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o
ur
c
e
s
,
wi
t
h
us
e
r
s
c
h
a
r
ge
d
ba
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
us
a
ge
a
n
d
t
i
m
e
s
pe
n
t
o
n
c
l
o
ud
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
.
T
o
a
tt
r
a
c
t
us
e
r
s
,
c
l
o
ud
p
r
o
vi
de
r
s
m
us
t
o
f
f
e
r
s
c
h
e
du
l
e
r
s
t
h
a
t
m
i
n
im
i
z
e
u
s
e
r
c
o
s
t
s
by
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
wo
r
kf
l
o
w
s
.
T
hi
s
t
a
s
k
i
s
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
i
ng
due
to
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
to
a
c
c
o
un
t
f
o
r
b
ot
h
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
a
n
d
da
t
a
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
c
o
s
t
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
.
Va
r
i
o
us
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
pa
s
t
,
wi
t
h
m
e
t
a
h
e
ur
i
s
t
i
c
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
e
t
h
o
ds
b
e
i
ng
pa
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
ly
po
pu
l
a
r
due
to
t
h
e
i
r
a
bi
li
t
y
t
o
c
o
n
ve
r
ge
o
n
gl
o
b
a
l
o
pt
i
m
u
m
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
w
hil
e
s
a
t
i
s
f
yi
ng
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
[
3]
-
[
5]
.
I
n
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
f
e
w
de
c
a
de
s
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
us
e
r
s
o
n
t
h
e
c
l
o
ud
pl
a
t
f
o
r
m
h
a
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
r
a
p
i
d
ly
.
Due
to
t
hi
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
,
m
a
ny
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
ge
s
h
a
v
e
e
m
e
r
ge
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
ge
s
i
n
c
l
ude
r
e
l
e
a
s
i
n
g
o
n
-
de
m
a
n
d
de
l
i
ve
r
y
o
f
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
[
6]
,
[
7]
.
C
l
o
ud
s
e
r
v
e
r
s
e
x
e
c
ut
e
mi
ll
i
o
ns
o
f
t
a
s
ks
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
us
ly
,
s
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
i
s
r
e
qu
i
r
e
d.
T
o
e
n
s
ur
e
t
h
e
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
v
a
il
a
bl
e
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
,
j
o
bs
a
r
e
s
c
h
e
du
l
e
d
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
ly
by
t
h
e
j
o
b
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
[
8]
,
[
9]
.
T
h
e
y
f
r
e
que
n
t
l
y
r
e
s
ul
t
i
n
l
o
we
r
o
v
e
r
a
ll
e
x
pe
n
s
e
s
a
n
d
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
s
.
W
o
r
k
f
l
o
w
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
i
s
a
bi
g
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
c
l
o
ud
c
o
m
p
ut
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
a
i
m
s
t
o
e
n
s
ur
e
t
h
e
qua
l
i
t
y
-
of
-
s
e
r
vi
c
e
r
e
qu
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
b
udg
e
t
a
n
d
de
a
d
l
i
ne
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
whil
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
o
f
wo
r
kf
l
o
ws
[
10]
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
do
m
a
i
ns
s
uc
h
a
s
n
a
n
o
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
bi
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
ge
n
o
m
e
e
n
g
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
us
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
e
d
da
t
a
s
e
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
da
t
a
s
e
t
s
a
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
wo
r
kf
l
o
ws
[
11]
.
W
o
r
kf
l
o
w
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
bi
g
i
s
s
ue
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
ly
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
wor
k
n
e
e
d
s
to
pr
o
c
e
s
s
l
a
r
ge
a
m
o
un
t
s
o
f
da
t
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
m
put
a
t
i
o
na
l
c
o
m
p
l
e
xi
t
y
i
s
v
e
r
y
hi
g
h
.
I
n
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
wo
r
kf
l
o
ws
,
c
l
o
ud
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
r
s
m
a
n
a
ge
t
h
e
hi
g
hly
c
o
m
put
a
t
i
o
n
a
ll
y
i
n
t
e
ns
i
ve
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
o
f
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
F
o
r
t
h
a
t,
t
h
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
r
s
us
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
but
e
d
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
f
o
r
e
x
e
c
ut
i
n
g
wo
r
kf
l
o
ws
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
hi
de
i
n
t
e
gr
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
o
r
c
h
e
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
de
t
a
i
l
s
i
nhe
r
e
n
t
l
y
[
12]
.
I
n
t
h
e
pa
s
t,
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
m
e
t
h
o
ds
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
w
or
kf
l
o
w
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
o
n
t
h
e
c
l
o
ud.
Ou
t
o
f
whi
c
h
,
t
h
e
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
m
e
t
a
h
e
ur
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
i
s
v
e
r
y
po
pu
l
a
r
,
a
s
t
h
e
s
e
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
e
s
a
r
e
v
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
in
pr
o
vi
d
i
n
g
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
t
o
n
o
n
de
t
e
r
m
i
ni
s
t
i
c
po
l
yn
o
m
i
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
(
NP
)
-
h
a
r
d
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
g
oo
d
m
e
t
a
h
e
ur
i
s
t
i
c
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
e
t
h
o
d
c
a
n
pr
o
duc
e
a
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
po
l
i
c
y
t
h
a
t
m
a
y
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
[
13]
,
[
14
]
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
r
a
n
do
m
i
z
e
d
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
,
l
i
ke
ge
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
(
GA
)
[
15]
,
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
v
o
l
ut
i
o
n
(
DE
)
[
16]
,
a
n
d
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
PSO
)
[
17]
,
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
us
e
d
i
n
de
s
i
g
ni
ng
a
s
c
h
e
du
l
e
r
.
B
ut
d
ue
to
i
t
s
s
i
m
p
li
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
po
pul
a
r
i
t
y
,
P
S
O
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
us
e
d
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
m
a
ny
wo
r
k
f
l
o
w
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
.
Al
t
h
o
ugh
P
S
O
i
s
s
im
p
l
e
t
o
us
e
,
i
t
h
a
s
t
h
e
l
im
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
o
c
a
l
o
pti
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
n
i
m
pr
o
v
e
d
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
t
hi
s
li
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
r
e
qu
i
r
e
d.
I
n
t
h
e
pr
o
pos
e
d
wo
r
k,
a
v
a
r
i
a
n
t
o
f
P
S
O
na
m
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
n
t
pa
r
t
i
c
le
s
wa
r
m
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
VPS
O)
i
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d.
VPS
O
o
v
e
r
c
om
e
s
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
l
o
p
t
i
m
a
pr
o
bl
e
m
a
n
d
pr
o
vi
de
s
a
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
t
e
c
h
ni
que
[
18]
.
VPS
O
wi
ll
b
e
us
e
d
t
o
de
s
i
g
n
a
s
c
h
e
du
li
ng
po
l
i
c
y
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
m
i
n
im
i
z
e
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
c
o
s
t
o
f
wo
r
kf
l
o
w.
E
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
c
o
s
t
s
a
r
e
a
dde
d
up
to
c
r
e
a
t
e
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
c
o
s
t.
A
t
a
s
k's
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
c
o
s
t
i
s
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
o
r
e
x
pe
ns
e
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
r
unni
ng
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
n
a
ny
s
e
r
v
e
r
[
19]
.
C
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
n
/t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
c
o
s
t
i
s
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
da
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
wo
s
e
r
v
e
r
s
.
VPS
O
m
i
n
i
mi
z
e
s
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
t
wo
c
o
s
t
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
t
h
a
t
a
l
l
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
o
r
s
e
r
v
e
r
s
a
r
e
ut
i
li
z
e
d
[
20]
.
-
P
r
o
bl
e
m
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
:
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
wo
r
kf
l
o
w
s
c
h
e
du
li
n
g
i
n
c
l
o
ud
c
o
m
put
i
n
g
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
m
i
n
im
i
z
i
ng
c
o
s
t
s
whil
e
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
ni
ng
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
Us
e
r
s
r
e
qu
i
r
e
l
o
w
-
c
o
s
t
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
a
c
c
o
un
t
f
o
r
b
ot
h
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
a
n
d
da
t
a
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[
30]
.
3.
WORK
F
L
OW
S
CHE
DU
L
I
NG
P
ROB
L
E
M
F
ORM
UL
AT
I
ON
A
s
e
t
o
f
t
a
s
ks
T
h
a
s
b
e
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n
t
a
ke
n
T
=
{1
,
2,
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,
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,
a
s
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t
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vi
r
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ua
l
m
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c
hi
ne
s
(
)
=
{1
,
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,
.
.
.
,
j}
,
a
n
d
a
s
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t
o
f
s
to
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ge
uni
t
s
i
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,
S
=
{1,
2,
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.
.
.
,
k
}
.
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v
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o
m
put
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t
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t
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m
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a
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k
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s
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put
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g
uni
t
f
o
r
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t
a
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k
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wn
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n
put
s
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z
e
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s
o
,
t
h
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uni
t
da
t
a
a
c
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s
c
o
s
t
i
s
a
s
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m
e
d
a
s
,
.
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r
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,
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pr
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s
e
n
t
s
t
h
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c
o
s
t
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s
a
l
r
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a
d
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f
r
o
m
to
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n
d
,
=
,
f
o
r
a
l
l
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j
∈
N
,
wh
e
r
e
N
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
n
o
de
s
.
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a
n
dw
i
dt
h
be
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we
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n
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
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s
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ng
u
ni
t
s
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
s
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o
m
m
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ni
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a
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o
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o
s
t
.
T
h
e
s
u
bs
c
r
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pt
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o
n
c
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
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r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
i
s
de
c
i
d
e
d
by
t
he
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
r
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Al
s
o
,
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
s
t
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
i
n
g
da
t
a
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
h
e
VM
s
ha
s
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e
e
n
c
h
a
r
ge
d
o
n
a
pe
r
-
s
e
c
o
n
d
b
a
s
i
s
.
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r
e
,
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h
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o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
s
t
o
m
i
n
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z
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t
h
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tot
a
l
c
o
s
t
o
f
c
o
m
put
a
t
i
o
n
by
a
s
s
i
g
ni
n
g
t
h
e
wo
r
kf
l
o
w
t
a
s
k
i
n
a
n
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
w
a
y
a
s
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
a
)
s
how
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h
e
w
or
kf
l
ow
m
ode
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wi
t
h
f
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s
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n
d
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a
c
h
n
o
d
e
r
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n
t
s
a
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i
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d
i
vi
dua
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t
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k
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c
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tr
uc
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hi
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F
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r
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r
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VM
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oot
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n
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t
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,
a
n
d
5
i
s
t
h
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l
a
s
t
ta
s
k
t
h
a
t
gi
v
e
s
t
h
e
ou
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u
t
f
i
l
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.
F
or
e
x
a
m
p
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e
,
1
p
r
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a
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p
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i
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g
12
(
1
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12
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,
th
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s
a
m
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c
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t
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1
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13
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,
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1
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14
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,
(
2
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24
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4
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3
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35
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5
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,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
(
a
)
(
b
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F
i
gur
e
1.
A
wor
kf
l
o
w
m
o
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l
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x
a
m
p
l
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w
i
t
h
VM
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n
d
s
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o
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or
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w
m
ode
l
wi
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d
(
b
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w
or
kf
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4.
WORK
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Inpu
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{
1
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2
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…
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,
}
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{
1
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2
…
.
}
Output:
g
best
Initialize
Population:
number
of
particle
s
equals
to
number
of
tasks(n),
maxIter
(
maximum
number of iterations
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te
(
)
using eq. (4)
If
(
)
for iter <
(
)
for iter
-
1
Update pbest
gbest = min(pbest)
Update particle position and velocity using eqn. (8) and (9)
If stopping criteria is met
output gbe
st
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iter = iter+1
T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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2
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best
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While(T)
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and
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=
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→
End
5.
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1]
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.
K
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c
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20
14.
do
i:
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1779.
[
2]
M
.
X
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o
. 1, J
ul
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i:
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15i
1.8073.
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:
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.j
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.2013.10.004.
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.
18,
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. 2019, d
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i:
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N
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, 202
3, pp. 537
–
546. do
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981
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,
2023,
pp. 53
–
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i:
10.1002/978111978
5491.
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h3.
[
9]
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.
K
.
C
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N
C
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N
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,
I
E
E
E
,
A
ug.
2023,
pp.
1
–
5.
do
i:
10.1109/AS
I
A
N
C
O
N
58793.2023.10270203.
[
10]
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.
M
e
e
na
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M
.
K
uma
r
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a
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.
V
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r
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n,
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E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
, v
o
l.
4, pp. 5065
–
5082, 2016, d
o
i:
10.
1109/AC
C
E
S
S
.2016.2593903.
[
11]
J
.
T
.
T
s
a
i,
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.
C
.
F
a
ng,
a
nd J
.
H
.
C
ho
u,
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pt
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iz
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ta
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s
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he
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r
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e
s
e
ar
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h
,
v
o
l.
40,
n
o
.
12,
pp.
3045
–
3055,
D
e
c
.
2013,
do
i:
10.1016/j
.
c
or
.2013.06.012.
[
12]
S
.
C
hi
tr
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,
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.
M
a
dhus
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a
n,
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.
R
.
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n, a
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.
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na
n,
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oc
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mi
ni
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mp
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le
c
tr
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ngi
ne
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g
,
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l.
279
L
N
E
E
,
2014,
pp.
1225
–
12
34.
do
i:
10.1007/978
-
3
-
642
-
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-
3_170.
[
13]
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.
K
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M
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. 12s
, pp. 612
–
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[
14]
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.
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nd
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.
B
r
a
ndi
c
,
“
C
lo
ud
c
o
mpu
ti
ng
a
nd
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
I
T
p
la
t
f
o
r
ms
:
v
is
i
o
n,
h
y
pe
,
a
nd
r
e
a
li
t
y
f
or
de
li
v
e
r
in
g
c
o
mput
in
g
a
s
th
e
5t
h
u
ti
li
t
y
,”
F
ut
ur
e
G
e
ne
r
at
io
n
C
om
put
e
r
Sy
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te
m
s
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.
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H
.
C
he
ng,
“
A
hi
gh
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
t
ta
s
k
s
c
he
dul
in
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
ba
s
e
d
on
he
te
r
o
ge
n
e
o
us
mul
ti
-
c
o
r
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
or
,”
in
2010
2nd
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
W
or
k
s
hop
on
D
at
abas
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
,
D
B
T
A
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r
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e
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I
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E
E
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V
.
N
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r
a
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S
.
S
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i
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s
ta
v
a
,
P
.
K
.
M
a
ll
,
V
.
K
uma
r
,
a
nd
S
.
A
w
a
s
th
i,
A
th
e
or
e
ti
c
al
anal
y
s
is
o
f
s
impl
e
r
e
tr
i
e
v
al
e
ngi
ne
.
B
o
c
a
R
a
t
o
n:
C
R
C
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e
s
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A
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ba
id
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mm
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r
,
S
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a
ja
s
e
ka
r
a
n, a
n
d
T
. F
e
r
ga
n
y
, “
T
a
s
k
c
l
us
te
r
in
g &
s
c
h
e
dul
in
g w
it
h
dupli
c
a
ti
o
n us
in
g
r
e
c
ur
s
i
ve
c
r
it
ic
a
l
pa
th
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
(
R
C
P
A
)
,”
in
2010
I
E
E
E
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
Sy
m
pos
iu
m
on
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g
and
I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
hnol
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A
.
G
upt
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t
al
.
,
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M
L
-
C
P
C
:
a
pa
th
w
a
y
f
or
ma
c
hi
n
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
ba
s
e
d
c
a
mpus
pl
a
c
e
m
e
nt
c
la
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
J
our
nal
o
f
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
Sy
s
te
m
s
, v
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l.
20, n
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. 3s
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[
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G
.
J
a
is
w
a
l,
A
.
U
tt
a
m,
D
.
D
.
D
ube
y
,
a
n
d
P
.
K
.
M
a
ll
,
“
R
e
s
ume
a
na
l
y
s
e
r
a
nd
jo
b
r
e
c
o
mm
e
nda
ti
o
ns
y
s
t
e
m
ba
s
e
d
o
n
N
L
P
,”
in
2024
2nd
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
D
is
r
upt
iv
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
I
C
D
T
2024
,
I
E
E
E
,
M
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r
.
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[
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X
.
L
iu
a
nd
J
.
L
iu
,
“
A
ta
s
k
s
c
he
dul
in
g
ba
s
e
d
o
n
s
im
ul
a
te
d
a
nne
a
li
ng
a
lg
o
r
it
hm
in
c
l
o
ud
c
o
mput
in
g
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
o
f
H
y
br
id
I
nf
o
r
m
at
io
n T
e
c
hnol
ogy
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o
l.
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o
. 6, pp. 403
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S
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A
bdi
,
S
.
A
.
M
o
ta
me
di
,
a
nd
S
.
S
ha
r
i
f
ia
n,
“
T
a
s
k
s
c
h
e
d
ul
in
g
u
s
in
g
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di
f
i
e
d
P
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o
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it
h
m
in
c
l
o
ud
c
o
mput
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g
e
n
v
ir
o
nm
e
nt
,
”
in
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
on
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
on
M
ac
hi
ne
L
e
a
r
ni
ng,
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
and
M
e
c
hani
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
(
I
C
M
L
E
M
E
’
2014
)
J
an.
8
-
9,
2014 Dubai (
U
A
E
)
,
I
nt
e
r
na
ti
o
na
l
I
ns
ti
tu
t
e
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
s
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P
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P
.
A
dhi
ka
r
i,
P
.
K
.
M
a
ll
,
A
.
M
i
s
hr
a
,
a
nd
S
.
S
r
iv
a
s
ta
v
a
,
“
K
D
S
R
:
h
y
br
id
ma
c
hi
n
e
-
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
in
tr
us
i
o
n
de
t
e
c
ti
o
n
in
f
o
g
c
o
mput
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
me
nt
,”
in
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
in
N
e
tw
or
k
s
and
Sy
s
te
m
s
,
vo
l.
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N
N
S
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Z
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C
he
nho
ng,
Z
.
S
ha
ns
ha
n,
L
.
Q
in
g
f
e
ng,
X
.
J
ia
n,
a
nd
H
.
J
ic
he
ng,
“
I
nde
p
e
nd
e
nt
ta
s
ks
s
c
he
dul
in
g
ba
s
e
d
o
n
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
in
c
l
o
ud
c
o
mput
in
g,”
in
2009
5t
h
in
te
r
nat
io
nal
c
onf
e
r
e
n
c
e
on
w
i
r
e
le
s
s
c
om
m
uni
c
at
io
ns
,
ne
tw
or
k
in
g
and
m
obi
le
c
om
put
in
g
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I
E
E
E
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S
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M
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F
a
iz
,
N
.
F
a
ti
ma
,
a
nd
R
.
S
a
ndhu,
“
A
v
a
c
c
in
e
s
lo
t
tr
a
c
ke
r
m
o
d
e
l
us
in
g
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
gi
c
f
or
pr
ov
id
in
g
qua
li
t
y
of
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
,”
in
M
ul
ti
m
odal
B
io
m
e
tr
ic
and
M
ac
hi
ne
L
e
ar
ni
ng
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
:
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
f
o
r
C
o
m
put
e
r
V
is
io
n
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W
il
e
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H
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A
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P
e
r
li
n,
H
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S
.
L
o
pe
s
,
a
nd
T
.
M
.
C
e
nt
e
n
o
,
“
P
a
r
ti
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
o
bj
e
c
t
r
e
c
o
gni
ti
o
n
in
c
o
mpu
te
r
v
is
i
o
n,”
in
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
i
n
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
(
in
c
lu
di
ng
s
ubs
e
r
ie
s
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
in
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
and
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
in
B
io
in
f
or
m
at
i
c
s
)
,
vo
l.
5027
L
N
A
I
, B
e
r
li
n,
H
e
id
e
lb
e
r
g:
S
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g
e
r
B
e
r
li
n
H
e
id
e
lb
e
r
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S
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T
iwa
r
i,
K
.
K
.
M
is
hr
a
,
a
nd
A
.
K
.
M
is
r
a
,
“
T
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
on
f
or
m
o
di
f
ie
d
c
o
d
e
us
in
g
a
v
a
r
ia
nt
of
pa
r
t
ic
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
(
P
S
O
)
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m,”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
th
e
2013
10t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
:
N
e
w
G
e
ne
r
at
io
ns
,
I
T
N
G
2013
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E
E
E
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J
.
A
gr
a
w
a
l
a
nd
S
.
A
gr
a
w
a
l,
“
A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
ti
o
n
ba
s
e
d
pa
r
ti
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
pt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
(
A
P
S
O
)
f
or
R
N
A
S
e
c
o
nda
r
y
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
pr
e
d
i
c
ti
o
n,”
in
A
dv
anc
e
s
i
n I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
Sy
s
te
m
s
and
C
om
put
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g
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l.
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015, pp. 741
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i:
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3
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[
28]
K
.
K
.
M
is
hr
a
,
A
.
T
r
ip
a
th
i,
S
.
T
iwa
r
i,
a
nd
N
.
S
a
xe
na
,
“
E
vol
ut
io
n
ba
s
e
d
m
e
m
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
r
it
hm
a
nd
i
ts
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
n
in
s
of
twa
r
e
c
o
s
t
e
s
ti
ma
ti
o
n,”
J
our
nal
of
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
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uz
z
y
Sy
s
te
m
s
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E
.
D
e
e
lm
a
n
e
t
al
.
,
“
P
e
ga
s
us
,
a
w
o
r
k
f
l
o
w
ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
ut
o
ma
ti
o
n,”
F
ut
ur
e
G
e
ne
r
at
io
n
C
om
put
e
r
Sy
s
te
m
s
,
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N
.
F
ur
m
e
nt
o
,
W
.
L
e
e
,
A
.
M
a
y
e
r
,
S
.
N
e
w
h
o
us
e
,
a
nd
J
.
D
a
r
li
n
gt
o
n,
“
I
C
E
N
I
:
a
n
o
p
e
n
g
r
id
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
tu
r
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
w
it
h
J
in
i,
”
i
n
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
on
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
on Supe
r
c
om
put
in
g
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E
E
E
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I
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T
a
y
l
o
r
,
I
.
W
a
ng, M
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hi
e
ld
s
, a
nd S
.
M
a
ji
th
ia
, “
D
is
tr
ib
ut
e
d
c
omput
in
g w
it
h
T
r
ia
na
o
n
t
he
G
r
id
,”
C
onc
ur
r
e
nc
y
and C
om
put
at
io
n:
P
r
ac
ti
c
e
and E
x
pe
r
ie
nc
e
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J
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C
a
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S
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A
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J
a
r
v
is
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S
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S
a
in
i,
a
nd
G
.
R
.
N
udd,
“
G
r
id
F
l
o
w
:
w
o
r
kf
l
o
w
ma
na
g
e
m
e
nt
f
o
r
gr
id
c
o
mput
in
g,”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
-
C
C
G
r
id
2003:
3r
d
I
E
E
E
/A
C
M
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
Sy
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