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in
g
th
em
to
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
en
g
a
g
e
cr
itically
in
e
v
e
r
y
d
ay
s
itu
atio
n
s
as
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
citizen
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
,
en
r
ich
in
g
r
esear
c
h
an
d
teac
h
in
g
ar
ea
s
b
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
d
ee
p
er
,
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
E
S
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Of
f
icial
g
u
id
elin
es
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
b
asin
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
y
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
le
v
el
o
n
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
ad
e
d
u
r
in
g
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
[
6
]
−
[
8
]
.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ies
[
6
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
also
em
p
h
asize
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
E
S
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
g
o
o
d
citizen
s
h
ip
,
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
h
er
itag
e.
Fu
r
th
er
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
is
co
n
ce
p
t
[
1
1
]
,
d
r
awin
g
o
n
th
e
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
o
f
[
1
2
]
,
d
escr
ib
es
f
ield
wo
r
k
as
a
v
er
s
atile
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
in
clu
d
es
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
,
teac
h
in
g
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
h
o
lis
tic
v
iew
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
s
k
ills
as a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
asp
ec
t
o
f
g
eo
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
An
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
E
S
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Of
f
icial
I
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
2
0
0
7
–
2
0
0
9
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
esen
ce
in
b
o
th
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
two
y
ea
r
s
o
f
co
lleg
e)
an
d
in
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
c
o
v
er
in
g
t
h
e
in
itial
two
y
ea
r
s
o
f
th
e
B
a
cc
a
l
a
u
r
éa
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
)
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
en
co
m
p
ass
es
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
c
o
n
ten
t,
c
o
v
er
in
g
b
o
th
ex
ter
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
al
E
ar
th
g
eo
d
y
n
am
ics,
alo
n
g
with
as
s
o
ciate
d
ac
tiv
ities
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
cr
ea
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
p
lace
d
a
s
tr
o
n
g
em
p
h
asis
o
n
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
as a
n
ess
en
tial e
lem
en
t o
f
th
e
L
E
S
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
ar
e
ac
tiv
ely
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
to
p
la
n
an
d
ex
ec
u
te
th
ese
g
eo
lo
g
ica
l
f
ield
tr
ip
s
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
E
S
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
a
d
ir
ec
tiv
e
r
eiter
ate
d
in
th
e
O
f
f
icial
I
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
N
atio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
–
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
cir
cu
lar
s
b
y
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Vo
ca
ti
o
n
al
T
r
ai
n
in
g
,
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
Scien
tific
R
esear
ch
is
s
u
ed
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
(
1
9
7
1
,
1
9
7
3
,
1
9
7
5
,
1
9
7
9
,
1
9
9
9
,
2
0
1
5
)
.
T
h
ese
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
co
v
er
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
th
ese
ex
cu
r
s
io
n
s
at
n
o
co
s
t.
I
n
g
e
o
l
o
g
y
,
f
i
e
l
d
t
r
i
p
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
m
o
r
e
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
t
h
a
n
i
n
m
a
n
y
o
t
h
e
r
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
f
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
a
p
r
o
p
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
p
a
c
e
,
s
c
a
l
e
,
a
n
d
t
i
m
e
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
tiv
e
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
r
ese
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
ass
o
c
i
a
te
d
w
i
t
h
g
e
o
l
o
g
ic
a
l
f
i
el
d
tr
i
p
s
[
1
4
]
−
[
1
7
]
.
Par
ticip
atin
g
in
f
ield
tr
ip
s
o
f
f
e
r
s
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
b
e
n
ef
its
th
at
ar
e
cr
u
cial
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
jo
u
r
n
ey
.
Su
ch
tr
ip
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
v
alu
a
b
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
b
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
its
r
ea
l
-
life
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Fo
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
in
E
S,
f
ield
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
v
ital.
T
h
ey
o
f
f
e
r
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
c
h
an
ce
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
in
th
e
n
atu
r
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
d
ir
ec
tly
.
T
h
is
en
g
ag
em
en
t
n
o
t
o
n
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
s
k
ills
in
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
in
t
er
p
r
etatio
n
b
u
t
also
d
ee
p
en
s
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
s
e
p
r
ac
tical
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
o
cial
b
o
n
d
s
am
o
n
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
e
r
eb
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
f
ield
tr
ip
s
also
in
clu
d
e
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
with
f
ield
eq
u
ip
m
en
t,
wh
ic
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
er
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
cien
ce
.
T
h
is
,
in
tu
r
n
,
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
es
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
s
g
eo
lo
g
ical
s
ites
an
d
h
eig
h
ten
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
awa
r
e
n
ess
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
an
d
in
ter
ac
t
with
n
atu
r
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
wh
ich
g
r
ea
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
eir
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
g
eo
lo
g
ical
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
a
n
d
o
b
jects
in
th
eir
ac
tu
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
ese
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
ar
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
d
ee
p
en
in
g
s
u
b
ject
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
q
u
ir
y
,
a
n
d
s
tim
u
latin
g
cu
r
io
s
ity
.
T
h
e
ter
m
‘
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
t
r
ip
’
en
co
m
p
ass
es
v
ar
io
u
s
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
K
r
ep
el
an
d
Du
Vall
[
1
8
]
,
it
i
n
v
o
lv
es
o
r
g
an
izin
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
cu
r
s
io
n
s
th
at
en
a
b
le
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
e
n
g
ag
e
d
ir
ec
tly
with
o
b
jects
in
th
eir
ac
tu
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
a
n
d
lea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
is
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
ir
s
th
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
lear
n
in
g
,
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
ter
a
ct
with
g
eo
lo
g
ical
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
in
th
ei
r
n
atu
r
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
C
ar
r
etier
an
d
C
o
d
o
g
n
et
[
1
9
]
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
x
p
a
n
d
on
th
is
co
n
ce
p
t,
ch
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
a
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
i
eld
tr
ip
as
an
o
cc
asio
n
wh
e
r
e
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
c
o
m
p
an
ied
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
ad
u
lts
o
cc
asio
n
ally
leav
es
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
em
is
es
f
o
r
a
n
h
o
u
r
,
h
alf
a
d
ay
,
o
r
f
u
ll
d
a
y
,
d
u
r
in
g
r
e
g
u
lar
s
ch
o
o
l
h
o
u
r
s
.
o
f
f
er
s
an
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
t
r
ip
s
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
em
as
o
r
g
a
n
ized
in
v
esti
g
ativ
e
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
with
clea
r
g
o
als
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
t
h
e
E
S
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
T
h
ese
t
r
ip
s
en
g
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
wh
ile
also
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
ain
i
n
g
th
at
en
co
m
p
ass
es
asp
ec
ts
lik
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
tewa
r
d
s
h
ip
,
civ
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
an
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
h
er
itag
e.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
s
in
g
le
d
ay
to
lo
n
g
e
r
p
er
io
d
s
,
a
r
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
away
f
r
o
m
r
e
g
u
lar
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
ar
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
an
d
g
u
id
ed
by
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
teac
h
er
s
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
[
6
]
.
Field
wo
r
k
is
b
r
o
ad
l
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
h
a
llen
g
es a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
o
r
g
a
n
is
in
g
g
e
o
lo
g
ica
l field
tr
ip
s
fo
r
Mo
r
o
cc
a
n
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
…
(
A
â
tika
E
d
d
if
)
1461
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
as
a
v
alu
a
b
le
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
,
y
et
s
o
m
e
t
ea
ch
er
s
ar
e
r
elu
ctan
t
t
o
in
v
o
lv
e
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
s
u
ch
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
[
20
]
,
T
ab
le
1
lis
t
s
p
o
ten
tial b
ar
r
ier
s
to
f
ield
wo
r
k
,
as id
en
tifie
d
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
r
aws
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
r
o
m
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
o
f
ten
ce
leb
r
ated
as
a
‘
h
av
en
f
o
r
g
eo
lo
g
is
ts
’
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
is
h
o
m
e
to
a
wid
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
n
d
g
eo
lo
g
ical
s
ites
th
at
ex
ten
d
f
r
o
m
n
o
r
th
to
s
o
u
th
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
p
er
f
ec
t
s
ettin
g
f
o
r
citizen
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
cien
ce
teac
h
in
g
,
an
d
th
e
a
p
p
r
ec
iatio
n
o
f
a
d
iv
er
s
e
g
eo
lo
g
ical
h
er
itag
e
th
at
d
ates
b
ac
k
to
th
e
Pre
ca
m
b
r
ian
er
a.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
way
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
i
n
ter
ac
t
with
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
is
r
ich
g
eo
lo
g
ical
leg
ac
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
ef
u
lly
p
lan
n
ed
ac
tiv
ities
.
R
em
ar
k
ab
ly
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
ca
r
city
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
is
s
u
b
ject,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
m
id
d
le
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
o
s
u
m
m
ar
ize,
li
m
ited
r
esear
ch
ex
is
ts
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
f
ac
e
in
th
e
E
S
f
iel
d
wh
en
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
f
ield
tr
ip
s
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es.
I
n
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
p
o
s
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
w
h
at
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ch
alle
n
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
o
r
g
a
n
izer
s
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
o
f
L
E
S?
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
wh
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t c
a
n
b
e
o
f
f
er
ed
to
h
elp
th
em
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es?
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
th
r
ee
f
o
ld
.
Firstl
y
,
it
aim
s
to
g
ain
an
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
teac
h
er
s
en
co
u
n
ter
wh
en
o
r
g
an
izin
g
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
s
ee
k
s
to
o
f
f
er
p
o
ten
tial
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
co
u
ld
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
tr
ip
s
i
n
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices.
L
astl
y
,
it
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
alu
e
o
f
g
eo
l
o
g
i
ca
l
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
ey
a
r
e
an
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
en
r
ich
in
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
le
ar
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Aca
d
em
ics
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
elativ
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
o
ten
tial b
ar
r
ier
s
to
f
ield
wo
r
k
[2
0
]
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
F
i
d
o
a
n
d
G
a
y
f
o
r
d
K
i
n
c
h
i
n
F
i
sh
e
r
S
c
o
t
t
e
t
a
l
.
La
r
g
e
c
l
a
ss
si
z
e
s
✓
✓
✓
Ti
me
/
t
i
me
t
a
b
l
e
✓
✓
✓
✓
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
✓
✓
En
j
o
y
me
n
t
/
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
o
f
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
✓
✓
C
o
s
t
✓
✓
✓
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
su
i
t
a
b
l
e
si
t
e
s
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✓
La
c
k
o
f
c
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r
r
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c
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l
u
m
sp
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f
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c
a
t
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✓
C
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m
p
l
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c
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t
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d
r
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q
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i
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n
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s
o
f
t
h
e
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m f
o
r
f
i
e
l
d
w
o
r
d
s
✓
✓
R
i
s
k
o
f
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
✓
✓
Lo
w
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
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f
t
h
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v
a
l
u
e
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f
f
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e
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d
w
o
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y
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t
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d
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n
t
s
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✓
N
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
t
o
a
c
a
d
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m
i
c
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s
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
r
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m
o
t
i
o
n
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✓
La
c
k
o
f
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
✓
La
c
k
o
f
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
a
b
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t
t
h
e
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t
d
o
o
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se
t
t
i
n
g
✓
La
c
k
o
f
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
s
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c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
e
a
c
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n
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t
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o
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se
t
t
i
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I
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
✓
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
ascer
tain
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
t
ea
ch
er
s
f
ac
e
wh
e
n
o
r
g
an
izin
g
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
,
we
em
p
lo
y
ed
an
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
as
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
to
n
o
te
th
at
we
p
er
s
o
n
ally
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
to
alig
n
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
L
E
S
p
r
o
g
r
am
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
el.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
en
c
o
m
p
ass
es
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
ty
p
es,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
,
cl
o
s
ed
-
en
d
ed
,
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
m
ats.
T
h
e
item
s
wer
e
p
h
r
ased
in
Ar
ab
ic
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
ea
s
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
t
icip
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
is
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
v
alid
atio
n
f
r
o
m
d
id
ac
tic
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
p
ec
to
r
s
,
a
n
d
tr
ain
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Hig
h
er
No
r
m
al
Sch
o
o
l
,
th
e
R
eg
io
n
al
C
en
tr
e
f
o
r
th
e
T
r
ad
es
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
T
r
ain
in
g
(
R
C
T
R
T
)
,
as
well
as
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
if
e
a
n
d
E
a
r
th
Scien
ce
s
Dep
ar
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
c
lu
d
ed
a
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
p
h
ase
o
f
i
n
ter
v
iews,
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
is
in
itial
p
h
ase
was
p
iv
o
t
al
in
af
f
ir
m
i
n
g
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
to
p
i
c
an
d
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
a
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
th
e
in
itial
s
tag
e
o
f
o
u
r
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
we
en
g
a
g
e
d
with
ten
teac
h
er
s
f
o
r
a
p
r
e
-
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
e
d
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
tailo
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
co
m
p
ilatio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
v
e
r
th
e
2
0
1
8
-
2
0
2
0
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
,
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
es a
n
d
th
e
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t o
f
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
wer
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Ob
jectiv
es o
f
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
Q
1
:
c
l
o
se
d
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
To
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
a
r
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
i
n
g
g
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
t
r
i
p
s
Q
2
:
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
c
h
o
i
c
e
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
e
n
d
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8
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2
I
n
t
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&
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es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
4
5
9
-
1
4
6
7
1462
2
.
1
.
Sa
m
ple descript
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
ed
u
c
ato
r
s
s
p
ec
ializin
g
in
L
E
S
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
ac
r
o
s
s
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
p
o
o
l
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
4
5
0
teac
h
er
s
af
f
iliated
with
v
ar
io
u
s
r
eg
io
n
al
ac
a
d
em
ie
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
.
E
ac
h
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
h
eld
a
b
ac
h
elo
r
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
in
eith
er
b
io
lo
g
y
o
r
g
eo
lo
g
y
an
d
h
ad
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
t
o
2
0
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
ag
e
o
f
th
ese
L
E
S
teac
h
er
s
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
2
8
to
4
8
y
ea
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
o
th
m
al
e
an
d
f
em
ale
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
.
2
.
2
.
Desig
n a
nd
dis
t
ributio
n
o
f
t
he
qu
estio
nn
a
ire
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
a
p
ilo
t
s
u
r
v
ey
a
n
d
alig
n
e
d
with
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
I
t
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
to
two
m
ain
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
ad
h
er
in
g
to
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ec
tio
n
g
ath
er
s
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ag
e,
b
ac
h
el
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
ee
s
p
ec
ial
izatio
n
,
an
d
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
d
elv
es
in
to
th
e
co
r
e
r
esear
ch
th
em
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
is
es
f
o
u
r
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
a
d
etai
led
an
aly
s
is
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
a
later
s
ec
tio
n
)
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
with
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
o
f
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
ter
v
iews
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
T
h
ese
teac
h
e
r
s
p
lay
e
d
a
n
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
r
o
le
in
b
o
th
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es a
n
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t c
o
llectio
n
a
n
d
r
ela
y
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es to
th
e
r
esear
ch
team
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Af
ter
co
m
p
letin
g
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
an
d
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
we
p
r
o
ce
ed
ed
to
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
aly
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
g
at
h
e
r
ed
d
ata.
T
h
is
s
tep
e
n
tailed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
with
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
as
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
ats,
s
u
ch
as
tab
les,
p
ie
ch
ar
ts
,
an
d
b
ar
g
r
ap
h
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
clar
it
y
an
d
en
a
b
lin
g
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
T
h
is
d
iv
e
r
s
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
aid
s
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
n
v
ey
in
g
th
e
in
s
i
g
h
ts
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
p
ar
tici
p
an
t p
o
o
l o
f
L
E
S tea
ch
er
s
.
3
.
1
.
Cha
ra
c
t
er
is
t
ics o
f
s
urv
ey
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
cs
r
e
v
e
a
l
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
e
m
a
l
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
(
5
9
%
)
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
m
a
l
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
(
4
1
%
)
.
T
h
is
d
is
p
a
r
i
t
y
m
a
y
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
a
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
p
r
o
p
e
n
s
ity
a
m
o
n
g
f
e
m
a
l
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
s
t
o
wa
r
d
s
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
L
E
S
.
P
r
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
e
l
d
a
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
i
n
b
io
l
o
g
y
,
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g
9
5
%
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
.
3
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
qu
estio
nn
a
ire
re
s
po
ns
es
I
n
o
u
r
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
g
eo
l
o
g
ical
f
i
eld
tr
ip
s
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
4
5
0
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
e
r
s
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
,
n
o
n
e
h
ad
co
n
d
u
cted
s
u
ch
tr
ip
s
with
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
co
llectiv
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
im
p
lies
th
at
th
ese
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ten
d
to
o
m
it
s
u
ch
tr
ip
s
f
r
o
m
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
with
f
u
r
th
er
ex
p
la
n
a
tio
n
s
ex
p
lo
r
ed
later
.
I
n
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
o
u
r
s
u
r
v
ey
,
we
ask
e
d
teac
h
er
s
to
r
an
k
v
a
r
io
u
s
elem
e
n
ts
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
f
r
o
m
1
(
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t)
to
6
.
T
h
e
asp
ec
ts
to
b
e
r
an
k
ed
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
tr
ip
’
s
r
o
le
as
a
s
o
cial
ev
en
t
to
f
o
s
ter
team
wo
r
k
a
n
d
en
th
u
s
iasm,
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
ec
o
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
ac
t
io
n
s
,
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
ts
to
d
ir
ec
tly
in
ter
ac
t
with
ex
tr
ao
r
d
i
n
ar
y
g
eo
lo
g
ical
p
h
en
o
m
en
a,
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
an
en
g
ag
i
n
g
in
v
esti
g
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
,
a
n
d
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
ess
en
tial
f
ield
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
g
eo
lo
g
ical
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
ese
r
an
k
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
p
r
io
r
ities
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
t
r
ip
s
in
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
in
o
u
r
r
ep
o
r
t
p
r
esen
ts
a
g
r
a
p
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
o
u
tco
m
es,
s
h
o
wc
asin
g
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
in
E
S
ed
u
c
atio
n
an
d
th
ei
r
d
iv
er
s
e
im
p
ac
t
s
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
i
n
wh
ich
th
ese
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
ar
e
v
alu
ed
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
v
iew
o
f
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
en
e
f
its
.
T
h
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
s
o
f
r
an
k
i
n
g
i
n
d
escen
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
ar
e
:
i)
1
i
s
e
n
a
b
l
es
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
t
o
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
e
x
t
r
a
o
r
d
i
n
a
r
y
g
e
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
a
n
d
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
g
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
o
b
j
e
ct
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
r
es
p
e
c
ti
v
e
c
o
n
t
ex
t
s
;
ii
)
2
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
l
iv
e
l
y
a
n
d
e
n
g
a
g
i
n
g
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
i
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
;
i
ii
)
3
i
s
t
o
g
a
i
n
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
al
s
k
i
ll
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
(
g
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
)
;
i
v
)
4
i
s
t
o
s
o
l
i
d
i
f
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
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1
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R
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ield
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ip
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ield
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ip
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ied
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o
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o
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ield
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ip
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ate
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ater
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atin
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ield
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p
s
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ized
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itio
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ally
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m
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lex
ity
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o
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d
ar
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led
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izes,
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aises
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ce
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th
e
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ac
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en
ts
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r
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ip
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m
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ical
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g
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h
e
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o
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ater
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o
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ctin
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ical
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ield
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ip
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o
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tag
e
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t
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s
to
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ca
tio
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r
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eth
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ical
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d
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ig
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r
ce
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ess
ar
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o
r
tar
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eted
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ical
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cu
r
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io
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s
.
T
ea
ch
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also
f
ac
e
d
if
f
icu
ltie
s
in
m
an
ag
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
th
e
f
ield
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
u
tili
zin
g
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
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g
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
lack
o
f
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
in
ess
en
tia
l
f
ield
s
k
ills
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
r
em
ain
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t o
b
s
tacle
.
Did
ac
tically
,
teac
h
er
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le
with
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
f
ield
i
n
v
es
tig
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
to
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
co
m
p
lex
g
eo
l
o
g
ical
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
T
h
e
r
e
is
a
lack
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
ab
o
u
t
v
alu
ab
le
g
eo
lo
g
ical
s
ites
n
ea
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
in
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
e
s
tep
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
f
ield
tr
ip
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
also
f
ac
e
tech
n
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
th
e
f
i
eld
an
d
o
cc
asio
n
al
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
ies
in
m
an
a
g
in
g
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
am
o
n
g
teac
h
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
tr
ip
s
.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
c
o
llectiv
ely
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
h
in
d
e
r
th
e
r
eg
u
lar
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
s
u
ch
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
cu
r
s
i
o
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
f
ea
s
ib
le
u
n
d
er
c
u
r
r
e
n
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Addi
t
io
na
l c
o
mm
ent
s
o
n t
he
s
urv
ey
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
q
u
esti
o
n
in
o
u
r
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u
r
v
e
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ar
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e
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o
p
p
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it
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o
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es,
illu
s
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ated
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Fig
u
r
e
2
,
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r
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in
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
E
S
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
t
h
eir
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
2
2
%
o
f
th
o
s
e
s
u
r
v
ey
e
d
p
o
in
t
ed
o
u
t
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
to
b
etter
m
a
n
ag
e
th
ese
f
ield
o
u
tin
g
s
,
wh
ile
1
1
%
o
p
ted
n
o
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
y
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
t
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
q
u
esti
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
4
5
9
-
1
4
6
7
1464
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
s
u
g
g
es
tio
n
s
3
.
3
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
f
o
cu
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
o
n
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
t
ea
ch
er
s
in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
’
s
v
ar
io
u
s
r
e
g
io
n
al
a
ca
d
em
ies
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
a
in
in
g
wh
e
n
p
lan
n
i
n
g
g
eo
lo
g
ic
al
f
ield
t
r
ip
s
with
in
th
e
E
S
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
A
n
o
tewo
r
t
h
y
f
in
d
in
g
is
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
f
em
ale
teac
h
er
s
(
5
9
%)
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
m
ale
teac
h
er
s
(
4
1
%),
a
tr
en
d
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
o
p
e
n
s
ity
o
f
f
em
ale
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
war
d
s
teac
h
in
g
L
E
S.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
9
5
%,
h
o
ld
b
ac
h
elo
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
ee
s
in
b
io
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
alig
n
m
en
t
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
21
]
,
[
22
]
,
wh
ich
n
o
ted
a
p
r
ed
o
m
in
a
n
ce
o
f
b
io
lo
g
y
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
am
o
n
g
b
io
lo
g
y
/g
e
o
lo
g
y
teac
h
er
s
.
Ou
r
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
an
aly
s
is
r
e
v
ea
led
awa
r
e
n
ess
am
o
n
g
tea
ch
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
in
E
S
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
al
ig
n
in
g
with
San
ch
ez
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
.
Field
wo
r
k
is
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tal
in
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
clar
if
y
in
g
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
h
en
o
m
en
a,
an
d
b
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
is
ass
er
tio
n
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
6
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
2
3
]
−
[2
8
]
.
Desp
ite
th
is
awa
r
en
ess
,
1
0
0
%
o
f
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
teac
h
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
o
r
g
an
ize
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
g
ap
b
etwe
en
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
eir
v
alu
e
an
d
ac
tu
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
cited
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
f
allin
g
in
to
f
o
u
r
b
r
o
ad
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
d
is
co
n
n
e
ct
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
r
y
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
in
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
t
r
ip
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
E
d
d
if
[
6
]
a
n
d
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
[
22
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
wh
ic
h
,
wh
i
le
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
o
u
tlin
in
g
th
e
s
e
ch
allen
g
es,
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
is
g
ap
.
Geo
lo
g
y
’
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
as
a
c
h
allen
g
in
g
an
d
less
p
o
p
u
lar
s
cien
ce
,
co
u
p
led
with
th
e
b
io
lo
g
y
s
p
ec
i
aliza
tio
n
o
f
m
an
y
teac
h
er
s
an
d
d
ef
icien
cies
in
th
eir
tr
ain
in
g
,
in
ten
s
if
ies
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
E
S
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ay
n
ec
ess
itate
a
r
ev
is
io
n
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
.
Ou
r
s
tu
d
y
ca
teg
o
r
izes
th
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
c
h
allen
g
es
in
to
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e,
p
er
s
o
n
al,
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical,
an
d
d
id
ac
tic
ch
allen
g
es,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
r
e
g
u
lar
f
ield
tr
ip
s
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
E
S
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
in
lin
e
with
[
20
]
,
w
h
o
id
e
n
tifie
d
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
im
p
ed
in
g
to
u
r
is
m
ac
a
d
em
ics
i
n
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
in
co
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
f
ield
wo
r
k
in
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
,
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
s
ev
en
ar
ea
s
:
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
ac
ad
em
ics,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
ac
cid
en
ts
,
s
ite,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
.
Fau
q
u
ex
an
d
Fier
z
[
29
]
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
allen
g
es
ca
n
h
in
d
e
r
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
y
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
eir
o
b
ject
iv
es.
Similar
ly
,
R
o
d
es
[
30
]
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiates
b
etwe
en
s
cien
tific
an
d
d
id
ac
tic
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
n
o
tin
g
th
at
th
eir
i
m
p
ac
t
v
ar
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
tr
ain
in
g
.
L
am
ar
ti
et
a
l.
[
31
]
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
E
S
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
id
en
tifie
d
k
ey
b
ar
r
i
er
s
to
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ch
allen
g
es,
a
lack
o
f
lo
g
is
tical
an
d
m
ater
ial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
s
tu
d
en
t
s
af
ety
.
Pru
n
ea
u
an
d
L
ap
o
in
te
[
32
]
s
tu
d
y
with
in
th
e
Qu
eb
ec
co
n
tex
t
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
n
atu
r
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
in
to
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
r
r
icu
la,
with
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
lik
e
lim
ited
tim
e
an
d
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
im
p
e
d
in
g
o
u
td
o
o
r
ac
tiv
ities
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
5
]
,
[
33
]
,
[
34
]
,
co
m
m
o
n
o
b
s
tacle
s
lik
e
tim
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
alig
n
m
en
t,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
s
o
m
e
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
lack
th
e
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
to
o
r
g
an
ize
f
ield
tr
ip
s
f
o
r
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
co
llect
iv
ely
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
s
im
ilar
ch
allen
g
es
in
p
lan
n
in
g
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
alb
eit
with
r
eg
io
n
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
e
n
co
u
n
ter
e
d
ar
e
n
o
t
u
n
iq
u
e
to
Mo
r
o
cc
an
teac
h
er
s
b
u
t
ar
e
also
p
r
e
v
alen
t
am
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
d
iv
er
s
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
ar
ea
s
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
also
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
o
r
g
an
izin
g
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ae
r
a
ca
n
s
e
r
v
e
as
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
to
r
aise
awa
r
e
n
ess
ab
o
u
t h
e
r
itag
e
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t [
35
]
−
[
38
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
h
a
llen
g
es a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
o
r
g
a
n
is
in
g
g
e
o
lo
g
ica
l field
tr
ip
s
fo
r
Mo
r
o
cc
a
n
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
…
(
A
â
tika
E
d
d
if
)
1465
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Ou
r
s
tu
d
y
h
as
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
t
ea
ch
er
s
o
f
L
E
S
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
eg
io
n
al
ac
ad
e
m
ies
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
i
n
Mo
r
o
cc
o
,
as
well
as
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
,
o
f
ten
r
ef
r
ai
n
f
r
o
m
o
r
g
an
izi
n
g
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
d
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
c
h
allen
g
es.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
i
d
en
tifie
d
f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
o
b
s
ta
cles
th
at
h
in
d
e
r
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
ese
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
ca
teg
o
r
ized
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
k
ey
ar
ea
s
.
Sev
er
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
c
h
a
llen
g
es.
Firstl
y
,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
an
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
an
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
g
e
o
lo
g
is
ts
with
th
eir
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licat
io
n
in
r
eg
i
o
n
al
tex
t
b
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
i
s
in
teg
r
atio
n
co
u
ld
en
tail
ad
d
in
g
a
d
e
d
icate
d
ch
a
p
ter
o
n
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
i
p
s
in
r
eg
io
n
al
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
,
th
e
r
eb
y
b
r
id
g
i
n
g
th
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ac
tu
al
f
ield
wo
r
k
co
n
d
u
cted
at
lo
ca
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ites
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
o
r
g
an
izin
g
r
eg
io
n
al
an
d
n
atio
n
al
f
o
r
u
m
s
ce
n
ter
e
d
o
n
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
ac
r
o
s
s
Mo
r
o
cc
o
’
s
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
eg
i
o
n
s
is
cr
u
cial.
Su
ch
ev
en
ts
ar
e
aim
e
d
at
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
teac
h
er
s
with
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
tr
ain
in
g
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
d
ir
ec
t
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
g
eo
lo
g
is
ts
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
f
ield
wo
r
k
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
at
alig
n
with
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l c
u
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
o
b
jectiv
es.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
E
S
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
an
o
n
lin
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
d
atab
ase
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
d
atab
ase
wo
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
s
cien
tific
asp
ec
ts
u
n
iq
u
e
to
ea
ch
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ite,
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
ield
tr
ip
,
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ad
v
ice
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
t
en
g
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
An
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
v
o
l
v
e
s
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
s
elf
-
tr
ain
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
teac
h
e
r
s
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
as
well
as
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
f
ield
tr
ip
s
led
b
y
ex
p
er
ts
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
i
n
to
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
o
f
f
er
an
en
h
an
ce
d
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
I
n
s
itu
atio
n
s
wh
er
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
ta
tio
n
is
an
is
s
u
e,
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ca
v
es,
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
f
ea
tu
r
es
lik
e
s
talac
tites
an
d
s
talag
m
ites
,
co
u
ld
b
e
a
v
ia
b
le
alter
n
ativ
e
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
b
u
ild
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
al
g
eo
l
o
g
ical
m
u
s
eu
m
s
in
a
r
ea
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
lear
n
e
r
s
wo
u
ld
f
ac
ilit
ate
d
is
co
v
er
y
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
,
eith
er
in
p
er
s
o
n
o
r
v
ir
tu
all
y
.
Descr
ib
in
g
th
ese
m
u
s
eu
m
s
in
s
ch
o
o
l
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
th
e
m
in
m
e
d
ia
c
an
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
alu
e.
Pro
ac
tiv
e
s
tep
s
in
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
L
E
S
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
also
v
ital.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
m
o
d
u
le
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
n
g
e
o
lo
g
ical
f
iel
d
tr
ip
s
in
to
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
tr
a
in
in
g
)
co
u
ld
in
te
g
r
ate
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
p
r
ac
tical
f
ield
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
at
r
elev
an
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ites
.
L
astl
y
,
en
r
ich
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
lib
r
ar
i
es
with
Mo
r
o
cc
o
’
s
latest
g
eo
lo
g
ical
an
d
m
in
i
n
g
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
t
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
n
er
g
y
,
Min
es
an
d
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
i
n
R
ab
at
i
n
2
0
1
1
,
w
o
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
teac
h
er
s
a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
aim
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
c
h
allen
g
e
s
f
ac
ed
in
o
r
g
an
izin
g
g
eo
l
o
g
ical
f
ield
tr
ip
s
an
d
en
h
an
ce
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
teac
h
in
g
o
f
L
E
S in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
R
.
P
.
S
h
a
r
p
,
“
E
a
r
t
h
sc
i
e
n
c
e
f
i
e
l
d
w
o
r
k
:
r
o
l
e
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
u
s,”
An
n
u
a
l
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
E
a
r
t
h
a
n
d
P
l
a
n
e
t
a
r
y
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
0
,
M
a
y
1
9
8
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
6
/
a
n
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r
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v
.
e
a
.
1
6
.
0
5
0
1
8
8
.
0
0
0
2
4
5
.
[
2
]
C
.
A
r
c
o
d
i
a
a
n
d
C
.
D
i
c
k
s
o
n
,
“
To
u
r
i
s
m
f
i
e
l
d
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
:
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
a
r
n
i
v
a
l
o
f
V
e
n
i
c
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
&
T
o
u
r
i
sm
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
–
1
5
5
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
0
9
6
3
7
5
8
.
2
0
1
3
.
8
2
6
9
8
5
.
[
3
]
K
.
Et
t
e
n
g
e
r
,
“
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
s
t
o
u
r
i
st
s
a
n
d
f
l
e
d
g
l
i
n
g
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
r
s:
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
e
t
h
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
c
o
u
r
s
e
s
f
o
r
t
o
u
r
i
sm
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
i
n
T
r
a
v
e
l
a
n
d
T
o
u
ri
sm
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
3
–
4
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
–
1
7
5
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
5
3
1
3
2
2
0
9
0
3
3
7
9
1
9
0
.
[
4
]
U
.
G
r
e
t
z
e
l
,
T.
Ja
ma
l
,
A
.
S
t
r
o
n
z
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
K
.
N
e
p
a
l
,
“
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
u
r
i
sm:
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
,
f
i
e
l
d
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
u
r
s
e
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
i
n
T
r
a
v
e
l
a
n
d
T
o
u
ri
sm
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
2
–
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
1
–
2
8
2
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
5
3
1
3
2
2
0
8
0
2
7
1
4
5
6
2
.
[
5
]
L.
M
a
r
q
u
e
s
a
n
d
J.
P
r
a
i
a
,
“
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
,
”
(
i
n
P
o
r
t
u
g
u
e
se)
,
T
e
rr
a
e
D
i
d
a
t
i
c
a
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
–
2
6
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
0
3
9
6
/
t
d
.
v
5
i
1
.
8
6
3
7
4
9
3
.
[
6
]
A
.
E
d
d
i
f
,
“
G
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
o
u
t
i
n
g
:
w
h
a
t
p
l
a
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
l
i
f
e
a
n
d
e
a
r
t
h
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
M
o
r
o
c
c
a
n
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
c
y
c
l
e
?
”
(
i
n
F
r
e
n
c
h
)
,
Am
e
r
i
c
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
R
e
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
6
–
9
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
a
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
-
j
i
r
a
s
.
c
o
m/
Ed
d
i
f
-
R
e
f
.
3
-
a
j
i
r
a
s
0
1
0
2
2
0
.
p
d
f
.
[
7
]
H
.
Es
t
e
v
e
s,
P
.
F
e
r
r
e
i
r
a
,
C
.
V
a
sc
o
n
c
e
l
o
s,
a
n
d
I
.
F
e
r
n
a
n
d
e
s,
“
G
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
w
o
r
k
:
A
s
t
u
d
y
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
w
i
t
h
P
o
r
t
u
g
u
e
s
e
sec
o
n
d
a
r
y
sch
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
G
e
o
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
8
–
3
2
5
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
4
0
8
/
1
2
-
3
9
4
.
1
.
[
8
]
H
.
Est
e
v
e
s
,
I
.
F
e
r
n
a
n
d
e
s,
a
n
d
C
.
V
a
s
c
o
n
c
e
l
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.
[
23
]
K
.
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A
.
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l
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i
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sc
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,
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,
p
p
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2
3
0
–
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9
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2
0
1
7
.
[
24
]
M
i
n
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r
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l
’
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u
c
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t
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l
e
,
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a
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s
(
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n
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2
0
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3
.
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l
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n
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A
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o
w
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l
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d
[
25
]
M
e
r
r
h
e
i
m
,
“
T
h
e
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t
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e
n
t
p
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F
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c
h
)
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C
r
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l
.
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l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
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.
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d
f
[
26
]
C
.
La
c
o
s
t
e
,
“
Th
e
i
n
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l
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n
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f
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.
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sser
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Li
mo
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e
s,
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i
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O
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n
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]
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M
O
0
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1
3
[
27
]
N
.
H
.
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a
,
F
.
B
.
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e
n
o
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r
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l
,
“
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i
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p
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sc
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h
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I
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R
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.
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5
,
p
p
.
5
9
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–
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9
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
2
8
]
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.
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k
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,
A
.
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l
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i
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k
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o
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v
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6
1
.
[
29
]
N
.
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a
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u
e
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a
n
d
S
.
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i
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z
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)
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h
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p
d
f
[
30
]
J.
-
F
.
R
o
d
e
s,
“
C
o
mb
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n
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n
g
a
f
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w
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o
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p
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?
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1
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4
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/
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d
st
.
1
4
4
.
[
31
]
L.
L
a
mart
i
,
A
.
B.
B
o
u
z
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a
n
e
,
H
.
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.
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.
M
.
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i
ssi
,
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G
e
o
-
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me
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:
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,”
(
i
n
F
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c
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)
,
R
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d
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:
1
0
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7
2
0
2
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9
1
8
0
a
r
.
[
32
]
D
.
P
r
u
n
e
a
u
a
n
d
C
.
L
a
p
o
i
n
t
e
,
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O
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,
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t
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.
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x
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F
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3
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.
[
33
]
A
.
A
t
e
ş
k
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,
Ö
.
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a
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J.
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.
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e
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(
M
Y
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Tu
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Ba
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t
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O
rg
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n
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,
2
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1
6
.
[
34
]
D
.
A
n
d
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r
so
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n
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Z.
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a
n
g
,
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6
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.
3
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p
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6
–
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1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[
35
]
A
.
B
a
r
t
h
e
s
,
Y
.
A
l
p
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,
a
n
d
S
.
B
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M
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4
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9
3
/
[
36
]
M
.
L
e
mb
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z
a
t
,
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T
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P
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[
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.