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thr
ough
s
mall
me
dium
e
nter
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e
top
manage
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nt
(
E
r
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in
Sutomo
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1043
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
h
e
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n
t
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us
us
e
o
f
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m
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e
.
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o
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hi
g
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l
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e
d,
wi
t
h
b
us
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ne
s
s
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r
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r
TM
pl
a
yi
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a
p
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c
h
t
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hn
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l
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g
i
e
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to
i
nv
e
s
t
i
n
[
12]
.
T
hi
s
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
c
o
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bi
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d
w
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h
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l
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o
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wa
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f
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m
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n
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M
E
[
4]
,
[
12
]
,
[
13]
.
M
o
r
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o
v
e
r
,
S
M
E
s
f
a
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m
pe
t
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t
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v
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pr
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s
s
ur
e
(
C
P
)
[
13
]
,
[
24
]
–
[
26
]
.
T
h
e
pr
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s
s
ur
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s
pe
c
i
a
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pe
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l
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i
mm
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a
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po
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s
t
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m
l
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ne
d
o
pe
r
a
t
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duc
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d
c
o
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t
s
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o
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b
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l
y
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h
a
i
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a
ll
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w
hi
c
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t
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d
t
h
r
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ugh
S
-
c
o
m
m
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r
c
e
[
6]
,
[
12]
,
[
27]
.
T
hi
s
CP
,
whil
e
da
un
t
i
n
g,
a
l
s
o
pr
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n
t
s
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r
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n
a
l
s
t
r
a
t
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gi
e
s
[
28]
–
[
30
]
.
H
owe
v
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r
,
h
o
w
t
hi
s
pr
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s
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t
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w
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M
E
TM
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s
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de
r
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e
a
r
c
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d
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a
.
T
hi
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pa
r
t
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c
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ly
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s
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T
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ga
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nf
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nc
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m
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d
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-
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m
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’
s
c
o
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t
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nuo
us
us
e
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h
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s
t
udy
w
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ll
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x
p
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pe
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f
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t
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c
o
n
t
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us
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f
n
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w
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hn
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l
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g
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s
.
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h
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r
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o
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dr
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a
n
d
c
o
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p
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t
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t
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v
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ne
s
s
.
2.
HYP
OT
HE
S
E
S
DE
VE
L
OP
M
E
NT
F
i
gur
e
1
di
s
p
l
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t
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s
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a
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c
h
m
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de
l
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d
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c
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d
hy
po
t
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s
.
T
h
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r
e
a
r
e
5
v
a
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a
bl
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d
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hy
po
t
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s
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s
.
T
h
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po
t
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s
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de
r
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d
f
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o
m
t
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f
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nd
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o
f
pr
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vi
o
u
s
s
t
udi
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s
.
A
de
t
a
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l
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d
o
v
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e
w
o
f
t
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s
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t
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s
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pr
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d
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n
t
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f
o
l
l
o
w
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s
u
b
s
e
c
t
i
o
ns
.
F
i
gur
e
1
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
o
de
l
2.
1.
T
op
m
an
age
m
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
or
t
T
M
s
uppo
r
t
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
t
h
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e
x
t
e
n
t
to
whi
c
h
s
e
ni
o
r
e
x
e
c
ut
i
v
e
s
w
i
t
hi
n
a
n
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
c
o
m
mi
t
t
e
d
to
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
v
e
ly
i
nv
o
l
ve
d
i
n
t
h
e
a
do
p
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
t
o
a
c
hi
e
ve
b
us
i
ne
s
s
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
[
12]
,
[
31]
.
P
r
i
o
r
s
t
udi
e
s
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
T
M
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
ly
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
t
o
us
e
[
12
]
,
[
30]
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
,
T
M
c
a
n
e
nh
a
n
c
e
c
us
t
o
m
e
r
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
by
im
pr
o
vi
n
g
f
a
c
il
i
t
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
(
F
C
)
a
n
d
s
e
r
vi
c
e
qua
l
i
t
y
(
S
Q
)
to
f
o
s
t
e
r
a
s
uppo
r
t
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ve
a
n
d
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
v
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e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
nt,
e
n
s
ur
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n
g
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
S
-
c
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m
m
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r
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e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
m
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t
s
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x
pe
c
t
a
t
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o
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s
a
n
d
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n
c
o
ur
a
ge
s
c
o
n
t
i
n
ue
d
e
n
ga
g
e
m
e
n
t
[
21
]
,
[
32
]
.
S
Q
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
de
gr
e
e
o
f
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
d
by
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
r
s
t
o
b
us
i
ne
s
s
c
us
t
o
m
e
r
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
de
pe
n
da
bil
i
t
y
,
r
e
s
po
ns
i
ve
n
e
s
s
,
a
s
s
ur
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
e
m
pa
t
hy
[
3]
,
[
21]
.
F
C
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
t
to
whi
c
h
a
us
e
r
pe
r
c
e
i
v
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s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
a
n
d
o
r
ga
niza
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
i
s
c
a
p
a
bl
e
o
f
f
a
c
i
li
t
a
t
i
n
g
e
nh
a
n
c
e
d
ut
i
li
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
s
e
r
vi
c
e
[
21]
,
[
33]
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
hi
s
un
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g,
t
h
e
a
ut
h
or
s
hy
po
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
d
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng:
Hyp
ot
h
e
s
is
1
(
H1
)
:
T
M
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
i
c
ant
impac
t
on
C
U
;
Hyp
ot
h
e
s
is
2
(
H2)
:
T
M
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
icant
impac
t
on
SQ
;
Hyp
ot
h
e
s
is
3
(
H3)
:
T
M
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
icant
impac
t
on
F
C
.
2.
2.
Com
p
e
t
it
ive
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
I
n
t
hi
s
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
C
P
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
c
o
m
pe
t
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
o
n
f
a
c
e
s
w
i
t
hi
n
i
t
s
i
ndus
t
r
y
,
whi
c
h
c
a
n
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
i
n
f
l
ue
n
c
e
t
he
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
us
e
o
f
n
e
w
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
[
6]
,
[
1
2]
,
[
27]
.
P
r
i
o
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
C
P
h
a
s
a
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
do
pt
i
o
n
[
27]
,
[
30
]
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
w
i
ll
m
e
a
s
ur
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
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:
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5
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do
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3
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2
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1044
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
CP
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
us
e
o
f
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-
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o
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mer
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e
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n
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e
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n
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us
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a
s
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un
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h
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s
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he
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Hyp
ot
h
e
s
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4
(
H4)
:
C
P
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
i
c
ant
impac
t
on
T
M
;
Hyp
o
t
h
e
s
is
5
(
H5)
:
C
P
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
icant
e
ff
e
c
t
on
C
U
.
2.
3.
F
ac
il
it
at
in
g
c
on
d
i
t
ion
F
C
c
o
m
pr
i
s
e
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
he
l
p
f
u
l
s
i
t
ua
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
i
nf
r
a
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
in
t
h
e
S
M
E
s
’
a
do
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
s
uc
h
a
s
S
-
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
,
f
o
r
b
us
i
ne
s
s
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ge
s
[
21]
,
[
32]
.
P
r
i
o
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
F
C
h
a
s
a
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
a
l
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
[
3
2]
,
[
33]
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
t
h
e
hy
po
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
d
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
in
g:
Hyp
ot
h
e
s
is
6
(
H6)
:
F
C
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
ic
ant
impac
t
on
SQ
;
Hyp
ot
h
e
s
is
7
(
H2
)
:
F
C
has
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
icant
e
ff
e
c
ts
on
C
U
.
2.
4.
S
e
r
vice
q
u
al
it
y
T
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
p
b
e
t
we
e
n
s
e
r
vi
c
e
qua
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
us
t
o
m
e
r
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
we
ll
-
e
s
t
a
bli
s
he
d,
w
i
t
h
s
e
r
vi
c
e
qua
l
i
t
y
b
e
i
ng
de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
t
h
e
ga
p
be
t
we
e
n
c
us
t
o
m
e
r
e
x
pe
c
t
a
t
i
o
ns
a
n
d
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n
s
[
3]
,
[
34]
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
pr
e
vi
o
us
s
t
udi
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
,
s
e
r
vi
c
e
qua
l
i
t
y
e
n
c
o
m
pa
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
a
n
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
i
n
f
a
c
i
li
t
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
h
o
pp
i
n
g
pr
o
c
e
s
s
a
n
d
de
l
i
ve
r
i
ng
pr
o
duc
t
s
.
T
hi
s
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
a
de
s
i
r
e
t
o
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
[
3]
,
[
21
]
,
[
34]
.
B
ui
l
d
i
ng
upo
n
t
h
i
s
un
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
hy
po
t
h
e
s
e
s
a
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
e
d.
Hyp
ot
h
e
s
is
8
(H
8
):
SQ
has
a
pos
it
ive
and
s
igni
f
ic
ant
impac
t
on
C
U
.
2.
5.
Cont
in
u
ou
s
u
s
e
B
e
h
a
vi
o
r
a
l
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
pe
o
pl
e
a
n
d
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
o
ns
to
a
d
o
p
t
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
n
e
w
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
S
M
E
s
,
t
h
e
de
s
i
r
e
to
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
us
e
(
C
U)
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
o
r
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
o
nl
i
ne
pur
c
h
a
s
i
ng
a
n
d
s
e
ll
i
ng
[
27]
.
P
r
e
vi
o
us
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ha
s
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
t
h
a
t
f
a
c
il
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
TM
s
uppo
r
t,
s
e
r
vi
c
e
qua
li
t
y
,
a
n
d
CP
a
r
e
de
t
e
r
m
i
na
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
s
upp
o
r
t
t
h
e
de
s
i
r
e
to
us
e
S
-
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
[
12]
,
[
21
]
,
[
30
]
,
[
33
]
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
,
C
U
a
c
t
s
a
s
a
de
pe
n
de
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
t
h
a
t
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
t
h
e
c
on
t
i
n
uo
us
us
e
o
f
S
-
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
.
3.
M
E
T
HO
D
3.
1.
I
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s
d
e
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
T
h
e
que
s
t
i
o
nn
a
i
r
e
i
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wa
s
a
da
pt
e
d
f
r
o
m
pr
e
vi
o
u
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
F
C
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
i
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
a
do
p
t
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
35]
,
[
36]
.
T
M
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
i
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
a
do
pt
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
12]
.
C
P
is
a
do
p
t
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
12]
.
M
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
i
t
e
m
s
SQ
a
r
e
a
do
p
t
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
34]
,
[
37]
,
[
38]
.
M
e
a
n
w
hil
e
,
C
U
me
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
i
t
e
m
s
we
r
e
a
do
p
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
12]
,
[
20]
,
[
38]
.
T
h
e
que
s
t
i
o
nn
a
i
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
d
o
f
25
i
t
e
m
s
to
m
e
a
s
ur
e
f
i
ve
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
ve
-
po
i
n
t
L
i
ke
r
t
s
c
a
l
e
i
s
us
e
d,
r
a
n
g
i
ng
f
r
o
m
1
(
d
i
s
a
gr
e
e
)
to
5
(
s
t
r
o
n
g
ly
a
gr
e
e
)
.
3.
2.
Dat
a
c
ol
l
e
c
t
ion
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
a
qua
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
t
h
e
hy
po
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
d
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
p
s
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
us
e
d
a
n
o
n
-
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
s
a
m
p
li
ng
t
e
c
hni
que
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
ud
i
e
s
i
nc
l
ude
s
S
M
E
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
S
ur
a
b
a
y
a
,
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
.
T
h
e
que
s
t
i
o
nn
a
i
r
e
i
s
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
e
d
to
S
M
E
o
wn
e
r
s
t
h
r
o
ugh
Goo
gl
e
F
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
da
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
c
a
m
e
f
r
o
m
341
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
th
e
i
nc
o
m
i
ng
que
s
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
a
r
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
w
i
t
h
S
m
a
r
tP
L
S
.
3.
3.
Dat
a
an
al
ys
is
To
t
e
s
t
t
h
e
r
e
l
i
a
bil
i
t
y
a
n
d
v
a
li
d
i
t
y
o
f
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
m
o
de
l
s
,
t
h
e
P
L
S
-
S
E
M
i
s
us
e
d
f
o
r
da
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
b
e
c
a
us
e
i
t
i
s
a
w
i
de
ly
us
e
d
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
,
g
i
v
e
n
i
t
s
high
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
ve
v
a
li
d
i
t
y
[
39]
.
Al
s
o
,
t
e
s
t
t
h
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
hy
po
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
d
c
a
us
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
ps
.
M
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
us
i
n
g
a
t
w
o
-
s
t
e
p
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
:
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
a
l
m
o
de
l
s
,
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
[
40]
.
A
de
t
a
i
l
e
d
d
i
s
c
us
s
i
o
n
pr
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
.
4.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
4.
1.
Re
s
p
on
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
f
or
m
at
ion
T
h
e
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
’
s
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
a
pp
e
a
r
s
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1.
T
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
a
r
e
f
e
m
a
le
a
t
64
.
8%
,
whi
l
e
m
a
l
e
a
s
m
uc
h
a
s
35.
2%
.
T
h
e
a
ge
o
f
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
wa
s
do
m
i
na
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
a
g
e
o
f
>
40
y
e
a
r
s
a
t
52.
5%
.
T
h
e
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
r
e
s
po
n
de
n
t
s
wa
s
do
mi
na
t
e
d
by
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
a
s
m
uc
h
a
s
76.
8%
.
W
hil
e
vi
e
we
d
f
r
o
m
b
us
i
ne
s
s
t
y
pe
,
i
s
do
m
i
na
t
e
d
by
F
a
s
hi
o
n
a
n
d
l
if
e
s
t
y
le
a
s
m
uc
h
a
s
35.
2%
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
c
u
l
i
na
r
y
a
s
m
u
c
h
a
s
32.
3%
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
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[
1]
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3]
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.
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2024, d
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i:
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.
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)
,
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ug.
2021,
pp.
31
–
36.
do
i:
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I
C
S
E
C
S
52883.2021.00013.
[
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.
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i:
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.
te
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.2021.121440.
[
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.
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o
.
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12875
–
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e
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20
23,
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i:
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12652
-
022
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5.
[
7]
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tr
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ngi
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in
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nf
or
m
at
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A
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our
nal
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ta
il
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C
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r
Se
r
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ic
e
s
,
vo
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E
.
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.
B
a
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.
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r
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ng,
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oc
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ia
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o
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me
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o
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o
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nt
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e
s
s
&
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nt
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,
A
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r
i,
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n
f
or
ma
ti
o
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nd
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omm
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y
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e
r
e
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i
e
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our
nal
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I
nnov
at
io
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nt
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A
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a
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ia
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o
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e
in
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M
E
:
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nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
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our
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So
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ngi
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e
r
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g
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Sy
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S
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A
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l
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r
c
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o
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us
in
g
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O
E
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r
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me
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k:
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nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n M
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.
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.
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e
te
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o
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S
M
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pe
r
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ma
nc
e
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nd
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ia
,”
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r
obl
e
m
s
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P
e
r
s
pe
c
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s
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S
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s
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,
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e
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tu
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
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nd
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r
f
o
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ma
n
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e
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nd
o
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ia
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s
ma
ll
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nd
me
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nt
e
r
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s
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S
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E
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ia
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o
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e
r
c
e
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li
ti
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s
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n
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ir
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?
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l
e
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o
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s
a
f
f
e
c
ti
ng
th
e
s
uc
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e
s
s
of
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oc
ia
l
c
o
m
me
r
c
e
in
K
uw
a
it
i
m
ic
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i
ne
s
s
e
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
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lo
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I
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m
at
io
n M
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T
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H
a
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,
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h
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v
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a
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o
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r
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nt
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bi
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o
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c
o
mm
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ti
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s
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nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
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g
B
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G
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A
l
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I
n
v
e
s
ti
ga
ti
ng
b
e
ha
v
i
o
r
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te
nt
i
o
n
t
o
w
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r
d
s
-
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
a
d
o
pt
i
o
n
b
y
s
ma
ll
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in
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s
s
e
s
in
S
a
udi
A
r
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bi
a
,”
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nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
-
B
us
in
e
s
s
R
e
s
e
ar
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H
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I
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s
ti
ga
ti
ng
th
e
a
nt
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c
e
d
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nt
s
of
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-
c
o
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r
c
e
s
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ti
s
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a
c
ti
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n
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s
o
c
ia
l
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o
mm
e
r
c
e
c
o
nt
e
x
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h F
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T
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f
f
e
c
t
of
s
o
c
ia
l
c
o
nne
c
t
e
dn
e
s
s
o
n
c
o
ns
um
e
r
a
d
o
pt
i
o
n
of
s
oc
ia
l
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
in
a
ppa
r
e
l
s
ho
ppi
n
g,”
F
as
hi
on and T
e
x
ti
le
s
,
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J
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ns
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e
r
b
e
ha
v
i
o
r
in
s
oc
ia
l
c
o
m
me
r
c
e
:
R
e
s
ul
ts
f
r
o
m
a
m
e
ta
-
a
na
l
y
s
is
,”
T
e
c
hnol
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G
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g
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,
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ns
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e
r
s
‘
de
c
is
i
o
n
-
ma
ki
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
o
n
s
o
c
ia
l
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
pl
a
t
f
o
r
ms
:
o
nl
in
e
tr
us
t
,
pe
r
c
e
i
ve
d
r
is
k
,
a
nd
pur
c
ha
s
e
in
te
nt
i
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F
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S
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R
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v
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d
a
nd
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x
t
e
nde
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s
o
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ia
l
c
o
mm
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r
c
e
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
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d
o
pt
i
o
n
in
e
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bus
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e
s
s
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P
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ki
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ta
n,”
I
nt
e
r
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J
our
nal
on
P
e
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c
e
pt
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C
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ik
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,
“
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li
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ti
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of
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B
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T
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e
w
in
e
in
dus
tr
y
,”
O
r
ga
ni
z
at
io
n
&
E
nv
ir
onm
e
nt
,
vo
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33,
n
o
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3,
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S
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[
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A
.
A
hma
d
T
r
a
w
ni
h,
A
.
S
a
me
d
A
l
-
A
dw
a
n,
A
.
A
ma
y
r
e
h,
T
.
M
a
ja
li
,
a
nd
H
.
M
o
ha
mm
e
d
A
l
-
H
a
tt
a
mi
,
“
I
n
ve
s
ti
ga
ti
ng
th
e
a
do
pt
i
o
n
of
s
o
c
ia
l
c
o
m
me
r
c
e
:
A
c
a
s
e
s
tu
d
y
of
S
M
E
s
in
J
or
da
n,”
I
nt
e
r
di
s
c
ip
li
nar
y
J
our
nal
of
I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n,
K
now
le
dge
,
and
M
anage
m
e
nt
,
vo
l.
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–
058, 2023, d
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i:
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[
28]
S
.
A
.
Q
a
la
ti
,
W
.
L
i,
E
.
G
.
V
e
la
,
A
.
B
ux
,
B
.
B
a
r
b
o
s
a
,
a
nd
A
.
M
.
H
e
r
z
a
ll
a
h,
“
E
f
f
e
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ts
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t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
gi
c
a
l,
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
ti
o
na
l,
a
nd
e
n
v
ir
o
nm
e
nt
a
l
f
a
c
t
or
s
o
n
s
oc
ia
l
m
e
di
a
a
d
o
pt
i
o
n,”
T
he
J
our
nal
of
A
s
ia
n
F
in
anc
e
,
E
c
onomic
s
and
B
us
in
e
s
s
,
vo
l.
7,
n
o
.
10,
pp. 989
–
998, Oc
t.
2020, d
o
i:
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a
f
e
b.202
0.
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.n
o
10.98
9.
[
29]
S
.
A
.
Q
a
la
ti
,
L
.
W
.
Y
ua
n,
M
.
A
.
S
.
K
ha
n,
a
nd
F
.
A
nw
a
r
,
“
A
me
di
a
te
d
m
o
d
e
l
o
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th
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a
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ti
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o
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ia
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me
di
a
a
nd
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M
E
s
’
p
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
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de
ve
l
o
pi
ng
c
o
unt
r
i
e
s
,”
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
i
n Soc
ie
ty
, v
ol
. 64, F
e
b. 2
021, do
i:
10.1016/j
.
te
c
hs
o
c
.2020.101513.
[3
0]
L
.
F
.
L
in
a
a
nd
E
.
S
uw
a
r
ni
,
“
S
oc
ia
l
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
a
d
o
pt
i
o
n
to
e
nha
nc
e
S
M
E
s
pe
r
f
or
ma
n
c
e
:
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
e
n
v
ir
o
nm
e
nt
(
T
O
E
)
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
s
,”
J
ur
nal
A
pl
ik
as
i
B
is
ni
s
dan
M
anaj
e
m
e
n
,
vo
l.
8,
n
o
.
3,
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689
–
696,
S
e
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2
022,
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i:
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a
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[3
1]
B
.
P
ur
w
a
nda
r
i,
B
.
O
tm
e
n,
a
nd
L
.
K
uma
r
a
la
li
ta
,
“
A
do
pt
i
o
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
of
E
-
ma
r
k
e
tp
la
c
e
a
nd
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ns
ta
gr
a
m
f
o
r
mi
c
r
o
,
s
ma
ll
,
a
nd
me
di
um
e
nt
e
r
pr
is
e
s
(
M
S
M
E
s
)
in
I
ndo
n
e
s
ia
,”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
o
f
th
e
201
9
2nd
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
on
f
e
r
e
nc
e
on
D
at
a
S
c
ie
nc
e
and
I
nf
o
r
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
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lo
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, J
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.
C
ha
tt
e
r
j
e
e
a
nd
A
.
K
uma
r
K
a
r
,
“
W
h
y
d
o
s
ma
ll
a
nd
me
di
um
e
nt
e
r
pr
is
e
s
us
e
s
o
c
ia
l
m
e
di
a
ma
r
ke
ti
ng
a
nd
w
ha
t
is
th
e
im
pa
c
t:
E
mpi
r
i
c
a
l
in
s
ig
ht
s
f
r
o
m
I
ndi
a
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
I
nf
o
r
m
at
io
n
M
a
nage
m
e
nt
,
v
o
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A
ug.
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020,
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in
f
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mgt
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[
33]
Z
.
S
h
o
h
e
ib
a
nd
E
.
A
.
A
bu
-
S
ha
na
b,
“
A
da
pt
in
g
th
e
U
T
A
U
T
2
mo
d
e
l
f
or
s
oc
ia
l
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
c
o
nt
e
xt
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
-
B
us
in
e
s
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, v
o
l.
18, n
o
. 1, pp. 1
–
20, J
a
n. 2022, do
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10.
4
018/
I
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E
B
R
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34]
I
.
M
a
r
ia
,
V
.
W
ij
a
y
a
,
a
nd
K
.
K
e
ni
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
in
f
o
r
ma
ti
o
n
q
ua
li
t
y
a
nd
s
e
r
vi
c
e
qua
li
t
y
o
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p
e
r
c
e
i
ve
d
v
a
lu
e
a
nd
it
s
c
o
ns
e
qu
e
n
c
e
s
o
n
c
us
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e
r
e
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g
e
m
e
nt
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i
o
r
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te
nt
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tu
d
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ns
ta
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o
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ia
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o
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r
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e
r
v
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c
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li
t
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e
r
ha
da
p
pe
r
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e
i
ve
d
v
a
lu
e
da
n
ko
n,”
J
ur
nal
M
uar
a
I
lmu
E
k
onomi
dan
B
is
ni
s
,
vo
l.
5,
n
o
.
2,
p.
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A
ug.
2
021,
do
i:
10.24912/j
mi
e
b.
v
5
i2
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35]
Z
.
Z
a
mr
udi
a
nd
T
.
W
ic
a
ks
o
n
o
,
“
S
oc
ia
l
c
o
m
me
r
c
e
a
do
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ti
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S
M
E
’
s
,”
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E
M
A
:
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ur
nal
I
lmi
ah
B
id
ang
A
k
unt
ans
i
dan
M
anaj
e
m
e
n
,
vo
l.
15, n
o
. 2, p. 60, Aug. 2018
, d
o
i:
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e
ma
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v
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36]
V
.
V
e
nka
te
s
h,
J
.
Y
.
L
.
T
h
o
ng,
a
nd
X
.
X
u,
“
C
o
ns
ume
r
a
c
c
e
pt
a
n
c
e
a
nd
us
e
of
in
f
o
r
ma
ti
o
n
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
:
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x
t
e
ndi
ng
th
e
uni
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i
e
d
th
e
o
r
y
of
a
c
c
e
pt
a
n
c
e
a
nd us
e
of
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,”
M
I
S Q
uar
te
r
ly
, vo
l.
36,
no
. 1, pp. 157
–
178, 2012.
[
37]
H
.
H
.
A
ls
hi
bl
y
,
“
C
us
to
me
r
pe
r
c
e
i
ve
d
v
a
lu
e
in
s
o
c
ia
l
c
o
m
me
r
c
e
:
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n
e
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pl
o
r
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ti
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n
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a
nt
e
c
e
d
e
nt
s
a
nd
c
o
ns
e
qu
e
n
c
e
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
M
anage
m
e
nt
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, v
o
l.
7, n
o
. 1, D
e
c
. 2014, d
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i:
10.5296/j
mr
.
v
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[
38]
S
.
M
o
li
ni
ll
o
,
R
.
A
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-
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l
le
s
c
a
s
,
R
.
A
na
y
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-
S
á
n
c
he
z
,
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nd
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. L
ié
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na
-
C
a
ba
ni
ll
a
s
,
“
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o
c
ia
l
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
w
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bs
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e
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ig
n,
pe
r
c
e
i
ve
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lu
e
a
nd
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lt
y
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e
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v
i
or
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t
e
nt
i
o
ns
:
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h
e
m
o
d
e
r
a
ti
ng
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o
l
e
s
of
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e
nd
e
r
,
a
ge
a
nd
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
of
us
e
,”
J
our
nal
of
R
e
ta
il
in
g
and
C
ons
u
m
e
r
Se
r
v
ic
e
s
, v
o
l.
63, N
ov
. 2021, d
o
i:
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e
t
c
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J
.
F
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H
a
ir
,
J
.
J
.
R
is
he
r
,
M
.
S
a
r
s
te
dt
,
a
nd
C
.
M
.
R
in
gl
e
,
“
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he
n
t
o
us
e
a
nd
ho
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t
o
r
e
p
or
t
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
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L
S
-
S
E
M
,”
E
ur
ope
an
B
us
in
e
s
s
R
e
v
ie
w
, vol
. 31, n
o
. 1, pp. 2
–
24, J
a
n. 2019, do
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E
B
R
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2018
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40]
J
.
F
.
H
a
ir
,
G
.
T
.
M
.
H
ul
t,
C
.
M
.
R
in
gl
e
,
a
nd
M
.
S
a
r
s
te
dt
,
A
pr
ime
r
on
pa
r
ti
al
le
a
s
t
s
qua
r
e
s
s
t
r
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tu
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al
e
quat
io
n
m
od
e
li
ng
(
P
L
S
-
SE
M
)
.
S
A
G
E
P
ubl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
, 2022.
[
41]
A
.
B
us
a
li
m,
L
.
D
.
H
o
ll
e
b
e
e
k,
a
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.
L
y
nn,
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he
e
f
f
e
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t
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ia
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o
mm
e
r
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a
tt
r
ib
ut
e
s
o
n
c
us
t
o
m
e
r
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
:
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n
e
mpi
r
ic
a
l
in
ve
s
ti
ga
ti
o
n,”
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
34, n
o
. 7, pp. 187
–
214,
D
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c
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N
T
R
-
03
-
2022
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42]
S
.
Y
a
mi
n,
O
la
h
dat
a
s
ta
ti
s
ti
k
:
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ar
tP
L
S
3
Sm
ar
tP
L
S
4
A
M
O
S
&
ST
A
T
A
,
3r
d
e
d.
B
e
ka
s
i,
J
a
w
a
B
a
r
a
t,
I
ndo
n
e
s
ia
:
P
T
D
e
w
a
ngga
E
ne
r
gi
I
nt
e
r
na
s
i
o
na
l,
2023.
[
43]
S
.
A
be
d,
“
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n
e
mpi
r
i
c
a
l
e
x
a
mi
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o
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ns
ta
gr
a
m
a
s
a
n
s
-
c
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e
r
c
e
c
ha
nne
l,
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our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
s
in
M
anage
m
e
nt
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
vo
l
. 15, n
o
. 2, pp. 146
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a
y
2018, d
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A
M
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05
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2017
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[
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S
. H
a
r
y
on
o
,
SE
M
m
e
th
ods
f
o
r
m
anage
m
e
nt
r
e
s
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ar
c
h:
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M
O
S, L
I
SR
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L
, and
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L
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U
nt
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n A
M
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, 1s
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d.
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e
ka
s
i,
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w
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B
a
r
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t:
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T
.
I
nt
e
r
m
e
di
a
P
e
r
s
ona
li
a
U
ta
ma
, 2016.
[
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J
.
H
e
ns
e
l
e
r
a
nd
M
.
S
a
r
s
te
dt
,
“
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oo
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e
s
s
-
of
-
f
it
in
di
c
e
s
f
or
pa
r
ti
a
l
le
a
s
t
s
qua
r
e
s
pa
th
mo
de
li
ng,”
C
om
put
at
io
nal
St
at
is
ti
c
s
,
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l.
28,
no
. 2, pp. 565
–
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. 2013, d
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i:
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00180
-
012
-
0317
-
1.
B
I
OG
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HI
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OF
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.