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Qu
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CC B
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:
Ath
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8
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3
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Pir
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Gr
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I
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UCT
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C
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-
1
9
p
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d
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E
v
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wo
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k
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f
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m
h
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[
1
]
.
E
d
u
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tio
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p
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lar
l
y
af
f
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Desp
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[
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.
A
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B
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[
3
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t
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e
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p
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ies
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o
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q
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f
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,
with
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ar
k
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with
lo
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m
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u
ca
tio
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.
Fo
r
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x
am
p
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Ma
n
o
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a
r
an
et
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l.
[
4
]
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
cr
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r
ev
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o
f
f
o
cu
s
ed
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p
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lin
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n
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d
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lt
lear
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E
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h
as
a
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d
lan
g
u
ag
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class
es
d
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r
in
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th
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C
OVI
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-
1
9
p
a
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d
em
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r
e
v
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g
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
is
p
ar
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in
ch
allen
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es f
ac
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b
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g
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asizin
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is
tin
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t
ed
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ca
tio
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if
f
icu
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.
I
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a
Delp
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s
tu
d
y
b
y
Käp
p
lin
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e
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a
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L
ich
te
[
5
]
,
in
ter
v
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d
5
0
in
ter
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ex
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A
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p
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1303
in
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p
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in
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d
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p
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b
etwe
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tr
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g
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co
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was th
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.
R
ese
a
r
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b
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C
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.
[
6
]
a
r
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
n
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ic
o
n
t
h
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
ad
u
lts
in
Gr
ee
ce
,
p
a
y
i
n
g
att
e
n
tio
n
t
o
t
h
eir
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
b
e
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a
v
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.
T
h
e
r
es
ea
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c
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s
h
o
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ase
d
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ir
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Kar
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R
a
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[
7
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w
h
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g
a
te
d
th
e
t
ea
ch
in
g
o
f
a
d
u
lt
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
t
G
r
ee
k
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
ies
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
p
er
i
o
d
.
A
d
u
lt
le
ar
n
e
r
s
a
r
g
u
e
d
t
h
a
t
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
a
ce
le
a
r
n
in
g
c
o
v
er
s
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
b
ei
n
g
ta
u
g
h
t
t
o
a
g
r
ea
t
er
ex
t
e
n
t.
R
e
g
a
r
d
in
g
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
i
n
a
tte
n
d
i
n
g
cl
ass
es
,
o
t
h
e
r
s
s
aid
t
h
e
y
f
ee
l
c
o
m
f
o
r
ta
b
l
e
atte
n
d
i
n
g
c
lass
an
d
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
in
g
i
n
class
,
wh
ile
o
t
h
er
s
s
ai
d
t
h
e
y
co
n
ce
n
t
r
a
te
b
e
tte
r
a
n
d
e
x
p
r
ess
th
em
s
elv
es
m
o
r
e
w
h
en
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
in
g
r
e
m
o
tel
y
f
r
o
m
a
co
m
p
u
te
r
.
Ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
cieties
s
in
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
it
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
th
ese
s
o
cieties
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
r
ed
.
I
t
ca
n
h
elp
m
o
d
er
n
m
an
t
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
s
o
cial
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
ch
an
g
es
tak
in
g
p
lace
an
d
to
b
etter
ad
ap
t
to
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
tly
ch
a
n
g
in
g
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
o
f
s
o
ciety
.
Als
o
,
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
en
r
ich
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
[
8
]
.
At
th
e
s
tate
lev
el,
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
Gr
e
ec
e
b
eg
a
n
i
n
1
9
2
9
with
th
e
aim
o
f
co
m
b
atin
g
illi
ter
ac
y
.
Ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
n
g
with
life
lo
n
g
lea
r
n
in
g
c
o
o
r
d
in
ate
d
with
th
e
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
p
o
licies
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Un
io
n
o
v
er
th
e
last
th
r
ee
d
ec
a
d
es.
T
h
e
y
ea
r
1
9
9
6
was
d
ec
lar
ed
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
y
ea
r
o
f
life
lo
n
g
le
ar
n
in
g
an
d
s
in
ce
th
en
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
u
n
d
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
lau
n
ch
e
d
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
9
]
.
Sin
ce
2
0
1
1
,
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
u
r
s
es
in
Gr
ee
ce
ar
e
h
eld
in
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
ce
n
ter
s
th
at
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
b
y
m
u
n
i
cip
ality
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
ese
ce
n
t
er
s
o
f
f
er
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
f
r
ee
co
u
r
s
es
(
ec
o
n
o
m
y
-
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
,
q
u
ality
o
f
li
f
e
-
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
,
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
an
d
ac
tio
n
s
,
cu
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
a
r
t,
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
s
o
cial
g
r
o
u
p
s
)
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
Gr
ee
k
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
o
u
t
b
r
ea
k
h
as
af
f
ec
ted
p
e
o
p
le
’
s
liv
es
at
all
lev
els.
T
h
u
s
,
ad
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
was
also
af
f
ec
ted
.
Ad
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
af
f
ec
te
d
h
ar
d
est
b
ec
au
s
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
it
was
b
ased
o
n
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
e
d
u
ce
d
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
itu
atio
n
,
b
u
t
also
in
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
f
u
tu
r
e
p
an
d
em
ic
an
d
o
th
e
r
em
er
g
en
cies
ar
e
lik
ely
t
o
o
cc
u
r
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
L
o
p
es
an
d
Mc
Kay
[
1
2
]
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
n
p
a
n
d
em
ic
is
s
u
es
s
o
th
at
t
r
ain
ed
a
d
u
lts
ca
n
d
ea
l
with
s
i
m
ilar
s
itu
atio
n
s
b
y
ac
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
an
d
p
r
o
te
ctiv
e
f
o
r
t
h
em
s
elv
es
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
An
im
p
o
r
tan
t
is
s
u
e
to
ad
d
r
e
s
s
is
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
em
er
g
en
cies
in
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
f
u
lf
il
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
I
t
will
tak
e
tim
e
to
d
ea
l
with
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
i
c
in
ev
er
y
a
r
ea
o
f
life
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
ad
u
lt e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
attem
p
ts
to
p
r
esen
t
ad
u
lt e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
Gr
ee
k
m
u
n
i
cip
alities
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
an
d
it d
o
es n
o
t c
o
n
ce
r
n
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
ab
o
u
t
ad
u
lt e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
b
u
t d
escr
ib
es
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t sit
u
atio
n
an
d
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
way
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
it.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Fo
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
r
esear
ch
b
eg
a
n
to
b
e
u
s
ed
r
e
g
u
lar
ly
in
th
e
lat
e
1
9
6
0
s
an
d
h
as
g
r
o
wn
in
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
e
v
er
y
y
ea
r
s
in
ce
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
ess
en
tially
a
way
to
l
is
ten
to
p
eo
p
le
an
d
lear
n
f
r
o
m
th
em
.
I
t
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
e
twee
n
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
as
well
as
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
em
s
elv
es
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
y
g
en
er
a
lly
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
one
-
tim
e
m
ee
tin
g
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
s
wh
o
eith
er
k
n
o
w
o
r
d
o
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
a
n
d
h
av
e
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
[
1
5
]
.
A
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
is
a
s
p
ec
ial
ty
p
e
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
s
ize,
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
I
t
is
a
s
m
all
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
5
-
8
p
eo
p
le
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
tim
es
4
-
1
2
p
e
o
p
le
,
wh
o
h
a
v
e
ce
r
tain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
co
m
m
o
n
th
at
r
elate
t
o
th
e
t
o
p
ic
o
f
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
in
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
to
h
elp
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
in
ter
est.
Par
ticip
an
ts
,
wh
o
h
av
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
ar
e
i
n
v
ited
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
[
1
6
]
.
Qu
ali
tativ
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
e
wo
r
d
s
t
o
d
escr
ib
e
tr
en
d
s
o
r
p
atter
n
s
in
r
esear
ch
s
ettin
g
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
in
q
u
ir
y
is
r
ich
d
escr
ip
tiv
e.
Data
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
ex
ce
r
p
ts
an
d
q
u
o
tes co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
[
1
8
]
.
M
u
n
i
c
i
p
a
l
it
y
o
f
P
i
r
a
e
u
s
is
t
h
e
th
i
r
d
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
m
u
n
i
c
i
p
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
s
e
t
t
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
G
r
e
e
c
e
.
P
i
r
a
e
u
s
is
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
p
o
r
t
o
f
G
r
e
e
c
e
,
b
u
t
a
l
s
o
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
p
o
r
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
M
e
d
i
t
e
r
r
a
n
e
a
n
S
e
a
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
a
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
p
a
r
tl
y
t
o
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
t
h
e
c
as
e
u
n
d
e
r
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
al
s
o
,
a
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
,
t
o
s
h
e
d
li
g
h
t
o
n
a
l
a
r
g
e
r
c
l
as
s
o
f
c
as
es
p
u
t
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
t
o
a
la
r
g
e
r
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
[
2
0
]
.
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
is
a
n
as
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
d
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
.
E
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
h
o
u
l
d
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
t
o
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
ts
’
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
[
2
1
]
.
2
.
1
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
-
f
o
cus
g
ro
up
s
q
ues
t
io
ns
T
wo
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
p
ar
ticip
ate
d
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
R
esear
ch
g
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
3
0
2
-
1
3
0
9
1304
two
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
g
ath
e
r
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
less
tim
e,
a
s
Fer
n
[
2
2
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
two
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
eig
h
t
p
eo
p
le
to
g
eth
er
c
o
u
ld
g
en
er
a
te
alm
o
s
t
as
m
an
y
id
ea
s
as
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
i
n
ter
v
iews
with
th
e
s
am
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
eo
p
le
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
o
n
e
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
d
ep
th
an
d
ar
e
clo
s
er
to
wh
at
p
e
o
p
le
r
ea
lly
th
in
k
a
n
d
f
ee
l,
m
ak
in
g
wo
r
k
in
g
with
two
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
clea
r
ly
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t [
2
4
]
.
W
e
ch
o
s
e
as
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
v
iews
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
L
if
el
o
n
g
o
f
f
ices
as
b
o
th
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
an
d
a
d
u
lt
lear
n
er
s
h
ad
d
ir
ec
t
ac
ce
s
s
to
it
an
d
it
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
n
eu
t
r
al
s
cien
tific
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
in
q
u
ir
y
in
t
o
th
e
to
p
ic
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
A
to
tal
o
f
o
n
e
m
ee
tin
g
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
g
r
o
u
p
wa
s
h
eld
in
J
u
ly
2
0
2
0
with
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
last
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
an
d
a
h
alf
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
b
etwe
en
f
o
u
r
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
a
n
d
th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
to
o
k
p
lace
in
an
o
f
f
ice
an
d
th
ey
in
c
lu
d
ed
a
m
o
d
er
ato
r
wh
o
lead
s
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
h
av
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
b
ee
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
te
r
v
iew
an
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
th
ey
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
also
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
at
th
eir
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
will
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
an
d
ass
u
r
ed
th
at
th
eir
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
will
b
e
g
u
ar
an
teed
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
ask
ed
t
o
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
er
e
was
a
g
en
e
r
al
q
u
esti
o
n
(
w
h
at
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
itu
atio
n
in
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
elate
d
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic?
)
a
n
d
two
f
o
llo
w
-
up
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
-
W
h
at
d
o
y
o
u
th
in
k
o
f
th
e
n
ew
s
itu
atio
n
?
-
I
f
y
o
u
c
o
u
ld
o
f
f
er
a
p
iece
o
f
ad
v
ice
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
at
p
iece
o
f
ad
v
ice
wo
u
ld
y
o
u
o
f
f
er
?
2
.
2
.
P
ro
ce
du
re
:
f
o
cus
g
ro
up
s
inte
rv
iews
2
.
2
.
1
.
G
ener
a
l
qu
estio
n:
w
ha
t
is
t
he
curr
ent
s
it
ua
t
io
n
in
a
du
lt
educa
t
io
n
re
la
t
ed
t
o
CO
VID
-
19
pa
nd
em
ic?
a.
F
o
cus
g
ro
up
1
E
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
in
ter
v
iewe
d
a
n
aly
z
ed
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
in
ad
u
lt e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
u
n
til
to
d
ay
.
“
Th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
itu
a
tio
n
r
ela
ted
to
t
h
e
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
emic
h
a
s
a
ffected
lea
r
n
in
g
a
t
a
ll
leve
ls
,
esp
ec
ia
lly
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
”
I
t
was
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
p
r
ev
e
n
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
r
esu
lted
in
th
e
clo
s
u
r
e
o
f
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
er
v
ices.
I
t
is
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
to
n
o
te
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
at
it
ap
p
ea
r
ed
th
at
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
’
s
p
r
io
r
ities
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
ey
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
,
“
a
lth
o
u
g
h
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
h
a
s
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
s
ch
o
o
ls
a
n
d
u
n
ivers
ities
to
u
s
e
o
n
lin
e
a
n
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
,
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
d
id
n
o
t
a
ttr
a
ct
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t
a
tten
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
fir
s
t
w
a
ve
o
f
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
.
”
As
a
r
esu
lt,
a
d
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
er
v
ices
wer
e
a
b
r
u
p
tly
clo
s
ed
.
At
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
2
0
2
0
,
alm
o
s
t
h
al
f
(
2
0
)
o
f
th
e
ad
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
c
o
u
r
s
es
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
in
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
I
t
is
also
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
at,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
to
o
k
c
ar
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
atio
n
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
u
s
in
g
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
r
e
was
n
o
s
im
ilar
d
ec
is
io
n
f
o
r
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
,
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
o
r
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
th
e
p
o
s
tp
o
n
e
m
en
t
o
f
all
class
es
an
d
th
e
r
e
was
n
o
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
A
litt
le
later
,
in
Ma
y
2
0
2
0
,
it
was
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
th
at
o
n
ly
f
o
u
r
co
u
r
s
es
(
Sp
an
is
h
lan
g
u
ag
e,
i
n
ter
n
et
to
o
ls
,
wo
r
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
)
wo
u
ld
b
e
h
eld
b
y
t
h
e
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
cen
ter
,
“
th
u
s
ex
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
o
th
er
lear
n
er
s
wh
o
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
o
th
er
a
d
u
lt p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
”
.
b.
F
o
cus
g
ro
up
2
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
r
e
p
o
r
ts
th
at
with
th
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
t
h
e
p
an
d
em
ic,
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
2
0
2
0
,
p
eo
p
le
wer
e
lo
ck
ed
in
th
eir
h
o
m
es
an
d
all
ac
tiv
ities
s
to
p
p
ed
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
r
e
p
o
r
t
,
“
Go
ve
r
n
men
t
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
s
p
r
ec
lu
d
ed
a
d
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
cla
s
s
es
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
h
eld
o
n
lin
e
.
”
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
a
ls
o
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
in
Ma
y
2
0
2
0
it
was
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
th
at
4
co
u
r
s
es
o
u
t
o
f
2
0
wo
u
l
d
b
e
h
eld
,
th
u
s
ex
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
1
4
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
em
in
ar
s
.
I
t is also
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
r
s
es,
as
“
ma
n
y
o
f u
s
do
n
o
t
h
a
ve
d
ev
ices th
a
t we c
a
n
u
s
e
fo
r
o
n
lin
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
.
”
2
.
2
.
2
.
F
o
llo
w
-
up
qu
estio
n 1
:
wha
t
do
y
o
u t
hin
k
o
f
t
he
new
s
it
ua
t
io
n?
a.
F
o
cus
g
ro
up
1
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
in
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
m
o
s
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
in
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
d
ig
ital
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
th
e
ab
o
v
e
wea
k
n
ess
,
r
esu
lted
in
th
e
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
b
ein
g
h
it
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
h
ar
d
.
Descr
ib
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
itu
atio
n
,
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
ty
p
ically
s
tate
th
at
“
th
e
s
itu
a
tio
n
in
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
a
s
u
n
s
ta
b
le
in
terms
o
f
s
ys
t
em
o
p
era
tio
n
a
n
d
d
elive
r
y
.
”
I
t
is
also
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
at
,
“
th
e
cris
is
w
ill
p
r
o
b
a
b
ly
w
o
r
s
en
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
p
r
o
b
l
ems.
A
s
mo
s
t
a
d
u
lt
lea
r
n
ers
d
o
n
o
t e
ve
n
h
a
ve
b
a
s
ic
d
ig
ita
l skills
,
th
ey
a
r
e
a
t ris
k
o
f in
crea
s
ed
is
o
la
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
a
d
va
n
t
a
g
e
.
”
b.
F
o
cus
g
ro
up
2
Descr
ib
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
itu
atio
n
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
tates
th
at
th
e
n
ew
s
itu
atio
n
th
at
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
“
h
a
s
tu
r
n
ed
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms
a
n
d
a
tten
d
a
n
ce
u
p
s
id
e
d
o
w
n
.
”
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
also
cites
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
is
s
u
es
th
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
d
u
lt e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
in
Greek
mu
n
icip
a
liti
es d
u
r
in
g
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
emic
(
A
th
a
n
a
s
ia
N
ta
fo
u
)
1305
“
h
in
d
er
th
e
w
id
er
a
n
d
p
erma
n
en
t
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
”
T
h
e
elem
en
t
t
h
at
is
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
em
p
h
asized
is
“
d
ig
ital
p
o
v
er
ty
”
,
wh
ile
th
e
n
ee
d
“
f
o
r
r
e
f
lectio
n
a
n
d
p
la
n
n
in
g
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
”
is
u
n
d
er
lin
ed
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
n
ew
s
itu
atio
n
is
em
p
h
asized
:
“
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
h
a
s
a
ke
y
r
o
le
to
p
la
y
a
s
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
mic
a
n
d
me
n
ta
l c
h
a
l
len
g
es w
e
fa
ce
.
”
2
.
2
.
3
.
F
o
llo
w
-
up
qu
estio
n 2
:
if
y
o
u
co
uld
o
f
f
er
a
piece
o
f
a
dv
ice
re
g
a
rding
t
he
im
pro
v
e
m
ent
o
f
t
he
a
du
lt
educa
t
io
n,
wha
t
piece
o
f
a
dv
ice
wo
uld
y
o
u o
f
f
er
?
a.
F
o
cus
g
ro
up
1
W
ith
th
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
ex
is
tin
g
wea
k
n
ess
es
an
d
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
wer
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ed
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
th
e
lack
o
f
d
ig
ital
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
m
a
n
y
ad
u
lt
lear
n
e
r
s
.
I
t
is
em
p
h
asized
th
at
,
“
it
is
fu
n
d
a
men
ta
l
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
cc
ess
to
d
ig
ita
l
lea
r
n
in
g
to
o
ls
a
n
d
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
I
t
is
imp
o
r
ta
n
t
fo
r
a
d
u
lt
lea
r
n
ers
to
h
a
ve
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
lea
r
n
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
.
”
Als
o
,
th
e
“
tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
”
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
to
allo
w
lear
n
e
r
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
k
ills
an
d
r
es
p
o
n
d
b
etter
to
th
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
b.
F
o
cus
g
ro
up
2
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
b
etter
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
t
h
in
g
th
at
th
is
g
r
o
u
p
em
p
h
asizes.
I
t
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tically
s
tated
th
at
,
“
th
e
d
ig
ita
l
g
a
p
is
fu
n
d
a
men
ta
l
to
en
a
b
le
th
e
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
to
d
ig
ita
l
lea
r
n
in
g
.
”
T
h
e
lack
o
r
in
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
m
an
y
ad
u
lts
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
.
Als
o
,
an
elem
en
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
th
is
g
r
o
u
p
is
“
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
r
is
k
-
r
e
d
u
cin
g
b
eh
av
io
r
”
an
d
“
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
etter
life
s
k
ills
.
”
“
We
n
ee
d
o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l,
s
o
cia
l,
in
terp
ers
o
n
a
l,
emo
tio
n
a
l
a
n
d
p
s
yc
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
s
kills
.
”
I
t
is
also
p
o
in
te
d
o
u
t
t
h
at
d
is
tan
ce
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
r
ep
lace
tr
ad
it
io
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
as
“
th
e
mo
s
t
imp
o
r
ta
n
t
o
f
a
ll
i
s
t
h
e
men
ta
l
co
n
ta
ct
w
e
h
a
ve
w
it
h
o
u
r
tea
ch
ers
a
n
d
w
ith
ea
ch
o
th
er
a
n
d
th
e
jo
y
o
f
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
n
tici
p
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
n
ex
t m
ee
tin
g
.
”
Af
ter
we
f
in
is
h
ed
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
we
ask
ed
th
em
if
th
er
e
is
an
y
th
in
g
else
th
ey
ha
d
lik
e
to
tell
u
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
to
p
ic.
Fin
ally
,
we
th
an
k
ed
th
em
f
o
r
s
h
ar
i
n
g
th
eir
th
o
u
g
h
ts
with
u
s
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
o
u
r
o
v
er
all
im
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
’
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fo
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
m
en
ts
wer
e
t
r
an
s
cr
ib
ed
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ca
teg
o
r
ized
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
Atlas.ti
s
o
f
twar
e
[
2
7
]
.
Atlas.ti
i
s
a
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
to
o
l
th
at
h
elp
s
in
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
.
Po
r
tio
n
s
o
f
d
ata
ar
e
m
ar
k
ed
,
cr
ea
tin
g
q
u
o
tes,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
in
tex
t,
g
r
ap
h
ic,
au
d
io
o
r
v
id
eo
f
o
r
m
at.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
[
2
8
]
an
d
it
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
b
o
th
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
its
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
wh
o
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
o
n
th
e
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
f
o
r
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
llo
we
d
in
co
n
ce
p
tu
alizin
g
,
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
a
n
d
s
o
r
tin
g
o
u
t
p
iece
s
o
f
d
ata
an
d
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
ese
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
I
t
is
a
s
o
f
twar
e
q
u
alitativ
e
co
u
s
in
to
s
tatis
t
ical
p
ac
k
ag
es lik
e
SP
SS
o
r
SAS [
2
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
cr
ea
ted
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
id
en
tifie
d
co
d
e
s
in
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
alo
n
g
with
th
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
m
ai
n
p
o
i
n
ts
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
iews
o
f
th
e
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
r
e
th
e
n
m
en
tio
n
ed
.
B
r
o
ad
er
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
wer
e
d
r
aw
n
f
r
o
m
th
eir
an
s
wer
s
an
d
b
o
th
th
e
p
o
i
n
ts
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
in
ts
o
f
d
iv
er
g
en
ce
o
f
th
eir
o
p
in
io
n
s
wer
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Netwo
r
k
o
f
co
d
es id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
3
0
2
-
1
3
0
9
1306
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
v
iews,
b
elief
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
th
e
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
an
d
ad
u
lt
lear
n
er
s
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
wr
itten
in
n
ar
r
ativ
e
f
o
r
m
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
an
s
wer
s
an
d
q
u
o
tes
an
d
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
m
ain
im
p
et
u
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
m
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tate
o
f
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
o
w
we
g
o
t
to
it,
as
well
as
way
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
r
elativ
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
v
iews
g
ath
er
e
d
b
y
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
e
n
ts
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
th
eir
m
em
b
er
s
.
B
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
ap
p
ea
r
to
b
e
d
is
s
ati
s
f
ied
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
way
in
wh
ich
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
t
s
er
v
ice
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
r
esp
o
n
d
e
d
to
th
e
o
u
t
b
r
ea
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic.
T
h
e
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
(
g
r
o
u
p
1
)
s
ee
m
ed
willin
g
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
b
y
f
in
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
f
lex
i
b
le
way
s
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
h
av
i
n
g
,
o
f
c
o
u
r
s
e,
th
e
r
elev
an
t
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
t
m
in
is
tr
y
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
u
lts
to
b
e
tr
ain
ed
in
o
n
lin
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Ad
u
lt
lear
n
e
r
s
(
g
r
o
u
p
2
)
b
eliev
e
th
at
th
e
tr
ad
it
io
n
al
way
o
f
teac
h
in
g
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
th
e
o
n
lin
e.
T
h
er
e
is
also
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
etter
s
o
cial,
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
s
k
ills
th
at
wo
u
ld
h
elp
esp
ec
ially
ad
u
lt
lear
n
er
s
in
a
r
ap
id
l
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
eiter
a
ted
id
ea
is
th
e
i
m
p
er
ativ
e
n
ee
d
to
en
h
an
ce
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
d
ig
ital
lea
r
n
in
g
t
o
o
ls
f
o
r
ad
u
lt
lear
n
er
s
.
T
h
is
th
em
e
is
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
b
r
in
g
in
g
th
e
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e
an
d
f
o
r
tif
y
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
with
in
t
h
e
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
B
esid
es,
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
em
p
h
a
s
ize
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
an
ar
ea
o
f
l
o
w
p
r
io
r
ity
in
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
s
p
ec
ial
em
er
g
en
cy
m
ea
s
u
r
es
tak
en
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
em
ic.
T
h
is
lo
w
p
r
io
r
ity
was
r
e
f
lecte
d
in
as
p
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
teac
h
in
g
,
it
i
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
late
d
ec
is
io
n
s
to
s
witch
to
o
n
lin
e
m
o
d
e
in
r
elatio
n
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
am
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
tim
e,
th
e
teac
h
er
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
a
n
d
a
n
x
iety
o
n
th
eir
p
ar
t.
T
h
ey
ar
e
wo
r
r
ied
,
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic,
lik
e
ev
er
y
o
n
e
else,
b
u
t
m
ain
ly
ab
o
u
t
wh
eth
er
th
ey
wi
ll
b
e
ab
le
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
o
f
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
wh
ich
th
ey
a
r
e
n
o
t
f
am
iliar
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
o
n
lin
e
m
o
d
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
atu
r
e
o
f
a
d
u
lt
lear
n
e
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
to
co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
an
d
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
b
lem
s
m
o
r
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
o
n
lin
e
teac
h
in
g
,
s
u
ch
as
lack
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
o
r
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
is
o
latio
n
f
r
o
m
class
m
ates
an
d
teac
h
er
s
.
So
m
e
ex
am
p
les
o
f
p
iece
s
o
f
t
r
an
s
cr
ip
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
ese
co
d
es a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
r
a
n
s
cr
ip
t e
x
am
p
les with
ass
o
ciate
d
co
d
es
C
o
d
e
Tr
a
n
s
c
r
i
p
t
s
Lo
w
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
“
T
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
a
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
w
a
y
o
f
u
si
n
g
d
i
st
a
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
b
y
sc
h
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
e
rsi
t
i
e
s.
T
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
n
o
s
u
c
h
a
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
a
d
u
l
t
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
(
G
r
o
u
p
1
)
“
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
l
e
f
t
o
u
t
a
d
u
l
t
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
u
rses
c
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
m
o
v
e
d
o
n
l
i
n
e
.
”
(
G
r
o
u
p
2
)
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
b
r
e
a
c
h
“
…
n
o
t
re
a
d
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
o
rl
d
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s.
Ad
u
l
t
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
s b
e
e
n
h
i
t
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
h
a
rd
.
”
(
G
r
o
u
p
1
)
“
M
a
n
y
o
f
u
s
d
o
n
’
t
h
a
v
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
w
e
c
a
n
u
se
f
o
r
o
n
l
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.
”
(
G
r
o
u
p
2
)
O
n
l
i
n
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
“
T
h
e
y
a
l
s
o
f
e
e
l
l
a
c
k
o
f
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
w
o
r
k
f
ro
m
h
o
m
e
.
”
(
G
r
o
u
p
1
)
“
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
ro
m
h
o
m
e
o
f
t
e
n
p
r
e
se
n
t
s
d
i
st
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
”
(
G
r
o
u
p
2
)
B
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
eliev
e
th
at
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
liv
es
o
f
lear
n
e
r
s
,
as
it
h
elp
s
th
em
to
b
ec
o
m
e
s
o
cially
in
teg
r
at
ed
an
d
ac
tiv
e
citizen
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
if
f
icu
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
in
ter
est o
f
ad
u
lt lea
r
n
er
s
to
co
n
tin
u
e
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
o
th
er
m
o
d
u
les
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
o
n
ly
b
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
an
d
leav
es
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ig
n
in
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
is
th
at
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
f
ac
in
g
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
d
if
f
icu
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
in
ce
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic.
T
h
at
is
wh
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
is
v
ital.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t iss
u
e
th
at
ar
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
s
wer
s
o
f
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
is
,
s
in
ce
th
e
wo
r
ld
i
s
ch
an
g
in
g
,
s
o
m
u
s
t a
d
u
lt e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
s
h
o
wed
th
e
r
ea
l
s
itu
atio
n
in
ad
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
e
r
ed
b
y
Gr
ee
k
m
u
n
icip
alities
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Pira
eu
s
Mu
n
icip
ality
s
tu
d
y
.
Pu
b
lic
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
er
v
ices
in
Pira
eu
s
Mu
n
icip
ality
h
av
e
b
ee
n
g
r
ea
tl
y
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
as
th
eir
ab
s
en
ce
was
s
ee
n
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
wav
e
o
f
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
to
d
ea
l
with
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
All
ad
u
lt
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u
ca
tio
n
class
es
h
ad
b
ee
n
s
u
s
p
en
d
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
n
atio
n
al
e
m
er
g
en
cy
.
J
am
es
an
d
T
h
ér
iau
lt
[
3
1
]
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
th
at
B
r
o
s
s
ar
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
n
s
titu
t
d
e
co
o
p
éra
tio
n
p
o
u
r
l
’
éd
u
ca
tio
n
d
es
a
d
u
ltes
(
I
C
E
A)
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
at
in
2
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2
0
th
e
s
am
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th
in
g
h
ap
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in
Qu
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C
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a,
o
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t
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Of
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wh
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n
o
t
co
m
f
o
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tab
le
with
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ew
tech
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2252
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(
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1307
T
h
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic
id
en
tifi
ed
th
e
in
ad
eq
u
ac
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u
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tio
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an
d
th
e
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ee
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to
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ain
ad
u
lts
in
d
ig
ital
s
k
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.
Un
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x
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f
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to
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s
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co
n
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e
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ad
u
lt
ed
u
c
atio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
m
ad
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies
with
b
asic
s
k
ill
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital,
d
o
m
esti
c
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
t
h
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
liv
es
o
f
ad
u
lts
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
em
with
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
,
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
o
cial
in
eq
u
ality
an
d
s
o
cial
in
clu
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
f
e
v
er
y
d
ay
life
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ex
ten
d
th
o
s
e
o
f
I
ñ
i
g
u
ez
-
B
er
r
o
zp
e
et
a
l.
[
3
2
]
wh
o
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
eir
r
esear
c
h
th
at
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
o
cial
an
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
g
r
ea
ter
cu
ltu
r
al
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
r
ates,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
eir
h
ea
lth
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
th
ei
r
r
esear
c
h
o
n
ly
in
v
o
lv
ed
w
o
m
en
with
a
lo
w
lev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Simi
lar
ly
,
r
esear
ch
b
y
Heller
an
d
Mu
m
m
a
[
3
3
]
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
o
s
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
5
6
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
in
c
o
m
e
b
en
e
f
its
alo
n
g
s
id
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ass
im
ilatio
n
in
th
e
h
o
s
t c
o
u
n
tr
y
,
as th
e
s
tu
d
y
lo
o
k
ed
at
im
m
ig
r
an
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
Ma
s
s
ac
h
u
s
etts
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
teac
h
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ad
u
lt
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
ef
e
r
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
to
th
e
o
n
lin
e
o
n
e.
T
h
at
is
wh
y
th
e
n
ee
d
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
o
f
ad
u
lts
in
r
elatio
n
to
b
ette
r
s
o
cial,
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
was
u
n
d
er
lin
e
d
.
Ked
r
a
k
a
a
n
d
Kaltsi
d
is
[
3
4
]
r
ea
ch
e
d
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic
o
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
Gr
ee
ce
b
y
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
th
o
u
g
h
ts
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
ad
u
lt
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Ad
u
lt
lear
n
er
s
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
at,
alth
o
u
g
h
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
c
atio
n
is
in
ter
esti
n
g
,
m
o
d
er
n
,
a
d
eq
u
ate
an
d
co
n
v
en
i
en
t,
it
ca
n
n
o
t
r
ep
lace
s
o
cial
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
with
class
m
ates
an
d
t
ea
ch
er
s
.
T
h
e
y
s
aid
th
ey
lo
n
g
ed
to
b
e
b
ac
k
in
class
r
o
o
m
s
an
d
lab
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
p
o
licy
o
n
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
a
lo
w
p
r
io
r
ity
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
p
o
licy
.
Simil
ar
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
St
an
is
tr
ee
t
et
a
l.
[
3
5
]
,
wh
o
th
en
ca
lled
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
ial
jo
u
r
n
al
is
s
u
e
o
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
e
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
1
5
0
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
f
r
o
m
co
u
n
tr
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
all
co
n
tin
en
ts
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
,
C
am
er
o
o
n
,
C
an
a
d
a
,
an
d
C
h
in
a.
T
h
er
e
wer
e
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
o
in
ts
in
th
ese
co
u
n
tr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
wer
e
u
n
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
,
m
an
y
ad
u
lt
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
wer
e
lef
t
o
u
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
as
m
an
y
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ce
n
ter
s
wer
e
clo
s
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
an
y
ad
u
lts
h
ad
litt
le
o
r
n
o
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
o
f
o
n
lin
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
wer
e
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
way
s
t
o
p
r
o
m
o
te
lear
n
in
g
s
o
th
at
it
co
n
tin
u
es
wh
en
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
class
es
r
esu
m
e.
O
th
er
a
u
th
o
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
Sm
y
th
e
et
a
l.
[
3
6
]
ex
p
lo
r
ed
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ad
ap
tati
o
n
s
m
ad
e
b
y
a
d
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
an
d
th
eir
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
with
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
C
an
a
d
ian
co
n
te
x
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
h
o
w
th
ese
teac
h
e
r
s
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
d
ev
is
ed
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
O
n
lin
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
n
tin
u
e
to
s
ee
k
f
lex
ib
le
way
s
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
g
o
als in
tim
es o
f
cr
is
is
[
3
7
]
.
Ou
r
an
aly
s
is
p
r
ed
icts
th
at
th
e
n
ee
d
to
ad
ap
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
t
h
e
ch
an
g
in
g
wo
r
ld
is
im
p
er
ativ
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
,
s
o
th
at
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
esp
o
n
d
to
t
h
e
ch
a
n
g
in
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
eir
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
an
ev
e
r
-
ev
o
l
v
in
g
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
Ka
r
alis
[
3
8
]
s
u
g
g
ests
way
s
to
p
lan
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
with
o
u
t
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
im
m
ed
iate
r
o
u
tin
g
o
f
an
em
er
g
en
cy
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
,
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
it
i
s
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
its
f
in
al
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Af
ter
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic,
two
tr
e
n
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
ed
in
ad
u
l
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
th
e
r
etu
r
n
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
itu
atio
n
an
d
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
ad
u
lt
ed
u
ca
tio
n
t
o
a
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
9
]
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
as
it
alr
ea
d
y
s
ee
m
s
th
at
th
er
e
will
b
e
f
u
tu
r
e
p
an
d
em
ic
th
r
ea
ts
,
th
e
wo
r
ld
is
n
o
t
co
m
p
letely
r
etu
r
n
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tate.
Face
-
to
-
f
ac
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
is
e
n
v
is
ag
ed
to
b
e
u
s
ed
alo
n
g
s
id
e
d
ig
ital
p
a
r
ticip
ato
r
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
wh
er
e
th
e
tr
ain
er
/teac
h
er
in
s
tead
o
f
lectu
r
in
g
,
b
r
in
g
s
o
u
t th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
[
4
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ad
u
lt
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
was
h
it
h
a
r
d
er
t
h
an
a
n
y
o
th
er
s
ec
to
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic.
B
o
th
ad
u
lt
lear
n
er
s
,
as
well
a
s
t
h
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
o
f
th
e
Mu
n
ic
ip
ality
’
s
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
wer
e
f
ac
ed
with
f
in
an
cial
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
as
well
as
o
th
er
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial,
em
o
tio
n
al,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
s
elf
-
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
k
ills
is
an
es
s
en
tial
n
ee
d
n
o
w.
Ad
u
lt
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
er
ce
iv
ed
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
On
lin
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
s
ee
n
p
r
im
ar
ily
as
an
em
er
g
e
n
cy
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
b
s
titu
te
o
r
p
er
m
an
en
t
s
itu
atio
n
.
I
n
n
o
ca
s
e
ca
n
it
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ad
u
lts
f
o
r
s
o
cial
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
co
n
tact
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
em
.
T
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
n
e
ed
s
to
b
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
th
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
h
elp
s
u
s
to
o
r
ien
t
o
u
r
s
elv
es
to
th
e
n
ex
t
ed
u
ca
tio
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6.
B
I
O
G
RAP
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S O
F
AUTH
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RS
Atha
n
a
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fo
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c
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s,
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re
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:
n
o
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li
a
.
ji
m
e
n
e
z
@u
c
o
.
e
s
Da
v
id
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u
tiér
r
e
z
-
Rub
io
is
As
so
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iate
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ro
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ss
o
r
in
th
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p
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rtme
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t
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f
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a
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ti
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M
a
th
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m
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ti
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u
c
a
ti
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n
,
a
t
th
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Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
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r
d
o
b
a
(S
p
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in
).
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h
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ld
s
a
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h
.
D.
in
M
a
th
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m
a
ti
c
s
fro
m
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
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e
v
il
le.
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h
a
s
b
e
e
n
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rk
in
g
in
th
e
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p
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rtme
n
t
o
f
M
a
th
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m
a
ti
c
s
sin
c
e
2
0
1
5
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
:
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
;
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
,
imp
a
c
t
a
n
d
d
iffu
si
o
n
o
f
sc
ien
c
e
;
tea
c
h
e
r
train
in
g
.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
g
r
u
b
i
o
@u
c
o
.
e
s
.
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