
[
6
2
]
Th
e
st
u
d
y
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s a
d
a
p
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
sh
o
r
t
v
e
r
si
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
mart
p
h
o
n
e
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
S
c
a
l
e
(
S
A
S
-
S
V
)
i
n
t
o
b
o
t
h
S
p
a
n
i
sh
a
n
d
F
r
e
n
c
h
.
0
.
0
6
9
[
6
3
]
C
e
l
l
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
a
n
d
t
e
x
t
i
n
g
w
e
r
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
h
a
v
e
a
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
w
i
t
h
G
P
A
a
n
d
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
w
i
t
h
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
.
0
.
0
6
10
[
5
]
Th
e
se
v
e
r
i
t
y
o
f
p
r
o
b
l
e
mat
i
c
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
(
P
S
U
)
w
a
s re
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
sp
e
n
t
o
n
scre
e
n
t
i
me
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
t
o
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
p
h
o
n
e
scre
e
n
u
n
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
e
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
o
f
d
e
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
w
a
s
n
o
t
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
s
c
r
e
e
n
t
i
me
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
b
u
t
w
a
s
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
p
h
o
n
e
s
c
r
e
e
n
u
n
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
.
0
.
0
5
3
.
6
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
c
o
-
o
cc
urring
k
ey
w
o
rds
W
e
co
n
d
u
cted
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
k
ey
wo
r
d
an
al
y
s
is
u
s
in
g
C
ite
Sp
ac
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
.
W
e
p
r
u
n
ed
th
e
m
ap
an
d
co
m
b
in
ed
te
r
m
s
with
s
im
ilar
m
ea
n
in
g
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
clar
ity
.
W
ith
4
7
1
n
o
d
es
an
d
7
8
5
lin
k
a
g
es,
we
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
k
ey
wo
r
d
n
etwo
r
k
m
a
p
.
L
ar
g
e
r
n
o
d
es
in
d
icate
h
i
g
h
er
k
ey
w
o
r
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
6
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
o
l
co
lo
r
s
in
d
icate
ea
r
lier
a
p
p
ea
r
an
ce
,
war
m
co
lo
r
s
d
en
o
te
r
ec
en
t
e
m
er
g
en
ce
,
an
d
a
t
h
ick
p
u
r
p
le
b
o
r
d
er
s
ig
n
if
ies
h
ig
h
er
ce
n
tr
ality
.
An
ar
ticle's
m
ain
ab
s
tr
ac
t
is
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
its
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
,
wh
ich
m
ay
also
s
er
v
e
as
a
re
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
p
o
p
u
la
r
s
u
b
jects.
Gr
ea
ter
in
f
lu
en
ce
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
ter
m
s
with
h
ig
h
ce
n
t
r
ality
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
MPA.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
MPA,
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
with
h
ig
h
ce
n
tr
ality
in
d
icate
a
m
o
r
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial in
f
lu
e
n
c
e.
A
p
a
r
t
f
r
o
m
"
m
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
ad
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
"
a
n
d
"
c
o
l
le
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
,
"
o
t
h
e
r
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
o
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
g
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
"
i
n
t
e
r
n
et
a
d
d
i
c
ti
o
n
"
(
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
2
8
5
)
,
"
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
"
(
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
2
5
7
)
,
"
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
"
(
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
2
5
0
)
,
a
n
d
"
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
"
(
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
2
3
9
)
.
H
i
g
h
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
ly
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
"
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
u
s
e
"
(
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
0
.
3
1
)
,
"
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
"
(
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
0
.
2
9
)
,
"
F
a
c
e
b
o
o
k
"
(
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
it
y
0
.
2
3
)
,
a
n
d
"
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
"
(
c
e
n
t
r
a
li
t
y
0
.
2
2
)
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
a
t
i
g
h
t
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
a
n
d
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
R
es
ea
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
r
e
a
ls
o
i
n
t
e
r
es
t
e
d
i
n
it
s
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
wi
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
n
et
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
u
s
e
.
V
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d
s
ca
l
es
a
r
e
b
e
i
n
g
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
ed
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
MP
A
m
o
r
e
s
y
s
t
em
a
t
i
c
a
ll
y
.
T
ab
le
6
.
T
o
p
1
0
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
in
t
h
e
lis
t b
y
co
-
citatio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
/cen
tr
ality
R
a
n
k
R
a
n
k
e
d
b
y
c
o
-
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
R
a
n
k
e
d
b
y
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
t
y
1
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
5
6
2
A
l
c
o
h
o
l
u
s
e
0
.
3
1
2
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
4
2
5
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
0
.
2
9
3
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
2
8
5
F
a
c
e
b
o
o
k
0
.
2
3
4
A
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
2
5
7
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
0
.
2
2
5
D
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
2
5
0
D
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
0
.
1
9
6
A
n
x
i
e
t
y
2
3
9
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
0
.
1
5
7
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
2
2
6
G
a
me
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
0
.
1
5
8
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
1
6
5
A
d
j
u
st
m
e
n
t
0
.
1
5
9
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
u
se
1
2
4
C
e
l
l
p
h
o
n
e
s
0
.
1
5
10
S
t
r
e
ss
1
1
0
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
t
y
0
.
1
4
3
.
7
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
k
ey
wo
rd
clu
s
t
er
s
I
n
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
,
we
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
L
o
g
-
L
ik
elih
o
o
d
R
ate
(
L
L
R
)
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
in
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
r
e
l
i
es
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
i
t
y
,
d
i
s
s
i
m
il
a
r
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
a
f
f
i
n
it
y
o
f
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
,
d
i
v
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
i
n
t
o
r
e
l
at
i
v
e
l
y
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
.
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
n
a
m
es
w
e
r
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
ta
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
d
i
n
a
cl
u
s
te
r
wi
t
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
L
L
R
s
c
o
r
e
a
n
d
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
n
g
cl
u
s
t
e
r
l
a
b
e
ls
f
r
o
m
a
b
s
t
r
a
ct
s
,
t
i
tl
e
s
,
o
r
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
.
S
il
h
o
u
e
t
t
e
a
n
d
M
o
d
u
l
a
r
i
t
y
Q
a
r
e
t
w
o
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
m
e
t
r
ic
s
f
o
r
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
'
s
m
o
d
u
l
a
r
i
t
y
i
s
d
e
n
o
t
e
d
b
y
M
o
d
u
l
a
r
i
t
y
Q
,
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
s
v
a
l
u
e
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
0
a
n
d
1
.
B
e
t
t
e
r
c
lu
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
a
n
d
a
m
o
r
e
d
i
s
t
i
n
c
t
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
i
n
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
a
r
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
te
d
b
y
la
r
g
e
r
v
a
l
u
e
s
.
Q
>
0
.
3
i
n
d
i
ca
t
es
th
a
t
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
[
6
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
l
h
o
u
e
tt
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
a
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
1
,
d
e
p
i
c
t
s
t
h
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
'
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
a
n
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
e
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
A
h
i
g
h
e
r
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
d
i
c
at
e
s
c
l
o
s
e
r
co
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
tw
e
e
n
n
o
d
e
s
w
ith
i
n
t
h
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
.
S
>
0
.
7
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
es
c
o
n
v
i
n
c
i
n
g
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
,
w
h
i
l
e
S>
0
.
5
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
es
r
e
as
o
n
a
b
l
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
[
6
5
]
.
W
e
c
r
e
at
e
d
2
0
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
i
n
t
o
ta
l
f
o
r
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
,
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
1
0
t
h
a
t
w
e
c
o
l
o
r
e
d
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
y
.
T
h
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
a
r
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
e
l
l
i
n
g
,
a
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
b
y
a
Q
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
0
.
7
5
6
a
n
d
t
h
e
S
i
l
h
o
u
e
t
t
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
0
.
8
7
4
5
.
T
a
b
l
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
t
o
g
et
h
e
r
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
te
r
m
s
t
h
e
y
i
n
c
lu
d
e
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
t
h
r
ee
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
6
0
3
-
6
2
1
610
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
"
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
al
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
"
,
"s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
ia
"
a
n
d
"
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
"
.
T
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
"
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
el
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
"
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
es
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
e
m
p
h
a
s
is
o
n
e
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
M
P
A
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
e
ll
-
b
e
i
n
g
[
4
7
]
,
[
6
6
]
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
-
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
,
"
S
o
c
ia
l
M
e
d
ia
,
"
t
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
r
e
c
e
n
t
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
o
c
i
al
m
ed
i
a
u
s
e
a
n
d
M
P
A
[
6
7
]
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
a
ca
d
e
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
th
[
6
8
]
–
[
7
0
]
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
-
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
,
"
P
h
y
s
i
c
al
E
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
,
"
is
a
s
s
o
c
i
at
e
d
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
d
i
c
a
ti
n
g
t
h
a
t
p
h
y
s
ic
a
l
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
l
y
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
p
r
e
d
i
c
ts
t
h
e
t
e
n
d
e
n
c
y
o
f
M
P
A
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
i
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
h
y
s
i
c
al
e
x
e
r
c
is
e
a
n
d
M
P
A
is
e
n
t
i
r
el
y
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
d
b
y
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
r
esi
l
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
s
el
f
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
[
1
4
]
,
[
7
1
]
.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
,
t
h
e
t
o
p
t
e
n
cl
u
s
te
r
s
i
n
d
i
c
at
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
is
d
e
d
i
c
at
e
d
t
o
d
es
c
r
i
b
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
io
n
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
MP
A
a
n
d
m
e
n
t
al
h
e
a
lt
h
,
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
al
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
ll
y
,
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
l
a
t
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
r
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
M
PA
.
3
.
8
.
A
t
im
eline
persp
ec
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
C
i
te
S
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
w
as
u
ti
l
i
ze
d
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
t
i
m
el
i
n
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
o
v
e
r
t
i
m
e
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
t
i
m
el
i
n
e
v
i
ew
.
Va
r
i
o
u
s
co
l
o
r
s
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
t
o
d
i
s
t
i
n
ct
cl
u
s
te
r
s
.
O
v
e
r
a
ll
,
as
F
ig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
,
t
h
e
r
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
an
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
o
f
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
l
ast
t
e
n
y
e
a
r
s
,
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
MPA
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
i
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
a
r
e
a
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
c
a
d
e
,
C
l
u
s
te
r
s
0
,
1
,
a
n
d
2
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
l
y
h
a
d
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
e
r
m
s
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
cs
w
e
r
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
in
t
e
r
e
s
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
MPA
a
n
d
s
o
c
ia
l
m
e
d
i
a
,
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
,
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
w
ith
i
n
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
#
0
(
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
ic
a
l
w
e
ll
-
b
e
i
n
g
)
,
#
5
(
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
)
,
a
n
d
#
8
(
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
)
w
e
r
e
i
n
i
t
i
al
l
y
s
p
a
r
s
e
i
n
2
0
1
3
b
u
t
h
a
v
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
e
x
p
l
o
s
i
v
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
i
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
r
s
,
i
n
d
ic
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
c
r
e
ase
d
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
l
y
a
tt
e
n
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
es
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
.
F
r
o
m
a
t
i
m
el
i
n
e
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
i
t
i
s
n
o
t
a
b
l
e
t
h
a
t
i
n
2
0
2
3
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
m
a
n
y
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
e
s
t
e
e
m
,
c
h
a
i
n
m
e
d
i
a
ti
o
n
,
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
e
c
o
l
o
g
ic
a
l
r
is
k
.
All
t
h
e
s
e
is
s
u
es
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
M
P
A
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
M
a
p
o
f
c
o
-
o
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
g
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
3
.
9
.
K
ey
wo
rds
wit
h c
it
a
t
io
n
bu
rst
T
h
e
b
u
r
s
t
s
o
f
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
w
e
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
u
s
i
n
g
C
i
t
eS
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
.
K
l
e
i
n
b
e
r
g
'
s
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
t
h
e
b
a
s
i
s
f
o
r
b
u
r
s
t
d
e
t
e
ct
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
c
h
h
el
p
s
to
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
s
e
e
n
s
p
i
k
es
i
n
a
ct
i
v
it
y
a
n
d
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
f
l
o
w
[
7
2
]
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
b
u
r
s
t
i
n
e
s
s
c
a
n
i
ll
u
s
t
r
at
e
t
h
e
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
t
r
e
n
d
s
o
f
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
ti
m
e
i
n
te
r
v
a
l
s
,
ai
d
i
n
g
i
n
a
d
e
e
p
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
h
i
s
t
o
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
h
o
t
s
p
o
ts
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
3
3
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
t
b
u
r
s
ts
.
T
h
e
r
e
d
l
i
n
e
d
e
n
o
t
e
s
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
b
u
r
s
t
i
n
e
s
s
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
b
l
u
e
l
i
n
e
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
in
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
[
7
3
]
.
A
s
d
e
p
i
ct
e
d
i
n
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
,
t
h
e
s
e
h
o
t
s
p
o
ts
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
i
n
t
h
r
e
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f res
ea
r
ch
tr
en
d
s
in
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
ictio
n
…
(
R
u
ifen
g
Wa
n
g
)
611
s
t
a
g
es
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
a
g
e
,
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
t
o
2
0
1
5
,
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
i
s
s
u
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
m
o
b
il
e
p
h
o
n
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
,
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
i
n
t
er
n
e
t
u
s
e
,
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
it
y
t
r
a
i
ts
,
s
e
l
f
-
e
s
te
e
m
,
i
m
p
u
l
s
i
v
i
t
y
,
g
e
n
d
e
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
.
F
r
o
m
2
0
1
6
t
o
2
0
2
0
,
t
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
ic
s
o
f
M
PA
a
n
d
i
ts
a
s
s
o
ci
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
u
s
e
,
s
o
c
i
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
,
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
c
a
m
e
t
h
e
h
o
t
s
p
o
t
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
p
e
r
i
o
d
.
T
h
e
l
a
t
es
t
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
em
e
r
g
e
i
n
2
0
2
1
t
o
2
0
2
3
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
,
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
s
t
r
ai
n
t
h
e
o
r
y
,
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
d
d
i
c
ti
o
n
t
o
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
ed
i
a
a
r
e
e
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
as
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
t
s
u
b
j
e
ct
s
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
M
PA
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
m
ap
T
ab
le
7
.
Key
wo
r
d
clu
s
ter
s
to
g
eth
er
with
th
e
ter
m
s
th
ey
in
clu
d
e
C
l
u
st
e
r
La
b
e
l
S
i
z
e
S
i
l
h
o
u
e
t
t
e
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
(
l
o
g
-
l
i
k
e
l
i
h
o
o
d
r
a
t
i
o
,
p
-
l
e
v
e
l
)
0
P
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
38
0
.
7
7
8
P
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
(
1
7
.
6
9
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
(
1
1
.
1
4
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
f
e
a
r
o
f
mi
ss
i
n
g
o
u
t
(
1
0
.
5
6
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
s
e
l
f
-
e
s
t
e
e
m (1
0
.
4
4
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
e
mo
t
i
o
n
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
8
.
7
7
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
1
S
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
38
0
.
9
2
S
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
(
9
.
6
2
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
a
me
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
(
8
.
1
5
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
(
8
.
1
5
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
f
e
a
r
o
f
m
i
ssi
n
g
o
u
t
(
f
o
mo
)
(
7
.
7
5
,
0
.
0
1
)
;
b
o
r
e
d
o
m
p
r
o
n
e
n
e
ss (7
.
1
9
,
0
.
0
1
)
2
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
e
x
e
r
c
i
se
34
0
.
8
2
9
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
e
x
e
r
c
i
se
(
1
7
.
1
1
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
(
1
4
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
mo
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
1
3
.
1
6
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
sm
a
r
t
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
1
3
.
0
7
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
b
u
r
n
o
u
t
(
1
1
.
7
9
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
3
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
33
0
.
8
7
6
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
(
2
2
.
2
8
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
se
l
f
-
e
st
e
e
m
(
1
1
.
4
4
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
t
u
r
k
e
y
(
9
.
9
4
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
mark
e
t
i
n
g
(
9
.
9
4
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
8
.
6
3
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
4
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
31
0
.
9
6
4
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
(
2
6
.
1
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
a
n
d
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
(
1
5
.
8
6
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
b
r
i
d
g
e
n
o
d
e
(
1
5
.
8
6
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
h
e
a
l
t
h
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
1
5
.
8
6
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
m
o
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
(
e
ma) (
1
5
.
8
6
,
1
.
0
E
-
4)
5
M
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
31
0
.
8
7
6
M
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
(
8
.
8
6
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
mh
e
a
l
t
h
(
8
.
0
9
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
l
e
(
8
.
0
9
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
p
r
o
b
l
e
ma
t
i
c
sm
a
r
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
se
(
7
.
1
3
,
0
.
0
1
)
;
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
(
6
.
9
8
,
0
.
0
1
)
6
P
r
o
b
l
e
ma
t
i
c
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
se
31
0
.
8
5
5
P
r
o
b
l
e
ma
t
i
c
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
se
(
1
1
.
3
4
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
1
0
.
2
6
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
st
u
d
e
n
t
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
e
(
9
.
5
5
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
(
9
.
5
5
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
;
c
e
l
l
p
h
o
n
e
u
se
(
7
.
7
1
,
0
.
0
1
)
7
L
a
t
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
30
0
.
8
3
7
La
t
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
1
5
.
3
8
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
e
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
m
o
me
n
t
a
r
y
a
ssess
men
t
(
1
4
.
7
4
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
(
1
3
.
2
2
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
g
a
mi
n
g
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
1
1
.
7
3
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
;
c
h
i
n
e
se
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
st
u
d
e
n
t
s (
1
0
.
6
9
,
0
.
0
0
5
)
8
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
27
0
.
8
5
1
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
2
1
.
7
5
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
7
.
7
8
,
0
.
0
1
)
;
e
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
a
d
u
l
t
h
o
o
d
(
7
.
3
4
,
0
.
0
1
)
;
b
u
r
n
o
u
t
(
7
.
3
4
,
0
.
0
1
)
;
s
e
d
e
n
t
a
r
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
(
7
.
3
4
,
0
.
0
1
)
9
S
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
26
0
.
9
0
7
S
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
2
4
.
6
9
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
g
a
mi
n
g
d
i
s
o
r
d
e
r
(
2
2
.
7
4
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
so
c
i
a
l
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
(
1
8
.
7
7
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
a
t
t
a
c
h
me
n
t
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
(
1
5
.
4
2
,
1
.
0
E
-
4
)
;
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
(
1
0
.
8
4
,
0
.
0
0
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
6
0
3
-
6
2
1
612
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
i
m
e
li
n
e
v
i
s
u
al
i
z
at
i
o
n
o
f
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
u
t
i
l
iz
e
d
C
it
e
S
p
a
c
e
6
.
2
.
R
6
f
o
r
b
i
b
l
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
'
M
P
A
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
p
as
t
d
e
ca
d
e
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
ci
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ti
n
g
t
a
b
l
es
a
n
d
m
a
p
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
c
l
e
a
r
e
r
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
a
b
l
e
d
e
p
i
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
i
e
r
s
,
s
t
a
t
u
s
,
a
n
d
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
h
o
t
s
p
o
ts
.
O
v
e
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
c
e
d
i
n
g
d
e
c
a
d
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
r
i
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
d
d
r
es
s
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
s
u
b
j
e
ct
,
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
m
o
r
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
r
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
a
n
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
t
o
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
M
PA
am
o
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ti
e
s
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
al
i
n
s
t
it
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
,
US
,
U
K
,
a
n
d
A
u
s
t
r
a
l
ia
h
a
v
e
d
e
l
v
e
d
m
o
s
t
d
e
e
p
l
y
i
n
t
o
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
t
h
i
s
f
ie
l
d
,
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
r
t
i
cl
e
s
a
n
d
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
e
a
t
e
s
t
i
m
p
a
c
t
.
M
a
r
k
D
.
G
r
i
f
f
ith
s
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
l
i
f
i
c
a
u
t
h
o
r
,
h
a
v
i
n
g
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
3
3
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
.
W
h
il
e
s
t
a
b
le
c
o
ll
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
t
o
p
1
5
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
G
r
i
f
f
i
t
h
s
,
M
a
r
k
D
.
,
L
i
n
,
C
h
u
n
g
-
Y
i
n
g
,
P
a
k
p
o
u
r
,
A
m
i
r
H
.
,
E
l
h
a
i
,
J
o
n
D
.
,
R
o
z
g
o
n
j
u
k
,
D
m
i
t
r
i
,
L
e
v
i
n
e
,
J
as
o
n
C
.
,
a
n
d
H
a
l
l Ja
s
o
n
C
.
,
t
h
e
y
a
ls
o
c
o
ll
a
b
o
r
a
t
e
c
l
o
s
el
y
.
C
o
ll
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
ls
b
e
tw
e
e
n
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
r
e
l
at
i
v
e
l
y
lo
w
.
G
r
i
f
f
it
h
s
h
a
s
a
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
it
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
0
.
0
1
,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
a
s
ca
r
c
i
t
y
o
f
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
ta
t
iv
e
o
r
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
s
i
n
th
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
M
PA
.
T
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
ly
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
w
e
r
e
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
i
n
p
s
y
c
h
i
a
t
r
i
c
,
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
,
o
r
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
s
.
C
o
m
p
u
t
er
s
I
n
H
u
m
a
n
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
v
e
r
s
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
u
s
a
g
e
i
n
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
p
s
y
c
h
i
a
t
r
y
,
a
n
d
a
l
l
ie
d
f
i
e
l
d
s
,
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
e
n
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
d
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
.
M
o
s
t
s
t
u
d
i
es
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
ct
er
i
s
t
ic
s
o
f
MP
A
,
i
ts
a
s
s
o
ci
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
it
h
p
s
y
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
s
s
u
es
,
a
s
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
as
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
o
f
M
PA
.
F
u
t
u
r
e
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
w
i
ll
li
k
e
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
i
n
te
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
en
t
s
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
m
e
asu
r
e
s
f
o
r
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
M
P
A
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
al
l
y
,
e
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s
b
et
we
e
n
M
PA
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
h
e
a
l
t
h
-
r
e
la
t
e
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
s
u
ch
a
s
s
o
ci
a
l
m
e
d
ia
u
s
e
,
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
a
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
c
al
e
x
e
r
c
is
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
u
r
s
u
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
r
e
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
s
t
u
d
i
es
.
4
.
1
.
Co
o
pera
t
io
n is
nece
s
s
a
ry
R
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
MPA
am
o
n
g
co
lle
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
a
h
ig
h
ly
u
n
eq
u
al
m
an
n
er
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ef
f
o
r
ts
m
ad
e
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
au
th
o
r
s
a
n
d
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
C
h
in
a
an
d
th
e
US
ar
e
at
th
e
f
o
r
ef
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
is
f
ield
'
s
s
tu
d
y
;
th
e
US,
C
h
in
a,
an
d
th
e
UK
ar
e
r
an
k
e
d
in
th
e
to
p
t
h
r
ee
f
o
r
ce
n
tr
ality
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
ei
r
m
ajo
r
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
.
C
h
in
a
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
to
p
f
iv
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
US
an
d
th
e
UK.
I
t
s
ee
m
s
th
at
ju
s
t
a
tin
y
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
ar
ticle
s
in
th
is
to
p
ic
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies.
W
e
h
o
p
e
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
ll
ab
o
r
atio
n
am
o
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
th
is
f
ield
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
.
W
ith
in
th
e
co
-
au
th
o
r
s
n
etwo
r
k
,
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
estab
lis
h
ed
d
iv
er
s
e
co
o
p
e
r
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
with
th
e
m
ajo
r
it
y
o
f
th
ese
n
etwo
r
k
s
b
ein
g
lim
ited
to
s
m
all
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
au
th
o
r
,
Ma
r
k
D.
Gr
if
f
ith
s
,
lin
k
s
th
r
ee
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
f
co
o
p
er
atio
n
,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
at
a
u
th
o
r
s
ca
n
p
u
b
lis
h
m
o
r
e
ar
ti
cles
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
ex
p
an
d
au
th
o
r
s
'
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
d
elv
e
d
ee
p
er
in
t
o
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
M
PA,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
is
way
,
r
esear
ch
liter
atu
r
e
will
h
av
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
g
lo
b
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.