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CC B
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C
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1.
I
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D
UCT
I
O
N
Hig
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way
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d
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ar
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cr
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p
o
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e
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ts
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astru
ctu
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at
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s
ea
m
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ac
ce
s
s
f
o
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h
u
m
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s
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d
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s
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Ho
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s
af
ety
r
em
ain
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a
s
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if
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t
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ly
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n
ig
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t
o
r
d
u
r
in
g
in
cle
m
en
t
wea
th
er
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
r
ad
iti
o
n
al
r
o
ad
r
ef
lecto
r
s
,
wh
ile
u
s
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u
l,
h
av
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itatio
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th
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ess
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r
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u
ch
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o
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d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
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Un
ited
N
atio
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s
2
0
3
0
a
g
en
d
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f
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p
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s
tem
will
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m
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leted
with
d
ig
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tech
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lik
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I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
[
3
]
.
T
h
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im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
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n
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ig
h
way
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e
m
p
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s
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s
tr
av
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th
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h
ig
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way
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[
4
]
.
On
th
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r
o
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s
(
r
o
a
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av
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en
t
m
ar
k
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s
.
R
o
ad
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s
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av
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b
ee
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eg
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lar
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tili
z
ed
in
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ar
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s
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[
5
]
.
T
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ad
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t
in
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tec
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as
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t
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with
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p
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b
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itti
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tim
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Self
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(
L
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tec
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lo
g
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[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Vo
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14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
13
-
1
20
114
C
u
r
r
en
t
m
eth
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t
o
b
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s
t
r
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ad
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g
em
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ally
in
v
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v
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p
licated
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tr
u
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r
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f
ca
m
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as,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
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tech
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lo
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[
7
]
.
T
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tech
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ies
ca
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m
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ito
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tr
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r
ely
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r
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m
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tech
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wh
ich
co
n
f
in
e
th
eir
o
p
e
r
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r
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g
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ay
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h
ig
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s
to
p
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T
h
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ad
v
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s
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s
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r
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an
d
wir
eless
co
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m
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tech
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co
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r
ag
ed
t
h
e
ad
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p
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
f
o
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d
if
f
er
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a
p
p
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in
au
to
m
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a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
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m
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[
8
]
.
I
o
T
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b
ased
v
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ac
cid
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d
etec
tio
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an
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f
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d
etec
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ca
r
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lo
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in
f
o
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an
d
p
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lice
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tatio
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v
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a
web
s
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r
v
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[
9
]
.
I
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(
I
R
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wh
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g
-
s
ize
r
o
a
d
r
ef
lect
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
a
s
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ed
iu
m
with
L
o
w
E
ar
th
Or
b
it
(
L
E
O)
s
atellite
[
1
0
]
.
A
Sm
ar
t
R
o
ad
Stu
d
(
SR
S)
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
f
o
r
v
eh
icle
s
p
ee
d
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
with
two
i
d
en
tical
th
r
ee
-
ax
is
g
e
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
s
elf
-
p
o
wer
in
g
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
led
lig
h
t
-
b
ased
tr
a
f
f
ic
d
ir
ec
tio
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
e
s
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
:
Ho
w
ca
n
th
e
am
alg
am
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
ig
h
way
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t?
B
ased
o
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
r
e
v
ie
wed
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
liter
atu
r
e.
I
o
T
h
as
em
p
o
wer
ed
u
s
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t
a
s
af
e
an
d
s
m
o
o
th
r
o
ad
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
way
with
u
n
i
q
u
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
v
eh
icle
p
o
s
itio
n
,
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
l
an
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
3
B
+
b
ased
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
is
in
teg
r
a
ted
with
a
ca
m
er
a
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
s
m
ar
t r
o
ad
r
ef
lecto
r
s
,
to
ev
alu
ate
r
o
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
[
1
3
]
.
I
o
T
-
b
ased
Dig
ital
No
tice
B
o
ar
d
with
a
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
v
is
u
alize
th
e
r
o
ad
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
th
e
n
o
tice
b
o
ar
d
is
em
b
ed
d
ed
with
a
n
AT
m
eg
a
3
2
8
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
g
lo
b
a
l sy
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
GSM)
m
o
d
u
l
e,
liq
u
id
cr
y
s
tal
d
is
p
lay
(
L
C
D)
,
an
d
b
u
zz
e
r
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
an
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
p
eo
p
le
in
p
u
b
lic
p
lace
s
[
1
4
]
.
R
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
(
R
FID
)
tag
s
em
b
e
d
d
ed
in
s
m
ar
t
r
o
a
d
r
ef
lecto
r
s
with
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
lle
ct
d
ata
o
n
c
r
u
cial
asp
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
eir
life
an
d
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
i
n
r
o
ad
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
5
]
.
Veh
icu
la
r
A
d
Ho
c
Netwo
r
k
(
VANE
T
)
is
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
th
e
s
m
ar
t
r
o
ad
r
ef
lecto
r
s
to
estab
lis
h
VANE
T
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
o
n
r
o
ad
s
to
o
b
tain
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
h
ig
h
way
d
ata
with
I
o
T
[
1
6
]
.
L
ig
h
t
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
r
a
n
g
in
g
(
L
iDAR
)
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
m
ar
t
r
o
a
d
r
ef
lecto
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
g
e
n
er
a
tio
n
as
an
aid
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
a
ls
o
to
co
m
p
ar
e
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
q
u
ality
,
f
ac
to
r
y
m
etr
ics ar
e
u
s
ed
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
An
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
is
im
p
l
em
en
ted
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
a
n
im
al
-
v
eh
icle
cr
ash
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
i
g
h
ttime
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
e
His
to
g
r
am
o
f
Or
ien
ted
Gr
ad
ie
n
ts
(
HOG)
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
a
C
o
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
Neu
r
al
Netwo
r
k
(
C
NN)
[
1
9
]
.
An
in
tellig
en
t
r
o
ad
m
a
r
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
with
a
wir
eles
s
n
et
wo
r
k
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
in
s
m
ar
t
r
o
ad
r
ef
lecto
r
s
is
b
ein
g
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
lig
h
t
c
an
b
e
em
itted
wh
e
n
th
e
o
n
co
m
in
g
v
eh
icle
is
d
etec
ted
an
d
also
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
[
2
0
]
.
A
d
y
n
a
m
ic
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
im
p
le
m
en
t
ed
to
au
to
m
ate
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
an
d
also
em
p
lo
y
s
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
d
etec
t
tr
af
f
ic
in
ten
s
ity
,
af
ter
wh
ich
a
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
co
n
tr
o
ls
tr
af
f
i
c
lig
h
t
s
witch
in
g
,
an
d
th
e
m
es
s
ag
e
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
s
m
ar
t
r
o
a
d
r
ef
lecto
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
GSM/g
lo
b
al
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
r
ad
i
o
s
er
v
ice
(
GPR
S)
m
o
d
u
les
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
An
in
tellig
en
t
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
b
ig
d
ata
a
n
d
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
will
b
e
p
ar
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
tr
af
f
ic
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
cities,
wh
er
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
d
is
p
lay
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
all
ec
o
-
s
y
s
tem
s
in
an
d
o
f
th
em
s
elv
es
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
t
o
f
an
I
o
T
in
te
llig
en
t
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
I
T
S)
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
r
o
ad
r
ef
lecto
r
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
A
n
o
v
el
m
o
d
u
lar
tr
af
f
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
cr
ea
ted
t
o
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
r
o
ad
n
etwo
r
k
s
wh
ile
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
lik
e
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
,
em
b
e
d
d
e
d
d
ev
ices
in
teg
r
atin
g
as
p
ar
t
o
f
a
n
e
x
t
-
g
en
e
r
atio
n
tr
af
f
ic
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
(
T
MS)
to
m
im
ic
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
8
]
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew,
it
is
id
en
tifie
d
th
at
I
o
T
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
in
tell
ig
en
t
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
h
o
wev
er
,
in
th
e
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
y
s
tem
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
a
d
r
awb
ac
k
in
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
r
an
g
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
Mo
tiv
ated
b
y
t
h
e
f
ac
ts
a
b
o
v
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
s
m
ar
t
r
o
ad
r
ef
le
cto
r
with
s
en
s
o
r
y
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
a
L
o
R
a
n
etwo
r
k
to
estab
lis
h
r
ea
l
-
t
im
e
an
d
I
o
T
-
b
ased
a
u
to
m
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
a
d
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
as f
o
llo
ws
.
−
I
o
T
an
d
L
o
R
a
-
b
ased
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
r
o
ad
r
ef
lecto
r
s
o
n
h
ig
h
wa
y
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
−
T
o
r
ea
lize
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
r
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e,
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
an
d
g
atew
ay
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
.
−
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
v
a
lu
es o
f
s
m
ar
t r
ef
lecto
r
s
ar
e
v
is
u
alize
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
co
v
er
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
;
s
ec
tio
n
3
co
v
er
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
ar
ticle
co
n
clu
d
es in
th
e
f
i
n
al
s
ec
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
Lo
n
g
-
r
a
n
g
e
r
a
d
io
a
n
d
I
n
tern
e
t o
f th
in
g
s
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
s
ma
r
t ro
a
d
r
eflec
to
r
s
fo
r
s
ma
r
t h
ig
h
w
a
ys
(
R
a
jesh
S
in
g
h
)
115
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
AND
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
ARCH
I
T
E
C
T
UR
E
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
with
lo
n
g
-
r
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
I
o
T
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
tly
av
ail
ab
le
r
ef
lecto
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
First,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
d
etail
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
later
o
n
,
th
e
h
a
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ased
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u
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Ap
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/
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i
g
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w
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
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s
ed
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t r
e
f
lecto
r
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
a
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
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r
,
wh
ic
h
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n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ev
er
al
r
ef
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r
s
(
1
,
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,
…,
M)
,
a
s
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s
in
g
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n
it,
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o
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it,
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d
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L
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h
e
en
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s
u
p
p
lied
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g
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d
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u
p
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to
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its
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its
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s
en
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it
in
th
e
s
m
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t
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s
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at
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l
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at
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r
em
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f
.
T
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L
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ased
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a
n
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ally
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p
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I
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p
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p
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e
o
f
in
teg
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atin
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th
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th
at
th
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p
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r
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t
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m
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C
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v
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n
ito
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g
.
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t
f
r
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m
ai
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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116
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ased
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ally
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wir
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astru
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tio
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s
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d
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r
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u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
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d
iag
r
am
o
f
s
m
ar
t r
ef
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r
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
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Fi
en
ab
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L
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a
g
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ay
it
h
as
a
co
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tr
o
ller
,
d
is
p
lay
,
W
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-
Fi
M
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d
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le,
DC
p
o
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s
u
p
p
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d
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g
r
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g
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r
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h
e
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ap
ter
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h
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ter
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r
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3.
RE
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ased
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3
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Fig
u
r
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r
,
an
d
W
i
-
Fi
-
en
ab
led
L
o
R
a
g
atew
ay
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T
h
e
Wi
-
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en
ab
led
L
o
R
a
g
atew
ay
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
lo
ca
l
I
P
n
etwo
r
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
1
9
2
.
1
6
8
.
2
0
4
.
1
6
4
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
.
T
h
e
Sm
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
is
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
g
atew
ay
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
a
d
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
is
p
lace
d
alm
o
s
t
1
k
m
awa
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t r
ef
lecto
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
Lo
n
g
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r
a
n
g
e
r
a
d
io
a
n
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I
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tern
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t o
f th
in
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s
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in
s
p
ir
ed
s
ma
r
t ro
a
d
r
eflec
to
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s
fo
r
s
ma
r
t h
ig
h
w
a
ys
(
R
a
jesh
S
in
g
h
)
117
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Firm
war
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
T
h
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
s
en
s
o
r
d
at
a
(
L
UX)
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
'
s
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
it
y
s
en
s
o
r
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
o
n
e
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
lig
h
t
in
t
en
s
ity
v
alu
e
is
6
.
0
L
UX,
an
d
,
in
an
o
th
er
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
lig
h
t
in
te
n
s
ity
v
a
lu
e
is
1
.
0
L
UX
d
u
e
t
o
less
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
r
ef
lecto
r
s
tatu
s
is
ON/O
FF
a
s
p
er
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
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h
t.
W
h
en
th
e
lig
h
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i
n
ten
s
ity
v
ar
ies
o
n
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
r
ef
lecto
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s
,
v
ar
iatio
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
L
UX
as
p
er
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
li
g
h
t
will
b
e
u
p
d
ated
in
th
e
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
L
UX
v
alu
es
v
is
u
alize
d
o
n
th
e
s
er
v
er
ca
n
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
y
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
itie
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
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2
5
8
6
I
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S
I
n
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J
R
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u
to
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,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
13
-
1
20
118
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
i
g
h
t in
ten
s
ity
v
alu
e
s
o
n
lo
ca
l I
P
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
lig
h
t
i
n
ten
s
ity
o
n
th
e
we
b
s
er
v
er
v
ia
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
ity
.
T
h
e
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
o
f
r
e
f
lecto
r
s
tatu
s
i
s
v
is
u
alize
d
,
wh
er
e
th
e
o
n
/o
f
f
s
tatu
s
is
d
etailed
an
d
p
r
esen
te
d
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
s
tatu
s
,
th
e
r
ef
lecto
r
s
tatu
s
ch
an
g
es.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
L
i
g
h
t in
ten
s
ity
an
d
r
ef
lecto
r
s
s
tatu
s
o
n
lo
ca
l I
P
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
c
r
ea
te
a
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
ca
n
a
d
ap
t
to
f
lu
ctu
ati
o
n
s
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
tr
an
s
m
it
d
at
a
to
a
ce
n
tr
al
co
m
p
u
ter
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
s
m
ar
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
o
ad
s
af
ety
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
L
o
R
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
r
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
I
o
T
in
teg
r
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ata
lo
g
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
I
o
T
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
s
m
ar
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
em
p
h
a
s
ize
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
ce
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
e
m
p
h
asis
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
n
lig
h
t
-
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
r
ef
lecto
r
s
an
d
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
in
-
f
ield
test
in
g
g
iv
es
a
p
r
ac
tical
asp
ec
t
to
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
b
en
ef
its
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
liter
atu
r
e
.
T
h
es
e
d
ata
m
ig
h
t
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
i
n
s
ev
er
al
way
s
.
T
o
b
eg
in
,
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
am
alg
a
m
atin
g
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
af
et
y
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
s
u
ch
as
r
ef
lecto
r
s
,
th
u
s
en
h
an
cin
g
th
eir
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
p
o
in
t
to
lar
g
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
to
e
n
h
an
ce
r
o
ad
s
af
ety
,
esp
ec
ially
in
lo
w
-
lig
h
t
s
ettin
g
s
.
Sti
ll,
lim
i
tatio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
cy
o
n
ce
r
tai
n
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
at
m
ay
af
f
ec
t
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
as
well
as
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
wi
th
s
ig
n
als
in
co
n
g
ested
m
etr
o
p
o
litan
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
wh
ich
m
ig
h
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
lo
n
g
-
r
a
n
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Sm
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
way
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
p
ath
an
d
cu
r
v
es
o
n
th
e
r
o
ad
s
wh
er
e
th
e
h
ig
h
way
lig
h
tn
in
g
s
y
s
tem
is
ab
s
en
t.
T
o
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
w
e
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
L
o
R
a
-
b
ased
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
with
a
W
i
-
Fi
-
en
ab
led
L
o
R
a
g
atew
ay
.
T
o
r
ea
lize
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
we
h
av
e
im
p
lem
en
te
d
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
o
f
a
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
an
d
g
atew
ay
o
n
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e,
we
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
th
e
L
UX
v
al
u
e
s
o
n
th
e
s
er
v
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
n
et
a
n
d
L
o
R
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
o
n
ly
tu
r
n
o
n
/o
f
f
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
in
t
h
e
o
u
ter
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t r
ath
e
r
th
an
d
ay
an
d
n
ig
h
t.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t r
ef
lecto
r
s
o
n
ly
tu
r
n
o
n
/o
f
f
b
ased
o
n
th
e
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
in
th
e
o
u
ter
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t r
ath
er
th
an
d
ay
an
d
n
ig
h
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
m
ajo
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
s
ettin
g
u
p
o
f
a
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
y
s
tem
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
I
o
T
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
an
AT
m
eg
a3
2
8
P
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
,
a
4
3
3
MH
z
L
o
R
a
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
r
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
a
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
am
b
ien
t
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
iezo
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
a
n
I
o
T
-
L
o
R
a
g
atew
ay
with
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
L
o
R
a
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
E
SP
8
2
6
6
W
i
-
Fi
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
ity
was
b
u
ilt.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
s
wer
e
test
ed
o
n
a
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
lly
lo
g
s
en
s
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
a
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
.
I
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e,
we
will
in
teg
r
a
te
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
th
e
s
m
ar
t
r
ef
lecto
r
with
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
to
p
r
e
d
ict
f
o
g
wea
th
er
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
a
d
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
“
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
r
o
a
d
m
a
r
k
e
r
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
v
i
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
a
f
e
t
y
,
”
T
r
a
f
f
i
c
S
a
f
e
t
y
D
i
r
e
c
t
.
h
t
t
p
s:
/
/
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
s
a
f
e
t
y
d
i
r
e
c
t
.
c
o
m/
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
-
r
o
a
d
-
mark
e
r
s
-
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
-
v
i
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
-
a
n
d
-
d
r
i
v
e
r
-
safe
t
y
(
a
c
c
e
ss
e
d
M
a
r
.
1
5
,
2
0
2
4
)
.
[
2
]
P
.
J.
C
a
r
l
s
o
n
,
E
.
S
.
P
a
r
k
,
a
n
d
C
.
K
.
A
n
d
e
r
se
n
,
“
Th
e
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
p
a
v
e
m
e
n
t
mark
i
n
g
s
:
a
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