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f
s
ch
o
lar
ly
d
is
co
u
r
s
e.
T
h
e
id
en
tifie
d
co
n
tr
ad
ictio
n
s
d
ef
in
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
:
d
esp
ite
th
e
s
tated
g
o
al,
teac
h
e
r
ap
p
r
aisal
in
ad
eq
u
ately
r
ea
lizes
its
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
f
o
cu
s
–
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
ex
ac
er
b
ated
b
y
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
r
esear
ch
;
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
o
n
ly
is
o
lated
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
s
m
all
s
am
p
les
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ap
p
r
aisal
in
a
b
r
o
ad
er
co
n
te
x
t
at
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
ac
tice
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licy
lev
els.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
s
cien
tific
ally
ju
s
tifie
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
ass
es
s
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ap
p
r
aisal
o
n
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
ec
o
m
es
r
elev
an
t
in
v
er
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
v
alid
i
ty
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
[
4
]
,
v
alid
ity
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
is
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
to
w
h
ich
ev
id
en
ce
an
d
t
h
eo
r
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
o
f
ap
p
r
aisal r
esu
lts
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
’
q
u
alif
icat
io
n
s
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
wh
ich
ap
p
r
aisal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
ev
alu
atio
n
in
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
tates
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
w
h
at
is
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
a
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
aim
e
d
at
ass
ess
i
n
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
a
p
p
r
aisal o
n
t
ea
ch
er
s
'
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t?
2.
T
H
E
CO
M
P
RE
H
E
NS
I
VE
T
H
E
O
RE
T
I
CA
L
B
ASI
S
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
r
ef
o
r
m
s
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
is
clo
s
ely
tied
to
teac
h
er
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
,
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
a
k
ey
p
o
licy
f
o
c
u
s
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
d
ee
p
e
r
an
aly
s
is
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
u
n
lo
ck
p
o
ten
tial
an
d
s
h
ap
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
tr
ajec
to
r
ies.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
teac
h
er
ac
tiv
ities
with
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal
is
e
s
s
en
tial.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
n
o
ted
b
y
Ab
lay
ev
a
[
3
]
,
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
ap
p
r
aisal
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
u
n
d
er
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
cien
tific
d
is
co
u
r
s
e,
ca
u
s
in
g
ap
p
r
aisal
to
b
e
s
ee
n
a
s
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
b
y
teac
h
er
s
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
ally
,
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal v
ar
y
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
g
o
als,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
ea
ch
er
ap
p
r
aisal
is
o
f
ten
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
teac
h
er
s
'
ac
tiv
itie
s
to
m
ak
e
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
o
n
t
h
eir
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
5
]
.
Ap
p
r
aisal
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
q
u
ality
(
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
)
,
s
tim
u
latin
g
teac
h
er
s
’
r
ef
lectio
n
o
n
th
eir
o
wn
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
au
th
o
r
ities
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
[
6
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
also
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
co
n
tr
ad
ictio
n
s
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
a
p
p
r
aisal'
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
aim
ed
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
[
7
]
,
an
d
s
u
m
m
ativ
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
an
d
m
a
n
ag
er
ial
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
8
]
.
So
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
ar
g
u
e
th
at
th
ese
ar
e
in
co
m
p
atib
le
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
ad
v
o
ca
te
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
em
in
to
th
e
s
am
e
teac
h
er
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
(
Au
s
tr
alia,
C
an
a
d
a,
Fin
lan
d
,
Sh
an
g
h
ai,
an
d
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e)
s
h
o
ws
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
teac
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
9
]
.
I
n
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e,
th
e
teac
h
er
ca
r
ee
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
a
p
p
r
aisal
in
en
h
an
cin
g
q
u
alif
ica
tio
n
s
.
Fair
n
ess
an
d
clar
ity
in
cr
iter
ia
a
r
e
k
e
y
to
teac
h
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
wo
r
k
p
lac
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
[
1
0
]
.
W
h
en
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
le,
an
d
ap
p
r
a
is
er
s
ar
e
co
m
p
eten
t,
teac
h
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
ltu
r
e
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
6
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
c
r
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
ap
p
r
aisal p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Valid
ity
is
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
wh
ich
ev
id
en
ce
an
d
th
eo
r
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
eir
in
ten
d
e
d
u
s
e
[
1
2
]
.
B
ased
o
n
Me
s
s
ick
’
s
v
alid
ity
th
eo
r
y
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
is
f
o
u
n
d
a
tio
n
al,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
to
v
ali
d
ate
all
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
o
f
test
r
esu
lts
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
Valid
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
cie
n
tific
b
asis
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
cu
m
u
lated
ev
id
en
ce
[
4
]
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
is
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
o
cc
asio
n
s
[
1
1
]
,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
r
ep
ea
te
d
r
esu
lts
.
C
las
s
ical
te
s
t
th
eo
r
y
d
ef
in
es
r
eliab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
co
r
es
o
n
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
test
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
g
r
o
ws
with
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
[
4
]
.
On
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
co
n
ce
p
t
i
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
co
m
m
u
n
ity
is
Kan
e
’
s
ar
g
u
m
en
t
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
v
alid
ity
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Kan
e
co
n
s
id
er
s
v
alid
ity
as
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
,
wh
ich
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
th
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ev
id
en
ce
,
u
n
lik
e
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
v
alid
ity
as
a
s
tatic
ass
ess
m
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
Kan
e
’
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
8
]
s
h
if
t
s
th
e
f
o
cu
s
f
r
o
m
a
s
in
g
le
v
alid
ity
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
to
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
v
iew
o
f
v
alid
ity
(
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
)
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
u
n
iv
er
s
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
iv
e
cla
im
s
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
estab
lis
h
in
g
v
alid
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
a
s
s
ess
in
g
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
f a
p
p
r
a
is
a
l o
n
te
a
ch
ers
’
p
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l …
(
A
id
a
n
a
S
h
ilib
ek
o
va
)
1087
Ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
-
ass
u
m
es
o
b
tain
in
g
a
f
o
r
m
alize
d
r
esu
lt
(
e.
g
.
,
s
co
r
e)
.
Gen
er
a
li
za
tio
n
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
r
esu
l
ts
to
th
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
(
te
s
t
d
o
m
ain
)
-
im
p
li
es
ex
t
en
d
in
g
th
e
in
t
er
p
r
e
ta
t
io
n
f
r
o
m
ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
r
esu
l
ts
f
r
o
m
a
l
im
i
te
d
s
am
p
le
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
a
ti
o
n
s
(
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
e
t
o
f
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
)
to
th
e
e
x
p
ec
te
d
v
a
lu
e
i
n
th
e
te
s
t
d
o
m
a
in
(
c
la
im
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ex
p
ec
t
ed
c
an
d
id
at
e
ef
f
ici
en
cy
in
th
e
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
d
o
m
a
in
)
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
s
co
r
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
,
b
u
t
it
s
in
t
er
p
r
e
ta
tio
n
i
s
ex
p
an
d
ed
.
E
x
tr
ap
o
l
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
as
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
d
o
m
a
in
(
t
es
t
d
o
m
ain
)
to
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
,
s
k
il
l
s
,
an
d
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t
(
K
SJ
)
-
a
s
s
u
m
es
a
p
r
e
s
cr
i
p
t
io
n
u
s
ed
to
ex
te
n
d
th
e
in
ter
p
r
e
t
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
ex
p
e
ct
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
n
t
e
s
t
ta
s
k
s
to
ex
p
ec
ted
r
e
s
u
l
ts
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
K
S
J
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
an
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
a
s
p
e
ct
b
ec
a
u
s
e
ce
r
tif
ic
at
io
n
ex
am
s
u
s
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
i
ze
d
,
d
ec
o
n
tex
tu
a
l
ized
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
a
s
k
s
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
K
S
J
,
wh
i
ch
ty
p
i
ca
lly
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
t
a
s
k
s
in
th
e
co
n
t
ex
t
o
f
r
e
al
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
a
ct
iv
ity
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
e
x
am
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ar
e
ex
tr
ap
o
la
te
d
to
a
ct
io
n
s
in
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
KS
J
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
,
th
e
s
co
r
e
(
t
es
t
r
e
s
u
l
t)
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
,
b
u
t
th
e
in
ter
p
r
et
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
co
r
e
s
i
s
ex
ten
d
ed
t
o
th
e
d
o
m
a
in
o
f
KS
J
.
E
x
tr
ap
o
latio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies (
KSJ
)
to
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
p
r
ac
tice
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies
to
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
is
th
at
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
KSJ
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
wo
u
ld
b
e
a
s
ev
er
e
o
b
s
tacle
in
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
,
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
lim
it
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
li
s
t'
s
wo
r
k
.
T
h
i
s
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
e
x
p
a
n
d
s
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
at
i
o
n
with
o
u
t
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t.
A
d
ec
is
io
n
o
n
ce
r
tific
atio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
au
th
o
r
ity
to
u
s
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
to
d
eter
m
in
e
a
ca
n
d
id
ate'
s
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
r
ac
tical
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
is
d
e
cisi
o
n
is
b
ased
o
n
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
u
tco
m
es
(
b
o
th
a
n
ticip
ated
an
d
u
n
a
n
ticip
ated
)
o
f
th
ese
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
th
eir
ass
o
ciate
d
v
al
u
es
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Kan
e
e
m
p
h
asizes
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
u
s
in
g
ar
g
u
m
en
t
-
b
ased
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
i
n
ce
r
tifi
ca
tio
n
ex
am
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
First,
q
u
alitativ
e
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
tak
e
p
r
ec
ed
en
ce
o
v
er
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
o
n
es,
r
ely
in
g
o
n
ex
p
er
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t
r
ath
er
th
an
s
tatis
tical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
ag
m
atic
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
v
er
if
y
in
g
ca
n
d
i
d
ates'
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
wo
r
k
b
y
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
to
o
ls
th
at
ass
e
s
s
p
r
ac
tical
co
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
ir
d
,
cr
itical
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
ten
tak
es
a
n
eg
ativ
e
to
n
e,
w
h
er
e
l
o
w
s
co
r
es
in
d
icate
d
e
f
icien
cies
af
f
ec
tin
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
ile
h
i
g
h
s
co
r
es
d
o
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
r
ef
lect
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
[
2
2
]
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
th
r
ee
k
ey
r
u
les
g
u
id
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t
-
b
ased
v
alid
atio
n
:
p
r
ec
is
e
in
ter
p
r
etati
o
n
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
v
iewin
g
v
alid
atio
n
as
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
r
ese
ar
ch
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
a
n
d
cr
itically
ev
alu
atin
g
in
ter
p
r
et
atio
n
s
an
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
r
ef
u
tatio
n
s
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
ter
p
r
etiv
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t
s
ar
e
d
y
n
am
ic
a
n
d
s
u
b
ject
to
r
ev
is
io
n
,
n
o
t
s
o
lely
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
o
r
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
.
C
lear
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
is
cr
u
cial,
as
s
im
ilar
g
o
als
ca
n
s
tem
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
claim
s
.
Kan
e
war
n
s
ag
ain
s
t
o
v
er
ly
am
b
itio
u
s
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
o
f
test
r
esu
lts
,
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
ca
u
tio
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
ass
ess
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
[
2
4
]
.
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
v
a
l
i
d
at
i
o
n
i
s
i
m
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
c
le
a
r
l
y
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
te
d
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
u
t
il
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
t
h
e
o
n
es
b
e
i
n
g
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d
.
T
o
t
h
i
s
e
n
d
,
K
a
n
e
u
ti
li
z
e
d
T
o
u
l
m
i
n
’
s
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
i
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
ti
c
a
n
d
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
l
ai
m
s
a
n
d
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
T
o
u
l
m
in
m
o
d
el
d
iv
id
es a
n
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t in
to
s
ix
p
ar
ts
[
2
5
]
:
-
C
laim
: in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
/u
s
e
o
f
as
s
ess
m
en
t r
esu
lts
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ju
s
tific
atio
n
.
-
Data
: e
v
id
en
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
claim
,
s
u
ch
as m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t r
e
s
u
lts
an
d
s
tatis
tica
l a
n
aly
s
is
.
-
W
ar
r
an
t: ju
s
tific
atio
n
o
f
wh
y
t
h
e
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
claim
,
s
u
ch
as th
eo
r
etica
l m
o
d
els an
d
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
-
E
x
ce
p
tio
n
:
a
p
o
ten
tial
th
r
ea
t
t
o
v
alid
ity
,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
u
n
d
e
r
wh
ich
th
e
claim
m
ay
b
e
f
al
s
e
o
r
wh
en
th
e
d
ata
o
r
war
r
a
n
t m
ay
n
o
t b
e
ap
p
licab
le.
-
B
ac
k
in
g
: a
d
d
itio
n
al
e
v
id
en
ce
o
r
r
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
war
r
an
t.
-
Qu
alif
ier
:
lim
itatio
n
o
n
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
(
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ce
r
tain
ty
)
o
f
th
e
claim
,
s
u
ch
as
test
r
e
liab
ilit
y
lim
its
,
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
o
r
co
n
tex
tu
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
o
th
e
r
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
Kan
e
’
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
eo
r
etica
l
ju
s
tifi
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisa
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
its
r
esu
lt
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
a
wi
d
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
e
v
id
en
ce
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
cr
ea
s
es
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
o
b
jectiv
ity
in
ass
ess
in
g
teac
h
er
s
'
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
.
I
t
ex
p
an
d
s
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
o
f
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
ai
s
al
as
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
a
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
T
o
u
lm
in
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
an
a
ly
zin
g
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
,
en
ab
lin
g
K
an
e
’
s
claim
s
ab
o
u
t
ass
es
s
m
en
t
v
alid
ity
to
b
e
ju
s
t
if
ied
.
B
o
th
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
clar
it
y
,
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
an
d
ev
id
en
ce
in
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
in
th
is
ar
ticle
is
:
w
h
at
is
th
e
th
eo
r
etic
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
co
n
ten
t
o
f
a
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
aim
ed
at
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ap
p
r
aisal
o
n
teac
h
e
r
s
'
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t?
T
h
e
p
r
e
m
is
e
is
th
at
h
ig
h
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
a
p
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
lead
to
a
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
Ap
p
r
aisal
with
h
ig
h
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ca
n
s
tim
u
late
teac
h
er
s
'
g
r
o
wth
b
y
ac
cu
r
ately
ass
ess
in
g
th
eir
alig
n
m
en
t
with
estab
lis
h
ed
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
ap
p
r
aisal
h
elp
s
d
ef
in
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
g
o
als
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
tr
ajec
to
r
i
es.
T
o
d
ef
in
e
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
0
8
5
-
1
0
9
6
1088
-
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
v
alid
ity
as
a
test
p
r
o
p
er
ty
an
d
p
ar
t
o
f
a
h
o
lis
tic
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
-
b
ased
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
e
v
id
en
ce
-
ce
n
ter
ed
[
2
6
]
,
a
n
d
v
alid
ity
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
2
6
]
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
id
en
tifie
d
Kan
e’
s
ar
g
u
m
en
t
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Ka
n
e’
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
ich
ap
p
lies
to
h
ig
h
-
s
tak
es
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
i
s
ad
ap
tab
le
to
th
e
co
m
p
lex
a
p
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
Valid
ity
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
an
d
ev
i
d
e
n
ce
r
ath
er
th
an
a
s
tatic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
v
iew
u
s
es
a
u
n
iv
er
s
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
claim
s
with
th
r
ee
k
e
y
r
u
les:
p
r
ec
is
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
v
alid
atio
n
as a
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
an
d
c
r
itical
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
al
ter
n
ativ
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
-
R
ev
iewin
g
ap
p
r
aisal
m
ater
ials
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
th
e
s
cien
tific
r
ig
o
r
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
ev
iew
s
er
v
es
as
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
allo
ws
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
[
2
8
]
.
An
ad
ap
te
d
co
n
ten
t
a
n
aly
s
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
with
g
u
id
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
was
u
s
ed
in
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
er
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
a
p
p
r
aisal
r
u
les,
an
d
teac
h
e
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
'
p
o
licy
.
-
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
was
m
o
d
el
led
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
alid
atio
n
is
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
with
o
u
t
a
f
o
r
m
u
lated
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
r
esu
lts
,
as
th
ese
ar
e
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
Kan
e
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
u
tili
ze
d
T
o
u
lm
in
'
s
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
m
o
d
el
(
T
o
u
lm
in
’
s
m
o
d
el
o
f
in
f
er
e
n
ce
)
to
ex
am
in
e
claim
s
an
d
ev
id
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
d
lo
g
ically
.
T
h
is
allo
wed
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
o
f
ea
ch
claim
.
Ov
e
r
a
ll
,
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
e
d
th
at
Ka
n
e'
s
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
th
eo
r
eti
ca
l
j
u
s
ti
f
i
ca
ti
o
n
f
o
r
ass
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
al
id
it
y
an
d
r
eli
ab
i
lit
y
o
f
th
e
tea
c
h
e
r
ap
p
r
a
is
al
p
r
o
c
ess
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
tat
io
n
a
n
d
u
s
e
o
f
r
esu
lts
,
em
p
h
asi
zi
n
g
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
c
e
o
f
i
n
te
g
r
at
in
g
a
w
id
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
ev
id
e
n
ce
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
ac
c
u
r
a
cy
an
d
o
b
je
cti
v
i
ty
o
f
ass
ess
i
n
g
t
ea
c
h
e
r
s
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
q
u
ali
f
i
c
ati
o
n
s
.
I
t
e
x
p
a
n
d
s
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
ies
o
f
ap
p
r
ais
al
as
a
m
e
ch
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
a
l
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
cti
v
e
p
er
s
p
e
c
tiv
e.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ju
s
t
if
i
ca
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
es
c
r
i
p
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
'
s
co
n
t
e
n
t
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
ic
al
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es,
lea
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
its
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
al
v
er
if
ic
ati
o
n
an
d
r
esu
lts
an
al
y
s
is
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
ar
t
icl
e.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
teac
h
er
a
p
p
r
aisal
ev
alu
ates
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
b
ased
o
n
ass
ig
n
ed
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
te
g
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
cl
u
d
es
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t,
AT
K
an
d
es
s
ay
wr
itin
g
,
a
n
d
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
tical
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
teac
h
er
ac
tiv
ities
(
p
o
r
tf
o
li
o
ass
ess
m
en
t)
,
all
o
f
wh
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
leted
at
least
o
n
ce
ev
er
y
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
.
A
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
is
g
r
an
ted
o
n
ly
if
t
h
e
teac
h
er
r
ec
eiv
es
p
o
s
itiv
e
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
in
al
l
th
r
ee
ar
ea
s
.
Du
e
to
its
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal
ca
n
lead
to
d
iv
er
s
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
o
f
v
alid
ity
,
f
u
r
th
er
co
m
p
licated
b
y
th
e
lack
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
th
is
f
ield
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
u
n
iq
u
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
a
s
s
es
s
ap
p
r
aisal v
alid
ity
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
c
e
[
2
9
]
.
Kan
e’
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
a
n
tag
es.
First,
it
p
r
io
r
itizes
q
u
alitativ
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
v
er
q
u
an
titativ
e
o
n
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
al
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
,
wh
ich
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
g
iv
en
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
a
n
d
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
o
f
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
ac
tiv
ities
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
s
u
b
jects
i
n
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
es
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
d
if
f
er
en
tiate
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ch
ec
k
in
g
v
alid
it
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
r
ee
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
th
e
ap
p
r
aisa
l
lead
s
to
a
u
n
i
f
ied
d
ec
is
io
n
o
n
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct.
T
h
ir
d
,
Kan
e'
s
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
v
alid
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
m
eth
o
d
s
to
a
th
e
o
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
u
s
in
g
s
eq
u
en
tial
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
al
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
a
p
p
r
aisal p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
4
.
1
.
T
he
m
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
f
o
r
a
s
s
ess
i
ng
t
he
im
pa
ct
o
f
a
pp
ra
is
a
l o
n t
ea
cher
s
’
pro
f
ess
io
na
l dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
K
a
n
e
’
s
v
a
li
d
i
t
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
a
li
d
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
e
li
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
p
p
r
a
is
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
,
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
.
I
t
a
l
s
o
a
d
d
r
es
s
es
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
o
t
e
n
ti
a
l
ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
c
lu
d
e
s
:
i
)
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
l
a
i
m
s
(
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
s
)
a
d
a
p
te
d
t
o
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
a
p
p
r
a
i
s
a
l
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
;
ii
)
d
esc
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
d
a
p
te
d
c
l
a
i
m
s
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
r
a
s
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
p
o
t
e
n
t
ia
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
;
a
n
d
i
i
i
)
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
T
o
u
l
m
i
n
m
o
d
e
l
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
a
d
a
p
ted
c
l
a
i
m
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
n
o
t
e
d
t
h
at
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
t
i
cs
a
n
d
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
a
p
p
r
a
i
s
al
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
i
t
at
e
d
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
te
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
ll
y
:
i
)
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
as
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
w
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ll
n
o
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
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r
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d
i
n
c
l
a
i
m
s
3
a
n
d
4
d
u
e
t
o
it
s
l
i
m
i
t
a
ti
o
n
s
(
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
to
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
a
p
p
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a
i
s
a
l
)
i
n
e
x
t
r
a
p
o
la
t
i
n
g
i
ts
d
e
c
is
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
K
SJ
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
;
i
i
)
A
T
K
w
il
l
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
i
n
cl
a
i
m
3
f
o
r
e
x
t
r
a
p
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l
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
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t
es
t
d
o
m
a
in
t
o
t
h
e
KS
J
d
o
m
a
i
n
;
a
n
d
i
ii
)
p
o
r
t
f
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l
i
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a
s
s
e
s
s
m
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n
t
w
i
l
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b
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c
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s
i
d
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d
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c
la
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4
f
o
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x
t
r
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p
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l
a
t
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o
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
K
SJ
d
o
m
a
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
d
o
m
a
i
n
.
T
h
e
f
iv
e
ad
ap
ted
claim
s
,
ev
alu
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ev
i
d
en
ce
ar
e
th
en
ex
am
in
e
d
in
r
elatio
n
to
teac
h
e
r
ap
p
r
aisal.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
a
s
s
ess
in
g
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
f a
p
p
r
a
is
a
l o
n
te
a
ch
ers
’
p
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l …
(
A
id
a
n
a
S
h
ilib
ek
o
va
)
1089
T
ab
le
1
.
C
laim
s
(
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
a
r
g
u
m
en
ts
)
N
o
.
K
a
n
e
’
s
c
l
a
i
m
C
l
a
i
m
a
d
a
p
t
e
d
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
a
p
p
r
a
i
s
a
l
1.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
b
ser
v
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
sh
e
d
r
u
l
e
s
,
a
p
p
r
a
i
sal
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
a
l
l
o
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s' q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s (e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
)
w
h
e
n
a
ssi
g
n
i
n
g
a
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
.
2.
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
ser
v
e
d
r
e
su
l
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
d
o
m
a
i
n
Ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
a
p
p
r
a
i
sa
l
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
a
l
l
o
w
s
f
o
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
i
n
g
o
b
serv
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
t
o
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
e
s
t
d
o
ma
i
n
s:
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s,
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
n
d
me
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
(
A
T
K
d
o
m
a
i
n
)
,
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s (
p
o
r
t
f
o
l
i
o
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
d
o
ma
i
n
)
.
3.
Ex
t
r
a
p
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
e
st
d
o
m
a
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
K
S
J
d
o
m
a
i
n
Th
e
A
TK
d
o
ma
i
n
(
t
e
s
t
d
o
m
a
i
n
)
a
l
l
o
w
s
f
o
r
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
o
m
a
i
n
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
(
K
S
J
d
o
m
a
i
n
)
.
4.
Ex
t
r
a
p
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
K
S
J
d
o
m
a
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
o
mai
n
.
Th
e
p
o
r
t
f
o
l
i
o
a
ssessm
e
n
t
d
o
ma
i
n
(
K
S
J
d
o
ma
i
n
)
a
l
l
o
w
s
f
o
r
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
o
ma
i
n
o
f
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
o
m
a
i
n
)
.
5.
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss
f
o
r
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
Th
e
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
t
o
a
ss
i
g
n
a
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
—
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
ssessme
n
t
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
,
p
a
ss
i
n
g
sc
o
r
e
s
o
f
A
T
K
,
a
n
d
p
o
r
t
f
o
l
i
o
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
—
i
s
a
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
v
a
l
i
d
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s'
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
s,
t
h
e
r
e
b
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
.
4
.
1
.
1
.
Cla
im
1
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
estab
lis
h
ed
r
u
les,
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
allo
w
f
o
r
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
er
s
'
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
(
ev
alu
atio
n
)
wh
en
ass
ig
n
in
g
a
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
ap
p
r
aisal
d
ec
is
io
n
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
–
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e:
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
es
s
m
en
t,
AT
K,
an
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Qu
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
r
ev
iewin
g
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
s
u
b
m
itted
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
t
o
co
n
f
ir
m
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
with
f
o
r
m
al
q
u
alif
ic
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
:
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
r
etr
ain
in
g
(
if
a
n
y
)
,
an
d
wo
r
k
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
Data
co
llectio
n
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
r
elev
an
t
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
b
o
d
ies.
Dep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
d
ec
lar
ed
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
te
g
o
r
y
—
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
b
o
d
ie
s
—
th
e
au
th
o
r
ized
b
o
d
y
r
ev
ie
ws
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
is
s
u
es
a
n
o
tific
atio
n
o
f
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
r
r
ef
u
s
al
t
o
ac
ce
p
t
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
ac
ce
p
t
o
r
r
ejec
t
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
n
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
i.e
.
,
th
e
te
ac
h
er
'
s
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
f
o
r
m
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
An
AT
K
is
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
test
in
g
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
two
s
ec
tio
n
s
with
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
"
s
u
b
ject
co
n
ten
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e"
-
3
0
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
"
t
ea
ch
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
"
-
2
0
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lt
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
p
o
s
itiv
e
wh
en
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
co
r
es
(
%
c
o
m
p
letio
n
)
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
:
"tea
ch
er
"
(
50%
)
,
"t
ea
ch
er
-
m
o
d
er
ato
r
"
(
60%
)
,
"te
ac
h
er
-
ex
p
er
t"
(
70%
)
,
"tea
ch
e
r
-
r
esear
ch
er
"
(
8
0
%
)
,
"tea
ch
er
-
m
aster
"
(
90%
)
.
T
esti
n
g
is
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
co
m
p
u
t
er
ized
f
o
r
m
at,
with
o
n
e
p
o
in
t
awa
r
d
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
r
r
ec
t a
n
s
wer
.
Af
ter
r
ev
iewin
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
s
u
b
m
it a
n
ap
p
ea
l to
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
i
ze
d
test
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
ap
p
ea
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
e
x
p
er
ts
r
ev
iews
th
e
teac
h
er
's
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
d
ec
i
d
es.
T
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t a
n
s
wer
is
ju
s
tifie
d
b
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
f
ac
ts
)
in
te
x
tb
o
o
k
s
an
d
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
At
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
test
,
th
e
teac
h
er
s
h
all
wr
ite
an
ess
ay
(
2
5
0
-
3
0
0
wo
r
d
s
)
o
n
a
to
p
ic
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
ized
b
o
d
y
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
ess
ay
is
n
o
t
ev
alu
a
ted
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
o
n
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal;
it
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
an
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
s
co
r
e
o
n
th
e
AT
K
is
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
ly
b
ased
o
n
test
r
esu
lts
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
tical
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
teac
h
er
ac
tiv
ity
r
e
s
u
lts
(
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t)
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
eter
m
in
e
if
a
teac
h
er
'
s
p
r
ac
tice
m
ee
ts
q
u
alif
icatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
is
e
v
alu
ated
b
ased
o
n
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
,
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ac
h
i
ev
em
en
ts
in
co
m
p
etitio
n
s
,
te
ac
h
er
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
ts
in
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
ev
en
ts
,
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
b
est
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tices.
An
ex
p
e
r
t
co
u
n
cil
r
ev
iews
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
ass
ess
i
n
g
ea
ch
in
t
h
e
teac
h
er
'
s
p
r
ese
n
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
f
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
is
n
o
r
m
was
n
o
t
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
all
teac
h
er
s
.
Af
ter
th
e
r
e
v
iew,
co
u
n
cil
m
em
b
er
s
co
m
p
lete
ass
es
s
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
tatu
s
.
I
f
th
e
p
o
r
t
f
o
lio
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
th
e
teac
h
er
ca
n
n
o
t p
r
o
ce
e
d
to
th
e
n
ex
t stag
e
(
A
T
K)
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
ati
v
e
in
f
er
en
ce
,
o
r
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
th
at
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
co
r
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ca
n
d
id
ate'
s
an
s
w
er
q
u
ality
,
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
h
o
w
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
th
e
s
co
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
an
d
h
o
w
ca
r
ef
u
lly
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
th
e
y
wer
e
ap
p
lied
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
t
r
en
g
th
o
f
e
v
alu
ativ
e
in
f
er
en
ce
s
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
t
h
r
ee
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
it
was
ass
u
m
ed
th
at:
i)
q
u
alif
icatio
n
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
b
asis
an
d
p
r
er
e
q
u
is
ites
f
o
r
teac
h
er
a
p
p
r
aisal,
estab
lis
h
in
g
m
in
im
u
m
ten
u
r
e
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
m
a
y
ass
ess
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
ten
u
r
e
as
a
cr
iter
io
n
f
o
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ie
s
,
its
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
AT
K
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
co
r
es,
an
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ev
id
en
ce
;
ii)
t
h
e
AT
K
o
f
f
er
s
an
o
b
jectiv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
test
f
o
r
m
at
with
o
n
e
co
r
r
ec
t
an
s
wer
.
Sco
r
es
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
n
o
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
t
th
eir
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
I
f
th
is
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
is
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
d
,
a
d
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
s
t
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
o
r
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
et
i
v
e
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
s
m
a
y
b
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
T
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
to
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
;
a
n
d
iii)
u
n
l
i
k
e
t
e
s
t
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
,
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
is
b
as
e
d
o
n
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
s
,
r
e
q
u
i
r
i
n
g
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
a
l
r
el
i
a
b
il
i
ty
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
.
T
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
c
y
of
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
with
in
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
a
r
e
e
n
v
i
s
a
g
e
d
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
g
en
er
alizin
g
ab
il
ity
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
ts
g
iv
en
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t e
x
p
er
ts
an
d
i
n
ter
-
t
e
r
r
i
t
o
r
i
a
l
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
0
8
5
-
1
0
9
6
1090
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
s
t
o
clai
m
1
m
a
y
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
v
io
latio
n
s
o
f
estab
lis
h
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
Ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
ay
b
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ed
if
s
er
io
u
s
v
io
latio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
(
e.
g
.
,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
f
al
s
if
icatio
n
,
tech
n
ical
g
litch
es
d
u
r
in
g
test
in
g
,
o
r
ex
p
er
t
n
eg
lig
en
ce
o
r
b
ias).
T
h
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
ev
id
e
n
ce
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
s
u
ch
v
io
latio
n
s
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
ev
alu
ati
v
e
in
f
er
e
n
ce
s
an
d
is
r
ef
lecte
d
i
n
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
ce
r
tain
ty
(
q
u
al
if
ier
)
.
4
.
1
.
2
.
Cla
im
2
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
a
p
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
allo
ws
f
o
r
g
en
er
ali
zin
g
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
r
esu
lts
to
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ass
es
s
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
s
(
test
d
o
m
ain
s
)
–
q
u
alif
icatio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
s
u
b
ject
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
AT
K
d
o
m
ain
)
,
an
d
teac
h
er
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
(
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
)
.
T
h
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
eter
m
in
es
a
teac
h
er
’
s
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
ap
p
r
aisal
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
a
clea
r
y
es/n
o
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
i
s
r
ep
ea
ted
at
ea
ch
ap
p
r
aisal,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
an
y
ch
a
n
g
es.
T
h
e
d
e
cisi
o
n
ass
u
m
es
th
a
t
lo
n
g
er
ten
u
r
e
co
r
r
elate
s
with
a
h
i
g
h
er
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
t
eg
o
r
y
,
th
o
u
g
h
q
u
alitativ
e
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
ess
en
tial.
T
h
e
AT
K
r
esu
lts
aim
to
g
e
n
er
alize
ass
ess
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
s
u
b
ject
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
Gen
er
aliza
tio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
test
task
s
,
o
f
ten
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
alp
h
a
o
r
G
co
ef
f
icien
t
)
.
T
h
is
g
en
er
ali
za
tio
n
is
v
alid
if
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
es,
an
d
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
en
s
u
r
ed
.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
test
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
p
ilo
t
test
in
g
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
n
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
.
Stan
d
ar
d
izi
n
g
th
e
test
f
o
r
m
at,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
tim
ef
r
am
es
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
r
esu
lts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
er
e
b
y
n
ar
r
o
win
g
th
e
test
d
o
m
ain
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Stan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
,
s
tr
ict
ad
h
er
e
n
ce
to
test
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
an
d
r
eliab
le
d
ata
co
llectio
n
en
s
u
r
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
q
u
ality
.
I
n
v
ar
ian
ce
is
g
en
er
ally
ass
u
m
ed
f
o
r
d
iv
e
r
s
e
test
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
au
d
ien
ce
ty
p
e
o
r
d
esk
s
etu
p
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ar
e
ex
p
e
cted
n
o
t
to
im
p
ac
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
with
in
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
n
b
e
e
n
s
u
r
ed
b
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
ca
lcu
latin
g
test
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Usi
n
g
s
ta
tis
tical
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
eq
u
ate
s
co
r
es
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ju
s
tifie
d
wh
e
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
wh
en
task
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
eu
s
ed
in
test
in
g
with
h
ig
h
s
tak
es.
J
u
s
tify
in
g
s
u
ch
eq
u
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
a
d
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
eq
u
atin
g
m
o
d
el,
m
o
d
el
-
d
ata
f
it,
an
d
ev
i
d
en
ce
th
at
eq
u
atin
g
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t to
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
h
u
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
th
at
q
u
ali
tat
iv
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
t
o
o
ls
,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
,
a
n
d
r
es
u
l
ts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
t
o
v
e
r
i
f
y
h
o
w
AT
K
al
lo
ws
g
e
n
er
ali
zi
n
g
r
esu
lts
t
o
as
s
ess
th
e
t
est
d
o
m
a
in
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
t
atis
ti
ca
l
i
n
d
ic
at
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
is
b
ase
d
o
n
p
o
r
t
f
o
li
o
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
es
u
l
ts
a
n
d
as
s
ess
in
g
e
v
i
d
e
n
ce
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
esta
b
lis
h
ed
c
r
i
te
r
ia
.
B
ased
o
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
ea
c
h
er
p
r
ac
t
ice
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
t
h
is
d
ec
is
i
o
n
(
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
s
c
o
r
e)
g
e
n
e
r
a
liz
es
th
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
d
o
m
ai
n
–
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ic
al
ac
ti
v
iti
es.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
i
n
t
er
p
r
et
ati
o
n
o
f
p
o
r
tf
o
li
o
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
li
m
it
e
d
o
b
s
e
r
v
ati
o
n
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
ex
p
a
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
e
x
p
ec
te
d
v
al
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
d
o
m
ai
n
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
g
en
e
r
aliza
b
ilit
y
(
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
ed
r
esu
lts
to
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
esti
m
ates
o
f
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
(
i.e
.
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t)
an
d
,
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
claim
s
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
esti
m
ates.
S
tan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
s
a
n
d
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
s
ar
e
d
i
r
ec
t
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
th
at
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ea
ch
ass
es
s
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
(
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
co
r
es)
ar
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
ex
p
ec
ted
(
f
ai
r
)
in
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
o
f
th
eir
ass
ess
m
en
t
—
q
u
alif
icatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
s
u
b
ject
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tice.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
(
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
r
esu
lts
to
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
ass
u
m
ed
:
i)
f
o
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t,
s
u
r
v
ey
in
g
teac
h
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
its
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
;
ii)
f
o
r
AT
K
(
test
in
g
)
,
ch
ec
k
in
g
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
test
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tatis
t
ical
in
d
icato
r
s
;
an
d
iii)
f
o
r
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t,
ex
p
er
t
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
s
(
o
n
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
am
p
le)
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
atu
r
e
o
f
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
p
o
te
n
tial
ev
id
en
ce
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
t
b
y
an
ex
p
er
t
co
u
n
cil.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
th
at
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
b
e
ass
es
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
to
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
r
eliab
le,
f
air
,
an
d
s
u
f
f
icien
t
th
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
alizin
g
p
r
ac
tice.
E
x
ce
p
tio
n
s
to
claim
2
ar
is
e
f
o
r
two
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
s
:
o
b
s
er
v
a
tio
n
s
m
ay
n
o
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
,
o
r
in
v
a
r
ian
ce
m
ay
f
a
il
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
s
es.
Ser
io
u
s
v
io
latio
n
s
in
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
test
tim
e,
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
ailu
r
es,
o
r
b
r
ea
ch
es
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
,
ca
n
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
n
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
o
m
ai
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
w
h
ile
m
o
s
t
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
m
in
o
r
,
ce
r
tain
in
s
tan
ce
s
lik
e
in
teg
r
ity
b
r
ea
c
h
es a
n
d
c
o
n
f
lict
s
o
f
in
ter
est ca
n
lead
to
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
4
.
1
.
3
.
Cla
im
3
T
h
e
AT
K
d
o
m
ain
(
test
d
o
m
ain
)
allo
ws
f
o
r
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
teac
h
er
co
m
p
eten
cies
(
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
)
.
AT
K
s
h
o
u
ld
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lt
in
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
K
SJ
.
T
h
is
claim
ass
u
m
es
th
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
a
s
s
ess
in
g
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
f a
p
p
r
a
is
a
l o
n
te
a
ch
ers
’
p
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l …
(
A
id
a
n
a
S
h
ilib
ek
o
va
)
1091
ce
r
tific
atio
n
ex
a
m
task
s
,
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
AT
K,
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
ef
lect
KSJ
in
p
r
a
ctice
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
t
h
e
ty
p
es
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
in
th
e
K
SJ
d
o
m
ain
ar
e
co
m
p
lex
an
d
d
i
v
er
s
e
(
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal,
th
is
co
u
ld
b
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
)
,
wh
i
ch
in
tu
r
n
im
p
o
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lim
itatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
th
is
claim
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
with
wh
ich
o
n
e
ca
n
ass
er
t
ab
o
u
t
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
b
ased
o
n
AT
K
test
s
will
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
AT
K
r
e
s
u
lts
an
d
KSJ
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
w
ill
d
ep
en
d
o
n
h
o
w
well
th
e
AT
K
test
task
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
KSJ
in
p
r
ac
tical
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
o
n
em
p
ir
ical
o
r
th
eo
r
etica
l
ev
id
en
ce
f
o
r
o
r
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
is
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
th
at
AT
K
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
s
d
ef
in
in
g
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
.
U
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
teac
h
er
s
r
esp
o
n
d
to
AT
K
task
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
elate
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ac
tiv
i
ties
is
k
ey
to
ar
g
u
in
g
th
e
p
lau
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ex
tr
ap
o
latio
n
,
wh
ich
r
elies
m
o
r
e
o
n
e
x
p
er
t
o
p
in
io
n
s
th
an
f
o
r
m
al
m
o
d
els.
E
x
p
er
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
m
en
to
r
s
,
an
d
teac
h
er
s
,
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
o
r
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
is
o
f
ten
n
eg
ativ
e,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
tea
ch
er
s
s
tr
u
g
g
lin
g
with
s
u
b
je
ct
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
a
y
u
n
d
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
.
Mo
s
t
ev
id
en
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ex
t
r
ap
o
latio
n
is
n
e
g
ativ
e,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
claim
wh
e
n
n
o
b
ias f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
I
f
d
o
u
b
t r
em
ain
s
,
em
p
ir
ical
test
in
g
o
f
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t f
ac
to
r
s
m
a
y
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
On
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ee
p
e
n
in
g
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
w
h
at
th
e
test
item
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
co
llectin
g
"th
in
k
-
alo
u
d
"
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
r
o
m
teac
h
e
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
AT
K
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
ess
io
n
s
wh
en
r
esear
ch
er
s
r
ec
o
r
d
a
teac
h
e
r
'
s
s
elf
-
d
escr
ip
ti
o
n
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ea
ch
task
.
Su
ch
d
at
a
wo
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
i
r
ec
t
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
well
teac
h
er
s
'
test
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
ef
lects
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
task
s
in
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
[
2
7
]
.
E
x
tr
ap
o
latio
n
is
s
u
es
o
f
ten
f
all
u
n
d
er
“
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
-
ir
r
elev
an
t
v
a
r
ian
ce
”
o
r
“
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
”
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
-
ir
r
elev
an
t
v
a
r
ian
ce
ar
is
es
wh
en
AT
K
task
s
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
m
at
s
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
in
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
.
T
ask
s
with
a
s
in
g
le
co
r
r
ec
t a
n
s
wer
m
ay
lead
to
“
g
u
ess
in
g
”
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
wh
er
e
te
s
t
an
s
wer
s
d
o
n
o
t
r
ef
lect
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
,
r
eliab
le
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
o
r
task
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
q
u
ality
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
f
u
ll
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
c
o
v
er
ag
e.
Statis
tica
l
m
eth
o
d
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ass
ess
te
s
t
d
i
s
cr
im
in
atio
n
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
ju
s
tify
u
s
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
test
f
o
r
all
q
u
alif
icatio
n
lev
els.
On
e
asp
ec
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
co
u
l
d
b
e
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
e
p
o
r
ti
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
AT
K,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
ep
th
a
n
d
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
r
esu
lt
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
test
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
E
x
ce
p
tio
n
s
to
th
e
ex
tr
a
p
o
latio
n
in
f
er
e
n
ce
ar
e
ty
p
ically
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
tes
tin
g
d
o
m
ain
lik
ely
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
teac
h
e
r
s
'
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
an
x
iety
wh
e
n
tak
i
n
g
AT
K
ess
en
tially
s
er
v
e
as
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
f
o
r
s
u
ch
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
I
n
a
m
o
r
e
g
en
er
al
s
en
s
e,
an
y
lim
itin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
(
f
o
r
e
x
am
p
le,
d
is
ab
ilit
y
)
th
at
h
in
d
er
test
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
d
o
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
m
ay
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
,
lead
to
ex
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ex
tr
ap
o
latio
n
in
f
er
en
ce
.
4
.
1
.
4
.
Cla
im
4
T
h
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
o
m
ain
(
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
)
allo
ws
f
o
r
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ex
tr
a
p
o
l
atio
n
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
t
o
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
d
o
m
ain
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
th
e
ass
es
s
ed
co
m
p
eten
cies
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ev
i
d
en
ce
p
lay
an
ess
en
tial
r
o
le
in
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
claim
4
will
co
n
s
id
er
to
w
h
at
ex
ten
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
as
an
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
allo
ws
f
o
r
ex
tr
ap
o
l
atin
g
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
co
m
p
eten
c
ies
to
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
d
o
m
ain
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
b
as
is
f
o
r
th
e
ex
t
r
ap
o
latio
n
c
o
n
clu
s
i
o
n
m
ay
b
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
“Ped
ag
o
g
u
e,
”
wh
ich
d
e
f
in
es
teac
h
er
s
’
co
m
p
eten
cies,
c
o
n
te
n
t,
q
u
ality
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
eir
p
r
ac
tices.
T
ea
ch
er
co
m
p
eten
cy
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
b
y
q
u
alif
ic
atio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
r
ef
lectin
g
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tice
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
Du
r
in
g
ap
p
r
aisal,
ev
id
en
ce
in
th
e
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
is
e
x
p
e
cted
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
co
m
p
eten
cy
as
p
er
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
I
f
th
e
p
o
r
tf
o
li
o
lack
s
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
,
th
e
teac
h
er
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
te
g
o
r
y
,
with
n
eg
ativ
e
ar
g
u
m
en
tati
o
n
p
r
ev
ailin
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
lim
i
tatio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
th
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
in
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
ar
e
n
o
t
cr
itical
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
o
r
th
a
t
th
e
KSJ
d
o
m
ain
co
v
e
r
s
to
n
ar
r
o
w
a
r
an
g
e,
f
ailin
g
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
k
ey
asp
ec
ts
o
f
teac
h
in
g
.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
m
ay
ch
allen
g
e
th
e
e
x
tr
ap
o
latio
n
o
f
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
r
esu
lts
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
Kan
e
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
ass
er
tin
g
t
ea
ch
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ased
o
n
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ev
id
en
ce
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
o
r
tf
o
l
io
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tices
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
o
v
e
r
if
y
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
il
ity
o
f
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
m
eth
o
d
s
i
n
clu
d
e
an
aly
zin
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
ch
ec
k
in
g
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ev
id
e
n
ce
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
ass
ess
in
g
ex
p
er
t
d
ec
is
io
n
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
teac
h
er
s
u
r
v
ey
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Sin
ce
n
e
g
ativ
e
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
(
teac
h
er
s
lack
in
g
KSJ
co
m
p
eten
cies
will
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
well)
is
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
an
p
o
s
itiv
e,
n
e
g
ativ
ely
f
r
am
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
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s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
(
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
s
o
cieta
l
p
r
o
tect
io
n
)
at
r
ea
s
o
n
a
b
le
co
s
ts
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
o
b
eliev
e
th
at
ce
r
tific
atio
n
ex
am
s
will,
in
an
y
ca
s
e,
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
an
tly
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t,
e
v
en
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
co
s
ts
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
ap
p
r
aisal
aim
s
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
e
x
am
in
e
teac
h
er
s
’
q
u
alif
icatio
n
lev
els
to
m
a
k
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
em
u
n
er
atio
n
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
o
ciety
with
q
u
alif
ied
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
d
eliv
er
in
g
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices.
A
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
teac
h
er
s
’
q
u
alif
icatio
n
lev
els
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal:
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t,
AT
K
test
,
an
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t.
As
n
o
ted
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
n
ea
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ar
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
in
al
d
ec
is
io
n
o
n
ass
ig
n
in
g
th
e
claim
ed
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
te
g
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
an
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
A
T
K
p
ass
in
g
s
co
r
e,
is
cr
u
cial
in
th
e
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
ju
s
tifie
d
.
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
ig
h
en
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
s
o
cieta
l
p
r
o
tectio
n
b
u
t
n
o
t
o
v
er
ly
r
estrictiv
e
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
E
m
p
ir
ical
r
esear
ch
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
u
r
v
ey
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
with
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
,
ca
n
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
f
air
n
ess
an
d
o
b
jectiv
ity
o
f
t
h
ese
c
r
iter
ia
an
d
p
ass
in
g
s
co
r
es
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies
[
3
0
]
.
L
im
itatio
n
s
in
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
m
ay
in
cl
u
d
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
b
ias
to
war
d
s
an
y
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
m
ay
co
n
ce
r
n
th
e
leg
itima
cy
o
f
o
n
e
o
r
b
o
t
h
ex
tr
ap
o
latio
n
s
o
r
m
ain
ly
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
th
e
p
ass
in
g
s
co
r
e
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
ap
p
r
aisal,
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
b
ias
m
ay
b
e
s
u
b
ject
to
s
ep
ar
ate
an
aly
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
r
ev
iew
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
-
tech
n
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
E
x
ce
p
tio
n
s
t
o
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
ay
a
r
is
e
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
n
o
f
ac
tu
al
d
ata
m
ay
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
,
o
r
teac
h
er
s
m
ay
b
e
r
ejec
ted
if
s
er
io
u
s
v
io
latio
n
s
ar
e
d
is
co
v
er
e
d
(
f
r
au
d
,
p
lag
iar
is
m
,
an
d
illeg
al
co
n
d
u
ct)
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
m
ay
b
e
u
n
s
tab
le,
an
d
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
r
u
le
m
a
y
b
e
r
ef
u
ted
b
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
ev
id
e
n
ce
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
b
u
t
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
r
u
le.
Fu
r
th
er
,
in
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
aly
s
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
T
o
u
lm
i
n
m
o
d
el
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
ad
ap
ted
claim
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata
wer
e
u
s
ed
:
i)
Fo
r
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal:
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
q
u
alif
ic
atio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
teac
h
er
p
o
s
itio
n
s
,
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal
r
u
les,
ex
p
er
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
c
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
m
ee
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
ass
ig
n
in
g
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies
.
ii)
Fo
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t:
b
u
s
in
ess
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
aly
s
is
,
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
lis
ts
,
d
o
cu
m
en
ta
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
iii)
Fo
r
AT
K
test
in
g
:
test
r
esu
lts
,
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
AT
K
test
o
u
tco
m
es,
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
s
am
p
le
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
,
ess
ay
to
p
ics,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
v
i
o
latio
n
r
e
p
o
r
ts
.
iv
)
Fo
r
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t:
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
,
ex
p
er
t
co
u
n
cil
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
ass
ess
m
en
t
cr
ite
r
ia,
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
am
p
les,
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
ass
ess
m
en
t sh
ee
ts
,
an
d
less
o
n
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
h
ee
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
is
d
ata,
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ar
g
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
d
ap
ted
s
tatem
en
ts
was
f
o
r
m
ed
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
S.
T
o
u
lm
in
'
s
m
o
d
el
(
T
ab
le
2
)
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
c
o
u
n
ter
a
r
g
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
f
o
r
th
e
s
tatem
en
ts
,
an
d
f
o
r
ea
c
h
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
co
u
n
ter
ar
g
u
m
en
t,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
b
asis
o
n
wh
ich
th
ese
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
c
o
u
n
ter
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
r
est.
Ad
d
itio
n
a
lly
,
a
q
u
alif
ier
i
n
d
icatin
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ce
r
tain
ty
—
g
r
ad
ed
as st
r
o
n
g
,
m
e
d
iu
m
,
o
r
wea
k
—
was e
s
tab
li
s
h
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
.
Usi
n
g
Kan
e’
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
in
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
teac
h
er
a
p
p
r
aisal
allo
wed
u
s
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
to
b
e
test
ed
.
W
e
u
s
ed
a
d
if
f
er
en
tiated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
er
e
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
s
ep
ar
ate
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
ev
al
u
a
tio
n
.
T
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
ea
ch
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
an
aly
s
is
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
T
o
u
lm
in
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
,
an
d
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
wh
ich
allo
wed
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
lo
g
ical
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
an
d
ev
id
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
v
iew
o
f
teac
h
e
r
ap
p
r
aisal,
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ass
ig
n
in
g
q
u
alif
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
is
lim
ited
as
it
o
v
er
lo
o
k
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
n
ee
d
s
an
d
lack
s
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
d
ep
th
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
v
alid
ity
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
r
esh
ap
es
ap
p
r
aisal
m
o
d
els,
em
p
h
asizin
g
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
teac
h
er
s
'
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
allo
ws
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ap
p
r
aisal
th
r
o
u
g
h
asp
e
cts
lik
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
,
ex
tr
ap
o
latio
n
,
a
n
d
v
alid
atio
n
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
u
n
u
s
ed
in
Ka
za
k
h
s
tan
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
in
teg
r
ates
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
v
alid
ity
,
f
o
llo
win
g
Me
s
s
ick
'
s
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
ev
id
en
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
o
r
r
ef
u
tin
g
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
t r
esu
lts
.
4
.
2
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
io
ns
a
nd
re
co
m
m
en
da
t
io
ns
f
o
r
f
urt
her
us
e
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
aim
ed
at
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
teac
h
er
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
ity
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ass
ig
n
in
g
q
u
alif
i
ca
tio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
allo
ws
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
au
th
o
r
ities
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
an
al
y
ze
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
,
id
en
tify
cr
itical
p
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Ka
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