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d
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m
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h
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with
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m
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f
f
in
a
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[
1
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.
Fu
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v
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B
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th
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tex
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o
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m
ats
a
m
o
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
p
r
in
tin
g
f
u
ll
d
ata
o
n
th
e
in
v
o
ice,
m
u
ltip
le
p
iece
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
r
in
tin
g
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
s
ts
,
co
n
s
er
v
es
s
p
ac
e,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
s
h
ar
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
en
titi
es
s
u
ch
as
tax
au
th
o
r
ities
.
I
n
m
a
n
y
co
u
n
tr
ies,
tax
leg
is
latio
n
m
an
d
ates
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
wo
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
b
ar
co
d
es
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
as
p
ar
t
o
f
tax
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
m
in
th
ese
in
v
o
ices.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
Sau
d
i
Ar
a
b
ia,
th
e
Gen
er
al
Au
th
o
r
ity
o
f
Z
ak
at
a
n
d
T
ax
[
2
]
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
b
ar
c
o
d
e
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
ta
x
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
an
d
ac
h
iev
in
g
leg
al
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
b
ar
co
d
es
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
v
ital
s
tep
to
war
d
s
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
th
e
f
in
an
cial
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
in
v
o
ice
tr
a
ck
in
g
a
n
d
q
u
ick
ly
id
en
tify
in
g
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
t
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
ec
o
n
o
m
y
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
f
in
an
cial
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
is
ev
id
e
n
t
in
its
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
i
n
f
i
n
an
cial
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
c
h
as
h
u
m
an
er
r
o
r
s
,
p
r
in
tin
g
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
s
ts
,
an
d
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
co
m
b
atin
g
th
e
s
h
a
d
o
w
ec
o
n
o
m
y
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
ta
x
co
m
p
lian
ce
p
er
s
is
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
alle
n
g
es
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
QR
)
co
d
es
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
c
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
QR
co
d
es
lies
in
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
in
v
o
ice
ac
cu
r
ac
y
b
y
in
clu
d
in
g
ess
en
tial
d
ata
s
u
ch
as
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
n
am
e,
s
eller
'
s
v
alu
e
ad
d
ed
tax
(
VAT
)
n
u
m
b
er
,
d
ate
an
d
tim
e,
an
d
to
tal
p
r
ice.
T
h
ese
QR
co
d
es
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
Gen
er
al
Au
th
o
r
ity
o
f
Z
a
k
at
a
n
d
T
a
x
in
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia,
t
h
er
eb
y
e
n
h
an
cin
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
o
f
in
v
o
icin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
R
esear
ch
o
n
d
ig
ital
in
v
o
ici
n
g
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
its
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
f
in
an
cial
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Ah
m
ad
et
a
l.
,
[
5
]
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
e
als
th
at
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
s
ts
r
e
lated
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
d
u
p
licate
p
ay
m
en
ts
,
wh
ile
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ca
s
h
f
l
o
w
an
d
wo
r
k
in
g
ca
p
ital
th
r
o
u
g
h
ea
r
ly
-
p
ay
m
en
t
d
is
co
u
n
ts
.
Gar
b
a
et
a
l.
,
[
6
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
to
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
,
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
it
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Her
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
’
s
p
o
ten
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
i
n
v
o
icin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
a
d
o
p
tio
n
c
h
allen
g
es
r
em
ain
.
B
ello
n
et
a
l.
,
[
7
]
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
o
n
ta
x
co
m
p
lian
ce
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
Per
u
,
f
in
d
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
ep
o
r
te
d
s
ales
an
d
VAT
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
.
His
r
esea
r
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
im
p
r
o
v
es
co
m
p
lian
ce
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
s
ts
,
alth
o
u
g
h
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
ef
o
r
m
s
m
ay
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
L
ee
et
a
l.
,
[
8
]
r
esear
ch
ass
ess
es
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
'
s
m
an
d
ato
r
y
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ta
x
in
v
o
ices,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
eir
s
u
cc
ess
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
co
s
ts
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
.
Ad
o
p
tio
n
r
ates
s
o
ar
ed
f
r
o
m
1
5
%
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
a
n
d
at
e
to
9
9
.
9
%
b
y
2
0
1
3
,
with
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
ta
x
p
ay
er
s
er
v
ices
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
tax
ev
asio
n
.
Ma
r
q
u
es
an
d
R
eis
[
9
]
d
is
cu
s
s
es
Po
r
tu
g
al’
s
leg
is
lativ
e
ch
an
g
es
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
QR
c
o
d
es
o
n
in
v
o
ices.
His
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
QR
co
d
es
in
v
er
if
y
in
g
an
d
s
tr
ea
m
lin
in
g
th
e
in
v
o
icin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ef
f
ici
en
cy
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
b
en
ef
its
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
i
n
v
o
icin
g
an
d
Q
R
co
d
es
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
in
an
cial
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
Du
e
to
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
,
m
an
y
co
u
n
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia,
h
av
e
m
o
v
ed
to
war
d
s
ad
o
p
tin
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
r
in
tin
g
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
c
o
s
ts
an
d
ac
h
i
ev
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tax
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
d
ev
el
o
p
a
QR
co
d
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
e
lectr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
th
at
c
o
m
p
l
ies
with
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
za
k
at
an
d
tax
au
th
o
r
ity
in
Sau
d
i A
r
ab
ia.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
n
QR
co
d
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
en
c
o
d
in
g
.
Sectio
n
3
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
in
Sau
d
i
Ar
a
b
ia,
d
etailin
g
b
o
th
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
an
d
p
r
ac
t
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
em
p
l
o
y
ed
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
an
d
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
c
o
n
clu
d
es
th
e
p
a
p
er
b
y
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
eir
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
an
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
en
h
an
ci
n
g
f
in
an
cial
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
ig
ital tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
98
0
-
1
9
89
1982
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
2
.
1
.
Q
R
c
o
de
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
T
h
e
QR
co
d
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
n
ef
f
icien
t
ty
p
e
o
f
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
b
ar
co
d
e,
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
J
ap
an
in
1
9
9
4
b
y
Den
s
o
W
av
e
C
o
m
p
an
y
.
T
h
e
QR
c
o
d
e
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
its
ab
ilit
y
t
o
s
to
r
e
d
ata
i
n
a
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
o
r
m
at,
m
ea
n
in
g
it
ca
n
s
to
r
e
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
tr
ad
itio
n
al
lin
ea
r
b
ar
co
d
es.
T
h
e
QR
co
d
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
b
lack
an
d
wh
ite
s
q
u
a
r
es
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
a
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
e
cted
to
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
co
d
e
co
n
tain
s
f
in
d
er
p
atter
n
s
,
wh
ich
h
elp
l
o
ca
te
th
e
co
d
e
an
d
g
u
id
e
th
e
r
ea
d
er
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
QR
co
d
e
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
as
it
is
ea
s
y
to
g
en
er
ate
an
d
q
u
ick
ly
r
ea
d
ab
le
b
y
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es.
I
t
c
an
en
co
d
e
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
u
p
to
m
o
r
e
th
an
4
,
0
0
0
ch
ar
ac
te
r
s
[
1
0
]
,
m
ak
in
g
it
p
o
p
u
lar
in
m
an
y
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
in
d
aily
life
.
QR
co
d
es
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
em
b
ed
d
in
g
web
ad
d
r
ess
es
in
s
id
e
QR
co
d
es,
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
to
q
u
ic
k
ly
ac
ce
s
s
we
b
s
ites
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es,
s
to
r
in
g
co
n
tact
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
n
a
m
es,
p
h
o
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
an
d
em
ail
a
d
d
r
ess
es
in
s
id
e
QR
co
d
es,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
co
m
p
a
n
ies
s
u
ch
as
p
r
ices,
in
v
en
to
r
y
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
an
d
tech
n
ical
d
etails,
as we
ll a
s
co
n
v
er
tin
g
s
h
o
r
t te
x
ts
s
u
ch
as e
m
ails
an
d
t
ex
t m
ess
ag
es.
QR
co
d
es
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
d
b
y
m
o
s
t
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
an
d
web
c
am
s
in
web
b
r
o
wser
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
QR
co
d
es
ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
i
n
4
0
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
an
d
4
s
elec
tab
le
er
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
lev
els:
L
,
M
,
Q,
a
n
d
H,
wh
e
r
e
th
ese
lev
els
ca
n
co
r
r
ec
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
er
r
o
r
r
ates
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
a
n
s
f
er
[
1
1
]
.
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ately
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
QR
co
d
es
b
y
r
ely
in
g
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
es
an
d
th
e
av
ailab
le
lib
r
ar
i
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
m
eth
o
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ic
h
QR
co
d
es c
an
b
e
g
en
er
ate
d
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
a)
Utilizin
g
s
p
ec
ialized
lib
r
ar
ies:
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
lib
r
ar
ies
av
ailab
le
in
p
o
p
u
la
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
es
s
u
ch
as
Py
th
o
n
,
J
av
a,
C
#
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
,
wh
ic
h
en
a
b
le
y
o
u
t
o
g
en
e
r
ate
QR
co
d
es
ea
s
ily
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
.
L
ib
r
ar
ies
lik
e
Z
Xin
g
[
1
2
]
f
o
r
J
av
a
an
d
Py
th
o
n
,
an
d
QR
co
d
e
[
1
3
]
f
o
r
Py
th
o
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
es
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
QR
co
d
es.
T
h
e
QR
co
d
e
lib
r
ar
y
is
lig
h
tweig
h
t
an
d
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
,
allo
win
g
y
o
u
t
o
g
en
er
ate
QR
co
d
es
q
u
ick
ly
wh
ile
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
g
r
ea
t
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
in
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
.
T
h
ese
lib
r
ar
ies
r
ely
o
n
a
d
v
an
ce
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
g
en
e
r
atin
g
QR
co
d
es,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
c
u
s
to
m
izin
g
th
e
c
o
d
e
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
y
o
u
r
n
ee
d
s
.
Yo
u
ca
n
s
p
ec
if
y
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
ch
as
s
ize,
co
lo
r
s
,
alter
n
ativ
e
tex
t,
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
lev
el
,
an
d
m
o
r
e,
to
in
clu
d
e
y
o
u
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
a
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
t m
an
n
e
r
t
h
at
m
ee
ts
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
y
o
u
r
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
b)
Usi
n
g
web
s
er
v
ices:
th
er
e
ar
e
o
n
lin
e
s
er
v
ices
th
at
allo
w
y
o
u
to
g
en
er
ate
QR
co
d
es
with
o
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
wr
ite
th
e
co
d
e
y
o
u
r
s
elf
.
Yo
u
ca
n
u
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
es
(
API
s
)
f
o
r
th
ese
s
er
v
ices
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
QR
co
d
e
g
en
er
ati
o
n
in
to
y
o
u
r
ap
p
licatio
n
o
r
w
eb
s
ite.
Ma
n
y
web
s
er
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
e
API
s
f
o
r
ea
s
ily
g
en
er
atin
g
QR
co
d
es.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
s
er
v
ices,
Go
o
g
l
e
C
h
ar
ts
[
1
4
]
an
d
QR
co
d
e
g
en
er
ato
r
API
[
1
5
]
ar
e
f
am
o
u
s
ex
am
p
les.
T
h
ese
s
er
v
ices
r
ely
o
n
th
e
cl
o
u
d
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
c
o
d
es,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
y
o
u
d
o
n
'
t
n
ee
d
to
in
s
tall
o
r
m
an
a
g
e
an
y
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e.
Simp
l
y
p
u
t,
y
o
u
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
ese
s
er
v
ices
o
n
lin
e
a
n
d
u
s
e
t
h
em
to
g
en
er
ate
QR
co
d
es
ea
s
ily
wi
th
o
u
t
n
ee
d
in
g
to
wr
ite
th
e
c
o
d
e
y
o
u
r
s
elf
.
T
h
is
s
av
es
tim
e
an
d
ef
f
o
r
t
a
n
d
allo
ws y
o
u
to
in
teg
r
ate
QR
co
d
es in
to
y
o
u
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
q
u
ic
k
ly
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
.
c)
Usi
n
g
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
o
f
twar
e:
th
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
m
o
b
il
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
av
ailab
le
o
n
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
th
at
allo
w
y
o
u
to
ea
s
ily
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ately
g
en
e
r
ate
QR
co
d
es.
Yo
u
ca
n
u
s
e
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
o
g
en
e
r
ate
co
d
es
an
d
s
h
ar
e
th
em
d
ir
ec
tly
o
r
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
t
h
em
in
to
y
o
u
r
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e
s
ca
n
n
e
r
is
a
f
am
o
u
s
ex
am
p
le.
I
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
s
im
p
le
an
d
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
in
p
u
ttin
g
d
ata
an
d
g
e
n
er
atin
g
QR
co
d
e
s
b
ased
o
n
it.
User
s
s
im
p
ly
i
n
p
u
t
t
h
e
d
ata
th
ey
wan
t
to
in
clu
d
e
in
th
e
QR
co
d
e,
an
d
th
e
co
d
e
is
g
en
er
at
ed
in
s
tan
tly
.
T
h
is
ap
p
licatio
n
is
an
ea
s
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
way
t
o
g
en
er
ate
QR
co
d
es
in
s
tan
tly
,
m
ak
in
g
it
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
co
m
p
an
ies
alik
e
to
in
clu
d
e
v
ar
io
u
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
QR
co
d
es a
n
d
s
h
ar
e
th
em
ea
s
ily
[
1
6
]
.
d)
Usi
n
g
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
:
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
er
v
ices
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
QR
co
d
e
g
en
er
atio
n
at
th
e
s
er
v
er
lev
el
in
s
tead
o
f
d
o
in
g
it
o
n
y
o
u
r
d
e
v
ice.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
if
y
o
u
m
a
n
ag
e
a
lar
g
e
-
s
c
ale
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
g
en
e
r
atin
g
lar
g
e
q
u
an
titi
es
o
f
QR
co
d
es
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
.
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
er
v
ices
s
u
ch
as
Am
az
o
n
web
s
er
v
ices
(
AW
S)
[
1
7
]
o
r
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
Azu
r
e
[
1
8
]
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
ex
ec
u
te
QR
co
d
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
at
th
e
s
er
v
er
lev
el.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
co
d
es
ca
n
b
e
g
en
e
r
ated
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
in
s
tall
o
r
m
an
ag
e
an
y
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ea
s
e
in
g
e
n
er
atin
g
QR
co
d
es,
allo
win
g
y
o
u
to
e
f
f
icien
tly
an
d
r
eliab
ly
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
y
o
u
r
ap
p
licatio
n
.
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
is
an
id
ea
l
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
t
a
n
d
in
ten
s
iv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
g
e
n
er
ate
QR
co
d
es
in
lar
g
e
q
u
an
titi
es o
r
in
r
ea
l tim
e
.
W
h
en
u
s
in
g
an
y
o
f
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
,
it'
s
cr
u
cial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
y
o
u
r
QR
co
d
e
g
en
er
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
en
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
en
cr
y
p
tin
g
d
ata
b
e
f
o
r
e
c
r
ea
tin
g
th
e
QR
co
d
e.
E
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
s
ec
u
r
e
th
e
d
ata
a
n
d
p
r
o
tect
it
f
r
o
m
t
am
p
er
in
g
,
an
d
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
a
cc
ess
,
an
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
its
in
teg
r
ity
d
u
r
i
n
g
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
.
E
n
co
d
in
g
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Qu
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
co
d
e
g
e
n
era
tio
n
fo
r
e
-
in
v
o
icin
g
in
S
a
u
d
i A
r
a
b
ia
(
A
b
d
elra
z
ek
Wa
h
b
a
S
a
ye
d
)
1983
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
in
to
a
f
o
r
m
at
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
r
ea
d
an
d
u
s
ed
in
QR
co
d
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
B
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
y
o
u
a
d
d
lay
er
s
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
to
y
o
u
r
d
ata,
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
r
esis
tan
t
to
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
tam
p
er
in
g
[
1
9
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
en
c
o
d
in
g
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
d
ata
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
a
f
o
r
m
at
th
at
is
co
m
p
atib
le
with
QR
co
d
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ac
cu
r
ately
in
ter
p
r
eted
b
y
s
ca
n
n
in
g
d
e
v
ices.
Ultim
ately
,
b
o
th
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
en
c
o
d
in
g
p
lay
ess
en
tial
r
o
les
in
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ity
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
y
o
u
r
QR
co
d
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
t
h
ey
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
er
v
e
th
eir
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
it
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
el
y
an
d
r
eliab
ly
.
2
.
2
.
E
ncry
ptio
n
E
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
its
o
r
ig
in
al
f
o
r
m
i
n
to
a
n
o
th
e
r
f
o
r
m
th
at
is
u
n
r
ea
d
a
b
le
o
r
u
n
in
tellig
ib
le
ex
ce
p
t b
y
au
th
o
r
ized
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
o
r
d
ev
ices,
ac
h
iev
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
is
to
p
r
o
tect
d
ata
f
r
o
m
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
an
d
it
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
clu
d
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
,
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e,
o
n
lin
e
f
in
a
n
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
cy
b
er
-
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
g
en
er
al.
E
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
is
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
k
ey
(
o
r
a
s
et
o
f
k
ey
s
)
t
o
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
ata
in
to
an
en
c
r
y
p
ted
f
o
r
m
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
es o
f
e
n
c
r
y
p
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
v
ar
y
in
g
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
lev
el,
s
tr
en
g
th
,
an
d
u
s
ag
e:
a)
Sy
m
m
etr
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
:
in
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
e
n
cr
y
p
ti
o
n
,
th
e
s
am
e
k
ey
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
o
th
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
So
m
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
clu
d
e
t
r
ip
le
DE
S
(
d
ata
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
,
B
lo
wf
is
h
,
T
wo
f
is
h
,
C
am
ellia,
R
C
4
(
R
iv
est
C
ip
h
er
4
)
,
C
h
aCh
a2
0
,
an
d
AE
S
(
ad
v
an
ce
d
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
)
[
2
1
]
.
b)
Asy
m
m
etr
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
:
also
k
n
o
wn
as
p
u
b
lic
-
k
ey
en
c
r
y
p
ti
o
n
,
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
u
tili
ze
s
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
ey
s
:
a
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
f
o
r
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
an
d
a
p
r
iv
ate
k
e
y
f
o
r
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
.
W
ell
-
k
n
o
wn
asy
m
m
e
tr
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
clu
d
e
R
SA (
R
iv
e
s
t
-
Sh
am
ir
-
Ad
lem
an
)
an
d
E
C
C
(
ellip
tic
cu
r
v
e
c
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
)
[
2
2
]
.
c)
On
e
-
tim
e
p
ad
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
[
2
3
]
:
t
h
is
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
r
elies
o
n
u
s
in
g
a
k
ey
th
at
is
u
s
ed
o
n
ly
o
n
ce
,
an
d
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
th
e
s
am
e
len
g
th
as
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
tex
t.
On
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
th
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
is
th
e
Ver
n
am
C
ip
h
er
o
r
th
e
one
-
tim
e
p
ad
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
.
d)
Hash
in
g
:
in
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
d
ata
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
a
f
ix
ed
-
l
en
g
th
s
tr
in
g
ca
lled
a
h
ash
,
w
h
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
d
ata
a
n
d
d
etec
t
a
n
y
ch
a
n
g
es.
C
o
m
m
o
n
h
ash
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
cl
u
d
e
SHA
(
s
ec
u
r
e
h
ash
alg
o
r
ith
m
)
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
io
u
s
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
en
co
d
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
tect
d
ata
f
r
o
m
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
b
ef
o
r
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
th
em
i
n
to
QR
co
d
e
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
i
n
teg
r
ity
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
an
d
s
to
r
a
g
e.
2
.
3
.
E
nco
din
g
E
n
co
d
in
g
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
f
o
r
m
at
to
an
o
th
e
r
i
n
a
m
an
n
er
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ates
it
s
s
to
r
ag
e
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
with
o
u
t
lo
s
in
g
its
o
r
i
g
in
al
m
ea
n
in
g
.
I
ts
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
ata
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
o
r
m
at
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
in
ter
p
r
eted
o
r
u
tili
ze
d
,
o
f
ten
tailo
r
ed
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
n
etwo
r
k
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
r
d
a
tab
ase
s
to
r
ag
e
[
2
5
]
.
E
n
co
d
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
p
lay
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
d
ata
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
o
m
ain
s
.
B
ase2
en
co
d
in
g
,
r
e
ly
in
g
o
n
b
in
ar
y
d
ig
its
0
an
d
1
,
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
wh
ile
B
ase1
6
en
co
d
in
g
em
p
lo
y
s
h
ex
ad
ec
im
al
d
ig
its
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
ata,
w
i
d
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
co
m
p
u
t
er
s
c
ie
n
c
e
an
d
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
e
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
.
B
a
s
e
6
4
e
n
co
d
in
g
co
n
v
e
r
t
s
b
i
n
ar
y
d
a
t
a
i
n
to
a
t
e
x
t
f
o
r
m
a
t
u
s
in
g
a
lp
h
a
n
u
m
e
r
i
c
ch
a
r
ac
t
e
r
s
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
,
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
in
g
s
e
cu
r
e
d
a
ta
t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
[
2
6
]
.
B
ase5
8
en
co
d
in
g
,
s
im
ilar
t
o
B
ase6
4
b
u
t
ex
clu
d
i
n
g
c
er
tain
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
,
f
in
d
s
ap
p
licatio
n
in
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
s
y
s
tem
s
lik
e
B
itco
in
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
clar
ity
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
in
d
ata
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
[
2
7
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
B
ase3
2
en
co
d
in
g
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
B
ase6
4
,
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
wh
e
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t.
B
ase8
5
en
co
d
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
s
d
ata
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
m
a
k
in
g
it a
p
r
e
f
er
r
e
d
ch
o
ice
i
n
v
ar
i
o
u
s
d
ata
-
in
ten
s
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
8
]
.
Un
if
o
r
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
lo
ca
to
r
(
UR
L
)
en
co
d
in
g
,
ess
en
tial f
o
r
web
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
es d
ata
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
UR
L
s
b
y
r
ep
lacin
g
u
n
s
af
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
with
p
er
ce
p
t
-
en
c
o
d
ed
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
.
Am
er
ican
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
d
e
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
ter
ch
a
n
g
e
(
ASC
I
I
)
en
c
o
d
in
g
r
ep
r
esen
ts
d
ata
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
Am
e
r
ican
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
et,
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
leg
ac
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
Mu
ltip
u
r
p
o
s
e
in
ter
n
et
m
ail
ex
ten
s
io
n
s
(
MI
ME
)
en
co
d
in
g
en
ab
les
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
ASC
I
I
ch
ar
ac
te
r
s
in
e
m
ail
m
ess
ag
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
in
te
r
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t e
m
ail
clien
ts
.
J
SON
web
to
k
en
s
(
J
W
T
)
[
2
9
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
ec
u
r
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
web
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d
ap
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licatio
n
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n
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ts
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m
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tili
ze
d
f
o
r
au
th
en
ticatio
n
an
d
au
th
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izatio
n
.
Un
ico
d
e
en
co
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ch
a
r
ac
ter
s
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
ls
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
lan
g
u
ag
es
an
d
cu
ltu
r
es
wo
r
ld
wid
e,
en
s
u
r
in
g
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
UT
F
-
8
an
d
UT
F
-
1
6
en
co
d
in
g
s
ef
f
icien
tly
r
ep
r
esen
t
Un
ico
d
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
,
ca
ter
in
g
to
d
iv
er
s
e
te
x
t
en
co
d
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
web
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
[
3
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
98
0
-
1
9
89
1984
3.
E
-
I
NVO
I
CING
R
E
Q
UIR
E
M
E
N
T
S
I
N
SAU
DI ARA
B
I
A
Mo
d
er
n
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
f
in
a
n
ci
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
th
e
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia
r
e
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
,
wh
ich
m
u
s
t c
o
m
p
ly
with
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
r
e
g
u
latio
n
s
s
et
b
y
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
au
t
h
o
r
ity
o
f
za
k
at
an
d
in
co
m
e
tax
in
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
ese
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
s
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
leg
al,
tech
n
i
ca
l,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
f
o
ll
o
wed
to
u
s
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
i
n
v
o
ic
es
leg
ally
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
s
y
s
tem
aim
s
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
is
s
u
in
g
p
ap
er
in
v
o
ices
an
d
n
o
t
i
f
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
to
a
n
e
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
t
h
a
t
a
l
lo
w
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
r
ex
c
h
an
g
e
b
e
t
w
e
en
t
h
e
s
e
l
l
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
u
y
e
r
in
a
n
i
n
teg
r
a
t
ed
e
l
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
f
o
r
m
a
t.
T
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
a
t
io
n
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
in
v
o
i
c
in
g
i
n
S
au
d
i A
r
a
b
i
a
o
c
cu
r
s
in
t
wo
s
t
a
g
e
s
[
3
2
]
:
a)
Ph
ase
o
n
e
-
is
s
u
an
ce
s
tag
e:
i
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
i
n
v
o
icin
g
r
e
g
u
latio
n
s
m
u
s
t
cr
ea
te
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
an
d
n
o
tes
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
was
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
Dec
em
b
e
r
4
,
2
0
2
1
.
b)
Ph
ase
two
-
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
lin
k
in
g
s
tag
e:
th
is
s
tag
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
y
s
tem
s
with
th
e
au
th
o
r
ity
'
s
s
y
s
tem
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
p
ec
if
ied
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tag
e
b
eg
in
s
o
n
J
an
u
ar
y
1
,
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
tep
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
aim
ed
at
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
leg
a
l a
n
d
tech
n
ical
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
in
th
e
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
Sau
d
i A
r
ab
ia:
a)
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices le
g
ally
.
b)
E
lectr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices m
u
s
t b
e
ar
ch
iv
ed
,
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
tax
r
e
p
o
r
ts
m
u
s
t b
e
s
u
b
m
itted
.
c)
E
lectr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices a
r
e
u
p
d
ated
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
leg
a
l r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
d)
T
ec
h
n
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t b
e
a
b
le
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
th
e
API
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
ity
.
e)
QR
co
d
es a
r
e
ad
d
ed
t
o
s
im
p
lif
ied
tax
in
v
o
ices.
f)
L
eg
al
co
m
p
a
n
ies
an
d
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
m
ain
tain
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
co
p
ies
o
f
i
n
v
o
ices
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
p
er
i
o
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
lo
ca
l le
g
is
latio
n
.
g)
E
lectr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
m
u
s
t
co
m
p
ly
with
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
r
eg
u
lati
o
n
s
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
th
e
g
en
er
al
a
u
th
o
r
ity
o
f
za
k
at
an
d
in
co
m
e
ta
x
in
Sau
d
i A
r
ab
i
a.
h)
I
n
v
o
ices m
u
s
t c
o
m
p
ly
with
th
e
tax
m
o
d
el
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
ity
.
E
v
er
y
r
esid
en
t
in
th
e
Kin
g
d
o
m
an
d
ev
e
r
y
p
er
m
an
en
t
esta
b
lis
h
m
en
t
f
o
r
a
n
o
n
-
r
esid
en
t
in
d
iv
id
u
al
m
u
s
t w
ith
h
o
ld
tax
f
r
o
m
am
o
u
n
ts
p
aid
to
n
o
n
-
r
esid
en
ts
f
o
r
th
eir
in
co
m
e
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
o
u
r
ce
in
th
e
Kin
g
d
o
m
b
y
th
e
r
ates
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
th
e
i
n
co
m
e
tax
law
an
d
it'
s
ex
ec
u
tiv
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
[
3
3
]
.
An
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
ca
n
tam
p
er
with
th
e
in
v
o
ice
an
d
QR
co
d
e
an
d
u
s
e
an
o
th
er
co
m
p
an
y
'
s
n
am
e
to
im
p
ly
th
at
t
h
ey
m
ad
e
t
h
e
p
u
r
ch
ase,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
r
o
f
its
an
d
tax
p
aid
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
e
n
a
m
e,
th
e
Sau
d
i
s
y
s
tem
[
3
4
]
h
as
d
ec
id
e
d
to
p
r
o
tect
it
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
c
o
m
p
eten
t
a
u
th
o
r
ities
to
p
r
o
h
ib
it
its
u
s
e
o
r
d
elete
it
if
u
s
ed
i
n
v
io
latio
n
o
f
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
with
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
if
ju
s
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
also
i
m
p
o
s
es
a
f
in
an
cial
p
en
alty
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
is
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
e
n
am
e,
with
th
e
p
e
n
alty
d
o
u
b
lin
g
f
o
r
r
e
p
ea
t
o
f
f
en
s
es,
w
ith
o
u
t
p
r
eju
d
ice
to
an
y
s
tr
icter
p
en
alties
s
tip
u
lated
in
an
o
th
e
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
te
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
a
d
e
n
am
e
is
lim
ited
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
an
d
p
lace
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
an
d
p
r
e
v
en
t
tam
p
er
in
g
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
in
clu
d
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
to
d
etec
t a
n
y
attem
p
ts
to
m
an
ip
u
late
in
v
o
ices a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
t a
n
y
alter
ati
o
n
o
r
f
o
r
g
er
y
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
o
n
tain
ed
th
er
ein
.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
also
p
r
ev
en
t
t
h
e
alter
atio
n
o
f
tim
e
o
r
d
ate
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ices
in
a
wa
y
th
at
c
o
u
ld
m
is
lead
o
r
in
p
u
t
f
alse
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
to
r
esu
ltin
g
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
ad
d
itio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
with
leg
al
an
d
tech
n
ical
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
3
.
1
.
E
lect
ro
nic inv
o
icing
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
s
tep
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
aim
ed
at
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
le
g
al
an
d
tech
n
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
th
e
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
Sau
d
i
Ar
a
b
ia.
As
d
ep
icte
d
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
s
im
p
lifie
d
ta
x
in
v
o
ice
f
o
r
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t c
o
n
tain
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
elem
e
n
ts
[
3
5
]
:
a)
I
n
v
o
ice
n
u
m
b
e
r
an
d
d
ate.
b)
Deta
ils
o
f
th
e
is
s
u
in
g
co
m
p
an
y
in
clu
d
in
g
its
n
am
e,
ad
d
r
ess
,
an
d
1
5
-
d
ig
it tax
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
n
u
m
b
er
.
c)
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
etails
s
u
ch
as
to
tal
p
r
ice,
ta
x
v
alu
e,
u
n
it
p
r
ice,
q
u
an
tity
,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
n
am
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
d)
T
h
e
in
v
o
ice
s
h
o
u
ld
also
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
to
tal
am
o
u
n
t
with
o
u
t
tax
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
tax
,
an
d
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clu
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p
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t
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Kin
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d
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m
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f
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d
i
Ar
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ia
[
3
4
]
ca
n
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p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
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esian
J
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E
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g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Qu
ick
r
esp
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s
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ye
d
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1985
th
ey
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estab
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h
ed
,
with
o
u
t
u
s
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g
th
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n
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o
f
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atu
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al
p
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s
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h
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tr
ad
e
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am
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is
co
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id
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m
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a
s
y
m
b
o
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in
ec
o
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o
m
ic
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p
etitio
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T
h
e
s
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it
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f
1
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ig
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tain
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estab
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m
en
t
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ter
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eg
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tr
atio
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in
th
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VAT
o
r
e
x
cise
tax
[
3
3
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
in
v
o
ice
m
u
s
t
i
n
clu
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QR
co
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co
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tain
in
g
s
p
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if
ic
in
f
o
r
m
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t
h
at
f
ac
il
itates
it
s
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
f
o
r
cu
s
to
m
er
s
an
d
r
elev
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t
au
th
o
r
ities
.
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t
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
tain
f
iv
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ess
en
tial
elem
en
ts
in
th
e
f
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llo
win
g
o
r
d
er
:
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c
o
m
p
an
y
n
am
e
,
ii)
s
eller
'
s
VAT
n
u
m
b
er
,
iii)
d
ate
(
in
clu
d
i
n
g
d
a
y
,
m
o
n
th
,
an
d
y
ea
r
)
,
t
im
e
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in
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u
d
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g
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o
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r
,
m
i
n
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te,
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
)
,
iv
)
t
o
tal
p
r
ice
(
in
clu
d
in
g
VAT
)
,
an
d
v
)
VAT
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Simp
lifie
d
tax
in
v
o
i
ce
4.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
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r
a
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d
esig
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to
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th
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ity
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th
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Kin
g
d
o
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au
d
i
Ar
ab
ia
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g
Py
th
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n
.
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e
p
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as
s
h
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Fig
u
r
e
2
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
r
eq
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ir
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to
b
u
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a
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e
4
.
1
.
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m
ple
m
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R
co
de
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P
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t
ho
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T
o
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a
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1
.
T
h
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lib
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ies
ar
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im
p
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ted
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r
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an
ip
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f
f
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h
ese
lib
r
ar
ies
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llecti
v
ely
eq
u
ip
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o
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s
cr
ip
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with
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p
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b
a
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ag
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p
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o
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en
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
98
0
-
1
9
89
1986
d
ate/tim
e
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
s
ea
m
l
ess
ly
.
B
y
im
p
o
r
tin
g
th
ese
lib
r
a
r
ies
in
itially
,
d
ev
el
o
p
er
s
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
cr
ip
t h
as
ac
ce
s
s
to
all
ess
en
tial f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
b
ar
co
d
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
T
ab
l
e
1.
Key
lib
r
ar
ies f
o
r
b
ar
c
o
d
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
in
Py
th
o
n
Li
b
r
a
r
y
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
Q
R
c
o
d
e
A
l
l
o
w
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
Q
R
c
o
d
e
s
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
P
y
t
h
o
n
.
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
Q
R
c
o
d
e
s fr
o
m
t
e
x
t
u
a
l
d
a
t
a
.
B
a
se
6
4
U
sed
f
o
r
e
n
c
o
d
i
n
g
b
i
n
a
r
y
d
a
t
a
i
n
t
o
A
S
C
I
I
t
e
x
t
.
E
n
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
e
n
c
o
d
e
d
d
a
t
a
i
s re
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
a
r
e
a
d
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
mat
,
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Q
R
c
o
d
e
.
D
a
t
e
t
i
m
e
R
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
s
a
sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
d
a
t
e
a
n
d
t
i
me
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
d
a
t
e
(
y
e
a
r
,
m
o
n
t
h
,
d
a
y
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
(
h
o
u
r
,
m
i
n
u
t
e
,
sec
o
n
d
,
mi
c
r
o
se
c
o
n
d
)
.
4
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
g
g
re
g
a
t
io
n
Af
ter
im
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
lib
r
ar
ies,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
e
s
ag
g
r
eg
atin
g
d
ata
in
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
f
o
r
m
at
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
a
b
ar
c
o
d
e
th
at
co
m
p
lies
with
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
s
et
b
y
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
au
th
o
r
ity
o
f
za
k
a
t
an
d
in
co
m
e
in
Sau
d
i A
r
a
b
ia.
Data
m
u
s
t b
e
f
o
r
m
atted
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
s
tr
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
tr
in
g
in
clu
d
es:
a)
Fiv
e
s
p
ec
ial
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
elin
ea
te
th
e
f
i
v
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
elem
en
ts
with
in
th
e
s
tr
in
g
.
T
h
ese
s
y
m
b
o
ls
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
ASC
I
I
n
u
m
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
1
to
5
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
ea
ch
elem
e
n
t.
b)
Fo
r
ea
ch
elem
en
t,
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
tr
in
g
is
ca
lcu
lated
;
th
i
s
len
g
th
is
th
en
co
n
v
er
te
d
in
t
o
a
h
ex
ad
ec
im
al
f
o
r
m
at;
f
in
ally
,
th
e
ASC
I
I
co
d
e
o
f
th
e
h
ex
ad
ec
im
al
n
u
m
b
er
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
c)
Actu
al
elem
en
t.
E
ac
h
elem
en
t
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
s
tr
in
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
b
y
ap
p
en
d
in
g
its
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ASC
I
I
ch
ar
ac
ter
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
h
e
x
ad
ec
im
al
len
g
th
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
an
d
c
o
n
clu
d
in
g
with
th
e
ac
tu
al
elem
en
t
d
ata
its
elf
.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
elem
en
t,
wh
ich
is
ty
p
ica
lly
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
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e
in
A
r
ab
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th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
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s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
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f
Ar
ab
ic
ch
ar
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ter
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
E
n
g
lis
h
o
n
es.
Ar
ab
ic
c
h
ar
a
cter
s
o
cc
u
p
y
2
b
y
tes
ea
ch
,
wh
ile
s
p
ac
es
o
cc
u
p
y
1
b
y
te.
T
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
el
em
en
t
is
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
2
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
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f
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p
ac
es
(
n
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f
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)
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s
u
b
tr
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ted
.
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h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
i
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g
th
e
len
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th
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
elem
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t is as f
o
llo
ws:
1
=
1
∗
2
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(
1
−
1
)
th
en
,
1
=
1
∗
2
+
1
–
1
(
1
)
wh
er
e:
−
1
is
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t e
lem
en
t.
−
1
r
ep
r
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ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
in
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
n
am
e
s
tr
in
g
V1
V1
V1
.
−
1
d
en
o
tes th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
w
o
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d
s
in
V1
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
u
la
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d
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s
ts
f
o
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t
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e
m
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lti
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Ar
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ter
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o
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ic
in
v
o
ices.
Date
an
d
tim
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
f
o
r
m
atted
as
(
"%Y
-
%m
-
%d
%H:%
M:%S")
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
a
n
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
i
n
v
o
ice
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
VAT
ca
l
cu
latio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
f
o
r
m
u
la
b
ased
o
n
th
e
to
tal
p
r
ice
in
clu
s
iv
e
o
f
VAT
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
ac
cu
r
at
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
f
in
an
cial
d
ata
with
in
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e.
T
h
e
VAT
am
o
u
n
t is ca
lcu
l
ated
as:
=
∗
15
115
(
2
)
4
.
3
.
E
nco
din
g
i
nfo
rm
a
t
io
n f
o
r
Q
R
c
o
de
I
n
th
is
s
tep
,
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
in
th
e
ea
r
lier
s
tag
es
is
en
co
d
ed
in
to
a
tex
t
u
al
s
tr
in
g
u
s
in
g
B
ase6
4
en
co
d
in
g
.
B
ase6
4
en
c
o
d
in
g
co
n
v
er
ts
b
i
n
ar
y
d
ata
in
t
o
a
f
o
r
m
at
th
at
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
h
an
d
le
tex
t
d
ata.
T
h
is
e
n
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
th
e
en
co
d
ed
d
ata
is
r
ep
r
es
en
ted
in
a
r
ea
d
a
b
le
f
o
r
m
at,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
m
o
o
th
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
av
o
i
d
in
g
p
o
ten
tial
is
s
u
es r
elate
d
to
en
co
d
in
g
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies.
4
.
4
.
G
ener
a
t
ing
t
he
Q
R
co
d
e
T
h
e
QR
co
d
e
lib
r
ar
y
in
Py
th
o
n
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
QR
co
d
e.
First,
a
QR
c
o
d
e
o
b
ject
is
in
s
tan
tiated
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
en
c
o
d
ed
d
ata
(
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tep
)
is
a
d
d
ed
to
th
is
o
b
ject.
T
h
e
QR
co
d
e
lib
r
a
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Qu
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
co
d
e
g
e
n
era
tio
n
fo
r
e
-
in
v
o
icin
g
in
S
a
u
d
i A
r
a
b
ia
(
A
b
d
elra
z
ek
Wa
h
b
a
S
a
ye
d
)
1987
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
to
cu
s
to
m
i
ze
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
th
e
QR
co
d
e,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
ce
ll
s
ize,
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
lo
r
,
an
d
f
o
r
eg
r
o
u
n
d
co
lo
r
.
T
h
ese
c
u
s
to
m
izatio
n
s
ca
n
h
elp
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
QR
co
d
e
m
ee
ts
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
is
u
al
an
d
tech
n
ical
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
4
.
5
.
Sa
v
ing
t
he
Q
R
co
de
On
ce
g
en
e
r
ated
,
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e
ca
n
b
e
s
av
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
ats
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
p
r
in
tin
g
o
n
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
o
r
p
ap
er
in
v
o
ices.
I
t
ca
n
also
b
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
in
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
E
-
i
n
v
o
ice
QR
r
ea
d
er
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
r
th
e
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia
Gen
er
al
Au
th
o
r
ity
o
f
Z
ak
at
a
n
d
T
a
x
(
GAZ
T
)
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
e
n
ab
les
ef
f
icien
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
in
v
o
ices
b
y
cu
s
to
m
er
s
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
q
u
ick
ac
ce
s
s
to
ess
en
tial
in
v
o
ic
e
d
etails,
en
h
an
cin
g
o
v
er
all
in
v
o
ice
m
an
a
g
em
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
Py
th
o
n
-
b
a
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
atin
g
QR
co
d
es
co
m
p
lian
t
with
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
Gen
er
al
Au
th
o
r
ity
o
f
Z
ak
at
a
n
d
T
ax
in
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
s
tep
s
:
im
p
o
r
tin
g
n
ec
ess
ar
y
lib
r
ar
ies
f
o
r
b
ar
co
d
e
cr
ea
tio
n
,
ag
g
r
eg
atin
g
d
ata
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
o
r
m
at,
en
c
o
d
in
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
u
s
in
g
B
ase6
4
,
g
en
e
r
atin
g
th
e
QR
co
d
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
QR
co
d
e
lib
r
ar
y
,
an
d
f
in
ally
s
av
in
g
th
e
b
ar
co
d
e
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
a
n
d
p
ap
e
r
in
v
o
ices.
T
h
e
en
co
d
i
n
g
an
d
f
o
r
m
attin
g
o
f
d
ata
in
to
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
s
tr
i
n
g
en
s
u
r
ed
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
wit
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
f
a
cilitatin
g
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
i
n
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Utilizin
g
A
SC
I
I
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
an
d
h
ex
a
d
ec
i
m
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
allo
wed
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
h
an
d
lin
g
o
f
d
iv
er
s
e
d
ata
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
an
y
n
am
es,
d
ates,
an
d
VAT
am
o
u
n
ts
,
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
f
in
an
cial
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
.
O
u
r
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
m
ee
ts
th
e
tech
n
ical
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
e
lectr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
ice
QR
co
d
es
in
Sau
d
i
A
r
ab
ia.
C
o
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
s
with
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
h
an
d
lin
g
Ar
ab
ic
tex
t
an
d
c
o
m
p
lex
d
ata
f
o
r
m
ats.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
i
tize
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
ef
f
icien
tl
y
m
an
ag
e
lar
g
er
d
atasets
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
QR
co
d
e
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
.
T
h
is
f
o
cu
s
will
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
h
an
d
lin
g
p
h
ase
two
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
in
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia.
P
h
ase
t
wo
in
v
o
l
v
es
in
teg
r
atin
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
y
s
tem
s
with
th
e
au
th
o
r
ity
'
s
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ied
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
aim
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
wit
h
ev
o
lv
in
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
th
er
eb
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
i
g
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
ith
in
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
co
m
m
er
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
v
o
icin
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
b
u
t
also
lay
s
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
QR
co
d
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
in
f
in
an
cial
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
d
o
m
ain
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
No
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
e
d
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Ab
d
elr
az
ek
W
ah
b
a
Say
e
d
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Z
ein
ab
R
ab
ea
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
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d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
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:
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p
e
r
v
i
s
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o
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P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
No
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
ter
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
-
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t a
p
p
lica
b
le
to
th
is
p
ap
er
as n
o
n
ew
d
at
a
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
o
r
an
aly
ze
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
-
C
o
d
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
h
ttp
s
://g
ith
u
b
.
co
m
/Ze
in
ab
R
ab
ea
/QR
co
d
e_
KSA_
v
1
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
98
0
-
1
9
89
1988
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
K
.
W
.
S
a
n
d
b
e
r
g
,
O
.
W
a
h
l
b
e
r
g
,
a
n
d
Y
.
P
a
n
,
“
A
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
E
-
i
n
v
o
i
c
i
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i
n
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Es,
”
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3
]
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q
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[
1
6
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[
1
7
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R
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[
1
8
]
M
.
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:
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5
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p
p
.
3
–
26.
[
1
9
]
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.
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0
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mm
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2
2
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g
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p
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2
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1
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6
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2
0
.
[
2
3
]
“
O
n
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-
t
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P
a
d
,
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C
i
p
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Ma
c
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y
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2
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2
1
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O
n
l
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n
e
]
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v
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:
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:
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c
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t
s
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mm
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t
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/
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me
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p
a
d
.
p
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f
.
[
2
4
]
W
.
P
e
n
a
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v
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n
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k
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,
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O
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”
C
r
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c
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t
e
x
t
,
v
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l
.
1
–
8
,
2
0
0
8
,
[
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l
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e
]
.
A
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:
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)
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p
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.
[
2
5
]
T.
J
o
,
“
D
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t
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n
c
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,
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M
a
c
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:
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5
9
0
0
-
4
_
3
.
[
2
6
]
Jo
sefss
o
n
a
n
d
S
.
,
“
T
h
e
B
a
se
1
6
,
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s
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n
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w
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g
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r
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p
,
2
0
0
6
.
[
2
7
]
R
.
S
.
A
.
D
a
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l
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,
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.
M
.
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,
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n
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M
.
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.
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o
,
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,
”
I
O
P
C
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f
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n
c
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S
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s:
M
a
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.
[
2
8
]
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.
H
e
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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p
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e
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,
”
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1
0
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[
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n
l
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n
e
]
.
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M
.
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f
.
[
2
9
]
M
.
J
o
n
e
s
,
J.
B
r
a
d
l
e
y
,
a
n
d
N
.
S
a
k
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m
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r
a
,
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JS
O
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b
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n
(
JW
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,
”
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a
y
2
0
1
5
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d
o
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:
1
0
.
1
7
4
8
7
/
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F
C
7
5
1
9
.
[
3
0
]
J.
K
.
K
o
r
p
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l
a
,
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n
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c
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Ex
p
l
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.
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d
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a
,
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n
c
.
,
2
0
0
6
.
[
3
1
]
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-
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n
v
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c
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n
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g
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l
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t
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o
n
.
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k
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t
,
Ta
x
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d
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u
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A
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0
,
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l
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e
]
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.