I
AE
S In
t
er
na
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Ro
bo
t
ics a
nd
Aut
o
m
a
t
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n
(
I
J
RA)
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
,
p
p
.
74
~
81
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jr
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.
v
1
4
i
1
.
pp
74
-
81
74
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ttp
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Desig
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sa
turatio
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hea
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v
a
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bility, a
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surem
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Yehez
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hy
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2
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2
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Th
is
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th
e
d
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sig
n
a
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d
d
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a
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ls.
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a
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lt
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it
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g
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ti
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n
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o
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d
e
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t
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se
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rd
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m
(ECG
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se
n
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r
fo
r
c
a
p
tu
rin
g
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d
a
ta,
a
n
d
a
n
o
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in
v
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siv
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se
n
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fo
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re
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lar
b
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d
g
l
u
c
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se
m
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it
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ll
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g
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y
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u
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m
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tr
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d
d
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ime
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ra
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k
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a
lt
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m
e
tr
ic
s.
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h
e
d
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v
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c
e
'
s
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rm
a
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wa
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ig
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rd
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n
m
e
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su
r
in
g
th
e
targ
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ted
h
e
a
lt
h
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
.
Th
is
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
so
l
u
ti
o
n
a
ims
to
e
n
h
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n
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it
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s.
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e
a
ffo
rd
a
b
i
li
ty
a
n
d
e
a
se
o
f
u
se
m
a
k
e
th
is
d
e
v
ice
a
c
c
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ss
ib
le
to
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wid
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p
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p
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lati
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imp
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h
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a
lt
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tco
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s.
F
u
t
u
re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
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n
ts
will
fo
c
u
s
o
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re
fi
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g
se
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o
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ra
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n
d
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p
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in
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th
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d
e
v
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'
s c
a
p
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b
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s to
m
o
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it
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d
d
it
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a
l
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a
lt
h
m
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rics
.
K
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w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
d
u
in
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-
b
ased
B
ea
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p
er
m
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te
E
lectr
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ca
r
d
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g
r
am
Hea
r
t r
ate
v
ar
iab
ilit
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Po
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tab
le
m
ed
ical
d
ev
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Sp
O
2
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
So
n
i Pr
ay
o
g
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Per
tam
in
a
Un
i
v
e
r
s
ity
J
ak
ar
ta
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
s
o
n
i.p
r
ay
o
g
i@
u
n
iv
er
s
itas
p
er
tam
in
a.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
ap
id
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
in
p
o
r
tab
le
m
ed
ical
d
ev
ices
h
as
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tly
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
with
en
h
an
ce
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
h
ea
lth
ass
ess
m
en
t
[
1
]
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
v
ital
h
ea
lth
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
h
ea
r
t
r
at
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
(
HR
V)
,
an
d
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
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c
h
r
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n
ic
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
v
er
all
well
-
b
ein
g
[
2
]
.
Ox
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
lev
els
in
d
icate
th
e
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
o
f
o
x
y
g
en
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
in
th
e
b
lo
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d
s
tr
ea
m
,
a
v
ital
m
etr
ic
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
an
d
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
h
ea
lth
[
3
]
.
HR
V
r
ef
lects
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
tim
e
in
ter
v
als
b
etwe
en
h
ea
r
tb
ea
ts
,
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ar
k
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f
o
r
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t
o
n
o
m
ic
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er
v
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s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
h
ea
lth
[
4
]
.
B
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
d
iab
etes,
a
co
n
d
itio
n
af
f
ec
tin
g
m
illi
o
n
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e
[
5
]
.
T
r
ad
i
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
ten
in
v
o
lv
e
m
u
ltip
le
d
ev
ices,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
cu
m
b
er
s
o
m
e
an
d
less
ef
f
icien
t,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
u
ts
id
e
clin
ical
s
ettin
g
s
[
6
]
.
R
ec
en
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
latf
o
r
m
s
lik
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
h
av
e
p
av
ed
th
e
way
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
th
ese
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
in
to
a
s
in
g
le,
p
o
r
tab
le,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
Desig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
men
t
o
f a
n
A
r
d
u
in
o
-
b
a
s
ed
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xy
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en
s
a
tu
r
a
tio
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,
h
ea
r
t ra
te
va
r
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b
ili
ty
…
(
Yeh
ezkiel
P
.
P
u
tr
a
)
75
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ev
ice
[
7
]
.
Ar
d
u
in
o
o
f
f
er
s
a
v
er
s
atile,
lo
w
-
co
s
t,
an
d
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f
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th
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less
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teg
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s
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s
o
r
s
an
d
p
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o
ce
s
s
d
ata
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
m
ak
es
it
a
n
id
ea
l
ch
o
ice
f
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d
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co
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alth
m
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tem
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th
at
ar
e
b
o
th
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
r
eliab
le
[
9
]
.
B
y
lev
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ag
i
n
g
Ar
d
u
in
o
'
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
esig
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a
d
ev
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th
at
n
o
t
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ly
p
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o
v
id
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ate
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d
in
g
s
o
f
o
x
y
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en
s
atu
r
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n
,
HR
V,
an
d
b
l
o
o
d
g
lu
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s
e
lev
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u
t
also
e
n
h
a
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ce
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th
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co
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v
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d
ac
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o
te
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r
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lim
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s
ett
in
g
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
Ar
d
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in
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-
b
ased
d
e
v
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f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
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,
HR
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an
d
b
lo
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d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
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ad
d
r
ess
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s
ev
er
al
cr
itical
n
ee
d
s
in
m
o
d
er
n
h
e
alth
ca
r
e
[
1
1
]
.
Firstl
y
,
it
em
p
o
wer
s
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
tak
e
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
r
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le
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m
a
n
a
g
in
g
th
eir
h
ea
lth
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
h
ea
lt
h
m
etr
ics
o
v
er
tim
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
is
esp
ec
ially
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
p
atien
ts
with
ch
r
o
n
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
ch
r
o
n
ic
o
b
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
p
u
lm
o
n
a
r
y
d
is
ea
s
e
(
C
OPD)
,
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
d
is
ea
s
es,
an
d
d
iab
etes,
wh
er
e
r
eg
u
lar
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
ca
n
lead
to
b
etter
d
is
ea
s
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
e
s
[
1
3
]
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
in
r
e
m
o
te
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
lim
ited
s
ettin
g
s
,
ac
ce
s
s
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
an
d
r
eg
u
lar
m
ed
ical
ch
ec
k
-
u
p
s
ca
n
b
e
ch
all
en
g
in
g
.
A
p
o
r
tab
le
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ev
ice
ca
n
b
r
id
g
e
th
is
g
ap
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
tim
ely
m
ed
ical
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
eliv
er
y
an
d
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
b
u
r
d
en
o
n
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
s
u
ch
a
d
e
v
ice
h
as
b
ee
n
f
u
r
th
e
r
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic,
w
h
ich
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
r
em
o
te
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
t
o
m
in
i
m
ize
h
o
s
p
ital
v
is
its
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
v
ir
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
h
as
ac
ce
ler
ated
th
e
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
telem
ed
icin
e
an
d
r
em
o
te
p
atien
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
1
6
]
.
Dev
ices
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
r
eliab
le
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
v
ital
s
ig
n
s
ar
e
n
o
w
m
o
r
e
cr
u
cial
th
an
ev
e
r
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
ased
d
ev
ice
alig
n
s
p
er
f
ec
tly
with
th
is
n
ee
d
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
p
atien
ts
an
d
h
e
alth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
[
1
8
]
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
m
u
ltip
le
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
d
ev
ice,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
en
h
an
ce
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
ts
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
d
esig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
an
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
ased
d
e
v
ice
th
at
ac
cu
r
ately
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
HR
V,
an
d
b
l
o
o
d
g
l
u
co
s
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
c
r
ea
te
an
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le,
p
o
r
tab
le,
an
d
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
r
em
o
te
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
e
d
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
es
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
p
h
ases
:
s
elec
tin
g
an
d
in
teg
r
atin
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
o
f
twar
e
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
d
is
p
lay
,
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
d
e
v
ice'
s
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
test
in
g
.
B
y
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
ese
o
b
jec
tiv
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
,
t
h
er
eb
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ea
lth
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
en
c
o
m
p
ass
es
b
o
th
th
e
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tica
l
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
e
v
ice
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
2
0
]
.
On
th
e
te
ch
n
ical
s
id
e,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
with
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es
s
elec
tin
g
co
m
p
atib
le
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
d
at
a
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
a
n
d
d
esig
n
in
g
an
in
tu
itiv
e
u
s
er
in
te
r
f
ac
e.
Pra
ctica
lly
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
d
ev
ice'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
b
o
th
co
n
tr
o
lled
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ettin
g
s
,
co
m
p
ar
in
g
its
r
ea
d
in
g
s
with
th
o
s
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
ed
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
is
d
ev
ice
c
o
u
ld
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
ize
p
er
s
o
n
al
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
e
n
ef
its
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ea
lth
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
b
r
o
ad
e
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
ati
o
n
,
HR
V,
an
d
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els
in
v
o
lv
ed
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
.
I
n
itially
,
s
u
itab
le
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
s
elec
t
ed
f
o
r
ea
c
h
p
ar
am
eter
:
a
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
eter
s
en
s
o
r
(
MA
X3
0
1
0
2
)
f
o
r
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate,
an
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
a
m
s
en
s
o
r
(
AD8
2
3
2
)
f
o
r
HR
V,
an
d
a
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
g
lu
c
o
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
er
v
e
d
as
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
d
u
e
to
its
v
er
s
atility
,
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
.
E
ac
h
s
en
s
o
r
was
in
ter
f
ac
ed
w
ith
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
u
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lib
r
ar
ies
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
(
E
SP
3
2
)
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
ata
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
an
with
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
s
etu
p
,
wh
er
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
a
r
d
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
to
av
o
id
s
ig
n
al
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Af
ter
estab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
we
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
C
u
s
to
m
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
r
aw
d
ata
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
en
s
o
r
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
eter
,
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
(
Sp
O
2
)
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
s
ig
n
als
[
2
1
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
am
(
E
C
G
)
s
en
s
o
r
,
HR
V
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
a
n
aly
zin
g
t
h
e
tim
e
in
ter
v
als
b
etwe
en
R
-
p
ea
k
s
in
th
e
E
C
G
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
non
-
in
v
asiv
e
g
lu
co
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
ed
c
alib
r
atio
n
a
n
d
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
co
r
r
elate
s
en
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
s
with
b
lo
o
d
g
l
u
co
s
e
lev
els
ac
cu
r
ately
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ata
wer
e
t
h
en
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
an
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itted
wir
eless
ly
to
a
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licat
io
n
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
d
e
v
ice,
a
s
er
ies
o
f
test
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
b
o
th
co
n
tr
o
lled
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
s
ett
in
g
s
an
d
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
en
v
ir
o
n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
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[
2
6
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.
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[
2
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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6
Desig
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[
2
8
]
.
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ality
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
r
o
p
er
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
an
d
p
h
o
t
o
d
io
d
es,
as
well
as
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lig
h
t
wav
elen
g
th
s
,
is
ess
en
tial
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
o
u
tin
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
an
d
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
ar
e
also
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
ain
tain
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
v
er
t
h
e
lo
n
g
ter
m
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
m
e
d
ical
d
e
v
ices,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
an
d
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
es
with
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
all
o
ws
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
ch
ea
p
,
p
o
r
tab
le,
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
eter
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
h
ea
lth
c
ar
e
in
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
s
ettin
g
s
,
b
o
th
in
h
o
s
p
itals
an
d
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
u
s
e
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
i
n
-
d
e
p
th
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
r
i
n
cip
les
o
f
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
an
d
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
es
in
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
eter
s
is
th
e
k
ey
to
ac
h
iev
in
g
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
to
o
l f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
r
eliab
le
Sp
O
2
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es a
n
d
p
h
o
to
d
i
o
d
es in
a
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
eter
I
n
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
s
tag
e
,
Ar
d
u
in
o
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
a
n
d
a
n
ap
p
lic
atio
n
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
s
in
g
M
I
T
Ap
p
I
n
v
en
to
r
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
Fire
b
ase
f
o
r
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
h
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
ated
all
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
allo
win
g
th
e
d
ev
ice
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
d
esig
n
co
n
ce
p
t.
I
n
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
d
esig
n
s
tag
e,
an
ac
r
y
lic
b
o
x
was
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
h
o
u
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
L
C
D
2
0
×
4
I
2
C
,
L
E
D,
b
u
zz
er
,
E
SP
3
2
,
b
atter
y
,
S
tep
Do
wn
L
M2
5
9
6
,
T
P5
1
0
0
ch
ar
g
er
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
MA
X3
0
1
0
2
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
d
esig
n
en
s
u
r
es
p
r
o
p
e
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
n
d
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
in
th
e
d
e
v
ice.
On
ce
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
h
a
r
d
war
e
d
esig
n
s
tag
es
wer
e
co
m
p
leted
,
th
e
d
ev
ice
u
n
d
er
we
n
t
test
in
g
to
v
er
if
y
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
esig
n
co
n
ce
p
t
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
em
p
l
o
y
s
th
e
r
e
f
lecta
n
c
e
p
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
(
PP
G)
m
eth
o
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
MA
X3
0
1
0
2
s
en
s
o
r
to
o
b
tain
d
ata
f
o
r
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
an
d
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata
is
th
en
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
p
p
licatio
n
v
ia
E
SP
3
2
an
d
s
to
r
ed
in
Fire
b
ase,
en
a
b
lin
g
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
r
etr
iev
a
l
at
an
y
tim
e
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ev
ice
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
r
ea
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
x
im
ete
r
s
an
d
ea
s
y
-
to
u
ch
d
e
v
ices to
v
ali
d
ate
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
o
n
t
h
is
to
o
l
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
aw
d
a
ta
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
in
teg
r
ate
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
v
alu
es
th
at
ar
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
le
an
d
clin
ically
u
s
ef
u
l.
First
o
f
all,
t
h
e
s
o
f
twa
r
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
b
le
to
ac
cu
r
ately
r
etr
ie
v
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
s
talled
o
n
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
T
h
ese
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
eter
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
Sp
O
2
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
H
R
V,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
al
o
g
o
r
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
als
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
a
n
aly
za
b
le
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
will
co
n
v
er
t
th
is
d
ata
in
to
r
elev
an
t
u
n
its
,
s
u
ch
as
Sp
O
2
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
f
o
r
o
x
y
g
e
n
av
ailab
ilit
y
in
th
e
b
l
o
o
d
,
HR
V
in
d
ex
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
an
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els
in
m
g
/d
L
o
r
m
m
o
l/L.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
o
f
twa
r
e
is
also
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
p
r
esen
tin
g
d
ata
v
is
u
ally
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
in
tu
itiv
e
u
s
er
in
t
er
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
in
ter
f
ac
e
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
ea
s
ily
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
g
r
ap
h
s
o
f
Sp
O
2
an
d
HR
V
v
alu
es
o
v
er
a
ce
r
tain
p
er
i
o
d
ca
n
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
u
s
er
s
tr
ac
k
th
eir
h
ea
lth
p
atter
n
s
o
v
er
tim
e
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
ca
n
al
s
o
h
av
e
f
ea
tu
r
es to
s
to
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
d
ata
i
n
an
ea
s
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
at,
eith
e
r
f
o
r
d
aily
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
r
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
an
aly
s
is
b
y
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als.
So
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
al
s
o
in
v
o
lv
es
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
c
o
m
p
lex
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
ca
lcu
late
h
ea
lth
v
alu
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
ca
lcu
latin
g
HR
V
v
alu
es
in
v
o
lv
es
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
er
io
d
s
b
etwe
en
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
h
ea
r
tb
ea
ts
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
u
s
t
b
e
o
p
tim
ized
to
o
b
tain
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
r
eliab
le
r
esu
lts
,
as
HR
V
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
h
ea
lth
o
f
th
e
h
ea
r
t
an
d
a
u
to
n
o
m
ic
n
er
v
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
i
n
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els,
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
v
alu
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
'
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
g
lu
co
s
e
i
n
th
e
b
lo
o
d
[
3
4
]
.
So
f
twar
e
v
a
lid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
also
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
ts
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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AE
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J
R
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b
&
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u
to
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1
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,
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1
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Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
74
-
81
78
co
n
s
id
er
.
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t m
u
s
t e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
ev
er
y
ca
lcu
latio
n
a
n
d
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t c
o
r
r
ec
tly
an
d
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
ea
te
d
with
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
r
e
s
u
lts
.
So
f
twar
e
test
in
g
is
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
er
e
a
r
e
n
o
b
u
g
s
o
r
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
co
u
ld
af
f
ec
t
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
[
3
5
]
.
Ov
er
all,
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
to
o
l
p
la
y
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
t
o
o
l
ca
n
m
ak
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
h
e
alth
[
3
6
]
.
W
ith
th
e
r
ig
h
t
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
well
-
d
esig
n
ed
h
a
r
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
s
o
f
twar
e,
it
is
h
o
p
ed
t
h
at
th
is
to
o
l
ca
n
h
elp
in
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
h
ea
lth
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
as
well
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
a
n
d
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
ch
r
o
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
es su
ch
as d
iab
etes a
n
d
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
a
u
to
m
atic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
I
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
to
o
l
th
at
in
clu
d
es
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
HR
V,
an
d
b
lo
o
d
s
u
g
ar
lev
els,
test
in
g
o
f
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
two
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
o
d
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
:
s
itti
n
g
an
d
s
tan
d
in
g
.
T
h
is
test
aim
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice
in
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
p
o
s
tu
r
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
ef
lectin
g
r
ea
l
-
u
s
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
clin
ical
an
d
n
o
n
-
clin
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
d
ev
ic
e
ca
n
r
ec
o
r
d
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
well
in
b
o
th
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
itti
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
E
C
G
wav
e
s
h
o
ws
a
cle
ar
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
P
wav
es,
QR
S
co
m
p
lex
es,
an
d
T
wav
es,
with
litt
le
n
o
is
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
m
in
im
i
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ig
ital
f
ilter
s
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
R
-
R
in
ter
v
als
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
ese
E
C
G
s
i
g
n
als
ar
e
s
tab
le
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
allo
win
g
ac
cu
r
ate
HR
V
an
aly
s
is
.
W
h
en
s
u
b
jects
tr
an
s
itio
n
ed
to
a
s
tan
d
in
g
p
o
s
itio
n
,
th
er
e
was
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
n
o
te
d
,
a
n
o
r
m
al
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
ch
a
n
g
es
in
p
o
s
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
E
C
G
s
ig
n
al
in
th
e
s
tan
d
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
s
till
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
am
e
wav
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
with
s
u
f
f
icien
t
clar
ity
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
is
a
s
lig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
o
is
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
m
o
tio
n
ar
tifa
cts
[
3
8
]
.
Go
o
d
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
el
p
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
ese
ar
tifa
cts,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
ata
r
em
ai
n
s
v
alid
an
d
u
s
ab
le
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
an
aly
s
is
.
Fu
r
th
er
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
in
th
e
s
itti
n
g
an
d
s
tan
d
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
s
in
clu
d
es
clin
ical
an
d
tech
n
ical
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fro
m
a
clin
ic
al
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew,
th
e
d
ev
ice'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
r
eliab
ly
r
ec
o
r
d
E
C
G
s
ig
n
als
in
a
v
ar
ie
ty
o
f
b
o
d
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
its
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
aily
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
is
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
m
ay
n
ee
d
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
h
ea
r
t
co
n
d
itio
n
d
u
r
in
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
aily
ac
tiv
ities
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ch
an
g
es
in
HR
V
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
wh
en
s
u
b
jects
tr
an
s
itio
n
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
itti
n
g
to
a
s
tan
d
in
g
p
o
s
itio
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
a
u
to
n
o
m
ic
n
er
v
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
to
p
o
s
tu
r
al
ch
an
g
es,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
icato
r
in
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
3
9
]
.
T
ec
h
n
ically
,
t
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
t
h
is
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
d
ev
ice,
with
its
s
en
s
o
r
d
esig
n
,
ca
n
h
an
d
le
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciat
ed
with
ch
an
g
es
in
b
o
d
y
p
o
s
it
io
n
th
at
u
s
u
ally
g
iv
e
r
is
e
to
m
o
v
em
en
t
ar
tifa
cts.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
d
ig
it
al
f
ilter
s
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ig
n
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
n
o
is
e
an
d
m
o
v
em
en
t
ar
tifa
cts
ar
e
m
in
im
ized
s
o
t
h
at
d
ata
q
u
ality
r
e
m
ain
s
h
ig
h
.
Valid
atio
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
is
to
o
l
with
s
tan
d
a
r
d
E
C
G
d
ev
ices
s
h
o
wed
a
s
tr
o
n
g
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
is
to
o
l
h
as
a
s
u
f
f
icien
t
lev
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
f
o
r
clin
ical
u
s
e
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
E
C
G
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
th
is
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
l
ad
d
s
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
v
alu
e,
en
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
i
n
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
p
o
s
tu
r
al
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
th
is
to
o
l
as
an
in
teg
r
ated
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
Desig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
men
t
o
f a
n
A
r
d
u
in
o
-
b
a
s
ed
o
xy
g
en
s
a
tu
r
a
tio
n
,
h
ea
r
t ra
te
va
r
ia
b
ili
ty
…
(
Yeh
ezkiel
P
.
P
u
tr
a
)
79
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
C
G
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
E
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
to
o
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
v
alid
ity
in
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
f
o
r
Sp
O
2
,
HR
V,
an
d
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
el
s
is
a
cr
u
cial
s
tag
e
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
ese
to
o
ls
in
clin
ical
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
esti
n
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
to
v
er
if
y
th
a
t
th
e
to
o
l
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
o
f
u
s
e.
First,
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
d
e
v
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
v
o
lv
es
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
test
in
g
to
test
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
'
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
test
aim
s
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
s
p
ec
if
ici
ty
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
ev
ice
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
c
h
an
g
es
in
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
an
d
h
u
m
id
ity
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
Sp
O
2
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
ch
an
g
es
in
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
o
v
e
r
v
ar
y
in
g
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
wh
ile
HR
V
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
ac
cu
r
ately
m
e
asu
r
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
with
o
u
t
b
ein
g
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
ex
ter
n
a
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
[
4
1
]
.
Nex
t,
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
was
ev
alu
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
clin
ical
test
in
g
o
n
h
u
m
an
s
u
b
jects.
T
h
is
test
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
d
ev
ice
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
with
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
eth
o
d
s
o
r
m
ed
ical
d
ev
ices
wh
o
s
e
v
alid
ity
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
e
n
[
4
2
]
.
T
est
s
u
b
jects
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
clin
ical
test
in
g
r
ep
r
esen
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
th
at
m
ay
u
s
e
th
e
d
ev
ice,
s
u
ch
as
p
atien
ts
with
ce
r
tain
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
r
h
ea
lth
y
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
as
co
n
tr
o
ls
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
test
is
an
aly
ze
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
c
o
n
co
r
d
an
ce
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
to
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
r
esu
lts
an
d
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
m
eth
o
d
,
as
well
as
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
to
o
l'
s
r
e
liab
ilit
y
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
to
o
l'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
th
e
v
alid
ity
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t
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o
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r
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ap
p
licatio
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s
[
4
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.
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u
r
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p
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r
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er
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r
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o
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th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
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m
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
t
h
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d
ev
elo
p
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ased
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r
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o
n
,
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V,
an
d
b
lo
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s
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v
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as
b
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cc
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lly
ca
r
r
ied
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t
wi
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s
atis
f
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to
r
y
r
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.
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h
e
d
ev
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d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
ab
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y
t
o
m
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u
r
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im
p
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t
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t
h
ea
lth
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
with
h
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g
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
u
tili
zin
g
m
o
d
er
n
s
en
s
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
teg
r
ated
with
t
h
e
f
lex
i
b
le
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
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Ar
d
u
in
o
p
latf
o
r
m
.
E
lectr
o
ch
em
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test
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
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co
s
e
s
en
s
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s
h
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ate
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r
elev
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t
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n
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r
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g
e,
wh
ile
th
e
E
C
G
m
o
d
u
le
u
s
ed
m
an
ag
ed
to
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ec
o
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d
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C
G
s
ig
n
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ls
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ly
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itti
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s
tan
d
in
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p
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s
itio
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s
.
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V
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s
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m
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ased
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C
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d
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m
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h
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r
t
h
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l
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d
itio
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s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
th
is
to
o
l
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
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n
ito
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o
f
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r
d
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ascu
lar
co
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itio
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s
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all,
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to
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f
f
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s
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f
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m
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d
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T
h
e
in
teg
r
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o
f
v
a
r
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ito
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im
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ltan
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ly
b
u
t
also
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r
o
v
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m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
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d
in
te
g
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ated
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ata
th
at
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b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
i
n
-
d
ep
th
a
n
aly
s
is
.
Giv
en
th
e
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el
ativ
ely
lo
w
co
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t
an
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s
e
o
f
u
s
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f
er
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b
y
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h
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Ar
d
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o
p
latf
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r
m
,
th
is
to
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l
h
as
g
r
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t
p
o
ten
tial
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wid
esp
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th
e
co
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tex
t
o
f
h
o
m
e
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elf
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h
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m
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ito
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T
h
is
in
n
o
v
atio
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ca
n
co
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tr
i
b
u
te
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
life
f
o
r
p
atien
ts
with
ch
r
o
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ic
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d
itio
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s
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u
ch
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DG
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3
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5
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[
3
6
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[
3
7
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[
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8
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