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ially
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On
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OS
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ased
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latf
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f
ee
lin
g
s
,
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
ter
ests
an
d
r
ev
iews
[
1
]
.
Mo
b
ile
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
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cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
ea
s
in
ess
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s
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r
v
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y
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Sco
r
e
[
2
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i
n
Am
er
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u
s
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s
s
p
en
d
in
g
8
6
%
o
f
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g
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n
th
e
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o
r
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n
av
ir
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s
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2
0
1
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(
C
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-
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)
p
an
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n
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t
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m
is
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m
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d
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d
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s
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o
f
s
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d
d
ea
th
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ll,
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cr
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ted
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in
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le.
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n
s
o
cial
n
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r
k
s
s
o
m
an
y
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y
b
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law
v
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latio
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n
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r
im
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s
ar
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ep
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n
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s
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th
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s
p
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s
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n
al
d
ata
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n
d
f
in
an
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cr
im
es
[
3
]
.
Hen
ce
s
o
cial
n
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r
k
d
em
a
n
d
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
s
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g
th
e
p
o
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ts
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f
ak
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o
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g
en
u
i
n
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B
u
t
it
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t
a
tr
iv
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task
to
d
o
th
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icatio
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ig
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g
e
n
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ated
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u
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s
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aily
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ctiv
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th
th
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lim
itatio
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s
,
s
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cial
n
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k
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o
m
in
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attr
ac
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esear
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s
o
m
a
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s
ec
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r
ities
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d
p
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m
eth
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d
s
h
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v
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ed
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Ma
n
y
m
eth
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d
s
o
r
r
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ted
f
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th
is
p
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r
p
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b
u
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
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N:
2502
-
4
7
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2
Tr
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s
t e
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lu
a
tio
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in
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n
li
n
e
s
o
cia
l n
etw
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r
ks fo
r
s
ec
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r
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s
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tera
ctio
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A
n
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Ya
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)
2071
ac
cu
r
ac
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d
u
s
ed
co
m
p
lex
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cr
y
p
tio
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alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
So
,
p
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s
ea
r
ch
is
f
o
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lig
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t
weig
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t
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f
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r
ity
m
eth
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s
u
ally
r
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as tr
u
s
t m
an
ag
em
en
t m
eth
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s
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Ma
n
y
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o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
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ep
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ted
i
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
u
r
v
ey
to
c
o
m
p
u
te
th
e
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t
in
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
r
u
s
t
ca
n
b
e
esti
m
ated
in
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
way
s
s
u
ch
as
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
el
[
4
]
,
B
ay
esian
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el,
g
am
e
t
h
eo
r
y
m
o
d
el
s
u
b
jectiv
e
tr
u
s
t,
weig
h
ted
b
a
s
ed
,
Ma
r
k
o
v
c
h
ain
m
o
d
el
an
d
B
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
5
]
.
Ma
n
y
tr
u
s
t
m
eth
o
d
s
m
o
d
el
th
e
OSN
as
a
tr
u
s
t
n
etwo
r
k
G
(
V,
E
)
,
wh
er
e
V
is
th
e
s
et
o
f
u
s
er
s
an
d
E
is
th
e
s
et
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
[
6
]
.
I
n
OSN,
tr
u
s
t
is
b
r
o
ad
ly
class
if
ied
in
to
two
ty
p
es
s
u
ch
as
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
[
7
]
.
User
d
o
th
e
d
ir
e
ct
tr
u
s
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
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th
er
with
wh
o
m
th
e
y
ar
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ter
ac
tio
n
d
ir
ec
tly
b
ased
o
n
g
o
o
d
an
d
b
a
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
th
ey
h
ad
.
I
f
t
h
e
tar
g
et
u
s
er
is
n
o
t
in
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
th
en
h
e
is
ass
ess
ed
in
d
ir
ec
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
tu
al
f
r
ien
d
s
.
I
n
OSN,
th
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
is
ev
alu
ated
lik
e
tr
an
s
itiv
e
tr
u
s
t
r
u
le
[
8
]
.
I
f
u
s
er
-
i
tr
u
s
t
o
n
u
s
er
-
j
is
an
d
u
s
er
-
j
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
e
o
n
u
s
er
-
k
is
th
en
u
s
er
-
i
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
e
o
n
u
s
er
-
k
is
=
×
.
So
cial
n
etwo
r
k
is
h
u
g
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
lex
o
n
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
to
r
ea
ch
tar
g
et
u
s
er
/n
o
d
e
[
9
]
.
Fin
d
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
r
o
u
t
e
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
b
iased
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
o
f
in
ter
m
ed
iate
u
s
er
s
is
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
an
d
s
till
it
is
an
o
p
en
is
s
u
e.
L
iu
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
a
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
t
h
r
ee
v
alu
ed
s
u
b
jectiv
e
l
o
g
ic
(
3
VSL
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
wh
er
e
OSN
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
as
a
ar
b
itra
r
y
g
r
ap
h
s
.
Her
e
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t
is
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
in
io
n
s
lik
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
,
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
a
n
d
u
n
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
.
Nasir
an
d
Kim
[
1
1
]
m
en
tio
n
e
d
,
th
e
tr
u
s
t
is
esti
m
ated
f
o
r
th
e
p
air
o
f
u
n
k
n
o
wn
u
s
er
s
,
wh
ich
is
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
r
ea
l
v
alu
e
.
Her
e
co
-
citatio
n
-
b
ased
tr
u
s
t
is
co
m
p
u
ted
an
d
p
r
o
p
ag
ate
d
as
a
tr
u
s
t
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e
f
o
r
m
.
Fo
r
a
p
air
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
tr
u
s
t
is
esti
m
ated
as
a
av
er
ag
e
o
f
th
ei
r
tr
u
s
t
o
n
ea
ch
o
th
er
an
d
o
th
e
r
u
s
er
s
tr
u
s
t
o
n
th
em
.
W
u
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
s
tates
,
tr
u
s
t
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
i
d
en
t
if
icatio
n
o
f
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
id
er
i
n
e
-
c
o
m
m
er
ce
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
W
h
er
e
ea
ch
cu
s
to
m
er
’
s
o
r
d
er
d
em
an
d
s
f
in
d
in
g
h
i
g
h
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
.
Gu
id
i
[
1
3
]
s
tates
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
t
o
On
lin
e
So
cial
Netwo
r
k
s
.
Her
e
OSN
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
,
wh
e
r
e
ea
ch
u
s
er
’
s
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ity
is
v
alid
ate
d
an
d
m
ain
tain
e
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
.
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
e
x
p
lain
ed
,
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
etit
iv
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
,
wh
er
e
s
im
ilar
item
s
co
m
p
ete
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
to
s
p
r
ea
d
t
h
eir
in
f
lu
en
ce
to
u
s
er
s
.
Her
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
is
d
ev
is
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
to
p
k
-
m
o
s
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
r
s
.
Yan
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
,
d
ec
en
t
r
alize
d
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
(
s
o
cial
-
ch
ain
)
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
o
n
lin
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
with
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices.
Her
e
th
e
lig
h
t
weig
h
t
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
tr
u
s
t
h
elp
s
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
to
u
s
e
s
o
cial
n
e
two
r
k
f
ea
tu
r
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
o
v
er
th
e
lo
n
g
p
er
i
o
d
.
T
h
e
n
o
ta
b
le
is
s
u
es
in
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
s
p
a
m
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
f
ak
e
n
ews,
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
tr
u
s
t
wo
r
th
in
ess
o
f
u
s
er
p
o
s
ted
co
n
te
n
t,
b
o
t
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
.
All
th
ese
is
s
u
es
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
em
a
r
e
r
ev
iewe
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
in
[
1
6
]
.
Xiao
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
ex
p
lain
ed
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
c
u
s
ed
m
ain
ly
o
n
m
is
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
e
s
p
ec
ially
r
elate
d
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
an
d
its
im
p
ac
t.
J
ian
g
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
ex
p
lain
e
d
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
R
ath
ee
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
s
tates
,
a
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
er
s
.
L
iu
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
m
en
tio
n
e
d
,
a
n
o
v
el
tr
u
s
t
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
p
er
ato
r
b
ased
o
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
c
o
v
er
ag
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
o
f
two
en
d
u
s
er
s
o
n
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
W
u
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
ex
p
lain
ed
,
two
-
f
o
l
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
aliz
ed
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
t
is
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
co
m
m
o
n
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
em
b
er
s
.
I
t
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
ec
u
r
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Gh
af
ar
i
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
,
p
air
wis
e
tr
u
s
t
p
r
ed
ictio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
p
air
o
f
u
n
k
n
o
wn
u
s
er
s
to
class
if
y
th
em
b
ased
o
n
s
im
ilar
ities
an
d
co
n
tr
ast
in
th
eir
ac
tiv
ities
.
He
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
s
tates
,
a
3
C
(
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
ca
ch
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
)
b
ased
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ee
p
lear
n
i
n
g
-
b
ase
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
ta
k
e
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
allo
ca
tio
n
m
o
b
ile
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t n
etwo
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
.
R
esear
ch
g
ap
s
id
en
tifie
d
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
:
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ab
o
v
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
is
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
th
e
g
ap
s
in
tr
u
s
t
esti
m
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
u
n
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
b
iased
tr
u
s
t
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
an
d
lag
g
in
g
in
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
an
d
ev
e
r
y
ac
tiv
ity
in
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
u
s
er
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
.
Ma
n
y
tr
u
s
t
m
eth
o
d
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
s
o
f
ar
in
liter
atu
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
is
cr
ete
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
es
o
f
a
tar
g
et
u
s
er
.
B
u
t
it
tak
es
r
ea
l
an
d
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
v
alu
es.
I
n
OSN,
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
in
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
n
ter
v
als;
h
en
ce
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
to
a
g
g
r
e
g
ate
th
em
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
–
T
E
OSN
(
tr
u
s
t
ev
alu
atio
n
in
o
n
l
in
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ed
u
s
er
in
ter
a
ctio
n
s
)
,
ea
ch
an
d
e
v
er
y
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ity
is
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
a
n
d
esti
m
ated
in
ter
m
s
o
f
u
s
er
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
.
Me
r
its
o
f
T
E
OSNo
v
er
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
:
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
alities
.
i)
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
c
o
u
ld
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
s
in
ce
it
u
s
es
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
(
B
eta)
to
co
n
s
id
er
ea
ch
a
n
d
ev
er
y
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
u
s
er
o
v
er
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
tim
e.
ii)
T
h
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
in
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ities
is
h
an
d
led
ef
f
icien
tly
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
in
f
e
r
en
ce
m
o
d
el.
iii)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
is
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
ad
o
p
tab
le
to
o
th
er
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
is
ap
p
lied
t
o
th
e
twitter
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
d
ata
s
et
ca
lled
“I
n
f
lu
en
ce
r
s
in
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
”
[
2
4
]
with
1
1
,
0
0
0
u
s
er
’
s
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
s
u
ch
as.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
T
E
OSN
is
d
escr
ib
ed
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
T
E
OSN
esti
m
ated
.
An
d
th
e
wo
r
k
is
co
n
clu
d
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
with
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
7
0
-
20
78
2072
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
Her
e
th
e
u
s
er
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
ased
o
n
h
is
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
.
E
ac
h
u
s
er
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
as
h
e
is
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
o
th
er
(
f
o
llo
we
d
_
co
u
n
t
-
)
an
d
h
o
w
o
th
er
s
ar
e
tr
ea
tin
g
h
im
(
f
o
llo
wer
_
c
o
u
n
t
-
)
.
Fu
zz
y
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g
i
c
is
ap
p
lied
o
v
e
r
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ities
lik
e
f
o
llo
wer
_
c
o
u
n
t,
r
etwe
ets_
r
ec
eiv
ed
,
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d
m
en
tio
n
s
_
r
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e
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o
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te
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m
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ted
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y
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n
s
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g
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llo
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u
n
t,
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etwe
ets_
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en
t
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d
m
en
tio
n
s
_
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en
t.
Her
e
d
ir
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t
tr
u
s
t
-
i
s
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ea
ted
as
a
co
n
tin
u
es
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d
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m
v
ar
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le
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er
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d
an
d
co
m
p
u
ted
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s
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g
B
ay
esian
co
n
d
itio
n
al
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
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d
b
eta
d
is
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ib
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tio
n
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h
e
en
d
-
to
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en
d
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
o
f
T
E
OSN
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
E
OSN
2
.
1
.
So
cia
l
a
ct
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it
y
f
uzzy
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et
s
User
s
o
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ities
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e
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h
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m
o
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e
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s
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d
ca
n
n
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g
r
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ated
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tly
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ess
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u
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alu
e.
Hen
ce
f
u
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g
ic
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ap
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lied
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r
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
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tiv
it
ies
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d
th
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tr
u
s
ts
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m
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u
tatio
n
.
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e
f
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zz
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ic
is
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p
lied
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ep
ar
ately
o
n
two
s
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o
f
ac
tiv
ities
(
in
p
u
t
p
ar
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e
ter
s
)
s
u
ch
as
{
f
o
llo
wer
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n
t,
r
etwe
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ed
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m
en
tio
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s
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e
d
}
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d
{
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t
}
to
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te
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d
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ar
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r
esp
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ely
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n
T
ab
le
s
1
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d
2
,
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
s
o
cial
ac
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ities
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
4
f
u
zz
y
s
ets b
ased
o
n
th
eir
in
ter
v
al
v
al
u
es su
ch
as lo
w,
m
ed
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m
,
h
ig
h
,
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d
v
er
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h
ig
h
T
ab
le
1
.
Fo
llo
wer
_
f
ac
to
r
f
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zz
y
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ets in
ter
v
als
P
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r
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t
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218
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0
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.
0
T
ab
le
2
.
Fo
llo
wed
_
f
ac
to
r
f
u
zz
y
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ets in
ter
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als
P
a
r
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me
t
e
r
s
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t
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w
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i
g
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r
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g
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l
l
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o
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n
t
1
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,
0
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0
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300
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2
9
0
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e
t
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t
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se
n
t
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M
e
n
t
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n
t
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2
.
So
cia
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a
ct
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y
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uzzy
rul
e
ba
s
e
I
n
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le
b
ase
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ch
r
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le
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th
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f
o
r
m
o
f
I
F
-
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HE
N.
W
h
er
e
I
F
p
ar
t
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g
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n
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t
f
u
z
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d
T
h
en
p
ar
t
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o
n
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is
t
o
f
o
u
tp
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t
v
ar
iab
le
f
u
zz
y
s
ets.
I
n
T
a
b
le
s
3
an
d
4
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
r
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les
o
f
an
d
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
.
I
n
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
f
u
zz
if
icatio
n
an
d
d
ef
u
zz
if
icatio
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p
h
ases
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
te
d
b
ased
o
n
f
u
zz
y
r
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le
b
ase.
A
d
o
m
ain
e
x
p
er
t
p
r
ep
a
r
es
th
e
f
u
zz
y
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les
b
ased
o
n
h
is
ex
p
er
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ce
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d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
H
er
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th
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le
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ase
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d
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ased
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atio
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f
d
ata
d
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etwo
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r
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R
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Tr
u
s
t e
va
lu
a
tio
n
in
o
n
li
n
e
s
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l n
etw
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r
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r
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er i
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tera
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(
A
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ith
a
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a
v
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)
2073
T
ab
le
3
.
Fo
llo
wer
r
u
le
b
ase
M
e
n
t
i
o
n
s r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
R
e
t
w
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e
t
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e
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l
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r
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n
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H
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h
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d
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r
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w
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d
i
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m
T
ab
le
4
.
Fo
llo
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r
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le
b
ase
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o
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se
n
t
R
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t
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n
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2
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3
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Dire
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rus
t
co
m
pu
t
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t
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n
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m
p
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tes
th
e
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t
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as
a
r
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l
n
u
m
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er
wh
ich
g
ets
in
f
lu
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ce
d
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d
tak
es
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n
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u
o
u
s
v
alu
es
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
[
0
,
1
]
.
Her
e
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t
g
ets
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
two
f
ac
to
r
s
,
i.e
h
o
w
o
th
e
r
s
ar
e
b
eh
a
v
in
g
with
h
im
(
f
o
llo
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f
ac
t
o
r
-
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an
d
h
o
w
h
e
is
b
e
h
av
in
g
with
o
t
h
er
s
(
f
o
llo
wed
f
ac
to
r
-
)
.
Hen
ce
in
t
h
e
d
ata
s
et
th
e
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
s
ep
ar
ated
as
two
s
et
s
.
Af
ter
ap
p
ly
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
ti
o
n
s
2
.
1
an
d
2
.
2
,
an
d
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
f
d
=
μ
[
fol
l
ow
in
g
c
ount
,
r
e
tw
e
e
ts
s
e
n
t
,
me
n
tion
s
s
e
n
t
]
(
1
)
f
r
=
μ
[
fol
l
ow
e
r
c
ount
,
r
e
t
we
e
t
s
r
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c
e
ive
d
,
me
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s
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e
i
ve
d
]
(
2
)
T
r
u
s
t
is
a
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
b
elief
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is
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n
s
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e
d
as
a
r
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n
d
o
m
v
ar
ia
b
le
as
0
≤
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≤
1
.
Usi
n
g
b
a
y
e’
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th
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r
em
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u
s
er
τ
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co
m
p
u
ted
as
:
f
(
τ
,
f
r
f
d
⁄
)
=
∏
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
f
(
τ
,
f
r
)
∫
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
f
(
τ
,
f
r
)
d
τ
1
0
(
3
)
Her
e
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
L
ik
elih
o
o
d
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
wn
as
a
b
in
o
m
ial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
=
(
f
r
f
d
)
τ
f
d
(
1
−
τ
)
f
r
−
f
d
(
4
)
f
(
τ
,
f
r
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
p
r
io
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
wn
as a
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
:
B
e
ta
(
τ
;
α
,
β
)
=
τ
α
−
1
(
1
−
τ
)
β
−
1
∫
τ
α
−
1
(
1
−
τ
)
β
−
1
d
τ
1
0
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
α
>0
,
β> 0
.
T
h
en
,
f
(
τ
,
f
r
|
f
d
)
=
(
f
r
f
d
)
τ
α
+
f
d
−
1
(
1
−
τ
)
β
+
f
r
−
f
d
−
1
(
∫
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
f
(
τ
,
f
r
)
d
τ
1
0
)
(
∫
τ
α
−
1
(
1
−
τ
)
β
−
1
d
τ
1
0
)
(
6
)
I
n
(
6
)
,
f
(
τ
,
f
r
|
f
d
)
f
o
llo
ws a
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
u
ch
as
,
f
(
τ
,
f
r
|
f
d
)
≅
B
e
ta
(
α
+
f
d
,
β
+
f
r
−
f
d
)
(
7
)
T
h
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
:
E
[
τ
]
=
α
α
+
β
(
8
)
I
n
(
8
)
,
th
e
b
eta
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
ely
as
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
7
0
-
20
78
2074
α
n
=
α
n
−
1
+
f
d
(
9
)
β
n
=
β
n
−
1
+
f
r
n
−
1
−
f
d
(
1
0
)
I
n
itially
,
a
n
ew
u
s
er
is
with
n
o
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tati
o
n
s
.
Hen
ce
α
0
=
β
0
=
1
an
d
h
is
tr
u
s
t
is
0
.
5
,
b
u
t
o
v
er
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
tim
e
h
is
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
is
ch
an
g
ed
an
d
r
a
ted
as in
(
1
1
)
iter
ativ
ely
.
E
n
[
τ
]
=
α
n
α
n
+
β
n
(
1
1
)
2
.
4
.
User
ind
irec
t
t
rus
t
co
mp
uta
t
io
n
I
f
a
u
s
er
is
n
o
t
in
d
ir
ec
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
t
h
en
h
is
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
es
s
is
co
m
p
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
m
o
n
f
r
ien
d
s
.
B
u
t
co
m
m
o
n
f
r
ien
d
’
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
,
th
ey
m
ay
g
iv
e
b
iased
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
.
Usi
n
g
tr
u
s
t
tr
an
s
itiv
e
r
u
le,
a
u
s
er
in
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
is
co
m
p
u
ted
.
τ
ij
is
th
e
us
e
r
−
i
tr
u
s
t
o
n
us
e
r
−
j
an
d
τ
jk
i
s
th
e
us
e
r
−
j
tr
u
s
t o
n
us
e
r
−
k
th
en
us
e
r
−
i
tr
u
s
t o
n
us
e
r
−
k
is
co
m
p
u
ted
as
:
=
×
(
1
2
)
2
.
5
.
Wo
r
k
ing
o
f
T
E
O
SN
I
n
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
1
,
f
i
r
s
t
t
h
e
p
a
i
r
o
f
u
s
e
r
s
i
.
e
(
,
)
a
r
e
v
e
r
i
f
i
e
d
,
w
h
e
th
e
r
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
u
s
e
r
s
o
r
n
o
t
.
I
f
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
u
s
e
r
s
,
d
i
r
e
ct
t
r
u
s
t
is
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
t
e
p
1
t
o
9
.
E
l
s
e
i
n
d
i
r
ec
t
t
r
u
s
t
is
c
o
m
p
u
t
ed
i
n
s
t
e
p
10.
I
n
s
tep
3
an
d
4
,
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
v
alu
es
o
f
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
.
I
n
s
tep
6
,
lik
ely
wo
o
d
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
b
in
o
m
ial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
I
n
s
tep
7
,
p
r
io
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
llo
we
r
’s
b
eta
d
is
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
.
I
n
s
tep
9
,
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
is
co
m
p
u
ted
as
a
n
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
I
n
s
tep
1
0
,
u
s
er
in
d
ir
ec
t tr
u
s
t is co
m
p
u
ted
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
_
T
E
O
SN (
τ
)
{
//
τ
is the
u
i
′
s
trust of user
u
j
If (
dir
e
c
t
(
u
i
,
u
j
)
)
{
// if
u
i
,
u
j
are in direct interaction, then compute
τ
as a direct trust
1.
u
i
,
ob
se
rv
es
u
j
in
te
rm
s
of
hi
s
ac
ti
vi
ti
es
li
ke
Fo
ll
ow
er
co
un
t
(
fr
c
),
re
tw
ee
ts
re
ce
iv
ed
(
tr
),
Me
nt
io
ns
re
ce
iv
ed
(
ms
),
followed
count
(
fd
c
),
re
tw
ee
ts
se
nt
(
ts
)
an
d
me
nt
io
ns
se
nt
(
ms
) and Computes trust
2.
u
i
Quantifies
the
u
j
′
s
tr
us
t
va
lu
es
as
tw
o
pa
ra
me
te
rs
li
ke
fo
ll
ow
er
fa
ct
or
-
f
r
,
fo
ll
ow
ed
factor
-
f
d
using fuzzy logic.
3.
μ
(
f
r
)
=
m
i
n
{
μ
(
fr
c
)
,
μ
(
tr
)
,
μ
(
mr
)
}
4.
μ
(
f
d
)
=
m
i
n
{
μ
(
fd
c
)
,
μ
(
ts
)
,
μ
(
ms
)
}
5.
Computes
the
trust
as
a
Bayesian
conditional
pr
obability
f
(
τ
,
f
r
|
f
d
)
as
a
co
mb
in
at
io
n
of
likely Wood
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
and prior probability
f
(
τ
,
f
r
)
6.
Where
P
(
f
d
τ
⁄
,
f
r
)
follows binomial distribution
7.
f
(
τ
,
f
r
)
Follows beta distribution
8.
Hence
f
(
τ
,
f
r
|
f
d
)
also follows a beta distribution with parameters
α
+
f
d
a
n
d
β
+
f
r
−
f
d
9.
Here expectation of beta distribution
E
n
[
τ
]
represents
u
i
direct trust on
u
j
.
}
else
{
// compute
τ
as a in direct trust using trust transitive rule
10.
If
τ
ik
is
a
us
er
-
i
tr
us
t
on
us
er
-
k
and
τ
kj
is
th
e
us
er
-
k
tr
us
t
on
us
er
-
j
th
en
a
us
er
-
i
trust on user
-
j
is computed as
τ
=
τ
ik
×
τ
kj
}
}
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
T
E
OS
N
is
r
u
n
o
n
T
witter
d
ata
s
et
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
its
s
ix
f
ea
tu
r
es
am
o
n
g
its
1
1
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
et
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
5
,
5
0
0
u
s
er
’
s
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
.
Her
e
u
s
er
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
t
r
u
s
t
is
ev
alu
ated
a
g
ain
s
t
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
n
etwo
r
k
s
izes
f
r
o
m
[
0
.
5
k
,
5
.
5
k
]
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
T
E
OSN
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
o
v
er
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
m
o
le
[
2
5
]
an
d
tid
al
[
2
6
]
.
Fo
r
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
as
s
ess
m
en
t,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Tr
u
s
t e
va
lu
a
tio
n
in
o
n
li
n
e
s
o
cia
l n
etw
o
r
ks fo
r
s
ec
u
r
ed
u
s
er i
n
tera
ctio
n
s
(
A
n
ith
a
Ya
r
a
v
a
)
2075
an
d
p
ea
r
s
o
n
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t
(
PC
C
)
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
Fo
r
in
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
ass
ess
m
en
t,
R
MSE
(
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
)
m
etr
ic
is
u
s
ed
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
u
s
er
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
is
ass
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
tr
u
s
t
is
v
er
if
ied
o
v
er
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
s
er
s
in
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
th
e
g
r
ap
h
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
wit
h
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
s
e
r
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
s
ize
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
en
u
s
er
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
e
d
p
r
ec
is
ely
a
n
d
th
e
n
h
is
tr
u
s
t
is
esti
m
ated
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
T
E
OSN
wit
h
m
o
r
e
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
f
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ities
ca
n
ju
d
g
e
h
im
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
;
h
en
ce
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
u
s
er
co
m
p
u
ted
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
es
ar
e
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
with
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
es.
PC
C
is
s
tatis
tical
m
etr
ic
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
ac
tu
al
an
d
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t v
alu
es.
I
t is f
o
r
m
u
lat
ed
as in
(
1
3
)
.
=
∑
(
−
̅
)
(
−
̅
)
=
1
√
∑
(
−
̅
)
2
=
1
√
∑
(
−
̅
)
2
=
1
(
1
3
)
Her
e
an
d
ar
e
−
ac
tu
al
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
ted
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
̅
an
d
̅
ar
e
u
s
er
s
ac
tu
al
an
d
co
m
p
u
ted
m
ea
n
t
r
u
s
t
v
alu
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
PC
C
v
alu
es
ar
e
in
th
e
in
te
r
v
al
[
-
1
+1
]
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
v
alu
es
clo
s
er
to
+1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
g
o
o
d
c
o
r
r
ela
tio
n
.
I
n
th
e
F
ig
u
r
e
3
PC
C
v
alu
es
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
a
g
ain
s
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
.
W
h
en
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
T
E
OSN
ca
n
d
er
iv
e
th
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
e
a
n
d
h
en
ce
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
PC
C
v
alu
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
v
s
t
r
u
s
t
ac
cu
r
ac
y
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
v
s
PC
C
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
tr
u
s
t
m
eth
o
d
s
is
esti
m
ated
with
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
ca
lled
th
e
R
MSE
an
d
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as in
(
1
4
)
.
=
√
∑
(
−
)
2
=
1
(
1
4
)
Her
e
an
d
ar
e
−
ac
tu
al
an
d
co
m
p
u
ted
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
,
a
u
s
er
w
h
o
i
s
3
-
hop
awa
y
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
ev
alu
ato
r
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
.
T
o
ass
ess
h
im
th
e
ev
alu
ato
r
h
as
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
u
s
er
s
i.e
co
m
m
o
n
f
r
ie
n
d
’
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
to
war
d
s
th
e
tar
g
et
u
s
er
.
B
u
t
m
ay
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
iase
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
h
en
ce
ac
cu
r
ac
y
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
with
a
g
r
ea
ter
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
T
E
OSN
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
o
th
er
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
lik
e
m
o
le
an
d
tid
al
tr
u
s
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic,
ca
n
co
n
s
id
er
all
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
an
d
esti
m
ate
th
e
tr
u
s
t v
al
u
e,
h
en
ce
it c
o
u
ld
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
less
er
r
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
v
er
o
t
h
er
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
,
a
u
s
er
at
4
-
h
o
p
a
way
d
is
tan
ce
is
ev
alu
ated
.
So
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
h
u
g
e
with
m
illi
o
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
;
h
en
ce
a
u
s
er
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
ch
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
tr
u
s
t
p
ath
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
tr
u
s
t
lev
els.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
tr
u
s
t
tr
an
s
itiv
e
r
u
le,
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
lo
s
s
is
m
o
r
e
wh
en
t
h
e
u
s
er
is
at
in
cr
ea
s
ed
h
o
p
s
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
I
n
ab
o
v
e
g
r
ap
h
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
T
E
OSN
ca
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
t
h
is
tr
u
s
t
leak
ag
e
alo
n
g
th
e
p
ath
to
war
d
s
tar
g
et
u
s
er
b
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
m
u
tu
al
f
r
ien
d
’
s
b
eh
av
io
r
tim
e
to
tim
e.
Hen
c
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
co
u
ld
s
till
m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
etter
r
esu
lts
th
an
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
etwo
r
k
s
izes.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
7
0
-
20
78
2076
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
No
.
o
f
u
s
er
s
v
s
tr
u
s
t e
r
r
o
r
f
o
r
3
-
h
o
p
u
s
er
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
No
.
o
f
u
s
er
s
v
s
tr
u
s
t e
r
r
o
r
f
o
r
4
-
h
o
p
u
s
er
s
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
,
a
u
s
er
5
-
h
o
p
lev
e
l
tr
u
s
t
is
es
tim
ated
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
h
o
p
co
u
n
t
o
f
tar
g
et
u
s
er
.
Her
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
tr
u
s
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
ar
e
lik
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
at
h
s
,
tr
u
s
t
leak
a
g
e
an
d
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
lo
o
p
b
ac
k
p
ath
s
to
war
d
s
tar
g
et
u
s
er
.
Hen
ce
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
o
r
m
2
-
h
o
p
to
5
-
h
o
p
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
T
E
OSN,
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
attitu
d
e
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
alo
n
g
th
e
tar
g
et
u
s
er
.
Hen
ce
co
m
p
ar
at
iv
ely
T
E
OSN
co
u
ld
s
u
s
tain
it
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
e
r
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
,
t
r
u
s
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
leak
al
o
n
g
th
e
p
ath
to
war
d
s
tar
g
et
u
s
e
r
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
v
e
r
th
e
d
ata
s
et
o
f
1
1
,
0
0
0
u
s
er
r
e
co
r
d
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
p
ath
len
g
th
(
h
o
p
co
u
n
t)
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
b
iased
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
u
s
er
’
s
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
is
also
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
E
OSN
co
u
ld
m
in
im
ize
t
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lea
k
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
s
et
o
f
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les an
d
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Hen
ce
it o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
o
th
er
tr
u
s
t m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
No
.
o
f
u
s
er
s
v
s
tr
u
s
t e
r
r
o
r
f
o
r
5
-
h
o
p
u
s
er
s
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Path
len
g
th
o
f
u
s
er
s
v
s
tr
u
s
t in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lo
s
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
On
lin
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
v
e
r
y
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
t
p
l
a
tf
o
r
m
s
t
o
th
e
u
s
er
s
to
s
h
ar
e
th
eir
f
ee
lin
g
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
ts
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
o
th
er
p
eo
p
l
e.
Fo
r
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
,
it
is
a
g
o
o
d
m
ed
ia
t
o
d
o
p
u
b
licit
y
o
f
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
s
er
v
ices.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
th
er
e
is
th
r
ea
t
f
r
o
m
u
n
k
n
o
wn
u
s
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
an
d
a
o
f
th
eir
f
alse
n
ews
an
d
b
iased
r
atin
g
s
.
Hen
ce
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
u
n
k
n
o
wn
u
s
e
r
b
ef
o
r
e
f
o
llo
win
g
h
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
is
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
in
OSNs
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
T
E
OS
N
ca
teg
o
r
ies
th
e
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ities
in
to
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
as
f
o
llo
wer
f
ac
t
o
r
a
n
d
f
o
llo
wed
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
c
o
m
p
u
ted
b
y
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
an
d
th
e
n
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
B
ay
esian
an
d
b
eta
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
u
s
er
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
is
co
m
p
u
ted
.
Her
e
twitter
s
o
cial
n
et
wo
r
k
d
ata
s
et
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el.
W
ith
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
n
ess
o
f
th
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
E
OSN
i
s
al
s
o
b
e
s
ca
lab
le
to
o
th
er
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
F
ac
eb
o
o
k
a
n
d
I
n
s
tag
r
am
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Tr
u
s
t e
va
lu
a
tio
n
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o
n
li
n
e
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cia
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etw
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r
ks fo
r
s
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u
r
ed
u
s
er i
n
tera
ctio
n
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(
A
n
ith
a
Ya
r
a
v
a
)
2077
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NO
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DG
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th
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r
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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h
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ata
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av
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ttp
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le.
co
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/c/p
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wh
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is
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more
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etwo
r
k
/d
ata,
r
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e
r
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
[
2
4
]
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
K
h
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
L
e
e
,
“
I
mp
l
i
c
i
t
u
s
e
r
t
r
u
st
m
o
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e
l
i
n
g
b
a
s
e
d
o
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ser
a
t
t
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i
b
u
t
e
s
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
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o
r
i
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
so
c
i
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
”
I
EE
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
8
2
6
–
1
4
2
8
4
2
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
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