T
E
L
K
O
M
NIKA
T
elec
o
mm
un
ica
t
io
n Co
m
pu
t
i
ng
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
306
~
315
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
.
v
2
3
i
2
.
26562
306
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//telko
mn
ika
.
u
a
d
.
a
c.
i
d
G
ra
phene
-
ba
sed
TH
z
ant
enna
w
ith
a
w
ide band
w
id
th
for
fut
ure
6
G
sho
rt
-
ra
ng
e c
o
m
m
unica
tion
M
d.
K
a
w
s
a
r
Ah
m
e
d
1
,
M
d.
S
ha
rif
Aha
mm
ed
1
,
M
d.
Ash
ra
f
ul H
a
qu
e
1
,
Na
rinderj
it
Sin
g
h Sa
w
a
ra
n
Sin
g
h
2
,
J
a
m
a
l H
o
s
s
a
i
n Nir
o
b
1
,
Redw
a
n A
.
Ana
nta
1
,
K
a
m
a
l
H
o
s
s
a
in Na
hin
1
,
L
it
o
n Ch
a
nd
ra
P
a
ul
3
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
D
a
f
f
o
d
i
l
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
D
h
a
k
a
,
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
s
h
2
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
D
a
t
a
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
N
TI
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
N
i
l
a
i
,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
,
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
P
a
b
n
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
P
a
b
n
a
,
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
sh
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
7
,
2024
R
ev
i
s
ed
Dec
2
8
,
2
0
2
4
A
cc
ep
ted
J
an
2
3
,
2
0
2
5
In
th
is
st
u
d
y
,
we
p
re
se
n
t
th
e
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
tera
h
e
rtz
(T
Hz
)
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
ten
n
a
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
f
o
r
th
e
2
-
1
0
T
Hz
ra
n
g
e
,
f
e
a
tu
rin
g
b
o
th
sin
g
le
-
e
le
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
lt
i
p
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(M
I
M
O)
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s,
w
it
h
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
in
d
u
strial
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
f
u
tu
re
6
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
,
c
o
n
str
u
c
ted
o
n
a
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
su
b
stra
te
w
it
h
d
im
e
n
sio
n
s
o
f
9
0
×
3
0
µm
,
a
c
h
iev
e
s
a
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
f
ro
m
4
.
0
3
2
8
t
o
1
0
T
Hz
.
T
h
e
M
IM
O
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
,
w
h
ich
in
c
lu
d
e
s
tw
o
p
o
rts,
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
s
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
i
so
latio
n
w
it
h
a
v
a
lu
e
o
f
-
2
7
d
B.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
sy
ste
m
a
c
h
iev
e
s
a
g
a
in
o
f
1
2
.
3
8
d
B
a
n
d
a
n
e
f
f
i
c
ien
c
y
o
f
8
9
%
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
h
ig
h
ly
a
p
p
ro
p
riate
f
o
r
T
Hz
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
e
n
v
e
lo
p
e
c
o
rre
latio
n
c
o
e
f
f
icie
n
t
(ECC)
o
f
0
.
0
0
2
a
n
d
d
iv
e
rsi
ty
g
a
in
(D
G
)
o
f
9
.
9
9
a
ff
ir
m
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
’
s
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
in
M
IM
O
sy
ste
m
s.
A
re
sista
n
c
e
in
d
u
c
tan
c
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
(
R
L
C
)
c
ircu
it
m
o
d
e
l
w
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
a
c
c
u
ra
tel
y
re
p
re
se
n
t
th
e
S
1
1
c
u
rv
e
,
e
n
s
u
rin
g
p
re
c
ise
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
’
s
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
se
re
su
lt
s
u
n
d
e
rsc
o
re
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
,
s
h
o
rt
-
ra
n
g
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Gr
ap
h
en
e
Hig
h
b
an
d
w
id
th
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
Mu
ltip
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
an
ten
n
a
R
esi
s
tan
ce
i
n
d
u
c
tan
ce
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Nar
in
d
er
j
it Sin
g
h
Sa
w
ar
a
n
Si
n
g
h
Facu
lt
y
o
f
Data
Scien
ce
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
I
NT
I
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
P
er
s
iar
an
P
er
d
an
a
B
B
N,
P
u
tr
a
Nilai,
Nilai
7
1
8
0
0
,
Neg
er
i Sem
b
ilan
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
E
m
ail:
n
ar
in
d
er
j
its
.
s
a
w
ar
an
@
n
e
w
i
n
ti.e
d
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
h
a
s
s
p
u
r
r
ed
th
e
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
n
o
v
el
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
h
u
g
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
s
[
1
]
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese,
th
e
ter
ah
er
tz
(
T
Hz)
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e,
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
to
1
0
T
Hz,
h
as
g
ar
n
er
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
ter
est
d
u
e
to
it
s
p
o
ten
tial
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
u
ltra
-
f
a
s
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
-
ca
p
ac
it
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
]
.
Un
li
k
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
icr
o
w
av
e
a
n
d
m
illi
m
eter
-
w
a
v
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
,
th
e
T
Hz
b
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
an
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
th
a
t
ca
n
f
ac
ili
tate
d
ata
r
ates
ex
ce
ed
in
g
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
g
ig
ab
it
s
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
(
Gb
p
s
)
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
m
ak
e
s
it
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
u
ltra
-
h
i
g
h
-
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
v
id
eo
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
,
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
w
ir
eles
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
n
e
x
t
-
g
e
n
er
atio
n
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
[
4
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
d
esig
n
i
n
g
an
ten
n
as
th
at
o
p
er
ate
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
l
y
a
t
T
Hz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
p
o
s
es
s
ev
er
al
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
h
i
g
h
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
lo
s
s
es,
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
an
d
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
i
s
v
ita
l,
as
it
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
’
s
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
e
m
p
lo
y
a
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
d
u
e
to
its
f
av
o
r
ab
le
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
l
o
w
-
lo
s
s
tan
g
e
n
t,
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
it a
n
id
ea
l c
an
d
id
ate
f
o
r
T
Hz
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Gra
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
THz
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
fo
r
fu
t
u
r
e
6
G
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
a
n
g
e
…
(
Md
.
K
a
w
s
a
r
A
h
med
)
307
M
u
ltip
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
l
tip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
e
co
m
e
a
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
in
m
o
d
er
n
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
c
h
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
8
]
.
B
y
d
ep
lo
y
i
n
g
m
u
lt
ip
le
an
ten
n
as
at
to
g
et
h
er
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
,
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
ac
tiv
it
y
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
an
d
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
g
ai
n
s
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
esp
ec
iall
y
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
in
th
e
T
Hz
d
o
m
ain
,
w
h
er
e
it
ca
n
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
h
i
g
h
p
at
h
lo
s
s
an
d
li
m
i
te
d
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
T
Hz
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
9
]
.
O
u
r
r
esear
ch
atten
tio
n
is
o
n
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
an
d
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
a
T
Hz
an
te
n
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
MI
MO
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
ai
m
i
n
g
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
i
g
h
g
ai
n
,
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
an
d
lo
w
m
u
t
u
al
co
u
p
lin
g
b
et
w
ee
n
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
A
k
e
y
asp
ec
t
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
is
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
m
o
d
el
i
n
g
o
f
it
s
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
s
,
t
y
p
icall
y
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
S1
1
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
e
m
p
lo
y
a
r
esis
ta
n
ce
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
ca
p
ac
i
tan
ce
(
R
L
C
)
cir
c
u
it
m
o
d
el
to
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
e
S1
1
cu
r
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
a
n
ten
n
a,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
d
etailed
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
its
r
eso
n
an
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
a
n
d
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
R
L
C
m
o
d
el
h
elp
s
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
to
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
d
es
ig
n
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
in
v
e
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f
a
T
Hz
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
,
co
v
er
in
g
b
o
th
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
b
an
d
w
id
th
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
4
.
0
3
2
8
-
1
0
T
Hz,
w
h
ic
h
is
b
etter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
4
]
,
w
h
i
ch
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
,
a
g
ain
o
f
1
2
.
3
8
d
B
b
etter
th
en
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
an
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
8
9
%
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
,
w
ith
t
w
o
p
o
r
ts
,
ac
h
iev
e
s
ex
ce
llen
t
i
s
o
latio
n
o
f
-
2
7
d
B
,
an
en
v
elo
p
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
(
E
C
C
)
o
f
0
.
0
0
2
,
an
d
a
d
iv
er
s
it
y
g
ain
(
DG)
o
f
9
.
9
9
,
in
d
ica
tin
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
MI
MO
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e.
T
h
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
’
s
p
o
ten
tial f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
,
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
al
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
ele
m
ent
des
ig
n
I
n
o
u
r
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
e
s
tar
t
with
a
cir
cu
lar
p
atch
s
h
ap
e,
ch
an
g
i
n
g
it
s
s
h
ap
e
i
n
s
e
v
er
al
s
tep
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
W
e
u
s
e
g
r
ap
h
en
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
atch
m
ater
ia
l,
a
cir
cu
lar
p
atch
s
h
ap
e
w
it
h
r
ad
iu
s
‘
r
’
,
p
lace
d
o
n
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
a
n
d
co
p
p
e
r
as
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
m
ater
ial.
B
o
th
p
atc
h
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
h
a
v
e
a
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
0
.
7
5
m
icr
o
m
e
ter
s
an
d
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
3
0
m
icr
o
m
eter
s
in
len
g
t
h
a
n
d
2
5
m
icr
o
m
eter
s
in
w
id
t
h
[
1
5
]
.
A
cir
cu
lar
s
lo
t
is
i
n
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
t
w
o
s
q
u
ar
e
s
lo
ts
ar
e
o
n
eit
h
er
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
lin
e,
f
la
n
k
ed
b
y
t
w
o
i
n
s
et
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
e
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
(
3
0
b
y
2
5
m
icr
o
m
eter
s
)
w
it
h
a
ce
n
tr
al
cir
cu
lar
s
t
r
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
r
ad
iu
s
‘
r
’
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
also
an
i
n
s
et
g
r
o
u
n
d
alo
n
g
t
h
e
f
ee
d
li
n
e.
T
h
es
e
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
s
a
n
d
o
u
r
tar
g
et
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
g
ai
n
,
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
.
W
e
th
en
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
C
ST
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
,
an
d
g
ain
,
g
ain
in
g
in
s
i
g
h
t i
n
to
its
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
2
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
re
s
ult
o
f
t
he
s
ing
le
ele
m
ent
by
us
ing
g
ra
ph
ene
a
nd
co
pp
er
First,
w
e
atte
m
p
ted
to
d
esig
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
an
te
n
n
a,
u
s
i
n
g
co
p
p
er
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
p
atch
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
e
d
esi
g
n
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e.
I
n
th
e
th
ir
d
s
ta
g
e
w
e
u
s
e
co
p
p
er
w
e
u
s
e
p
atc
h
m
ater
ials
g
r
ap
h
en
e
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
m
ater
ial
s
,
co
p
p
er
.
A
t
th
i
s
s
t
ag
e,
w
e
tr
ied
to
f
in
d
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lt
s
in
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
an
d
co
p
p
e
r
c
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
[
1
7
]
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
d
esig
n
ch
an
g
e
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
f
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
w
e
g
et
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
-
38
d
B
an
d
-
4
4
d
B
.
I
n
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
s
t
ag
e
,
w
e
g
et
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
i
es
5
.
6
6
a
n
d
7
.
9
4
r
e
t
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
-
6
6
.
4
8
a
nd
-
7
5
.
2
5
d
B
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
c
)
,
t
h
is
is
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
p
e
d
s
in
g
l
e
-
e
lem
en
t
an
t
en
n
a
r
e
s
u
lt
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
n
g
r
a
p
h
ic
a
l
ly
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
.
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
w
id
th
(
s
w
)
=
2
5
m
i
c
r
o
m
et
e
r
,
s
u
b
s
t
r
at
e
th
i
ck
n
es
s
(
s
t
)
=
3
m
ic
r
o
m
e
te
r
r
a
d
i
o
s
(
r
)
=
1
0
m
ic
r
o
m
e
te
r
s
l
o
t
1
(
s
1
1
)
=
2
m
i
c
r
o
m
et
e
r
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
id
t
h
R
e
f
R
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
(
T
H
z
)
BW
(
T
H
z
)
I
so
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
d
B
)
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
)
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%
)
E
C
C
(
d
B
)
DG
(
d
B
)
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
B
o
a
r
d
s
i
z
e
(
μ
m
2
)
M
I
M
O
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
1
0
]
1
.
8
9
1
.
5
9
-
25
4
.
6
0
7
4
.
5
1
5
.
6
×
10
-
10
≈
1
0
S
i
O
2
3
8
×
2
5
-
[
1
1
]
-
0
.
1
1
4
-
17
4
.
4
94
0
.
0
0
6
9
.
9
7
R
o
g
e
r
s
R
O
4
8
3
5
-
T
2
0
0
0
×
1
000
2
×
2
[
1
2
]
1
0
.
5
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
S
i
l
i
c
o
n
d
i
o
x
i
d
e
-
-
[
1
3
]
2
.
3
,
3
.
2
,
4
.
5
0
.
0
3
8
,
0.
0
4
3
,
0
.
0
6
-
17,
-
3
0
,
-
23
5
60
0
.
2
9
.
9
9
P
o
l
y
i
m
i
d
e
5
0
×
4
0
[
1
4
]
2
.
8
1
.
5
-
-
-
-
-
R
T
/
d
u
r
i
o
d
6
010
-
-
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
8
.
0
9
6
(
4
.
0
3
2
8
-
10)
-
2
7
.
6
2
1
2
.
3
8
-
8
9
.
0
9
.
9
9
P
o
l
y
i
m
i
d
e
90
×
30
2
×
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
5
:
3
0
6
-
315
308
(
b
w
)
=2
5
m
icr
o
m
eter
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
l
en
g
t
h
(
b
l)
=3
0
m
icr
o
m
e
ter
,
p
atch
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
(
t)
=0
.
7
5
m
icr
o
m
e
ter
,
f
ee
d
lin
e
w
id
t
h
(
f
w
)
=3
m
icr
o
m
eter
f
ee
d
lin
e
l
en
g
t
h
(
f
l)
=6
m
icr
o
m
eter
,
e
dge
-
to
-
ed
g
e
g
ap
1
(
d
)
=
3
.
5
m
icr
o
m
eter
,
e
d
g
e
-
to
-
ed
g
e
g
ap
2
(
d
2
)
=
4
m
icr
o
m
e
te
r
,
in
s
et
len
g
t
h
(
x
)
=0
.
5
m
icr
o
m
e
ter
,
an
d
i
n
s
e
t
w
id
th
(
y
)
=4
m
icr
o
m
et
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fro
n
t a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
v
ie
w
s
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
a
n
d
r
esu
l
t o
f
s
i
n
g
le
ele
m
en
t
;
(
a)
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
(
b
)
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
(
c)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
m
e
n
t e
le
m
e
n
t a
n
te
n
n
a
,
a
n
d
(
d
)
g
r
ap
h
ics
2
.
3
.
Sin
g
le
ele
m
ent
v
s
m
u
lt
ipl
e
-
inp
ut
m
u
lt
ipl
e
-
o
utp
ut
I
n
o
u
r
cu
r
r
en
t e
n
d
ea
v
o
r
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
g
lo
b
al
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
o
u
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
i
s
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
ad
v
an
ci
n
g
a
n
ten
n
a
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
f
o
r
th
co
m
i
n
g
6
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
w
ill
tr
y
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
an
te
n
n
a
an
d
MI
MO
.
I
n
itiall
y
,
a
s
h
i
f
t
f
r
o
m
s
i
n
g
le
-
el
e
m
en
t
an
te
n
n
a
s
to
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
m
ar
k
e
d
a
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
is
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
is
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
b
y
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
i
t
o
f
en
h
an
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
w
it
h
i
n
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
co
g
n
iti
v
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
c
h
as
A
I
ar
e
lev
er
ag
ed
to
en
ab
le
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
,
lo
w
-
late
n
c
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
o
p
er
atin
g
at
ex
is
t
in
g
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
s
p
ee
d
s
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
l
y
s
u
r
p
ass
i
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
f
if
th
-
g
en
er
atio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
an
ten
n
as
to
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
allo
w
s
u
s
to
h
ar
n
es
s
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
,
m
u
ltip
le
x
i
n
g
g
ai
n
,
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
ese
attr
ib
u
te
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
m
ee
ti
n
g
t
h
e
es
ca
latin
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
er
d
ata
r
ates,
r
ed
u
ce
d
laten
c
y
,
an
d
ex
p
an
d
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
p
ac
it
y
i
n
6
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fro
m
o
u
r
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t
a
n
te
n
n
a
to
MI
MO
,
o
u
r
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
m
o
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
i
s
w
id
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Gra
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
THz
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
fo
r
fu
t
u
r
e
6
G
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
a
n
g
e
…
(
Md
.
K
a
w
s
a
r
A
h
med
)
309
2
.
4
.
M
ultiple
-
inpu
t
m
ultiple
-
o
utput
a
nte
nn
a
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
w
ill
ex
p
lai
n
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
a
MI
MO
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
A
t
th
i
s
s
tag
e,
it
is
d
ec
id
ed
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
to
a
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
,
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
f
ac
i
litati
n
g
m
u
ltip
at
h
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
ex
te
n
s
iv
e,
m
o
r
e
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lt
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
d
e
tails
th
e
d
etails
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
s
t
r
ip
MI
MO
p
atch
an
ten
n
a.
I
n
o
u
r
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
w
e
e
x
p
l
ain
h
o
w
to
b
u
ild
a
2
-
p
o
r
t
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
an
te
n
n
a
as
a
b
asic
elem
e
n
t,
w
it
h
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
,
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
m
iti
g
atio
n
,
p
o
w
er
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t,
m
u
lt
ip
ath
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
,
an
d
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
ep
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
e
ig
h
t
to
d
o
[
2
0
]
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
T
h
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ad
v
an
ce
i
s
m
o
tiv
a
ted
b
y
th
e
n
ee
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
o
r
ien
tat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
en
t
s
,
th
u
s
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
t
h
e
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
lev
el
o
f
is
o
latio
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
o
r
ea
lize
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
MI
MO
an
t
en
n
a
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
,
w
e
i
n
itiall
y
u
s
ed
t
w
o
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t
an
te
n
n
as.
T
h
e
b
asic
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
an
ten
n
a
is
la
id
o
u
t
lik
e
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t
an
te
n
n
a.
Nex
t,
w
e
u
s
e
d
ec
o
u
p
li
n
g
i
n
MI
MO
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
.
A
t
t
h
i
s
s
ta
g
e,
t
h
e
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
l
en
g
t
h
a
n
d
w
id
th
w
er
e
ch
a
n
g
e
d
to
3
0
m
icr
o
m
eter
s
a
n
d
4
0
m
icr
o
m
e
ter
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
ar
ea
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
s
all
co
p
p
e
r
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
to
a
MI
MO
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
h
iev
e
s
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lts
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
a
n
ten
n
a
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
MI
MO
an
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
te
n
n
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
ANAL
YSI
S O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
I
M
O
ANTE
N
NA
3
.
1
.
Ref
lec
t
io
n a
nd
t
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n c
o
ef
f
icient
T
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
als
o
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
ed
as
t
h
e
S₁₁
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
s
er
v
es
a
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
m
etr
ic
i
n
ev
alu
a
tin
g
a
n
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
v
al
u
ab
le
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
in
to
t
h
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
an
d
th
e
an
te
n
n
a.
I
t
g
o
v
er
n
s
th
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
r
ad
i
o
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
R
F)
p
o
w
er
r
ed
i
r
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
b
ac
k
to
w
ar
d
th
e
f
ee
d
li
n
e.
De
f
i
n
ed
as
a
r
atio
ex
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
d
ec
ib
els
(
d
B
)
,
it
j
u
x
tap
o
s
es
r
ef
lecte
d
p
o
w
er
a
g
ain
s
t
i
n
cid
en
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ee
d
lin
e.
A
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
ed
r
ef
lectio
n
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
d
B
v
al
u
e,
s
i
g
n
i
f
ies
m
i
n
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
o
p
ti
m
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
w
h
ic
h
is
p
iv
o
tal
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
w
er
t
r
an
s
f
er
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
2
]
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
all
y
,
an
e
x
e
m
p
lar
y
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
a
w
ell
-
m
atch
ed
an
te
n
n
a
is
d
ee
m
ed
to
b
e
-
1
0
d
B
o
r
l
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
m
et
icu
lo
u
s
l
y
en
g
i
n
ee
r
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
s
h
o
w
ca
s
e
s
a
u
s
p
icio
u
s
attr
ib
u
tes,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
d
u
al
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
s
it
u
at
ed
at
8
.
0
9
6
T
Hz,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
A
t
b
o
th
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
co
m
m
en
d
ab
le
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
attain
ed
,
p
ea
k
i
n
g
at
-
3
5
.
2
3
d
B
at
8
.
0
9
6
T
Hz.
Su
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
tr
an
s
late
s
i
n
to
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
i
g
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
n
e
g
li
g
ib
le
r
ef
lectio
n
s
at
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
cie
s
,
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
’
s
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icac
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
b
o
asts
a
co
m
m
e
n
d
ab
le
b
an
d
w
id
th
s
p
an
n
in
g
5
.
9
6
8
T
Hz
(
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
4
.
0
3
1
5
T
Hz
to
1
0
T
Hz)
,
d
en
o
tin
g
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
o
v
er
w
h
ich
it
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
3
]
.
3
.
2
.
G
a
in a
nd
ef
f
iciency
Gain
i
s
a
cr
u
cia
l
f
ac
to
r
i
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
i
m
p
ac
ti
n
g
co
v
er
ag
e,
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
,
an
d
d
ata
r
ate.
I
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ef
f
ec
t
iv
el
y
f
o
cu
s
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
tr
an
s
m
itted
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
u
n
w
an
ted
n
o
i
s
e
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Hig
h
er
g
ai
n
r
esu
lt
s
in
s
tr
o
n
g
er
s
ig
n
al
s
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
w
id
er
ar
ea
,
th
u
s
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
co
v
er
ag
e
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
ated
g
ain
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
i
s
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
an
t
en
n
a
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
p
ea
k
g
ai
n
o
f
1
2
.
3
8
d
B
,
w
it
h
g
ain
s
o
f
1
1
.
9
2
d
B
at
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies o
f
8
.
0
9
6
T
Hz
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
a
p
o
te
n
tiall
y
m
o
r
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
ex
te
n
d
ed
co
v
er
ag
e.
E
f
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
also
cr
u
cial
in
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
m
p
ac
ti
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
d
ata
r
ate,
an
d
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
4
]
.
I
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
h
o
w
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
v
er
ts
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
i
n
to
u
s
e
f
u
l
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
o
r
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
as,
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
a
s
it
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
es
o
v
er
all
a
n
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
5
:
3
0
6
-
315
310
A
h
i
g
h
er
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
in
d
icate
s
a
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
b
ein
g
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
u
s
e
f
u
l
r
ad
iated
p
o
w
er
,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
q
u
a
lit
y
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
g
ai
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a,
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
s
h
o
w
a
h
i
g
h
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
8
9
%,
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
8
6
%
ac
r
o
s
s
its
r
an
g
e.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
ch
an
g
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
in
to
u
s
e
f
u
l
r
ad
iated
p
o
w
er
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
q
u
ali
t
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
ef
lect
io
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
f
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
g
a
in
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
3
.
3
.
T
he
env
elo
pe
co
rr
ela
t
i
o
n c
o
ef
f
icient
T
h
e
E
C
C
h
o
ld
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
in
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
as
it
d
ir
ec
tly
i
m
p
ac
ts
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
lev
er
ag
e
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
a
n
d
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
tim
a
l
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
[
2
6
]
.
I
t
q
u
an
tif
ies
t
h
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
en
v
elo
p
es
o
f
s
ig
n
als
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
t
en
n
a
s
w
ith
in
th
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
E
s
s
e
n
tiall
y
,
it
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
o
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
in
t
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
o
f
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
l
e
an
ten
n
as.
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
l
o
w
E
C
C
,
p
r
ef
er
ab
l
y
clo
s
e
to
ze
r
o
,
is
d
esira
b
le
f
o
r
o
p
tim
a
l p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
E
C
C
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
a
lo
w
E
C
C
i
n
d
ic
ates
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
an
ten
n
a
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
eo
u
s
f
o
r
m
ax
i
m
izin
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
3
.
4
.
Div
er
s
it
y
g
a
in
DG
is
es
s
en
tiall
y
w
h
at
w
e
u
s
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
in
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
m
u
l
tip
le
an
ten
n
a
s
an
d
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
f
ad
in
g
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
y
s
te
m
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
co
v
er
ag
e,
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
g
o
al
s
o
f
MI
M
O
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
to
ac
h
iev
e
DG
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
DG
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
b
elo
w
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
D
G
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
M
I
MO
a
n
te
n
n
a
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
e
en
t
h
at
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
DG
o
f
9
.
9
9
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
o
f
D
G
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
s
i
g
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s
in
a
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
[
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
C
C
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
DG
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Gra
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
THz
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
fo
r
fu
t
u
r
e
6
G
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
a
n
g
e
…
(
Md
.
K
a
w
s
a
r
A
h
med
)
311
4.
RADIA
T
I
O
N
P
A
T
T
E
RN
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
an
an
t
en
n
a
is
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
ta
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
s
p
atial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
E
f
ield
an
d
th
e
H
f
ield
w
h
en
d
e
s
ig
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
lacin
g
an
te
n
n
as
[
2
7
]
.
A
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
2
2
.
4
d
B
V/
m
is
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
E
f
ield
lo
b
e
at
t
h
eta
=9
0
°,
a
h
alf
-
p
o
w
er
b
ea
m
w
id
t
h
o
f
5
2
°,
a
n
d
an
H
f
ield
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
9
0
0
.
A
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
ai
n
lo
b
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e,
it
i
s
-
3
8
.
5
d
B
A
/
m
,
a
n
d
th
e
HP
B
W
is
5
4
.
3
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
T
h
e
h
alf
-
p
o
w
er
b
ea
m
w
id
th
is
1
2
4
.
6
°,
th
e
E
f
ield
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
lo
b
e
at
=9
0
° in
t
h
e
H
-
f
ield
is
8
d
B
V/
m
,
a
n
d
th
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
f
o
r
th
e
H
f
ield
o
f
th
e
lo
b
e
at
=9
0
°
is
-
2
9
.
2
d
B
A
/
m
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
E
-
f
ield
,
w
i
th
t
h
eta
=0
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
h
as
an
HP
B
W
o
f
8
9
.
9
d
eg
r
ee
s
an
d
a
p
r
im
ar
y
lo
b
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
1
7
.
1
d
B
V/m
[
2
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Si
m
u
lated
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
MI
MO
a
n
ten
n
a
5.
RE
S
I
ST
ANC
E
I
NDU
CT
A
N
CE
CAP
AC
I
T
A
NCE
E
Q
UI
VAL
E
NT
C
I
RCU
I
T
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
d
esig
n
an
ad
v
an
ce
d
an
te
n
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
to
m
ee
t
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
O
u
r
i
n
itial
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
ed
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
an
R
L
C
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
aim
ed
to
p
r
ec
is
ely
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
it
s
ele
ctr
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
w
e
m
etic
u
lo
u
s
l
y
e
x
tr
ac
ted
th
e
R
-
L
-
C
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
an
ten
n
a
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
to
o
ls
s
u
c
h
as
C
ST
Stu
d
io
.
I
n
o
u
r
a
n
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
,
th
e
p
at
c
h
ele
m
en
t
p
la
y
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
ep
ar
ate
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
W
e
u
ti
lized
t
w
o
p
ar
allel
cir
c
u
it
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
w
i
th
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
(
R
1
)
,
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
(
C
1
)
,
an
d
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
L
1
)
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
ese
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
ies
ca
r
ef
u
l
l
y
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
a
n
o
th
er
t
w
o
p
ar
allel
cir
cu
its
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
(
L
2
+C3
)
,
(
R
2
+C4
)
,
an
d
R
3
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
lo
t
p
lace
d
b
esid
e
th
e
f
ee
d
li
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a.
B
y
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
cir
cu
it
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
w
e
cr
ea
ted
a
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
r
ep
lica
tes
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
o
u
r
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
e
n
t
a
n
ten
n
a
[
3
0
]
.
W
h
en
tr
an
s
it
io
n
i
n
g
to
a
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
w
e
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
m
u
t
u
a
l
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
an
te
n
n
a
e
le
m
e
n
ts
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
ar
allel
cir
cu
i
t
o
f
L
3
,
R
4
,
R
5
,
an
d
C
5
.
T
o
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
A
g
i
len
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
esig
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
A
D
S
)
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
w
e
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
test
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
5
:
3
0
6
-
315
312
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
ST
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
a
p
ar
allel
cir
c
u
it
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
,
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
S1
1
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
etailed
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
r
R
-
L
-
C
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
b
y
co
m
p
ar
atio
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
cir
cu
it
an
d
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
ca
n
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
MI
MO
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
C
ST
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
R
L
C
cir
cu
it
r
esu
lt
s
f
r
o
m
ADS,
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fin
al
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t c
ir
c
u
it is
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M
I
MO
an
ten
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Si
m
u
lated
eq
u
iv
a
le
n
t c
ir
cu
i
t r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
in
A
DS a
n
d
C
ST
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
Hz
an
ten
n
a,
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
3
-
1
0
T
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e,
ex
h
ib
it
s
o
u
ts
ta
n
d
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
b
o
th
s
i
n
g
le
-
e
l
e
m
en
t
an
d
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
w
id
e
b
an
d
wid
th
f
r
o
m
4
.
0
3
2
8
to
1
0
T
Hz,
a
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
o
f
1
2
.
3
8
d
B
,
an
d
an
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
8
9
%,
m
ee
t
in
g
th
e
s
tr
i
n
g
en
t
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
f
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
T
Hz
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
is
o
latio
n
at
-
2
7
d
B
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
lo
w
E
C
C
a
n
d
h
ig
h
DG,
i
n
d
icati
v
e
o
f
e
x
ce
lle
n
t
MI
MO
ca
p
ab
ilit
ie
s
.
T
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
a
n
R
L
C
cir
c
u
it
m
o
d
el
en
ab
les
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
S1
1
cu
r
v
e,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
n
ac
cu
r
ate
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
’
s
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
an
d
r
eso
n
an
t
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
a
te
f
u
r
t
h
er
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
’
s
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
,
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
it
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
to
ad
v
an
ce
d
T
Hz
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
We
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
ex
te
n
d
m
y
h
ea
r
t
f
elt
g
r
ate
f
u
ln
e
s
s
to
th
e
Facu
lt
y
o
f
Gr
ad
u
ate
St
u
d
i
es
an
d
th
e
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
at
D
af
f
o
d
il
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
U
n
iv
er
s
i
t
y
,
B
an
g
lad
esh
,
f
o
r
th
eir
in
v
al
u
ab
le
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
is
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Gra
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
THz
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
fo
r
fu
t
u
r
e
6
G
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
a
n
g
e
…
(
Md
.
K
a
w
s
a
r
A
h
med
)
313
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
V
e
t
t
i
k
a
l
l
a
d
i
,
W
.
T
.
S
e
t
h
i
,
A
.
F
.
B
.
A
b
a
s,
W
.
K
o
,
M
.
A
.
A
l
k
a
n
h
a
l
,
a
n
d
M
.
H
i
m
d
i
,
“
S
u
b
-
T
H
z
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
H
i
g
h
-
S
p
e
e
d
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
An
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/
2
0
1
9
/
9
5
7
3
6
4
7
.
[
2
]
M
.
Esf
a
n
d
i
y
a
r
i
,
S
.
Jar
c
h
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
h
a
f
f
a
r
i
-
M
i
a
b
,
“
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
b
y
a
d
j
u
s
t
a
b
l
e
g
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
-
b
a
se
d
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
i
n
T
H
z
b
a
n
d
,
”
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
Q
u
a
n
t
u
m
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
1
3
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
0
8
2
-
0
1
9
-
1
8
5
6
-
2.
[
3
]
K
.
V
.
B
a
b
u
,
S
.
D
a
s,
G
.
V
a
r
sh
n
e
y
,
G
.
N
.
J.
S
r
e
e
,
a
n
d
B
.
T
.
P
.
M
a
d
h
a
v
,
“
A
mi
c
r
o
-
sca
l
e
d
g
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
-
b
a
se
d
t
r
e
e
-
sh
a
p
e
d
w
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
p
r
i
n
t
e
d
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
289
–
3
0
3
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
0
8
2
5
-
0
2
1
-
0
1
8
3
1
-
3
.
[
4
]
Z
.
X
u
,
X
.
D
o
n
g
a
n
d
J.
B
o
r
n
e
ma
n
n
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
a
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
M
I
M
O
S
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
T
H
z
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
B
a
se
d
o
n
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
,
”
i
n
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
T
e
r
a
h
e
rt
z
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
0
9
-
61
7
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
T
T
H
Z
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
3
1
4
9
6
.
[
5
]
G
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
Y
.
K
.
A
w
a
st
h
i
,
a
n
d
P
.
Ja
i
n
,
“
H
i
g
h
I
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
H
i
g
h
G
a
i
n
S
u
p
e
r
-
W
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
(
0
.
3
3
-
1
0
T
H
z
)
M
I
M
O
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
T
H
z
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
O
p
t
i
k
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
3
,
p
.
1
6
5
3
3
5
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
l
e
o
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
6
5
3
3
5
.
[
6
]
M
.
S
.
R
a
b
b
a
n
i
a
n
d
H
.
G
h
a
f
o
u
r
i
-
S
h
i
r
a
z
,
“
L
i
q
u
i
d
C
r
y
st
a
l
l
i
n
e
P
o
l
y
m
e
r
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
-
B
a
se
d
T
H
z
M
i
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
A
r
r
a
y
s
f
o
r
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
i
n
I
EE
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Wi
rel
e
ss
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
3
-
1
5
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
A
W
P
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
6
4
7
8
2
5
.
[
7
]
N
.
K
.
M
a
u
r
y
a
,
S
.
K
u
mar
i
,
P
.
P
a
r
e
e
k
,
a
n
d
L
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
-
b
a
se
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
g
i
l
e
i
so
l
a
t
i
o
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
me
c
h
a
n
i
sm
f
o
r
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
i
n
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
r
e
g
i
me
,
”
N
a
n
o
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
p
.
1
0
0
4
3
6
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
n
a
n
c
o
m.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
0
4
3
6
.
[
8
]
B
.
A
sh
v
a
n
t
h
a
n
d
B
.
P
a
r
t
i
b
a
n
e
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
b
a
n
d
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
d
h
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
Q
u
a
n
t
u
m
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
.
4
6
0
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
8
2
-
0
2
1
-
0
3
1
1
4
-
4.
[
9
]
S
.
K
u
mar,
A
.
P
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
N
o
v
e
l
M
i
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
-
B
a
se
d
D
u
a
l
-
B
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
a
c
t
T
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
B
i
o
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
c
s
a
n
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ma
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
,
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
I
J
ME
M
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
8
5
0
–
8
6
8
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
8
9
/
I
JM
EM
S
.
2
0
2
3
.
8
.
5
.
0
4
9
.
[
1
0
]
K
.
V
.
B
a
b
u
,
G
.
N
.
J.
S
r
e
e
,
T
.
I
sl
a
m,
S
.
D
a
s,
M
.
E.
G
h
z
a
o
u
i
,
a
n
d
R
.
A
.
S
a
r
a
v
a
n
a
n
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
a
P
h
o
t
o
n
i
c
C
r
y
st
a
l
s
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
W
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
(
1
.
4
1
–
3
.
0
T
H
z
)
F
r
a
c
t
a
l
M
I
M
O
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
O
v
e
r
S
i
O
2
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
f
o
r
Te
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
B
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
S
i
l
i
c
o
n
,
vol
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
7
8
2
3
–
7
8
3
6
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
2
6
3
3
-
0
2
3
-
0
2
6
2
2
-
0.
[
1
1
]
T
.
O
k
a
n
,
“
H
i
g
h
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
u
n
sl
o
t
t
e
d
u
l
t
r
a
-
w
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
m
i
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
su
b
-
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
s
h
o
r
t
r
a
n
g
e
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms,
”
O
p
t
i
k
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
2
,
p
.
1
6
6
8
5
9
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
l
e
o
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
6
6
8
5
9
.
[
1
2
]
S
.
Jo
r
w
a
l
,
S
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
g
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
-
b
a
se
d
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
a
b
so
r
b
e
r
a
n
d
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
mo
d
e
l
,
”
O
p
t
i
c
s
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
4
,
p
.
1
3
0
2
0
3
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
o
p
t
c
o
m.2
0
2
3
.
1
3
0
2
0
3
.
[
1
3
]
K
.
V
i
j
a
y
a
l
a
k
sh
mi
,
C
.
S
.
K
.
S
e
l
v
i
,
a
n
d
B
.
S
a
p
n
a
,
“
N
o
v
e
l
t
r
i
-
b
a
n
d
s
e
r
i
e
s
f
e
d
mi
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
r
r
a
y
f
o
r
T
H
z
M
I
M
O
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
Q
u
a
n
t
u
m
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
.
3
9
5
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
0
8
2
-
021
-
0
3
0
6
5
-
w.
[
1
4
]
R
.
Ja
i
n
,
V
.
V
.
T
h
a
k
a
r
e
a
n
d
P
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
l
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
C
o
mp
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
T
H
z
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
6
G
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
”
i
n
I
EE
E
L
a
t
i
n
Am
e
r
i
c
a
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
2
-
9
1
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TL
A
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
4
1
2
0
3
2
.
[
1
5
]
J.
P
e
r
r
u
i
sse
a
u
-
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
,
“
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
f
o
r
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s:
O
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
mi
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
s
t
o
T
H
z
,
”
2
0
1
2
L
o
u
g
h
b
o
r
o
u
g
h
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
&
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(
L
A
PC
)
,
L
o
u
g
h
b
o
r
o
u
g
h
,
U
K
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
A
P
C
.
2
0
1
2
.
6
4
0
2
9
3
4
.
[
1
6
]
M
.
S
h
a
l
i
n
i
a
n
d
M
.
G
.
M
a
d
h
a
n
,
“
A
c
o
mp
a
c
t
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
f
o
r
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
p
o
l
a
r
i
z
e
d
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
O
p
t
i
k
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
1
,
p
.
1
6
6
3
9
3
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
l
e
o
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
6
6
3
9
3
.
[
1
7
]
R
.
S
o
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
mp
a
r
i
so
n
o
f
c
o
p
p
e
r
a
n
d
g
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
-
a
sse
mb
l
e
d
f
i
l
ms
i
n
5
G
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
T
H
z
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
mag
n
e
t
i
c
-
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
sh
i
e
l
d
i
n
g
,
”
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
PN
A
S
)
,
U
.
S
.
A
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
.
e
2
2
0
9
8
0
7
1
2
0
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
7
3
/
p
n
a
s.
2
2
0
9
8
0
7
1
2
0
.
[
1
8
]
M
.
Z
.
C
h
o
w
d
h
u
r
y
,
M
.
S
h
a
h
j
a
l
a
l
,
S
.
A
h
me
d
,
a
n
d
Y
.
M
.
Ja
n
g
,
“
6
G
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms:
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
i
n
I
EE
E
O
p
e
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
5
7
-
9
7
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
O
JC
O
M
S
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
1
0
2
7
0
.
[
1
9
]
R
.
C
h
a
t
a
u
t
,
M
.
N
a
n
k
y
a
,
a
n
d
R
.
A
k
l
,
“
6
G
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
A
I
R
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
—
Ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
a
n
d
Eme
r
g
i
n
g
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
.
1
8
8
8
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
2
4
0
6
1
8
8
8
.
[
2
0
]
M
.
A
.
H
a
q
u
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
-
b
a
se
d
n
o
v
e
l
-
sh
a
p
e
d
T
H
z
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
i
t
h
a
sl
o
t
t
e
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
l
a
n
e
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
6
G
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
3
2
1
6
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s
4
1
5
9
8
-
0
2
4
-
7
9
3
3
2
-
z.
[
2
1
]
P
.
K
u
mar,
T
.
A
l
i
,
S
.
P
a
t
h
a
n
,
N
.
K
.
S
h
e
t
t
y
,
Y
.
B
.
H
u
c
h
e
g
o
w
d
a
,
a
n
d
Y
.
N
a
n
j
a
p
p
a
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
u
l
t
r
a
-
w
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
-
p
o
r
t
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
i
t
h
D
G
S
a
s
d
e
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
f
o
r
T
H
z
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
Re
su
l
t
s
i
n
O
p
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
p
.
1
0
0
5
7
3
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
i
o
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
0
5
7
3
.
[
2
2
]
E.
H
o
l
d
e
n
g
r
e
b
e
r
,
X
.
G
a
o
,
M
.
M
i
z
r
a
h
i
,
S
.
E.
S
c
h
a
c
h
a
m
,
a
n
d
E.
F
a
r
b
e
r
,
“
S
u
p
e
r
i
o
r
i
mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
mat
c
h
i
n
g
o
f
T
H
z
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
u
p
e
r
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
Jo
se
p
h
s
o
n
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s,
”
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
.
0
7
4
0
0
6
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
3
6
1
-
6
6
6
8
/
a
b
1
f
6
1
.
[
2
3
]
L
.
C
.
P
a
u
l
,
M
.
A
.
H
a
q
u
e
,
M
.
A
.
H
a
q
u
e
,
M
.
M
.
U
.
R
a
s
h
i
d
,
M
.
F
.
I
s
l
a
m
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
R
a
h
ma
n
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
sl
o
t
t
e
d
me
t
a
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
mi
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
p
a
t
c
h
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
b
y
c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
e
d
u
a
l
i
so
sce
l
e
s
t
r
i
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
sl
o
t
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
a
t
c
h
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
,
”
2
0
1
7
3
rd
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
EI
C
T
)
,
K
h
u
l
n
a
,
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
sh
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
E
I
C
T
.
2
0
1
7
.
8
2
7
5
1
4
3
.
[
2
4
]
O
.
K
a
n
h
e
r
e
,
H
.
P
o
d
d
a
r
,
Y
.
X
i
n
g
,
D
.
S
h
a
k
y
a
,
S
.
Ju
a
n
d
T
.
S
.
R
a
p
p
a
p
o
r
t
,
“
A
P
o
w
e
r
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
M
e
t
r
i
c
f
o
r
C
o
mp
a
r
i
n
g
En
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
s
u
mp
t
i
o
n
i
n
F
u
t
u
r
e
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
M
i
l
l
i
me
t
e
r
-
W
a
v
e
a
n
d
T
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
B
a
n
d
s,
”
i
n
I
E
EE
W
i
re
l
e
ss
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
6
-
6
3
,
D
e
c
e
mb
e
r
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
W
C
.
0
0
5
.
2
2
0
0
0
8
3
.
[
2
5
]
M
.
A
.
H
a
q
u
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
-
b
a
se
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
g
a
i
n
a
n
d
r
e
so
n
a
n
c
e
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
mi
d
b
a
n
d
5
G
Y
a
g
i
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
,
”
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
Re
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
2
5
9
0
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s
4
1
5
9
8
-
0
2
3
-
3
9
7
3
0
-
1.
[
2
6
]
Q
.
R
u
b
a
n
i
,
S
.
H
.
G
u
p
t
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
R
a
j
a
w
a
t
,
“
A
c
o
mp
a
c
t
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
W
B
A
N
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
a
t
T
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
”
O
p
t
i
k
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
7
,
p
.
1
6
4
4
4
7
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
l
e
o
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
6
4
4
4
7
.
[
2
7
]
M
d
.
K
.
A
h
me
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
N
N
-
b
a
se
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
e
st
i
ma
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
sl
o
t
t
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
d
F
-
sh
a
p
e
d
t
r
i
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
sat
e
l
l
i
t
e
/
mm
-
w
a
v
e
5
G
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
T
ELKO
M
N
I
K
A)
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
7
7
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
t
e
l
k
o
mn
i
k
a
.
v
2
2
i
4
.
2
6
0
2
8
.
[
2
8
]
P
.
U
.
Je
p
se
n
a
n
d
S
.
R
.
K
e
i
d
i
n
g
,
“
R
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
f
r
o
m
l
e
n
s
-
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
t
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
,
”
O
p
t
i
c
s
L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
.
8
0
7
,
A
p
r
.
1
9
9
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
6
4
/
O
L
.
2
0
.
0
0
0
8
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
2
3
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
5
:
3
0
6
-
315
314
[
2
9
]
M
.
M
.
K
h
a
d
e
r
,
J.
F
.
G
ó
mez
‐
A
g
u
i
l
a
r
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
d
e
l
,
“
N
u
me
r
i
c
a
l
st
u
d
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
L
,
R
C
,
a
n
d
R
L
C
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
u
si
n
g
L
e
g
e
n
d
r
e
p
se
u
d
o
‐
sp
e
c
t
r
a
l
me
t
h
o
d
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
6
–
3
2
8
5
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
c
t
a
.
3
1
0
3
.
[
3
0
]
R
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
R
.
P
a
n
w
a
r
a
n
d
D
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
Eq
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
S
e
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
T
e
r
a
h
e
r
t
z
-
B
a
n
d
,
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
-
B
a
se
d
M
e
t
a
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
A
b
so
r
b
e
r
s,
”
i
n
I
EEE
M
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
s Le
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
L
M
A
G
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
7
8
9
4
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
d
.
K
a
w
sa
r
Ahm
e
d
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
is
stu
d
ies
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Da
ff
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
He
su
c
c
e
ss
f
u
ll
y
f
in
ish
e
d
h
is
Hig
h
e
r
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
ry
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
t
Ag
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
M
y
m
e
n
sin
g
h
.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
a
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
A
d
m
in
istrativ
e
Off
ic
e
r
a
t
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
S
tu
d
e
n
ts’
A
ff
a
irs
a
t
Da
ff
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
(DIU
)
i
n
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
.
T
h
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
h
is
r
e
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
s
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
s
se
d
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
tera
h
e
rtz
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
re
late
d
t
o
4
G
a
n
d
5
G
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
a
w
sa
r3
3
-
1
2
4
1
@d
i
u
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
M
d
.
S
h
a
r
if
Aha
m
m
e
d
is
a
stu
d
e
n
t
o
f
Da
ff
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
a
B.
S
c
.
i
n
t
h
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t.
H
e
p
a
ss
e
d
f
ro
m
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
Ba
n
g
a
b
a
n
d
h
u
C
o
ll
e
g
e
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
e
r
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
.
M
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
,
tera
h
e
rtz
a
n
ten
n
a
,
a
n
d
5
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
re
so
m
e
o
f
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sh
a
rif
3
3
-
1
1
5
2
@d
iu
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
M
d
.
As
h
r
a
f
u
l
H
a
q
u
e
is
d
o
in
g
P
h
.
D
.
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
P
ET
RON
A
S
,
M
a
l
a
y
sia
,
He
g
o
t
h
is
B.
S
c
.
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(EE
E)
f
ro
m
Ba
n
g
lad
e
s
h
’s
Ra
jsh
a
h
i
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(R
UET
)
a
n
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
in
t
h
e
sa
m
e
f
ield
f
ro
m
B
a
n
g
lad
e
sh
’s
Isla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(IUT
).
H
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
o
n
lea
v
e
f
ro
m
Da
ff
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
(DIU
)
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
m
ic
ro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
,
su
b
6
5
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
su
p
e
rv
ise
d
re
g
re
ss
io
n
m
o
d
e
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
in
g
o
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
sig
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
li
m
o
n
.
a
sh
r
a
f
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Na
r
i
n
d
e
r
jit
S
in
g
h
S
a
w
a
r
a
n
S
in
g
h
is
an
A
ss
o
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
INT
I
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
M
a
la
y
si
a
.
He
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
P
ET
RON
A
S
(UT
P
)
in
2
0
1
6
w
it
h
P
h
.
D.
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
sp
e
c
ialize
d
in
P
r
o
b
a
b
il
isti
c
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
to
lera
n
t
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
,
h
e
is
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
c
lu
ste
r
h
e
a
d
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
w
h
ich
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
th
e
a
re
a
s
li
k
e
p
a
tt
e
rn
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
a
n
d
sy
m
b
o
li
c
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s,
g
a
m
e
th
e
o
ry
,
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
e
x
p
e
rt
s
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
q
u
a
li
ty
so
f
t
wa
re
,
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
e
x
p
lo
ra
to
ry
d
a
ta
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s,
sto
c
h
a
stic
m
e
th
o
d
s,
d
a
ta
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
-
sw
a
r
m
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
a
rin
d
e
rji
ts.sa
w
a
r
a
n
@n
e
w
in
ti
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Gra
p
h
en
e
-
b
a
s
ed
THz
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
a
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
fo
r
fu
t
u
r
e
6
G
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
a
n
g
e
…
(
Md
.
K
a
w
s
a
r
A
h
med
)
315
J
a
m
a
l
H
o
ss
a
i
n
Nir
o
b
is
a
st
u
d
e
n
t
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(EE
E)
a
t
Da
f
f
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
His
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
b
e
g
a
n
a
t
M
a
n
ik
n
a
g
a
r
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l,
w
h
e
re
h
e
su
c
c
e
ss
f
u
ll
y
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
ry
S
c
h
o
o
l
Ce
rti
f
ica
te
(S
S
C).
F
o
ll
o
w
in
g
t
h
a
t,
h
e
p
u
rs
u
e
d
h
ig
h
e
r
stu
d
ies
a
t
Ish
w
a
rd
i
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
o
b
tain
in
g
h
is
Hig
h
e
r
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
ry
Ce
rti
f
ic
a
te
(HSC).
W
it
h
a
stro
n
g
e
n
th
u
sia
sm
f
o
r
e
x
p
a
n
d
in
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
he
h
a
s
f
o
c
u
se
d
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
sp
e
c
if
ic
a
ll
y
o
n
m
icro
st
rip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
tera
h
e
rtz
a
n
te
n
n
a
s,
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
5
G
a
n
d
6
G
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
jam
a
l3
3
-
1
2
4
3
@d
i
u
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
Re
d
w
a
n
A
.
Ana
n
ta
h
a
s
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
sh
e
d
h
is
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
i
e
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
t
D
a
ff
o
d
il
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
iv
e
rsity
.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
h
ig
h
e
r
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
t
A
d
a
m
je
e
Ca
n
to
n
m
e
n
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
s
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
ss
e
s
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
sp
e
c
if
ic
a
ll
y
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
,
ter
a
h
e
rtz
a
n
ten
n
a
,
a
n
d
5
G
,
a
n
d
6
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
ta
c
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
re
d
w
a
n
3
3
-
1
1
4
5
@d
i
u
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
K
a
m
a
l
H
o
ss
a
in
Na
h
i
n
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
a
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Da
f
f
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
iv
e
rsity
.
His
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
e
y
b
e
g
a
n
a
t
Ish
w
a
rd
i
G
o
v
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
f
o
r
h
is
Hig
h
e
r
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
ry
Ce
rti
f
ica
te
(HSC).
A
s
a
b
u
d
d
i
n
g
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
in
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
f
ield
,
h
e
is
p
a
ss
i
o
n
a
te
a
b
o
u
t
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
f
o
c
u
sin
g
o
n
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s,
tera
h
e
rtz
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
f
u
tu
re
5
G
a
n
d
6
G
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
a
m
a
l3
3
-
1
2
4
2
@d
i
u
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
Lito
n
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
Pa
u
l
h
o
l
d
s
t
h
e
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
A
ss
ist
a
n
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
E
lec
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic,
a
n
d
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
a
t
P
a
b
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(P
UST
).
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Ra
jsh
a
h
i
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(RUET
)
in
2
0
1
2
a
n
d
2
0
1
5
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
Du
rin
g
h
is
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
jo
u
rn
e
y
,
h
e
a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ted
in
v
a
rio
u
s
n
o
n
-
p
ro
f
it
so
c
ial
w
e
l
f
a
r
e
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s,
m
a
k
in
g
sig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
ir
e
n
d
e
a
v
o
rs.
In
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
to
b
e
c
o
m
in
g
th
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t’s
f
irst
-
c
la
ss
f
irst
b
o
y
o
f
th
e
th
ird
b
a
tch
(a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
se
ss
i
o
n
2
0
0
7
–
2
0
0
8
),
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
G
o
ld
M
e
d
a
l
f
o
r
h
is
e
x
c
e
p
ti
o
n
a
l
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
in
e
a
rn
in
g
a
B.
S
c
.
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
A
t
th
e
IEE
E
ICCI
T
2
0
2
1
,
o
n
e
o
f
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
ts
w
o
n
th
e
P
ro
f
.
S
y
e
d
M
a
h
b
u
b
u
r
Ra
h
m
a
n
Be
st
P
a
p
e
r
Aw
a
rd
.
He
wa
s
a
w
a
rd
e
d
th
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ex
c
e
ll
e
n
c
e
Aw
a
rd
in
2
0
2
2
a
n
d
th
e
Ou
tstan
d
in
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
Aw
a
rd
in
2
0
2
3
f
ro
m
P
UST
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
re
s
e
a
rc
h
g
ra
n
ts
f
ro
m
v
a
rio
u
s
in
sti
tu
ti
o
n
s.
He
h
a
s
a
u
t
h
o
re
d
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
in
t’l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
p
e
e
r
-
re
v
ie
we
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
He
h
e
ld
t
h
e
p
o
siti
o
n
s
o
f
V
ice
Ch
a
ir
(T
e
c
h
n
ica
l)
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
Yo
u
n
g
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
ls
BDS
(2
0
2
2
–
2
0
2
3
)
a
n
d
Co
u
n
se
l
o
r
f
o
r
th
e
IEE
E
P
U
S
T
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Bra
n
c
h
(2
0
2
0
–
2
0
2
1
).
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
c
ti
n
g
a
s
a
n
a
d
v
iso
r
f
o
r
th
e
IEE
E
P
UST
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Bra
n
c
h
.
I
n
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
h
e
e
f
fe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
c
a
rried
o
u
t
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
o
th
e
r
d
u
ti
e
s
a
ss
ig
n
e
d
b
y
P
UST
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
a
ss
istan
t
d
irec
t
o
r
o
f
th
e
S
tu
d
e
n
t
A
d
v
iso
r
Off
ice
,
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
d
irec
to
r
o
f
th
e
In
st
it
u
t
io
n
a
l
Qu
a
li
ty
A
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
Ce
ll
(IQ
A
C),
a
n
d
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
v
o
st
o
f
Ba
n
g
a
b
a
n
d
h
u
S
h
e
ik
h
M
u
ji
b
u
r
R
a
h
m
a
n
Ha
ll
.
He
a
lso
se
rv
e
s
a
s
a
re
v
ie
we
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
in
t’l
re
p
u
ted
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
jo
u
rn
a
l
s
o
f
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
re
p
u
t
e
d
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
rs,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
IE
EE
,
S
p
r
in
g
e
r
Na
tu
re
,
El
se
v
ier,
W
il
e
y
,
C
a
m
b
r
id
g
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
P
re
ss
,
IET
,
Hin
d
a
w
i,
M
DP
I
,
T
a
y
lo
r
,
a
n
d
F
ra
n
c
is.
He
h
a
s
a
ff
il
iatio
n
s
w
it
h
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
in
t’
l
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
b
o
d
ies
li
k
e
th
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
(IE
B)
a
n
d
th
e
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rs
(IE
EE
),
in
c
l
u
d
in
g
IEE
E
-
A
P
S
,
I
EE
E
-
M
T
T
S
,
IEE
E
-
C
o
m
S
o
c
,
IE
EE
-
S
P
S
,
a
n
d
I
EE
E
-
W
IE.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
RF
IC,
M
IM
O,
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
in
g
,
b
io
-
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s,
m
icro
w
a
v
e
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
te
n
n
a
s,
p
h
a
se
d
a
rra
y
s,
m
m
Wav
e
,
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
ls,
a
b
so
rb
e
r
,
m
e
tas
u
rfa
c
e
s,
a
n
d
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
rs.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
li
to
n
p
a
u
lete
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.