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4
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[
1
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–
[
3
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.
T
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r
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14
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3
3
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9
1332
in
d
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[
1
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Ho
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tain
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An
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tech
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u
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p
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[
5
]
.
I
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telec
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p
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[
5
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–
[
7
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.
Atten
tio
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b
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p
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u
r
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
am
o
n
g
lear
n
er
s
[
2
]
,
[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
.
Ad
d
i
tio
n
ally
,
is
s
u
es
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
d
ata
p
r
o
te
ctio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
er
io
u
s
atten
tio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
I
t
s
f
o
cu
s
lies
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
p
r
o
jects
aim
ed
at
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
r
a
p
id
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies an
d
th
eir
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
esear
ch
in
to
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ject
m
eth
o
d
s
in
m
o
d
e
r
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
aim
s
to
id
e
n
tify
o
p
tim
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
eir
b
en
ef
its
,
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
p
o
ten
tial
n
eg
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
f
o
r
wr
itin
g
t
h
is
ar
ticle
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
to
ex
p
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
in
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
m
ak
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
p
r
o
jects
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
g
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
R
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
r
o
jects
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
a
ce
r
tain
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
te
ac
h
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
p
r
o
jects
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
a
d
ee
p
er
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ate
r
ial.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
lies
in
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
to
s
tim
u
late
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
d
ee
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
u
s
in
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
teac
h
in
g
an
d
co
m
b
i
n
ed
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
r
esu
lts
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
r
ap
id
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
m
o
d
er
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
to
n
ew
ch
alle
n
g
es
an
d
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
v
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ea
l
ities
o
f
th
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
wo
r
l
d
,
wh
er
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies p
lay
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
b
eh
i
n
d
t
h
is
ar
ticle
lies
in
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ad
ap
tin
g
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
in
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
en
d
ea
v
o
r
n
o
t
o
n
ly
aim
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
u
t
also
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
a
s
a
wh
o
le,
en
s
u
r
in
g
its
alig
n
m
en
t
with
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
s
o
cial
c
h
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
h
y
p
o
th
esis
p
o
s
i
ts
th
at
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ad
a
p
tin
g
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
e
n
ab
les
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
to
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tice,
th
er
eb
y
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
t
o
p
r
esen
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ject.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
is
to
im
p
lem
en
t
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
f
p
h
ilo
lo
g
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e
:
i)
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
a
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ject
f
o
r
p
h
ilo
lo
g
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
;
ii)
t
o
ass
es
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ject
;
an
d
iii)
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
I
n
th
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
I
C
T
)
p
lay
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
[
6
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
ea
c
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
o
jects
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
an
in
teg
r
al
p
ar
t
o
f
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
s
tr
ateg
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
u
n
iq
u
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
e
x
ch
an
g
e
,
an
d
g
lo
b
al
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ject
m
eth
o
d
s
in
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
a
r
elev
an
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
d
ir
ec
tio
n
th
at
war
r
an
ts
ca
r
ef
u
l
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
an
d
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
i
s
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
th
a
t
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
r
ich
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
R
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
latf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Teleco
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
ject
m
eth
o
d
s
a
s
a
n
effec
tive
to
o
l in
mo
d
ern
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
(
Ma
r
in
a
Le
b
ed
ev
a
)
1333
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
in
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
n
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
u
ti
l
i
z
at
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
t
o
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
e
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
ts
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
d
e
e
p
e
n
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
u
n
d
er
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
u
b
j
ec
t
s
b
u
t
a
ls
o
s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
k
il
ls
[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
es
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
ts
[
2
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
at
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
to
t
h
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
i
li
t
y
o
f
a
w
i
d
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
b
u
t
a
l
s
o
t
o
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
g
l
o
b
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
n
o
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
o
l
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
at
io
n
a
l
i
n
i
t
i
a
ti
v
e
s
a
n
d
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
u
n
i
q
u
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
t
o
b
r
o
a
d
e
n
t
h
e
i
r
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
s
[
8
]
.
S
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
to
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
s
t
o
b
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
[
3
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
y
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
ti
c
es
i
n
l
in
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
a
p
i
d
ly
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
d
is
c
r
e
p
a
n
ci
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
o
i
s
s
u
es
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
u
ti
l
iz
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
i
n
t
ea
c
h
i
n
g
[
1
6
]
.
S
o
m
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
d
i
ca
t
es
i
n
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
at
t
e
n
ti
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
f
o
r
w
o
r
k
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
g
it
al
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
p
ac
e
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ti
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
es
a
ct
i
v
e
l
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
n
e
w
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
s
o
th
a
t
t
h
e
y
c
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
ic
e
.
Ot
h
e
r
s
t
u
d
i
es
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
a
t
t
e
ac
h
e
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
t
r
a
in
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
y
e
a
r
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
s
k
i
ll
s
i
n
s
p
e
c
i
f
ic
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
te
a
c
h
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
s
t
i
ll
a
d
e
f
i
ci
t
i
n
t
h
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
g
ap
s
in
r
esear
ch
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
th
e
o
n
lin
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Desp
ite
s
ev
e
r
al
p
o
s
itiv
e
asp
ec
ts
,
ch
allen
g
es
ex
i
s
t
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
is
s
u
es
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
n
ec
ess
it
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
q
u
ality
lear
n
in
g
in
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
r
em
o
te
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Desp
ite
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
r
s
es
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
th
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
a
u
n
if
ied
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
is
n
ec
ess
itates
d
ee
p
er
r
esear
ch
in
to
ev
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
an
d
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
o
n
li
n
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
.
L
im
itatio
n
s
i
n
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
lie
in
th
e
f
a
ct
th
at
m
o
s
t
wo
r
k
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
,
leav
in
g
asid
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
f
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
t
ex
t
[
2
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
cr
ea
tes
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
r
ea
lizin
g
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
ew
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
er
ies
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
b
e
tak
en
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tr
ain
in
g
s
p
ec
i
alis
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
ass
im
ilatio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t c
o
n
tex
t,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
o
n
li
n
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
I
C
T
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
ju
s
tifie
d
b
y
th
e
n
e
ce
s
s
ity
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ig
ital
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
to
o
ls
cr
ea
tes
a
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
e
a
r
ticle
lies
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
t
h
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
in
th
e
ac
tiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t
en
d
o
ws
th
e
wo
r
k
with
o
r
ig
in
ality
an
d
p
r
esen
ts
in
ter
est
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Study
des
ig
n
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
b
as
e
d
o
n
a
p
i
l
o
t
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
o
n
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
i
s
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
w
a
s
c
h
o
s
e
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
t
i
c
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
io
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
l
l
o
w
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
o
n
e
g
r
o
u
p
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.
A
d
d
i
ti
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
i
t
e
n
a
b
l
e
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
at
i
c
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.
3
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2
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P
a
rt
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T
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v
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1
1
2
s
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n
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r
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u
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f
r
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m
th
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ee
h
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h
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u
ca
tio
n
al
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titu
tio
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in
R
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al
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y
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p
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T
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p
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in
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Facu
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Sech
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Un
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Par
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p
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an
t
s
'
k
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k
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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3
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3
.
P
r
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ce
du
re
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
a
m
o
n
g
p
h
ilo
lo
g
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
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m
t
h
e
af
o
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e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
o
v
er
1
2
wee
k
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
wen
t
tr
ain
in
g
b
ased
o
n
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
ap
p
r
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ac
h
to
ad
ap
ti
n
g
tele
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
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d
en
ts
wer
e
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
u
r
s
es,
an
d
th
eir
in
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ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
k
n
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e
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n
d
s
k
ills
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b
ased
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n
t
h
eir
p
er
f
o
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m
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ce
i
n
th
e
f
ir
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t
s
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ester
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f
s
p
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if
ic
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y
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u
b
jects.
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b
s
eq
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tly
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e
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ar
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t
g
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with
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tr
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m
u
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al
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if
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ass
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en
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n
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ated
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0
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0
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in
u
tes
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k
.
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e
p
r
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g
r
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co
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s
e
to
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ics r
elate
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g
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is
tics
,
lit
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atu
r
e,
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d
o
th
e
r
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
h
ilo
lo
g
y
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1.
Up
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
a
r
ea
s
s
ess
m
en
t
o
f
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lev
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o
f
k
n
o
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d
s
k
ills
in
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e
g
r
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p
was
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n
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cted
.
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r
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t
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;
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of
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n
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T
h
e
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lts
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n
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er
wen
t
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
to
id
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if
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e
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ce
s
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s
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en
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ac
h
iev
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ts
.
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d
itio
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ally
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a
t
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
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ai
n
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g
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a
s
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r
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ey
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u
cted
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ass
ess
en
g
ag
em
en
t in
th
e
le
ar
n
in
g
p
r
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ce
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s
u
s
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g
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t scale
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u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2.
T
ab
le
1.
T
r
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
ject
“
Ph
ilo
lo
g
y
2
.
0
:
tel
ec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lear
n
in
g
”
M
o
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l
e
Le
c
t
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s
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T
ab
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2
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Su
r
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f
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r
in
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tu
d
en
ts
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el
in
tech
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d
lear
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N
o
.
S
u
r
v
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y
q
u
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s
t
i
o
n
s
1.
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
u
se
d
i
n
t
h
e
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d
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p
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t
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st
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g
a
n
d
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g
a
g
i
n
g
.
2.
I
p
r
e
f
e
r
u
si
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
(
e
-
b
o
o
k
s
,
v
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d
e
o
t
u
t
o
r
i
a
l
s,
t
e
l
e
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s)
i
n
st
e
a
d
o
f
t
r
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
mat
e
r
i
a
l
s.
3.
Th
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
n
l
i
n
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
ms f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
g
i
v
e
s m
e
m
o
r
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss.
4.
I
a
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
d
i
s
c
u
ss
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
e
ss
o
n
s c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
5.
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
me
t
h
o
d
s,
su
c
h
a
s
w
e
b
i
n
a
r
s
a
n
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
s,
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
my
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
.
6.
I
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
h
e
l
p
s me
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
f
o
r
my
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
.
7.
Th
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
u
se
m
o
b
i
l
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
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o
n
s
i
s a
n
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m
p
o
r
t
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n
t
a
s
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t
o
f
t
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d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss f
o
r
m
e
.
8.
I
a
m w
i
l
l
i
n
g
t
o
u
se
n
e
w
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
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s,
e
v
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n
i
f
t
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y
r
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q
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r
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a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
o
r
t
t
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a
r
n
.
9.
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
l
i
b
r
a
r
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s
a
n
d
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so
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p
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1
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en
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ew
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
Stu
d
en
t'
s
t
-
test
s
wi
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
.
A
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
t
-
test
is
a
s
tatis
t
ical
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
if
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
two
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
am
p
les.
Sh
ap
ir
o
-
W
ilk
ass
u
r
e
d
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
th
at
th
er
e
wer
e
n
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
to
r
ejec
t
th
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
th
at
th
e
d
ata
ar
e
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
.
3
.
5
.
E
t
hica
l iss
ues
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
d
es
ig
n
ed
an
d
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
llo
win
g
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
A
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
wh
ich
all
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
f
o
llo
wed
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
co
m
m
en
ce
m
en
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ities
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
e
f
u
lly
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
with
all
p
a
r
ticip
a
n
ts
.
Per
s
o
n
al
d
ata
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
wer
e
an
o
n
y
m
ized
to
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Aca
de
m
ic
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
s
t
ud
ent
s
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t,
th
e
b
aselin
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
p
h
ilo
l
o
g
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
was
ass
es
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
g
r
ad
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
em
ester
o
f
s
tu
d
y
with
o
u
t
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Statis
tical
an
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
N=
1
1
2
)
h
ad
a
s
im
ilar
lev
el
o
f
b
aselin
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
(
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
:
X=
7
5
.
5
,
SD=4
.
6
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
u
n
d
er
wen
t
an
in
te
n
s
iv
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
co
u
r
s
e,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
ed
v
ir
tu
al
to
u
r
s
,
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
,
o
n
lin
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
m
u
ltime
d
ia
p
r
o
jects.
Up
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
tallied
an
d
ca
lcu
lated
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
g
a
u
g
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
m
ater
ial
ass
im
ilatio
n
an
d
ch
an
g
es
in
t
h
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
Statis
tical
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
a
f
ter
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e:
X
=8
0
.
1
,
SD=5
.
2
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
av
er
a
g
e
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
4
.
6
p
o
in
ts
,
wh
ich
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lev
el.
All
th
ese
d
ata
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Aca
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
G
r
o
u
p
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
t
e
s
t
s
c
o
r
e
B
e
f
o
r
e
st
u
d
y
i
n
g
SD
t
-
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
P
-
v
a
l
u
e
A
f
t
e
r
st
u
d
y
i
n
g
SD
t
-
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
1
1
2
7
5
.
5
4
.
6
2
.
3
0
.
0
3
3
8
0
.
1
5
.
2
3
.
8
0
.
0
2
9
4
.
2
.
Student
eng
a
g
e
m
ent
T
h
e
v
alu
es
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
4
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
en
er
ally
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
e
x
h
ib
it
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
en
g
a
g
e
m
en
t.
On
av
er
ag
e,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ag
r
ee
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
d
d
s
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
a
n
d
e
x
c
i
t
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
w
it
h
l
i
t
tl
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
it
y
i
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
.
A
d
d
i
ti
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
ef
er
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
e
-
b
o
o
k
s
,
v
id
eo
less
o
n
s
,
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects,
h
ig
h
ly
v
alu
in
g
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
b
eliev
e
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ad
d
s
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
to
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
e
i
s
s
o
m
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
r
atin
g
s
.
R
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
ac
tiv
ely
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
less
o
n
s
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
,
wh
ich
m
ay
in
d
icate
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
lev
els
o
f
en
g
a
g
em
en
t.
I
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
web
in
a
r
s
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
lectu
r
es,
ar
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
as
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tin
g
to
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ater
ial.
Ov
er
all,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
willin
g
to
em
b
r
ac
e
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
ev
en
i
f
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
ef
f
o
r
t
to
le
ar
n
.
E
lectr
o
n
ic
lib
r
a
r
ies
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
s
ee
n
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
a
m
ea
n
s
to
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
m
p
lete
ac
ad
em
i
c
task
s
,
as
th
ey
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
a
k
es
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
er
n
a
n
d
r
elev
an
t,
a
n
d
th
ey
r
ate
th
is
asp
ec
t
h
ig
h
l
y
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
a
g
e
n
er
al
p
o
s
itiv
e
tr
en
d
to
war
d
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
h
ig
h
s
tu
d
en
t e
n
g
ag
em
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
1
3
3
1
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1
3
3
9
1336
T
ab
le
4
.
Stu
d
e
n
t e
n
g
a
g
em
en
t
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
M
e
a
n
SD
1.
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s m
a
k
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
.
4
.
2
0
.
8
2.
P
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
.
4
.
5
0
.
7
3.
F
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
u
si
n
g
o
n
l
i
n
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
ms.
4
.
0
0
.
9
4.
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
i
sc
u
ssi
o
n
s a
n
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
e
ss
o
n
s.
3
.
8
1
.
0
5.
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
.
4
.
4
0
.
6
6.
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
h
e
l
p
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
s
.
4
.
3
0
.
7
7.
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
mo
b
i
l
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s.
3
.
9
0
.
8
8.
W
i
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l
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g
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e
ss
t
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se
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e
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t
e
c
h
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e
s.
4
.
1
0
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9
9.
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
l
i
b
r
a
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
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r
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e
s.
4
.
2
0
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7
1
0
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Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
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i
e
s m
a
k
e
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h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss mo
d
e
r
n
.
4
.
6
0
.
5
I
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
s
titu
tes
an
in
teg
r
al
p
a
r
t
o
f
a
d
v
an
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g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
a
ctice
s
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
to
ed
u
ca
te
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
to
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
s
o
ciet
y
in
th
e
co
m
in
g
y
ea
r
s
:
th
e
y
o
u
th
o
f
th
is
g
en
er
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
p
lay
an
ac
tiv
e
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
i
n
g
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
is
g
o
al
m
ay
n
o
t
b
e
f
u
lly
ac
h
iev
ed
-
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
in
te
g
r
ate
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
s
u
ch
as
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects,
I
o
T
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
ar
tific
i
al
in
tellig
en
ce
,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
i
n
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
r
a
ctice
s
aim
ed
at
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
b
et
ter
f
u
tu
r
e
[
2
3
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
aim
s
o
f
a
p
ar
tic
u
lar
s
tu
d
y
was
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
clim
ate,
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
u
s
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
I
C
T
)
in
T
aiwa
n
[
2
4
]
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
in
g
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
(
SEM
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
clim
ate
an
d
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
u
s
in
g
I
C
T
.
I
n
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
g
en
er
ally
ag
r
ee
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
en
h
an
ce
s
in
te
r
est
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
th
e
y
also
n
o
te
d
th
at
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ak
es th
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
er
n
an
d
r
elev
an
t.
An
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
to
co
n
s
id
er
is
teac
h
er
s
'
s
elf
-
p
er
ce
iv
ed
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tr
ain
in
g
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
I
n
th
is
r
e
g
ar
d
,
a
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
d
th
at
5
0
.
0
%
f
elt
a
m
o
d
er
ate
n
ee
d
,
wh
ile
3
7
.
0
%
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
h
ig
h
n
ee
d
[
2
5
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
r
ep
o
r
te
d
lo
w
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
in
d
ig
italizin
g
teac
h
in
g
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ated
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
n
ee
d
f
o
r
t
r
ain
in
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
in
v
esti
g
ate
teac
h
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
th
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
th
is
wo
r
k
r
ev
ea
l
ed
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
en
h
an
ce
s
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
in
ter
est
an
d
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
m
at
er
ial.
Fro
m
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
in
f
er
r
ed
th
at
teac
h
er
s
n
ee
d
to
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
u
tili
ze
I
C
T
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
in
ter
est,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
an
d
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
I
n
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
,
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
was
u
tili
ze
d
:
3
D
h
o
lo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
3
DHT
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
(
SMD=
0
.
8
3
5
,
9
5
%
C
I
[
0
.
5
1
6
,
1
.
1
5
3
]
,
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
as
th
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
we
em
p
lo
y
e
d
—
a
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
r
o
ject
—
also
s
h
o
wed
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t le
ar
n
in
g
: th
ei
r
ac
ad
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
c
r
e
ased
b
y
4
.
6
p
o
in
ts
af
ter
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
is
s
u
e
o
f
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
with
in
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
c
u
r
r
icu
la,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
a
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
n
v
ey
o
r
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
as
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
with
i
n
th
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
ad
h
er
es
to
a
p
r
o
b
lem
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
d
esig
n
,
as
th
e
co
u
r
s
es
with
in
it
ar
e
clo
s
ely
in
ter
r
elate
d
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
d
e
ep
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
ac
tices
alig
n
ed
with
a
cu
lm
in
atin
g
p
r
o
ject.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
u
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
s
y
s
tem
ic
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
to
d
esig
n
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
m
ee
ts
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
w
h
a
t
th
ey
h
a
v
e
lear
n
ed
in
th
is
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
ip
elin
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
a
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
7
]
.
B
o
th
in
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
,
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
r
o
jects
led
to
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
,
s
u
ch
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
b
o
th
in
s
tan
ce
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ated
t
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
o
s
itiv
ely
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
u
d
y
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
es
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
i
n
f
o
r
e
i
g
n
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
[
2
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
ject
m
eth
o
d
s
er
v
es
as
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
l
to
ac
tiv
ate
co
g
n
itiv
e
ac
tiv
ity
,
d
ev
elo
p
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
ce
r
tain
p
er
s
o
n
al
q
u
alities
.
I
t
p
r
ed
icts
s
tu
d
en
t
co
g
n
itiv
e
ac
tiv
ity
,
p
r
o
b
lem
atize
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ial,
co
n
n
ec
ts
lear
n
in
g
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
life
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izes
lear
n
in
g
as
an
ac
tiv
ity
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
allo
ws
f
o
r
a
d
ep
a
r
tu
r
e
f
r
o
m
a
u
th
o
r
itar
ian
teac
h
in
g
s
ty
les
an
d
r
eo
r
ien
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Teleco
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
ject
m
eth
o
d
s
a
s
a
n
effec
tive
to
o
l in
mo
d
ern
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
(
Ma
r
in
a
Le
b
ed
ev
a
)
1337
s
tu
d
en
t
wo
r
k
t
o
war
d
s
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
ce
,
with
a
n
em
p
h
asis
o
n
r
esear
ch
,
e
x
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
,
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
as
well
as
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
f
o
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
s
tu
d
en
t in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
a
n
d
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
,
as we
ll a
s
th
eir
co
g
n
itiv
e
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
h
av
e
b
e
co
m
e
a
r
eliab
le
m
e
ch
an
is
m
f
o
r
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
co
l
lab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
r
esear
c
h
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
d
escr
ib
es
a
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
f
twar
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
r
ad
io
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
o
u
tlin
e
a
p
r
ac
tical
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
at
f
a
cilitates
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ess
en
tial
tech
n
ical
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
s
k
ills
with
o
u
t
in
h
er
e
n
t
d
if
f
icu
lties
an
d
co
s
ts
.
T
h
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
p
o
r
tab
le
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
r
ep
licated
in
o
th
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
ad
ap
ted
t
o
th
ei
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Similar
ly
to
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
th
e
e
d
u
c
atio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
p
lay
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
cr
ea
tin
g
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
cr
itical
s
k
ills
an
d
en
h
an
ce
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
t
o
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
tr
a
n
et
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
o
ls
am
o
n
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
s
taf
f
in
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
C
r
o
s
s
R
iv
er
State,
Nig
er
ia
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
in
tr
an
et
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
o
ls
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
C
r
o
s
s
R
iv
er
State
h
as
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
am
o
n
g
th
e
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
s
taf
f
o
f
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ai
n
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
th
at
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
i
n
tr
an
et
s
er
v
ices,
s
u
ch
as
l
o
ca
l
ar
ea
n
e
two
r
k
s
(
L
AN)
,
f
o
r
th
e
r
a
p
id
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
o
l
s
,
s
u
ch
as
telep
h
o
n
es
an
d
f
ax
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
to
all
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
m
an
ag
er
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
wif
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
am
o
n
g
s
taf
f
.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
alig
n
s
with
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
as
b
o
th
s
tu
d
ies
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
p
er
at
io
n
al
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
wh
eth
er
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
i
n
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
s
taf
f
.
I
n
b
o
th
ca
s
es,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
o
ls
lead
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
wo
r
k
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
im
ar
ily
a
d
o
p
t
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
n
atu
r
e,
e
n
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
ills
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
ctiv
ities
,
as
wel
l
as
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
o
r
m
s
,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
to
o
ls
in
to
th
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
3
1
]
.
I
llu
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
s
cien
ce
s
,
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
c
an
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
et
h
o
d
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
m
p
tly
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
task
s
o
f
f
u
lly
co
n
v
ey
in
g
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
em
in
p
r
ac
tice.
4
.
3
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
T
h
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
am
o
n
g
th
r
ee
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
;
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
g
en
er
alize
d
to
th
e
en
tire
n
atio
n
.
Gen
d
er
was
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
was
s
m
all.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
o
f
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
g
r
o
u
p
,
r
ath
er
th
an
a
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
t
wo
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
co
u
ld
h
av
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
co
u
ld
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
ac
ad
em
i
c
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
l
o
n
g
ter
m
an
d
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
to
id
en
tif
y
b
est p
r
ac
tices.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Du
r
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects
m
eth
o
d
i
n
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
u
n
d
en
ia
b
ly
p
o
s
itiv
ely
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
d
ep
th
o
f
m
ater
ial
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
.
Statis
tical
an
aly
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
n
o
tab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
co
u
r
s
e
-
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
7
5
.
5
to
8
0
.
1
,
s
u
b
s
tan
tiated
b
y
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t le
v
el.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
s
u
r
v
e
y
in
d
icate
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
ac
tiv
ely
en
d
o
r
s
e
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
a
n
d
in
te
r
ac
tiv
e
tea
ch
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
a
r
ch
i
n
g
tr
e
n
d
s
u
g
g
ests
a
f
av
o
r
ab
le
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
cien
tific
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
lies
in
ex
p
a
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
jects
o
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
v
alu
e
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
s
ti
m
u
late
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
d
ee
p
en
m
ater
ial
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
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1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.