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K
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C
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Um
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Ag
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Gato
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10
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C
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1
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p
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tech
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an
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s
[
1
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in
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[
2
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.
Ho
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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2252
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2
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Dig
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ex
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p
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(
Umi
Mu
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)
1197
Desp
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th
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n
eg
ativ
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im
p
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t
o
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th
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ac
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en
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tr
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[
3
]
.
Dig
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ased
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v
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s
th
at
em
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am
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C
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D
-
1
9
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cr
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k
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[
4
]
.
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ased
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s
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[
5
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Stu
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ies
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ased
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ca
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ied
in
to
at
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First,
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6
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7
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,
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(
SW
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[
8
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1
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,
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s
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1
1
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,
teac
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er
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
u
r
v
ey
s
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
o
n
lin
e
an
d
o
f
f
lin
e
b
le
n
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
tr
ials
[
1
4
]
,
a
n
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al/g
lo
b
al
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
an
al
y
s
is
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Se
co
n
d
,
r
esear
c
h
th
at
d
escr
ib
es
an
d
test
s
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
h
o
m
e
lear
n
in
g
[
1
7
]
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
[
1
8
]
,
lear
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
s
ick
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
9
]
,
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
m
o
d
els
[
2
0
]
,
o
n
lin
e
class
r
o
o
m
h
u
m
a
n
izatio
n
a
n
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
alter
n
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
i
r
d
,
r
esear
ch
th
at
is
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
o
r
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
4
]
o
r
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
i
n
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
p
er
s
u
b
jects
th
at
h
av
e
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
ch
allen
g
e
s
,
s
u
ch
as sp
o
r
ts
[
2
5
]
,
ar
t
[
2
6
]
,
d
an
ce
[
2
7
]
,
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
less
o
n
s
[
2
8
]
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
is
a
g
o
o
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
to
ch
an
g
e
th
e
m
i
n
d
s
et
o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
war
d
s
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
g
iv
e
th
e
m
awa
r
en
ess
ab
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
an
d
d
ig
ital li
ter
ac
y
.
Ma
n
y
lea
r
n
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
u
d
d
e
n
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
leted
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
an
d
f
illed
th
e
g
ap
o
f
lear
n
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
tu
d
ie
s
th
at
wer
e
m
o
r
e
p
ar
tial
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
u
b
ject
o
r
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
r
ev
ea
ls
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els.
Dis
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
,
in
th
is
ca
s
e,
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
cr
ea
tes
n
ew
lear
n
in
g
s
p
ac
es
an
d
s
tim
u
lates
th
e
cr
ea
tiv
e
id
ea
s
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
T
h
is
lear
n
in
g
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
in
v
o
lv
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
an
d
d
i
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
,
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
is
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
with
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
i
d
ea
s
th
at
m
ak
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
.
B
esid
es
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
th
e
tim
es,
s
u
ch
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
g
r
ea
t
p
o
ten
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
em
p
o
wer
s
elf
-
r
elian
c
e,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
2
8
]
–
[
3
0
]
.
On
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
h
as
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
in
ce
r
tain
f
ield
s
o
r
s
u
b
jects,
s
u
ch
as
in
s
cien
ce
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ca
n
n
o
t
r
ea
c
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
b
u
t
o
n
ly
o
f
f
e
r
s
in
s
tan
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
-
s
o
lv
in
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
b
s
er
v
a
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
an
d
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
co
n
tin
u
e
to
h
elp
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
p
la
tf
o
r
m
[
1
4
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
On
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
p
o
p
u
lar
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
p
o
te
n
tial
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
l
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
co
n
ten
t
an
d
teac
h
in
g
an
y
tim
e
an
d
f
r
o
m
an
y
wh
er
e.
On
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
lear
n
in
g
th
at
p
ar
tially
o
r
co
m
p
letely
u
s
es
th
e
in
ter
n
et
n
etwo
r
k
[
3
2
]
.
On
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
b
y
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
with
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic,
wh
e
r
e
alm
o
s
t
all
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
clo
s
ed
an
d
im
p
lem
en
te
d
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
h
o
m
e
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
ca
u
s
es
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
d
i
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
lear
n
in
g
.
Dig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
,
m
u
ltime
d
ia
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
to
o
ls
f
ac
ilit
ate
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
ts
in
an
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
at
least
two
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
teac
h
in
g
,
n
am
ely
,
teac
h
er
s
k
ills
an
d
d
ig
ital te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
av
ailab
le
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
o
n
d
i
g
ital
-
b
ased
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ac
ticed
d
u
r
in
g
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
p
ap
e
r
also
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
teac
h
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
ar
en
ts
,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
wh
ich
is
v
alu
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
,
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
f
o
r
p
o
licy
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ea
lized
f
r
o
m
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
u
le
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
el
b
ein
g
p
a
r
t
o
f
lear
n
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
is
b
as
ed
o
n
a
n
o
n
li
n
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
e
r
i
o
d
wit
h
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
I
s
l
am
ic
b
o
ar
d
i
n
g
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
w
n
er
s
,
a
n
d
p
a
r
en
ts
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
a
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
im
es.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
o
f
tea
c
h
e
r
s
was
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
at
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
t
an
ce
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
p
o
li
cy
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
v
en
ie
n
c
e
s
am
p
li
n
g
t
h
at
was
a
b
l
e
t
o
r
ea
ch
1
7
,
6
6
1
te
ac
h
e
r
s
i
n
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
v
i
n
ce
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
,
n
am
el
y
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
J
a
v
a
,
E
ast
J
av
a,
S
p
ec
ila
R
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
t
a,
a
n
d
B
a
li.
M
ea
n
w
h
il
e,
t
h
e
I
s
la
m
i
c
b
o
a
r
d
in
g
s
c
h
o
o
l
(
p
es
a
n
tr
e
n
)
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
s
u
r
v
ey
was
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
at
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
2
0
2
0
wi
th
a
ta
r
g
et
p
es
a
n
tr
e
n
c
o
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
1
5
o
wn
er
s
(
k
y
a
i
)
,
7
3
tea
c
h
e
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
1
9
6
-
1
2
0
6
1198
f
r
o
m
1
6
p
es
a
n
tr
en
,
2
0
8
p
a
r
en
t
s
,
an
d
1
0
6
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
n
Y
o
g
y
ak
ar
t
a.
T
h
is
r
ese
a
r
c
h
ap
p
l
ies
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
en
ce
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
ta
r
g
et
a
s
p
e
cif
ic
s
am
p
le
s
iz
e.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
w
as
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
s
u
f
f
i
cie
n
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
ea
d
l
in
e
f
o
r
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
n
g
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
s
w
as
c
o
m
p
l
ete
d
w
h
i
c
h
ca
n
l
ea
d
t
o
u
n
eq
u
al
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
io
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
ties
an
d
lim
i
te
d
g
e
n
er
ali
za
b
il
it
y
[
3
5
]
.
As
a
n
im
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
icat
io
n
o
f
c
o
n
v
en
ie
n
c
e
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
lim
i
tat
io
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
es
cr
i
p
t
io
n
o
f
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
o
n
ly
d
es
cr
i
b
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
ata
was
n
o
t
a
n
al
y
ze
d
in
f
e
r
en
tial
ly
b
u
t
w
as
i
n
s
t
ea
d
a
v
er
ag
e
d
t
o
ill
u
s
t
r
at
e
t
h
e
tr
e
n
d
s
i
n
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
'
a
n
s
w
er
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
v
a
li
d
it
y
t
ests
w
er
e
n
o
t c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
a
s
in
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
t
h
at
f
o
ll
o
w
s
tr
ict
s
tatis
t
ic
al
p
r
in
ci
p
les
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
v
ali
d
a
ti
o
n
was
o
n
l
y
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
wi
th
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
te
am
,
wh
o
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
n
t
er
est
an
d
co
n
c
e
r
n
in
t
h
e
f
i
el
d
o
f
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
d
at
a
wa
s
als
o
o
b
tai
n
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
al
it
ati
v
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
wit
h
in
t
er
v
i
ew
an
d
o
b
s
e
r
v
ati
o
n
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
es t
o
s
ev
er
al
p
es
a
n
tr
e
n
in
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
r
ta
a
n
d
s
e
v
e
r
al
m
ad
r
a
s
as in
C
e
n
t
r
al
J
av
a,
co
n
s
is
t
in
g
o
f
ele
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
j
u
n
i
o
r
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
ls
.
T
h
is
q
u
ali
tat
iv
e
d
at
a
r
e
in
f
o
r
c
es
r
ese
ar
c
h
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
li
m
i
ted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
es
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
a
t
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic
wh
e
n
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
n
lin
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
o
cial
d
is
tan
cin
g
p
o
licy
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
s
ev
er
al
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
teac
h
er
s
in
m
ad
r
asas
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
an
d
th
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
ed
ia
th
ey
u
s
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
p
esa
n
tr
en
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
p
esa
n
tr
en
o
wn
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
teac
h
er
s
,
a
n
d
p
ar
e
n
ts
,
was
also
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
lin
e,
ask
in
g
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
d
is
tan
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
v
iews
to
o
b
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
an
d
em
e
r
g
en
c
y
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
p
r
ac
tices
in
s
ev
er
a
l
m
ad
r
asas
.
T
o
f
u
lf
il
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ap
p
lied
a
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
ch
ec
k
.
T
h
is
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ev
alu
atin
g
q
u
al
itativ
e
r
esear
ch
b
ased
o
n
its
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
,
an
d
au
d
it
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ath
er
th
an
ap
p
ly
in
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
cr
iter
ia
[
3
6
]
.
C
r
ed
ib
ilit
y
ch
ec
k
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
clu
d
es
r
elev
a
n
t
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
to
p
ic,
an
d
ca
n
o
b
tain
a
cc
u
r
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
ex
a
m
in
er
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
m
u
ltip
le
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
r
ese
ar
ch
er
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
r
elev
an
t,
clea
r
,
an
d
a
b
le
to
elicit
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
s
ig
h
ts
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
c
alcu
latin
g
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
a
n
s
wer
s
o
n
ea
ch
item
.
Per
ce
n
tag
e
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
a
u
s
ef
u
l
to
o
l
in
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
to
p
r
esen
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
clea
r
ly
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
T
h
is
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
is
u
s
ed
t
o
d
e
ter
m
in
e
th
e
ten
d
e
n
cy
o
f
an
s
wer
s
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
as
a
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
r
esp
o
n
s
es
r
elate
d
t
o
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
a
n
d
em
i
c.
Me
an
wh
ile,
d
ata
f
r
o
m
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
s
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
tag
es
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
d
ata
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
d
ata
p
r
esen
tatio
n
,
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
d
r
awin
g
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
3
.
1
.
O
nli
ne
lea
rning
pra
ct
ic
es in t
he
CO
VID
-
1
9
perio
d
Dis
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
te
d
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
em
ic
f
o
r
ce
d
a
d
r
asti
c
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el,
f
r
o
m
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lear
n
in
g
to
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
th
at
elim
in
ates
m
ee
tin
g
s
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Mo
s
t
s
c
h
o
o
ls
im
p
lem
e
n
t
o
n
lin
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
d
i
g
ital
d
ev
ices
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
s
u
ch
as
ce
llp
h
o
n
e/lap
t
o
p
q
u
o
ta
an
d
in
ter
n
et
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
h
as
m
an
y
o
b
s
tacle
s
,
s
u
ch
as
lear
n
in
g
d
ev
ices
an
d
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
lim
ited
in
ter
n
et
q
u
o
ta
[
3
8
]
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
s
tu
d
e
n
t
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
an
d
lack
o
f
p
ar
e
n
tal
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
3
9
]
,
lo
w
d
i
g
ital
liter
ac
y
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
,
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
A
s
u
r
v
ey
o
f
1
7
,
6
6
1
teac
h
er
s
in
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
s
h
o
ws
th
at
d
esp
ite
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
o
licy
,
m
o
s
t
teac
h
er
s
(
8
2
.
2
0
%
)
ar
e
r
ea
d
y
to
d
o
it.
L
ik
ewise,
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
b
ase
d
o
n
teac
h
er
s
'
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
7
1
.
4
9
%
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
s
tated
th
at
th
ey
a
r
e
r
ea
d
y
to
im
p
lem
en
t
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
[
3
8
]
.
Dis
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
is
also
im
p
lem
en
te
d
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
-
b
ased
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
No
t
m
u
ch
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
teac
h
er
s
in
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
m
o
s
t
p
esa
n
t
r
en
o
wn
er
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
also
s
tated
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
r
ea
d
y
t
o
im
p
lem
en
t
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
Similar
ly
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
s
a
n
tr
i
)
an
d
th
eir
p
ar
e
n
ts
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
s
tated
th
a
t
th
ey
ar
e
r
ea
d
y
to
im
p
lem
en
t
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
en
th
u
s
iasm
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
to
war
d
s
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
as a
n
ew
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
tr
ig
g
er
s
th
e
d
esire
to
in
n
o
v
ate
in
le
ar
n
in
g
.
At
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
le
ar
n
in
g
p
o
licy
,
th
er
e
was
n
o
t
m
u
ch
th
at
teac
h
er
s
co
u
ld
d
o
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
q
u
ick
ly
.
T
ea
ch
e
r
s
ch
o
o
s
e
to
u
s
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
th
at
is
s
im
p
le
an
d
ea
s
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
o
th
at
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
m
ater
ial
an
d
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
ca
n
co
n
tin
u
e
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
it
is
s
o
b
er
.
An
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
o
f
tea
ch
er
s
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
p
esa
n
tr
en
s
h
o
ws th
at
W
h
ats
Ap
p
is
th
e
f
av
o
r
ite
m
ed
ia
u
s
e
d
b
y
m
o
s
t
teac
h
er
s
in
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
.
I
n
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
h
o
w
th
at
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
6
%
o
f
teac
h
er
s
u
s
e
W
h
atsAp
p
as
a
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
iu
m
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
in
th
e
p
esa
n
tr
en
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
2
% o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
also
u
tili
ze
W
h
atsAp
p
as a
lea
r
n
in
g
m
e
d
iu
m
.
W
h
atsA
p
p
is
a
n
a
p
p
lic
ati
o
n
t
h
at
c
an
c
o
n
n
ec
t
u
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
w
o
r
ld
[
4
5
]
.
W
h
atsA
p
p
as
a
s
o
c
ial
m
ed
ia
all
o
ws
u
s
t
o
d
o
m
a
n
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
a
cti
v
i
ties
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
av
ail
ab
le
f
e
at
u
r
es
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e
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r
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e
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t
ili
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d
i
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o
n
li
n
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
th
at
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ta
il
o
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
m
ate
r
i
als
.
M
an
y
s
tu
d
i
es
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
at
W
h
atsA
p
p
s
o
cia
l
m
e
d
i
a
is
wi
d
el
y
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
o
n
l
i
n
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
at
all
le
v
els
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
[
4
6
]
–
[
4
8
]
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
,
o
n
l
in
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
W
h
ats
Ap
p
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
less
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
[
4
9
]
,
a
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
h
an
d
,
l
ea
r
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
W
h
atsA
p
p
c
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
ess
[
5
0
]
.
R
e
g
a
r
d
less
o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
cts
f
elt
b
y
tea
ch
er
s
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
W
h
atsA
p
p
is
v
e
r
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
iv
e
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
ac
ti
v
it
ies
wit
h
all
its
f
ea
t
u
r
es
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
b
ased
o
n
W
h
atsAp
p
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
in
s
o
m
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
s
es
o
th
er
m
ed
ia
th
at
a
r
e
q
u
ite
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e,
s
u
ch
as
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
,
e
m
a
il
,
Go
o
g
le
Dr
iv
e,
L
y
n
e,
an
d
S
k
y
p
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
m
e
d
ia
in
lear
n
in
g
is
n
o
t
as
m
ass
iv
e
as
W
h
atsAp
p
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
s
o
cia
l
m
ed
ia
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
co
m
p
lete
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e.
I
n
p
r
in
ci
p
le,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
in
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
i
n
g
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
ea
c
h
s
ch
o
o
l.
Af
ter
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
attac
k
ed
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
tim
e,
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
o
r
ig
in
ally
r
elied
o
n
W
h
atsAp
p
,
b
e
g
an
t
o
s
h
if
t
b
y
cr
ea
ti
n
g
v
ir
t
u
al
class
es
th
at
co
u
ld
b
r
in
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
g
eth
er
in
cy
b
er
s
p
a
ce
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
v
i
r
tu
al
class
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
in
o
n
li
n
e
lear
n
in
g
u
s
u
ally
u
s
es
s
ev
er
al
av
ailab
le
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
Go
o
g
le
C
lass
r
o
o
m
[
5
1
]
,
Z
o
o
m
Me
etin
g
[
5
2
]
,
[
5
3
]
,
Go
o
g
le
Me
et
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
,
an
d
W
eb
E
x
[
5
3
]
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
o
v
e
r
W
h
atsAp
p
is
th
at
th
e
r
e
is
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
is
u
s
u
ally
th
e
ca
s
e
in
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lear
n
in
g
.
T
ea
c
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
f
r
ee
r
to
in
ter
a
ct
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
a
w
eb
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
e
-
lear
n
in
g
Ma
d
r
a
s
a
h
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
o
f
f
icial
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
all
m
a
d
r
asas
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
p
r
o
v
id
es
lear
n
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Fo
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
n
d
er
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
C
u
ltu
r
e,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
R
u
ma
h
B
ela
ja
r
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
tea
ch
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
n
eith
er
p
latf
o
r
m
h
as
b
ee
n
f
u
lly
u
tili
ze
d
as
lear
n
in
g
m
e
d
ia
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
Ou
t
o
f
1
7
,
6
6
1
teac
h
er
s
,
o
n
ly
6
.
3
1
%
r
ep
o
r
te
d
u
s
in
g
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
a
d
r
asa
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
[
3
8
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
ad
r
asas
th
at
u
s
e
th
e
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
ad
r
asa
p
latf
o
r
m
h
as
r
ea
ch
ed
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
3
%,
wh
ile
t
ea
ch
er
s
wh
o
u
s
e
it
r
ea
ch
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
7
%.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
o
f
f
i
cia
l
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
p
la
tf
o
r
m
cr
ea
te
d
b
y
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
,
s
o
m
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
a
v
e
als
o
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
t
o
f
ac
i
lit
ate
o
n
li
n
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
.
T
w
o
p
es
a
n
t
r
en
-
b
ase
d
m
a
d
r
asas
in
Y
o
g
y
ak
ar
ta
h
a
v
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
e
d
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
,
w
h
i
c
h
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ac
c
ess
i
b
l
e
t
o
tea
ch
er
s
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
b
u
t
als
o
to
p
ar
en
ts
.
Ma
d
r
as
ah
M
u
a
lim
i
n
an
d
Ma
d
r
asa
h
A
l
-
J
a
u
h
a
r
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
ta
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
b
o
t
h
p
esa
n
tr
en
-
b
as
ed
,
h
a
v
e
t
h
ei
r
o
w
n
e
-
le
ar
n
i
n
g
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
.
B
o
t
h
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
u
s
e
d
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
o
n
li
n
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
as
a
m
e
d
i
u
m
o
f
le
ar
n
i
n
g
a
s
wel
l
as
co
n
s
u
lt
ati
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
te
ac
h
e
r
s
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
,
an
d
p
ar
e
n
ts
[
4
4
]
.
On
lin
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
is
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
all
p
eo
p
le
an
d
r
eg
i
o
n
s
.
Sig
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
cc
u
r
in
s
o
m
e
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t c
o
v
er
e
d
b
y
in
ter
n
et
s
ig
n
als.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
lo
w
-
in
co
m
e
f
am
ilies
f
in
d
it
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
o
ta
to
jo
in
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
i
n
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
s
u
ally
im
p
lem
en
t
a
m
ix
ed
o
n
lin
e
an
d
o
f
f
lin
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
p
o
licy
.
On
lin
e
lear
n
i
n
g
is
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
q
u
o
ta
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
wh
ile
o
f
f
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
is
in
te
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
wh
o
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
s
ig
n
al
an
d
q
u
o
t
a.
3
.
2
.
Dig
it
a
l le
a
rning
m
o
dels
du
ring
t
he
CO
VID
-
1
9
perio
d
T
h
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
le
ar
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
m
an
y
less
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
ab
o
u
t
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
th
at
ca
n
b
e
an
alter
n
ativ
e
in
ce
r
tain
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
an
d
liter
ac
y
in
ev
itab
ly
o
cc
u
r
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
way
s
,
b
o
th
th
r
o
u
g
h
tu
to
r
ials
o
n
Yo
u
T
u
b
e
c
h
an
n
els,
tr
ain
in
g
,
p
ee
r
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
au
to
d
id
ac
tically
.
On
lin
e
le
ar
n
in
g
also
m
a
k
es
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
wis
er
in
u
s
in
g
g
ad
g
ets.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
cr
is
is
,
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
p
ee
r
-
to
-
p
ee
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
wh
ile
to
d
a
y
,
it
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
k
ills
[
5
5
]
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
also
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
th
at
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
will
b
e
lar
g
ely
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
tea
ch
er
co
m
p
eten
c
e
as
well
as
tech
n
ical
m
ater
ials
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
5
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
-
b
as
ed
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
,
s
ev
er
al
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
em
er
g
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
-
f
r
o
m
-
h
o
m
e
p
o
licy
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
at
least
f
o
u
r
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ac
ticed
,
n
am
ely
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
,
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
-
b
a
s
ed
lear
n
in
g
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
b
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
So
cia
l m
edia
-
ba
s
ed
lea
rning
m
o
del
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
clo
s
u
r
e
p
o
licy
.
Face
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lear
n
in
g
s
u
d
d
e
n
ly
tr
an
s
itio
n
ed
in
to
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
with
all
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
.
W
h
atsAp
p
b
ec
am
e
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
ch
o
s
en
b
y
m
an
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
k
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
g
o
in
g
,
ev
e
n
with
o
u
t
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
m
ee
tin
g
s
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
W
h
atsAp
p
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
at
all
lev
els
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
6
]
–
[
4
8
]
.
T
h
e
o
n
l
in
e
s
u
r
v
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th
at
we
h
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co
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with
p
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th
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wid
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atsAp
p
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
as
an
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
m
e
d
iu
m
[
3
8
]
,
[
4
4
]
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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W
h
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wit
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c
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t
in
g
s
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en
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s
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n
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M
an
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atsA
p
p
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o
n
li
n
e
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ea
r
n
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n
g
[
5
7
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.
No
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h
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Ap
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en
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r
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i
n
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a
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atsA
p
p
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d
p
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b
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[
5
8
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.
W
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atsA
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p
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h
t
h
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ir
w
o
r
k
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
5
9
]
.
T
h
e
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es
u
lts
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h
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v
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d
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m
a
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p
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tr
e
n
,
as
s
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o
w
n
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
On
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in
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m
ed
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d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
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19
T
ab
le
1
.
Pra
ctica
l
u
s
e
o
f
W
h
atsAp
p
in
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
U
sag
e
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
S
e
n
d
m
e
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g
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s
(
p
r
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v
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t
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a
n
d
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r
o
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p
)
U
sed
t
o
s
e
n
d
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
n
d
a
ssi
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
e
x
t
,
f
i
l
e
s
(
w
o
r
d
,
P
D
F
,
P
P
T)
,
i
m
a
g
e
s/
p
h
o
t
o
s
,
v
i
d
e
o
s,
r
e
c
o
r
d
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n
g
s
,
a
n
d
o
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e
r
s.
W
h
a
t
sA
p
p
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u
p
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sed
a
s
a
d
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sc
u
ss
i
o
n
r
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m i
n
c
e
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t
a
i
n
c
l
a
sses
a
b
o
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t
m
a
t
e
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i
a
l
s a
n
d
a
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me
n
t
s.
V
o
i
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e
U
sed
t
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n
d
ma
t
e
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i
a
l
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
s
o
n
g
s
.
I
n
p
e
s
a
n
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e
n
,
v
o
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c
e
n
o
t
e
i
s
u
s
e
d
b
y
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
t
o
se
n
d
memo
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Q
u
r
a
n
(
m
u
ro
j
a
a
h
t
a
h
f
i
d
z
)
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
(
u
st
a
d
z
)
.
V
i
d
e
o
c
a
l
l
s
(
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
)
Th
i
s
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
w
i
d
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
t
a
h
f
i
d
z
p
e
s
a
n
t
re
n
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
f
o
r
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
w
i
l
l
d
e
p
o
si
t
t
h
e
memo
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Q
u
r
a
n
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
u
s
t
a
d
z
a
n
d
i
s
u
se
d
f
o
r
t
a
h
f
i
d
z
e
x
a
ms
.
C
a
l
l
(
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
)
Th
i
s
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
v
o
i
c
e
mess
a
g
e
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
e
i
t
h
e
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
l
y
o
r
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
I
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
t
h
i
s fe
a
t
u
r
e
i
s rar
e
l
y
u
se
d
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Virt
ua
l c
la
s
s
ro
o
m
-
ba
s
ed
lea
rning
m
o
del
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
co
m
es
a
wh
ile
af
t
er
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
h
as b
ee
n
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
,
wh
er
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
a
n
d
teac
h
e
r
s
h
av
e
s
tar
ted
to
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Vir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
s
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
b
u
ild
i
n
g
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
e
twee
n
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
th
ey
ca
n
m
ee
t
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e,
ev
en
in
a
d
ig
ital
s
p
ac
e.
Mo
s
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
a
v
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
s
[
6
0
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
lear
n
in
g
is
h
ig
h
ly
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
willin
g
n
ess
to
lea
r
n
,
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
6
1
]
.
Sev
er
al
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
im
p
lem
en
t
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els;
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ar
e
Go
o
g
le
C
lass
r
o
o
m
[
5
1
]
,
Z
o
o
m
[
5
2
]
,
[
5
3
]
,
Go
o
g
le
Me
et
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
,
a
n
d
W
eb
E
x
[
5
3
]
.
So
m
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
s
tates
th
at
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
is
wi
d
ely
u
s
ed
i
n
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
f
av
o
r
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
Z
o
o
m
[
5
2
]
a
n
d
Go
o
g
le
Me
et
[
6
2
]
.
Vir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
s
ca
n
s
tim
u
late
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ab
ilit
y
to
co
m
m
u
n
ic
ate,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
lectu
r
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
r
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
to
wo
r
k
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
esti
o
n
-
an
d
-
a
n
s
wer
in
ter
ac
tio
n
[
6
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ev
er
al
o
b
s
tacle
s
wer
e
en
c
o
u
n
te
r
ed
in
u
s
in
g
Z
o
o
m
in
clu
d
in
g
u
n
s
tab
le
o
n
lin
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es,
lim
ited
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
e
[
6
4
]
.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
es r
ed
u
ce
d
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
6
5
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
,
t
h
e
v
i
r
t
u
al
class
r
o
o
m
-
b
ase
d
o
n
li
n
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
is
im
p
l
em
e
n
te
d
i
n
a
lm
o
s
t
a
ll le
v
e
ls
o
f
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
,
f
r
o
m
el
em
en
ta
r
y
,
j
u
n
i
o
r
h
i
g
h
,
a
n
d
s
e
n
i
o
r
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
t
o
h
i
g
h
e
r
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
c
h
a
n
g
es
i
n
lea
r
n
i
n
g
h
a
b
its
b
et
wee
n
s
o
ci
al
m
e
d
i
a
-
b
ase
d
lea
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
-
b
as
ed
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
o
ci
al
m
e
d
ia
-
b
as
ed
le
ar
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
t
ea
c
h
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
ap
p
l
y
a
r
i
g
i
d
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e,
an
d
i
t
is
f
le
x
i
b
l
e,
wit
h
a
d
e
ad
li
n
e
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
leti
n
g
ass
i
g
n
m
e
n
ts
o
f
o
n
e
t
o
s
ix
d
a
y
s
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
am
e
ti
m
e
,
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
c
lass
-
b
as
e
d
le
ar
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
h
as
im
p
o
s
e
d
a
s
tr
ict
s
c
h
e
d
u
le
as
i
n
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
a
ce
cl
ass
es.
I
n
v
ir
tu
al
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
-
b
as
e
d
le
ar
n
i
n
g
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
an
d
t
ea
ch
er
s
a
r
e
als
o
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
t
o
w
ea
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
s
,
t
h
e
s
am
e
as
wh
e
n
f
a
ce
-
to
-
f
ac
e
cl
ass
es
r
u
n
n
o
r
m
al
ly
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
th
e
d
u
r
ati
o
n
o
f
v
i
r
t
u
al
cl
ass
es
is
v
e
r
y
s
h
o
r
t,
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
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o
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h
o
u
r
s
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D
esp
ite
t
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h
o
r
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r
ati
o
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t
h
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v
i
r
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class
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f
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d
f
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r
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ca
ti
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te
r
a
cti
o
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b
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en
t
ea
ch
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s
tu
d
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ts
.
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20%
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I
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J
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dig
ita
l le
a
r
n
in
g
mo
d
els:
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
o
f o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
a
n
d
emic
(
Umi
Mu
z
a
ya
n
a
h
)
1201
3
.
2
.
3
.
E
du
ca
t
io
n pla
t
f
o
rm
-
b
a
s
ed
lea
rning
m
o
del
T
h
is
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
u
tili
ze
s
elec
tr
o
n
ic
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
(
eL
MS)
th
at
ar
e
av
ailab
le
o
n
lin
e.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
,
two
m
in
is
tr
ies
th
at
o
v
er
s
ee
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
m
ad
r
asas
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
e
-
lea
r
n
in
g
Ma
d
r
a
s
a
h
f
o
r
m
ad
r
asas
an
d
R
u
ma
h
B
ela
ja
r
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Ma
n
y
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
av
ailab
le
o
n
b
o
th
p
latf
o
r
m
s
th
at
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
f
u
lf
il
th
e
lear
n
in
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
E
-
lear
n
in
g
Ma
d
r
a
s
a
h
allo
ws
teac
h
er
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
v
id
eo
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
o
u
t
a
tim
e
lim
i
t
a
n
d
f
r
ee
o
f
ch
a
r
g
e.
E
-
lear
n
in
g
Ma
d
r
a
s
a
h
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
ac
ilit
ies
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
p
u
ter
-
b
ased
e
x
am
s
th
at
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
to
r
ep
o
r
t
ca
r
d
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
ese
two
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
,
e
-
lear
n
in
g
Ma
d
r
a
s
a
h
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
an
d
d
ig
ital b
o
o
k
s
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
R
u
m
ah
B
ela
ja
r
p
latf
o
r
m
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
f
f
er
s
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
v
i
r
tu
al
class
es,
lear
n
i
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
q
u
esti
o
n
b
an
k
s
,
v
ir
tu
al
lab
s
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
ch
o
o
lb
o
o
k
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
e
-
lear
n
in
g
in
m
ad
r
asas
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
en
e
f
icial
as
a
to
o
l
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
6
6
]
,
[
6
7
]
an
d
ab
le
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
[
6
7
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
also
ag
r
ee
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
R
u
ma
h
B
ela
ja
r
p
latf
o
r
m
is
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
with
th
e
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
ar
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
ten
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
teac
h
er
s
an
d
v
id
eo
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
(
b
a
h
a
n
b
ela
j
a
r
in
te
r
a
ktif
/
B
B
I
)
th
at
m
an
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
lik
e.
T
h
e
R
u
ma
h
B
ela
ja
r
p
latf
o
r
m
ca
n
also
b
e
a
lear
n
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
r
in
d
is
aster
ar
ea
s
[
6
8
]
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
B
lended lea
rni
ng
m
o
del
B
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
is
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
a
m
ix
o
f
o
n
lin
e
an
d
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
e
b
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
im
p
l
em
en
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic
is
wid
ely
a
d
o
p
t
ed
b
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
ce
r
tain
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
in
ter
n
et
i
s
d
if
f
icu
lt,
b
len
d
e
d
lear
n
in
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
a
p
p
l
y
in
g
p
ar
tly
o
n
lin
e
v
ia
W
h
atsAp
p
an
d
p
ar
tly
lim
ited
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
ch
o
o
ls
wh
er
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
b
o
ar
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
im
p
lem
en
t
o
f
f
lin
e
lear
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
em
,
wh
ich
is
also
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
a
lim
ited
b
asis
.
B
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
is
also
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
u
s
ed
b
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
f
o
r
p
o
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
ca
n
n
o
t a
f
f
o
r
d
in
te
r
n
et
q
u
o
tas.
T
h
e
b
le
n
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
c
an
b
e
a
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
allo
w
f
o
r
f
u
ll
clien
t
lear
n
in
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
b
l
en
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
h
as
also
b
ee
n
p
r
ac
ticed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
er
io
d
,
wh
er
e
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
g
r
a
d
u
ally
b
eg
a
n
to
tr
an
s
itio
n
b
ac
k
to
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lear
n
in
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
also
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
n
o
te
th
e
wea
k
n
ess
es
o
f
b
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
r
es
u
lts
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
wea
k
n
ess
es
is
in
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
all
s
u
b
jects,
lack
o
f
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
in
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ec
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o
l
o
g
ical
m
ea
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s
,
a
n
d
lack
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
[
6
9
]
.
3
.
3
.
Dig
it
a
l le
a
rning
m
o
dels
po
s
t
t
he
CO
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-
1
9
perio
d:
a
lea
rning
inn
o
v
a
t
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Dig
ital
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ased
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n
lin
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m
p
lem
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u
r
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C
OVI
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-
1
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r
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g
o
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ex
p
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ce
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
tec
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n
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lo
g
y
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n
lear
n
i
n
g
as
well
as
ac
ce
ler
atin
g
th
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
co
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v
en
tio
n
al
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
to
d
ig
ital
lear
n
in
g
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lea
r
n
in
g
was
f
o
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ce
d
to
tr
an
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itio
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to
o
n
lin
e
lear
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in
g
wh
ich
was m
o
s
tly
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ased
o
n
d
i
g
ital le
ar
n
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g
.
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ter
th
e
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n
d
o
f
th
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p
an
d
em
ic,
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ig
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ased
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lin
e
lear
n
in
g
is
n
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lo
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g
er
a
co
m
p
u
ls
io
n
,
b
u
t
r
ath
er
a
ch
o
ice
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
‘
f
o
r
ce
d
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
teac
h
in
g
with
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
as
p
ar
t
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
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in
g
ca
n
g
r
a
d
u
ally
g
iv
e
p
lac
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to
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h
ar
m
o
n
io
u
s
in
teg
r
atio
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o
f
p
h
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ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
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d
m
eth
o
d
s
in
th
e
in
ter
est
o
f
m
o
r
e
ac
tiv
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f
le
x
i
b
le
an
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
lear
n
in
g
[
7
0
]
.
E
-
lear
n
in
g
d
esig
n
ca
n
b
e
a
ca
taly
s
t
f
o
r
d
ee
p
e
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lear
n
in
g
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esig
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
at
a
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
le
v
el
[
7
1
]
.
T
h
e
o
n
l
in
e
le
ar
n
in
g
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
an
d
em
i
c
h
a
s
h
ad
a
p
o
s
i
ti
v
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i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
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r
r
en
t
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
s
.
Ko
f
f
[
7
2
]
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
s
it
iv
e
i
m
p
a
ct
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c
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ta
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te
ch
n
o
lo
g
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d
th
e
im
p
o
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tan
ce
o
f
s
o
c
ia
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co
n
s
t
r
u
c
tiv
i
s
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
in
d
ig
i
ta
l
l
ea
r
n
in
g
.
H
e
id
en
t
if
ied
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
l
ea
r
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
cl
a
s
s
r
o
o
m
r
e
s
p
o
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e
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y
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t
em
s
,
T
w
it
te
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d
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s
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s
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i
o
n
s
,
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lo
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in
g
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d
v
id
eo
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r
o
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u
ct
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n
.
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
p
o
t
en
t
ia
l
f
o
r
in
cr
e
as
ed
s
tu
d
en
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en
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ag
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m
en
t
,
Ad
ey
in
k
a
-
Ojo
an
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I
k
u
m
o
r
o
[
7
3
]
u
n
d
er
lin
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
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t
io
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a
n
d
a
cc
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le
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tio
n
o
f
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ig
i
ta
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tec
h
n
o
lo
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u
c
at
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.
Ho
w
ev
er
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i
t
is
u
n
d
en
iab
le
th
a
t
f
a
ce
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to
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f
ac
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lea
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i
s
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t
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im
p
o
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an
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to
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r
d
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r
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ch
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C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
[
7
4
]
.
Op
p
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ited
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m
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ce
lear
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lin
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T
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lear
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ch
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l.
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g
ex
p
e
r
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ce
im
p
lem
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ted
d
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r
in
g
C
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D
-
1
9
h
as
led
to
s
ev
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al
lear
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o
d
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in
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o
v
atio
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s
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ar
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le
ast
f
o
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lear
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o
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I
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d
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ased
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m
-
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ased
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l
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lear
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e
d
u
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p
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m
-
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ased
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li
n
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lear
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d
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len
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lear
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in
g
.
Sch
o
o
l a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
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s
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p
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t d
eter
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in
e
th
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n
l
in
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lear
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m
o
d
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ap
p
lied
.
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r
ex
am
p
le,
s
ch
o
o
ls
lo
ca
ted
in
u
r
b
an
a
r
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ca
n
im
p
lem
en
t
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n
lin
e
lear
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i
n
g
en
tire
ly
b
ased
o
n
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
Sch
o
o
ls
th
at
h
av
e
s
tr
o
n
g
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
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s
u
p
p
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t
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h
u
m
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r
eso
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u
s
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ally
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ev
elo
p
a
n
eL
MS
f
o
r
all
lear
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in
g
a
n
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
ac
tiv
ities
.
Me
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wh
ile,
s
ch
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o
ls
in
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p
lem
en
t
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
W
h
atsAp
p
as
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
e
d
i
u
m
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
E
v
en
in
ar
ea
s
th
at
d
o
n
o
t h
av
e
in
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
,
o
f
f
lin
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
i
n
g
is
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
with
v
ar
io
u
s
r
estr
ictio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lea
r
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
is
a
v
alu
ab
le
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
.
Vir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
f
o
r
e
x
am
p
le,
ca
n
b
r
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
to
g
eth
er
d
ir
ec
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
cy
b
er
s
p
ac
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Go
o
g
le
C
lass
r
o
o
m
[
5
1
]
,
Z
o
o
m
[
5
2
]
,
[
5
3
]
,
Go
o
g
le
Me
et
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
,
d
a
n
W
eb
E
x
[
5
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
in
a
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
a
r
ea
l
class
r
o
o
m
in
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
h
as
also
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
eL
MS
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
eith
er
cr
ea
te
d
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
-
cr
ea
ted
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
eL
MS
h
as
h
a
d
a
b
en
ef
icial
ef
f
ec
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
o
n
lear
n
in
g
as a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
g
ag
em
en
t
[
7
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
teac
h
e
r
s
k
ills
an
d
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
av
ailab
le
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
3
4
]
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
m
o
s
t
teac
h
er
s
(
7
1
.
6
0
%)
wh
o
f
illed
o
u
t
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
tated
th
at
th
ey
h
a
d
n
ev
er
atten
d
e
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
ain
in
g
[
3
8
]
.
E
v
e
n
s
o
,
th
ey
s
tated
th
at
th
ey
wer
e
r
ea
d
y
an
d
en
th
u
s
iast
ic
ab
o
u
t
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
.
T
ea
c
h
er
s
f
ee
l
m
o
tiv
ate
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
ei
r
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
an
d
u
s
e
d
ig
ital
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
teac
h
[
7
6
]
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
9
2
.
6
8
%
o
f
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
tr
y
in
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
s
k
il
ls
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ies
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
[
7
7
]
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
'
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
i
s
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
o
p
en
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
n
lin
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
b
ein
g
p
ar
t o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
lear
n
i
n
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
teac
h
er
s
k
ills
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
i
g
ital
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
also
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
d
i
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
av
ailab
le
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
s
ev
er
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
m
a
d
r
asas
,
an
d
p
esa
n
tr
en
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
all
civ
ita
s
,
as
well
as
p
ar
en
ts
.
T
wo
p
latf
o
r
m
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
n
a
m
ely
e
-
lear
n
in
g
Ma
d
r
a
s
a
h
an
d
R
u
ma
h
B
ela
ja
r
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
u
s
ef
u
l
as
a
to
o
l
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
6
7
]
an
d
ab
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
[
1
3
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
also
ag
r
ee
th
at
t
h
e
R
u
ma
h
B
el
a
ja
r
p
latf
o
r
m
is
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
with
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
ea
t
u
r
es
th
at
ar
e
m
o
s
t o
f
ten
u
s
ed
b
y
tea
ch
er
s
an
d
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
lear
n
in
g
v
id
eo
c
o
n
ten
t
[
6
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
m
ak
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
alter
n
ativ
e
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
v
er
y
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
d
e
m
an
d
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
wh
e
r
e
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
life
alr
ea
d
y
d
ep
en
d
o
n
d
ig
ital
d
ev
ices.
I
n
d
ir
e
ctly
,
th
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
o
f
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic
is
an
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wo
r
ld
to
war
d
s
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
g
o
o
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
n
t
in
u
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
an
e
L
MS
in
all
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
as
an
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
is
eL
MS,
th
e
b
len
d
e
d
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
is
v
er
y
lik
ely
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
m
ee
t
o
f
f
lin
e
m
ee
tin
g
s
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
h
a
b
itu
at
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
lear
n
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dig
ita
l le
a
r
n
in
g
mo
d
els:
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
o
f o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
a
n
d
emic
(
Umi
Mu
z
a
ya
n
a
h
)
1203
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
h
as
le
d
to
m
an
y
lear
n
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
m
o
s
t o
f
wh
ich
a
r
e
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
lin
e.
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
cr
is
is
th
at
ca
u
s
es
lim
itatio
n
s
in
all
asp
ec
t
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
teac
h
er
s
to
co
n
tin
u
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Fro
m
th
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
,
o
r
d
is
aster
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
els
th
at
we
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
ar
e
f
o
u
r
,
n
am
ely
:
i
)
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
-
b
ased
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
;
ii
)
v
ir
tu
al
cl
ass
-
b
ased
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
;
iii
)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
-
b
ased
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
;
a
n
d
iv
)
b
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
i
g
ital
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
h
as
h
a
d
a
b
en
ef
icial
ef
f
ec
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic
o
n
lear
n
in
g
as a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
v
alu
a
b
le
s
cien
tific
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
d
i
g
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
as
alter
n
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
n
o
w
a
n
d
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
p
o
licy
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
is
r
esear
c
h
is
th
at
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
m
o
te
m
o
r
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
ti
o
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
to
th
e
ty
p
es o
f
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
Fu
r
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