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m
s
aim
ed
at
cr
ea
tin
g
a
s
af
e
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
c
o
n
s
titu
tes
a
u
n
iq
u
e
s
et
o
f
ch
allen
g
es
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
wo
r
k
in
g
with
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
s
o
cial
d
y
n
am
ics,
f
u
eled
b
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
c
h
an
g
in
g
cu
ltu
r
al
n
o
r
m
s
,
h
as
cr
ea
ted
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
n
u
a
n
ce
d
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
So
cial
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
ar
e
at
t
h
e
f
o
r
ef
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
is
ev
o
lu
tio
n
,
t
ask
ed
with
g
u
id
in
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
k
ey
s
t
ag
e
o
f
th
eir
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
f
th
ese
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e,
d
y
n
a
m
ic,
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
cial
co
n
tex
t
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
an
em
p
h
asis
o
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
a
d
o
lescen
t
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
a
d
o
lescen
t
p
er
io
d
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
r
a
p
id
p
h
y
s
ica
l,
em
o
tio
n
al,
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
ch
an
g
es
[
1
4
]
.
So
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
p
o
s
s
ess
a
d
ee
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
ese
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
a
d
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
an
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
ty
p
ical
is
s
u
es
with
in
th
is
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
,
s
u
ch
as
id
en
tity
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
p
ee
r
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
th
e
s
tr
u
g
g
le
f
o
r
au
to
n
o
m
y
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
ad
o
lescen
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
also
b
e
tr
ai
n
ed
i
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ad
d
r
ess
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
m
ay
in
v
o
lv
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
c
o
n
f
lict
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
en
h
an
ce
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
elf
-
esteem
in
ad
o
lescen
ts
[
5
]
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
also
b
e
ab
le
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
s
ig
n
s
o
f
v
ictim
izatio
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
o
f
ten
b
e
s
u
b
tle
o
r
h
id
d
en
.
E
ar
ly
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
p
r
e
v
en
ti
n
g
th
e
escalatio
n
o
f
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
its
lo
n
g
-
te
r
m
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
[
1
5
]
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
f
a
v
o
r
a
b
le
an
d
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
So
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
p
lay
a
k
e
y
r
o
le
i
n
s
h
ap
i
n
g
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
ltu
r
e.
T
h
e
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
t
r
ain
ed
to
im
p
lem
en
t
p
o
licies
an
d
p
r
ac
t
ices
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
esp
ec
t,
e
m
p
ath
y
,
an
d
k
in
d
n
ess
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
an
ti
-
b
u
lly
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
p
ee
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
a
n
d
in
itiativ
es
th
at
ce
leb
r
ate
d
i
v
er
s
ity
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
ity
.
A
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
c
u
ltu
r
e
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
v
ictim
b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
af
e
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
tr
ain
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
also
en
c
o
m
p
ass
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
at
lar
g
e.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
f
am
ily
an
d
s
o
ciety
in
s
h
ap
in
g
a
d
o
lescen
t
b
eh
av
io
r
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
o
v
er
esti
m
ated
.
So
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
n
ee
d
s
k
ills
to
en
g
ag
e
with
f
am
ilies
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ate
with
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
b
r
o
a
d
er
is
s
u
es
im
p
ac
tin
g
th
e
liv
es
o
f
a
d
o
lescen
ts
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
m
ay
in
v
o
lv
e
wo
r
k
in
g
with
p
ar
e
n
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
ei
r
ch
ild
'
s
n
ee
d
s
,
co
llab
o
r
atin
g
with
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
a
d
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
p
o
lic
ies
th
at
p
r
o
tect
ad
o
lescen
ts
an
d
ex
p
an
d
th
eir
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
'
in
clin
atio
n
to
wa
r
d
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
is
a
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
task
.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
i
r
es
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
a
d
o
lescen
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
co
n
d
u
civ
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
f
am
ilies
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
ese
ar
ea
s
,
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
c
an
b
etter
e
q
u
ip
th
em
s
elv
es
to
g
u
id
e
ad
o
lescen
ts
awa
y
f
r
o
m
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
to
war
d
a
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
f
u
lf
i
llin
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
tr
ajec
to
r
y
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
r
esear
ch
ef
f
o
r
ts
d
elv
e
in
to
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
a
d
o
lescen
t
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ea
r
ly
life
ex
p
er
ien
c
es.
Stu
d
ies
in
th
is
f
ield
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
ad
v
er
s
e
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
a
n
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
ac
u
te
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ea
r
l
y
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
in
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
i
n
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
s
elf
-
esteem
,
p
ee
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
id
en
tify
in
g
l
o
w
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
p
o
o
r
p
ee
r
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
s
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
i
cto
r
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
n
a
d
o
lescen
t
b
eh
av
io
r
is
a
n
o
th
er
cr
u
cial
t
h
e
m
e.
R
esear
ch
in
th
is
ar
ea
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
s
ter
in
g
an
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
cu
ltu
r
e
witn
ess
f
ewe
r
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
b
u
lly
in
g
an
d
v
ictim
izatio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
is
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ated
b
y
s
tu
d
ies
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
ti
-
b
u
lly
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
as a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
r
ev
e
n
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ag
ai
n
s
t v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
s
o
cial
p
e
d
ag
o
g
u
es
is
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
An
an
aly
s
is
o
f
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
aim
e
d
at
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
ce
s
k
ills
in
ad
o
lescen
ts
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
lite
r
atu
r
e
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
r
esto
r
ativ
e
p
r
ac
tices
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
eir
r
o
le
in
cu
ltiv
atin
g
em
p
ath
y
an
d
r
ec
o
n
ciliatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
r
ain
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
ar
e
also
cr
u
cial
ar
ea
s
o
f
f
o
cu
s
.
R
ev
iews
in
th
is
f
ield
p
o
in
t
t
o
a
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ap
b
etwe
en
t
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r
etica
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ac
tical
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
Tr
a
in
in
g
o
f so
cia
l e
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
n
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f th
e
victim
b
eh
a
vio
r
(
Meir
a
mku
l Mu
r
z
a
g
u
lo
va
)
799
ap
p
licatio
n
in
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es,
u
r
g
in
g
th
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
is
g
ap
[
1
]
.
I
t
is
em
p
h
asized
th
at
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es to
ad
a
p
t to
th
e
c
h
an
g
in
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
[
6
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
ig
ital
m
ed
ia
o
n
ad
o
lescen
t
b
eh
av
io
r
is
an
ev
o
lv
in
g
ar
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
.
Stu
d
ies
in
th
is
f
ield
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
n
ad
o
lescen
t
s
'
s
elf
-
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
p
ee
r
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
in
to
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
a
g
o
g
u
es
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t
b
ec
o
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
elev
an
t
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
wh
er
e
o
n
lin
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
h
ap
es
th
e
s
o
cial
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
ad
o
lesce
n
ts
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
r
ich
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
r
esear
c
h
o
n
ad
o
lescen
t
v
ictim
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
ed
u
c
atio
n
.
I
t
c
o
v
er
s
v
a
r
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
all
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
b
est to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es f
o
r
th
eir
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
th
is
ar
ticle
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
ad
o
lescen
t
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
,
wh
ich
is
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
th
e
en
tire
p
o
s
t
-
So
v
iet
s
p
ac
e
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
m
o
d
e
r
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
v
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
wh
o
m
ay
en
co
u
n
ter
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
s
o
cial
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
with
in
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
lik
e
in
m
an
y
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies,
is
co
n
s
tan
tly
ev
o
l
v
in
g
to
m
ee
t
th
e
co
m
p
lex
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
ciety
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es
ad
d
r
e
s
s
in
g
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
b
u
lly
in
g
,
p
ee
r
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
a
n
d
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
v
ictim
b
eh
av
i
o
r
th
at
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
s
h
ed
s
lig
h
t
o
n
th
ese
is
s
u
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
eq
u
ip
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
o
ls
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
ar
ticle
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
s
o
cial
p
e
d
ag
o
g
u
e
s
.
I
n
a
co
u
n
tr
y
lik
e
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
wh
er
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
m
o
d
er
n
v
alu
es
o
f
ten
in
ter
s
ec
t,
s
o
cial
p
ed
a
g
o
g
u
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
ep
t
at
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
ese
co
m
p
le
x
ities
an
d
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
a
m
an
n
er
th
at
is
b
o
th
cu
ltu
r
a
lly
s
en
s
itiv
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
ar
ticle
ad
d
r
e
s
s
es
th
e
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
task
o
f
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
in
id
en
tify
in
g
,
in
ter
v
en
in
g
,
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
a
m
o
n
g
a
d
o
lescen
ts
.
I
n
d
o
i
n
g
s
o
,
it
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
g
o
al
o
f
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
h
ea
lth
ier
,
m
o
r
e
f
av
o
r
ab
le,
a
n
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t f
o
r
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
ad
d
r
ess
es
a
p
er
ti
n
en
t
is
s
u
e
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
th
e
n
ee
d
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
an
d
co
r
r
e
ctin
g
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
[
1
8
]
.
Desp
ite
ex
is
tin
g
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
th
er
e
r
em
ai
n
s
a
g
ap
in
eq
u
ip
p
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
m
o
d
er
n
m
eth
o
d
s
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
in
tr
icate
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
ad
o
lescen
t
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
g
ap
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
a
d
d
itio
n
al
tar
g
ete
d
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
aim
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
w
h
eth
er
ad
d
itio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
in
m
o
d
er
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
e
s
s
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
in
th
is
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
'
s
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
r
r
ef
u
te
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
th
at
s
u
ch
tr
ain
in
g
ca
n
p
o
s
itiv
ely
im
p
ac
t
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
'
c
ap
ab
ilit
ies
in
id
en
tify
in
g
,
in
ter
v
en
in
g
,
an
d
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
v
icti
m
b
eh
av
io
r
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
B
y
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
in
g
th
ese
o
b
jectiv
es,
th
e
ar
ticle
aim
s
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
id
ea
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
to
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
cial
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
an
d
p
o
ten
tially
i
n
o
th
er
s
im
ilar
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
ar
e
:
i)
d
ev
elo
p
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
th
at
en
co
m
p
ass
es
m
o
d
er
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
c
u
ttin
g
-
e
d
g
e
p
r
ac
tices
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
;
ii)
i
m
p
lem
en
t
th
is
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
with
a
s
ele
cted
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
o
cial
p
e
d
ag
o
g
u
es
an
d
ass
ess
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
tr
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
wh
er
e
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
n
o
t
t
h
e
m
ain
f
o
cu
s
;
an
d
iii)
e
v
alu
a
te
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
t
o
a
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
with
o
u
t in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
in
itial
s
tep
in
v
o
l
v
ed
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
t
h
at
in
teg
r
ate
d
m
o
d
e
r
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies an
d
cu
ttin
g
-
e
d
g
e
p
r
ac
tices in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
liter
atu
r
e
in
th
is
f
ield
,
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
s
with
ex
p
er
ts
,
an
d
a
n
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
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a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
e
ssa
y
s,
g
r
o
u
p
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
sess
i
o
n
s
,
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
p
l
a
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
2
.
1
.
Study
des
ig
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
a
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
a
s
p
ec
ialized
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
s
o
cial
p
e
d
ag
o
g
u
es
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
is
s
u
es
o
f
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
B
o
th
a
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
(
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
tr
ain
i
n
g
)
an
d
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
(
n
o
t
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
)
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
a
llo
win
g
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
s
elec
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
atif
ied
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
el
s
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
in
v
o
lv
ed
a
1
2
-
wee
k
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
titl
ed
“
m
o
d
er
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
o
cial
p
e
d
ag
o
g
u
es
’
wo
r
k
wit
h
ad
o
lescen
ts
:
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
ag
ain
s
t
v
ictim
b
eh
av
io
r
.
”
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
m
o
d
u
les
o
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
a
d
o
lescen
t
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
y
,
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
co
n
d
u
ci
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t.
Fo
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
h
ase,
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
was
s
ele
cted
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
u
p
u
n
d
er
wen
t
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
o
ass
es
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
a
“
p
r
e
-
test
/p
o
s
t
-
test
”
d
esig
n
wa
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
s
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
t
h
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
u
s
in
g
a
t
est.
A
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
o
f
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
d
id
n
o
t
u
n
d
er
g
o
tr
ain
i
n
g
was
also
ass
ess
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
r
an
d
o
m
ly
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
ea
ch
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
0
0
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
p
ar
ticip
ate
d
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
“
m
o
d
er
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es'
wo
r
k
with
ad
o
lescen
ts
:
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
a
n
d
c
o
r
r
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
ag
ain
s
t
v
ictim
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
”
wh
ile
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
f
u
lf
ill
th
eir
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
u
ties
with
o
u
t u
n
d
er
g
o
i
n
g
s
p
ec
ial
tr
a
in
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Tr
a
in
in
g
o
f so
cia
l e
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
n
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f th
e
victim
b
eh
a
vio
r
(
Meir
a
mku
l Mu
r
z
a
g
u
lo
va
)
801
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
n
o
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
.
T
h
is
n
o
n
-
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
er
v
ed
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
ain
ed
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
a
1
0
0
-
p
o
in
t
test
o
n
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
ad
o
lescen
t
v
ictim
s
,
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
in
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
p
r
e
-
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
te
s
t
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
t
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
s
.
2.
2
.
E
t
hica
l iss
ues
Ad
h
er
in
g
to
h
ig
h
et
h
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
was
th
e
co
r
n
e
r
s
to
n
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
h
o
n
esty
an
d
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
wh
i
le
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
ests
an
d
well
-
b
ei
n
g
o
f
all
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
Key
eth
ical
asp
ec
ts
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
l
y
m
ain
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
e
d
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
.
E
ac
h
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
b
en
ef
its
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
eir
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
th
e
r
i
g
h
t to
with
d
r
aw
at
an
y
tim
e
with
o
u
t n
e
g
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
Ma
in
tain
in
g
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
d
ata
was
a
p
r
io
r
ity
.
All
co
llected
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
an
o
n
y
m
ized
,
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
a
ta
wer
e
n
o
t
r
e
f
er
en
ce
d
in
an
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
Acc
e
s
s
to
th
e
d
ata
was
s
tr
ictly
lim
ited
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
team
,
an
d
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
wer
e
tak
en
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
r
esear
c
h
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
r
ev
iewe
d
a
n
d
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
th
e
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ev
iew
b
o
ar
d
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
with
et
h
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
i
n
v
o
l
v
in
g
h
u
m
an
s
u
b
jects.
Ad
h
er
in
g
to
th
ese
eth
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
t
h
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
ed
v
al
u
ab
le
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
u
t
also
u
p
h
eld
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
eth
ical
r
esear
ch
p
r
ac
tice
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
2
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h lim
it
a
t
io
ns
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
h
i
le
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
i
n
i
ts
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
s
o
c
i
a
l
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
u
e
s
,
e
n
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
e
d
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
l
i
m
i
t
at
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
n
e
e
d
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
a
n
u
a
n
c
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
as
t
h
e
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
co
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
F
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
r
e
g
i
o
n
m
a
y
n
o
t
f
u
ll
y
r
e
f
l
ec
t
t
h
e
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
ts
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
f
a
c
e
d
b
y
s
o
c
i
a
l
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
u
e
s
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
t
o
a
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
a
u
t
i
o
n
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
l
i
m
i
t
at
io
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
z
e
a
n
d
i
t
s
s
e
le
c
t
i
o
n
.
Al
t
h
o
u
g
h
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
w
e
r
e
m
a
d
e
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
at
i
v
e
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
el
y
s
m
a
l
l
s
i
z
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
s
t
r
a
t
i
f
ie
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
c
o
u
l
d
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
t
i
c
s
el
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
i
a
s
,
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
al
l
y
i
m
p
a
ct
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
v
a
li
d
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
at
i
o
n
p
e
r
i
o
d
m
i
g
h
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
i
n
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
f
o
r
o
b
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
e
f
f
e
c
ts
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
g
es
i
n
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
.
L
o
n
g
it
u
d
i
n
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
es
co
u
l
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
s
ta
i
n
e
d
i
m
p
a
ct
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
i
s
p
e
r
t
ai
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
.
2
.
4
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
a
m
eticu
l
o
u
s
ly
s
elec
ted
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
o
cial
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es
wh
o
p
lay
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
a
d
o
lescen
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
th
e
city
o
f
Ast
an
a,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
.
T
h
e
s
tr
atif
ied
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
e
p
r
es
en
tatio
n
o
f
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
t
h
ey
s
er
v
e.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
aim
ed
to
en
co
m
p
ass
a
b
r
o
ad
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
t
o
tal,
2
0
0
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
a
g
e
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
was
3
2
y
ea
r
s
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
a
b
len
d
o
f
n
o
v
ice
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
a
g
e
r
an
g
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
v
iew
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tag
es
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
g
en
d
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
r
is
ed
8
2
%
wo
m
e
n
an
d
1
8
%
m
en
.
T
h
is
r
atio
r
ef
lects
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
wo
m
e
n
s
o
ci
al
p
ed
ag
o
g
u
es o
f
te
n
co
n
s
titu
te
a
lar
g
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
was
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
c
o
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tatis
tical
p
ac
k
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
cia
l
s
cien
ce
s
(
SP
SS
)
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
b
o
th
q
u
an
titativ
e
a
n
d
q
u
alita
tiv
e
d
ata
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Qu
a
n
titativ
e
d
ata,
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
1
0
0
-
p
o
in
t
test
s
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
ter
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
,
wer
e
in
itially
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
u
s
in
g
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
t
atis
tics
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
o
v
e
r
a
ll
tr
en
d
s
an
d
s
co
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
p
air
e
d
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
p
r
e
-
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
tr
ain
in
g
s
co
r
es
with
in
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
cr
u
cial
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
wh
eth
er
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
led
to
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
a
m
p
le
t
-
test
s
co
m
p
ar
e
d
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
tr
ain
in
g
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
with
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
,
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
797
-
8
0
6
802
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3.
1
.
Resul
t
s
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
ar
e
an
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
to
o
l in
r
esear
ch
a
n
aly
s
is
,
ac
tin
g
as a
g
u
id
e
to
elu
cid
ate
k
ey
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
d
ata
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
h
elp
s
en
s
u
r
e
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
n
u
a
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
d
ata
s
et
an
d
allo
ws
y
o
u
to
d
r
aw
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tics
o
f
th
e
s
co
r
es
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
af
ter
test
in
g
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
in
b
o
th
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
,
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
t
est
r
em
ain
ed
u
n
ch
a
n
g
ed
at
4
3
.
0
0
,
as
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
s
co
r
ed
th
e
s
am
e.
Af
ter
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
p
o
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
with
a
m
ea
n
o
f
7
5
.
7
4
an
d
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
3
.
8
6
,
i
n
d
ic
atin
g
s
o
m
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
test
av
e
r
ag
e
s
co
r
e
was
7
5
.
0
0
,
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
co
r
e
o
f
7
2
an
d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
6
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
all
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
o
m
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
,
p
r
e
-
test
r
esu
lts
wer
e
th
e
s
am
e
as
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
4
3
.
0
0
an
d
n
o
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
p
o
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
a
m
u
ch
s
m
aller
in
cr
ea
s
e:
a
m
ea
n
o
f
4
8
.
7
3
a
n
d
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
2
.
8
4
9
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
test
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
was
5
1
.
0
0
,
b
u
t
s
co
r
es
v
a
r
ied
f
r
o
m
a
m
i
n
im
u
m
o
f
3
9
to
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
5
1
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
t
h
at
an
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
wer
e
m
in
im
al
a
n
d
u
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
air
e
d
-
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ta
l
g
r
o
u
p
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
p
r
e
-
test
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
s
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a
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i
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T
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h
a
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t
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s
w
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tly
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p
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c
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t
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r
s
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Pre
-
test
s
co
r
es
d
id
n
o
t
r
e
v
ea
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ab
le
b
aselin
e
an
d
e
m
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
its
elf
as
a
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
in
p
o
s
t
-
test
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
s
t
-
test
in
g
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
p
r
ac
tical
to
o
ls
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
e
n
ab
lin
g
th
em
to
b
etter
h
an
d
le
v
ictim
b
eh
av
i
o
r
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
g
iv
en
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ities
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
u
ch
d
elica
te
an
d
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
is
s
u
es in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
,
s
h
o
win
g
m
o
d
est
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t,
m
ay
r
ef
lect
n
at
u
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
o
th
er
n
o
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tar
k
co
n
tr
ast
in
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
with
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
in
d
icate
s
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
ese
r
esu
lts
with
s
i
m
ilar
s
tu
d
ies
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
t
h
e
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
5
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
m
p
ellin
g
ly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
wh
en
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
p
o
s
s
ess
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
k
ills
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
t
o
p
o
s
itiv
ely
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
ad
o
lescen
t
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
allev
iate
v
ictim
izatio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
c
r
ea
s
es
[
8
]
.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licy
an
d
p
r
a
ctice
.
T
h
e
ev
id
en
ce
p
o
in
ts
to
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
in
v
est
in
s
p
ec
ialized
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
a
t
en
ab
le
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
Su
ch
in
v
estme
n
ts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
e
n
ef
it
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
b
u
t
also
h
av
e
f
a
r
-
r
ea
ch
in
g
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
well
-
b
ein
g
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ad
o
lescen
ts
th
ey
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
in
g
r
esear
ch
i
n
th
is
f
ield
.
W
h
ile
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
o
en
h
an
ce
t
r
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
eir
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
o
th
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[
1
6
]
.
I
t
is
also
cr
u
cial
to
ex
ten
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
25
:
797
-
8
0
6
804
I
n
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
p
ec
ialized
tr
ain
in
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
is
s
u
es
o
f
ad
o
lescen
t
v
ictim
s
.
Ali
g
n
in
g
th
ese
r
esu
lts
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
ies co
m
p
lem
en
ts
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
ev
id
en
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
u
ch
in
itiativ
es.
As
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tin
u
es
t
o
ev
o
lv
e,
it
is
h
ig
h
ly
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
s
u
ch
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
i
n
teg
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
a
s
p
ec
ialized
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
s
o
cial
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
v
icti
m
b
eh
av
io
r
am
o
n
g
a
d
o
lescen
ts
.
Utiliz
in
g
a
1
0
0
-
p
o
in
t
test
as
th
e
as
s
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
n
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
ab
ilit
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
s
u
ch
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
lead
to
s
ev
er
al
k
e
y
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
p
o
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
with
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
ese
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
eir
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
s
k
ills
,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
th
at
s
p
ec
ialized
tr
ain
in
g
in
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
a
r
y
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
ele
v
ate
th
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
t
h
is
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
is
co
n
clu
s
io
n
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
ad
o
lescen
t b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
th
e
e
v
o
lv
in
g
ch
allen
g
es in
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1
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C
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.