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Un
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1.
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I
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C
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p
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s
ib
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(
C
SR
)
is
a
m
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d
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f
o
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p
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estab
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g
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co
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p
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o
p
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[
1
]
.
C
SR
h
as
b
ec
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m
e
an
ess
en
tial
p
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ac
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f
o
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to
b
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d
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tain
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eir
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p
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[
2
]
.
C
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h
as
ca
teg
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r
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f
o
u
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r
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p
s
o
f
ac
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f
f
ec
t
an
o
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g
an
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’
s
co
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m
it
m
en
t:
C
SR
to
s
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d
n
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n
-
s
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s
tak
eh
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ld
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s
,
C
S
R
to
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p
lo
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ee
s
,
C
SR
to
cu
s
to
m
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s
,
an
d
C
SR
to
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
[
3
]
.
H
o
wev
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,
a
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C
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in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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q
u
ality
p
r
o
d
u
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an
d
g
o
v
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a
n
ce
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
p
lay
ed
b
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la
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g
e
co
m
p
an
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in
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SR
ac
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f
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p
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h
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p
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to
f
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s
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it
as
C
S
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ac
tiv
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s
co
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tr
ib
u
te
to
s
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co
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m
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a
n
ce
th
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co
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p
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im
ag
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[
5
]
.
T
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tar
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tlin
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in
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et
a
l
.
[
6
]
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
u
ld
p
r
o
m
o
te
g
r
o
wth
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies,
th
u
s
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
an
d
em
p
o
wer
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
a
s
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
d
r
i
v
er
wh
ich
ca
n
m
o
v
e
to
g
eth
e
r
with
r
ap
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
is
also
s
ee
n
as
a
way
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
to
escap
e
f
r
o
m
p
o
v
er
ty
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
asp
ec
ts
h
as led
to
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
licy
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
ts
g
l
o
b
ally
wh
ich
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
e
lim
in
ate
p
o
v
er
ty
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Go
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
a
g
e
n
c
ies
c
an
c
o
o
p
e
r
at
e
wit
h
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
es
in
n
at
io
n
al
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
b
y
all
o
c
ati
n
g
a
b
u
d
g
et
f
o
r
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
i
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
SR
i
n
it
iati
v
es
[
7
]
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
U
n
ite
d
Na
ti
o
n
s
Dev
el
o
p
m
en
t
P
r
o
g
r
am
,
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
b
e
c
o
m
es
a
b
e
n
ch
m
a
r
k
a
g
ai
n
s
t
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
ca
p
it
al
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
e
x
.
E
f
f
o
r
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
an
ies
to
wa
r
d
s
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
i
p
h
a
v
e
g
iv
en
a
f
a
v
o
r
a
b
le
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
s
in
ce
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
as
s
is
ta
n
c
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
to
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
te
f
r
o
m
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
t
o
h
i
g
h
e
r
l
e
v
els
as
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
i
n
th
e
asp
ir
ati
o
n
s
o
f
n
a
ti
o
n
al
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
He
n
c
e,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
im
p
li
ca
t
io
n
s
o
f
C
SR
i
n
ed
u
c
at
io
n
al
as
p
ec
ts
t
o
wa
r
d
s
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
c
a
p
it
al,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
ie
wp
o
i
n
ts
o
f
s
ele
cte
d
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
s
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
es
i
n
th
e
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
al
as
p
ec
ts
h
as
b
e
en
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ate
d
b
y
t
h
ei
r
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
t
o
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
-
b
as
ed
a
cti
v
it
ies
,
s
u
ch
as
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
s
ch
o
l
ar
s
h
i
p
s
a
n
d
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
l
o
a
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
n
r
u
r
a
l
ar
ea
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izi
n
g
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
o
r
s
em
in
ar
s
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
o
s
it
y
o
f
co
m
p
a
n
i
es
i
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
l
ass
is
t
a
n
ce
is
s
h
o
w
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ir
h
i
g
h
m
o
n
eta
r
y
all
o
ca
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
C
SR
i
n
i
tia
ti
v
es
i
n
ed
u
ca
t
i
o
n
.
Ma
jo
r
c
o
m
p
an
ies
i
n
Ma
l
ay
s
i
a,
s
u
c
h
as
Si
m
e
Da
r
b
y
,
Kh
a
za
n
a
h
Nas
io
n
al,
Petr
o
n
as
,
T
e
n
a
g
a
Nasi
o
n
al
B
e
r
h
a
d
,
an
d
T
el
e
k
o
m
M
al
ay
s
ia
h
av
e
c
o
m
m
i
tte
d
t
o
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
a
l
asp
ec
ts
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
-
b
ase
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
.
T
o
i
ll
u
s
tr
at
e,
Si
m
e
Da
r
b
y
h
as
al
lo
ca
te
d
R
M2
8
0
.
9
m
i
lli
o
n
s
in
ce
1
9
8
2
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
its
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
w
h
il
e
Y
ay
asa
n
B
a
n
k
R
ak
y
at
h
as
al
lo
ca
te
d
R
M
9
3
.
2
m
ill
io
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
to
2
0
1
6
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
ass
is
t
a
n
c
e.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
ex
p
ec
ts
co
m
p
a
n
ies
t
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
ls
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
C
SR
p
r
a
cti
ce
s
[
8
]
.
H
o
we
v
er
,
em
p
i
r
ic
al
s
t
u
d
ies
o
n
c
o
m
p
an
ie
s
’
C
SR
r
o
les
i
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
ar
e
s
till
v
ag
u
e
s
in
ce
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
e
o
r
eti
c
al
o
r
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
-
o
r
ie
n
t
ed
[
9
]
.
E
d
u
c
ati
o
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
ess
e
n
t
ial
el
em
e
n
ts
t
o
wa
r
d
s
ac
h
i
e
v
i
n
g
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
l
if
e.
H
en
ce
,
it
is
u
n
d
en
ia
b
l
e
th
a
t
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
p
la
y
s
a
n
ess
en
tial
r
o
le
in
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
t
h
e
we
ll
-
b
ei
n
g
o
f
l
if
e.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
Ma
l
ay
s
i
a
is
s
t
ill
f
a
ci
n
g
ch
all
en
g
es
i
n
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
m
e
c
h
il
d
r
e
n
i
n
r
u
r
a
l
a
r
e
as
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
t
o
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
is
s
m
a
ll
a
n
d
d
ec
r
e
asi
n
g
,
i
t
is
s
ti
ll
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
t
o
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
as
p
i
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Ma
la
y
s
i
a
n
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
t
o
wa
r
d
s
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
th
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
h
a
v
i
n
g
1
0
0
%
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
p
ar
tici
p
ati
o
n
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
l
ev
el
.
T
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
d
o
u
b
t
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
s
t
ill
a
g
a
p
in
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
b
e
twe
en
o
f
u
r
b
an
an
d
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
s
o
ci
o
ec
o
n
o
m
i
cs
an
d
g
e
n
d
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e,
M
ala
y
s
i
a
’
s
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
s
et
t
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
g
a
p
to
at
least
5
0
%.
T
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
’
s
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
e
x
p
e
n
d
it
u
r
e
o
n
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
is
als
o
s
ee
n
i
n
c
o
n
s
i
s
ten
t
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
1
to
2
0
1
5
:
R
M
7
,
7
3
5
m
illi
o
n
i
n
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
R
M
5
,
5
8
2
m
illi
o
n
i
n
2
0
1
5
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
p
at
te
r
n
h
as
le
d
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
ct
io
n
o
f
s
ch
o
l
ar
s
h
i
p
s
a
n
d
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
t
o
s
tu
d
y
a
b
r
o
a
d
as
well
as
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
t
o
p
u
r
s
u
e
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
s
t
u
d
y
.
R
ec
o
g
n
i
zi
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
al
le
n
g
es
an
d
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
wa
r
d
s
a
ch
ie
v
i
n
g
n
at
io
n
al
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
as
p
ir
ati
o
n
s
,
i
t
is
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
ia
te
t
o
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
p
ar
ti
cip
ati
o
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
es
to
e
n
h
an
ce
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
n
ati
o
n
al
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Se
n
i
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
h
av
e
e
x
p
lai
n
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
es
o
u
r
c
es
an
d
e
x
p
e
r
tis
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
v
a
te
s
ec
t
o
r
w
ill
en
h
an
ce
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
d
eli
v
er
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
a
c
o
u
n
tr
y
,
es
p
e
cia
ll
y
d
e
v
el
o
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
t
r
ies
.
J
o
in
t
v
en
tu
r
es
f
o
r
cle
ar
o
b
je
cti
v
es
w
ill
b
r
in
g
p
o
te
n
t
ial
ex
p
ec
t
ati
o
n
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
co
u
l
d
i
n
c
r
e
ase
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
le
a
r
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
in
ts
i
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
f
ac
i
liti
e
s
i
n
all
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
en
t
ir
e
n
ati
o
n
a
r
e
d
u
e
t
o
li
m
it
ed
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
r
ev
e
n
u
e
w
h
ic
h
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
t
a
x
p
ay
m
e
n
ts
,
f
o
r
ei
g
n
l
o
a
n
s
a
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
b
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
e
v
en
u
e
is
all
o
ca
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
’
s
o
p
e
r
at
in
g
e
x
p
e
n
d
it
u
r
e
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
ex
p
e
n
d
it
u
r
e
.
Al
lo
ca
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
lim
i
te
d
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
m
a
k
es
it
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
ass
is
ta
n
ce
to
a
ll
ar
ea
s
.
He
n
c
e,
ef
f
o
r
ts
t
o
w
ar
d
s
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
i
n
ce
n
t
iv
es
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
p
u
t
o
n
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
’
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
e
r
s
al
o
n
e
b
u
t s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
d
b
y
o
th
e
r
p
a
r
ties
as
w
ell
,
es
p
ec
ial
ly
p
r
iv
at
e
co
m
p
a
n
ies
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
i
n
itiativ
es
is
th
e
id
ea
th
at
co
m
p
an
ies
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
p
eo
p
le
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
ass
is
tan
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
ese
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
will
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
,
s
u
p
p
lier
s
,
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
ities
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
C
SR
is
also
k
n
o
wn
as
co
r
p
o
r
ate
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
co
r
p
o
r
ate
citizen
s
h
ip
,
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
b
u
s
in
ess
a
n
d
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
o
cial
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
,
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
co
m
p
an
ies
ar
e
wo
r
k
in
g
in
lin
e
wit
h
th
e
law,
wh
ile
at
th
e
s
am
e
ti
m
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
welf
ar
e
o
f
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
an
d
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Fo
r
an
ea
s
ier
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
,
C
S
R
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
in
itiativ
es
o
f
p
r
iv
ate
co
m
p
a
n
i
es
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
b
u
s
in
ess
with
eth
ical
an
d
s
o
cial
in
ter
ests
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
r
id
g
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
C
S
R
:
th
e
r
o
le
o
f c
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
fo
u
n
d
a
tio
n
s
in
…
(
N
a
z
ia
tu
l A
z
ia
h
Mo
h
d
R
a
d
z
i)
1719
C
S
R
co
v
er
s
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
h
ea
lth
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
ar
ts
,
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
n
atu
r
al
d
is
aster
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
with
a
ctiv
ities
b
ased
o
n
s
o
cial
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
C
S
R
is
a
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
co
m
p
an
ies
to
estab
lis
h
g
o
o
d
r
elatio
n
s
with
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
s
u
p
p
lier
s
,
cu
s
to
m
er
s
an
d
th
eir
f
a
m
ilies
,
wh
ile
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
m
ain
tain
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
co
m
p
an
ies’
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
1
]
.
C
SR
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
p
r
a
cti
ce
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
en
titi
es
as
it
is
th
e
s
t
a
r
ti
n
g
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
a
n
y
'
s
co
m
p
eti
ti
v
e
n
ess
.
C
SR
p
r
o
v
es
a
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
es
an
d
s
ta
k
eh
o
l
d
e
r
s
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
h
ey
m
a
n
a
g
e
t
o
k
ee
p
t
h
is
r
ela
ti
o
n
s
h
ip
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
e
tw
o
r
k
b
u
i
lt
b
et
wee
n
b
u
s
i
n
ess
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
,
s
u
p
p
li
er
s
a
n
d
c
u
s
t
o
m
er
s
.
C
SR
is
a
n
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
s
tr
ate
g
y
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
es
t
o
b
u
i
ld
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
ta
in
th
ei
r
c
o
m
p
etit
iv
e
n
ess
[
2
]
.
C
ar
r
o
ll
[
1
2
]
n
o
te
d
th
a
t
C
SR
is
ass
o
ciat
e
d
wi
th
cr
itic
al
is
s
u
es
,
s
u
c
h
as
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
p
r
o
te
cti
o
n
,
g
e
n
d
e
r
e
q
u
a
li
ty
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
es
o
u
r
ce
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
s
af
e
ty
a
t
wo
r
k
,
r
e
lati
o
n
s
wi
th
l
o
ca
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
et
we
en
s
u
p
p
l
ie
r
s
an
d
u
s
e
r
s
.
C
SR
is
an
e
n
tit
y
’
s
i
m
p
r
ess
i
o
n
t
o
wa
r
d
s
r
e
lat
ed
is
s
u
es
as
w
ell
as
i
ts
et
h
ic
al
a
n
d
m
o
r
al
co
n
d
u
ct
a
n
d
co
m
p
a
n
y
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
e
r
s
.
Fat
im
a
a
n
d
E
lb
a
n
n
a
[
1
3
]
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
C
SR
as
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
t
h
at
e
n
ab
les
co
m
p
a
n
ies
t
o
m
a
in
tai
n
th
ei
r
co
m
p
eti
ti
v
e
n
ess
w
h
il
e
m
ee
ti
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
asi
n
g
s
o
ci
al
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
a
n
ies
’
et
h
i
cs
an
d
a
cc
o
u
n
ta
b
il
it
y
t
o
wa
r
d
s
t
h
e
ac
h
i
ev
em
e
n
t
o
f
b
e
tte
r
s
o
ci
a
l
an
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
Ah
m
e
d
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
C
SR
co
u
l
d
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ly
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
c
u
s
t
o
m
er
s
a
t
a
n
em
o
t
io
n
a
l
l
ev
el
a
n
d
s
h
a
p
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
a
tti
tu
d
e
o
f
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
t
o
wa
r
d
s
co
m
p
a
n
i
es.
M
ea
n
wh
i
le
,
I
s
la
m
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
cl
ai
m
e
d
th
at
C
SR
h
as
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ass
o
c
iati
o
n
w
it
h
o
r
g
a
n
iz
ati
o
n
a
l
i
d
e
n
t
if
i
ca
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
iza
ti
o
n
al
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
it
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
v
al
u
e
cr
ea
t
io
n
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
es
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ee
s
f
ee
l s
atis
f
ied
a
n
d
w
o
r
t
h
y
t
o
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
.
Vis
h
wan
ath
an
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
t
h
at
co
m
p
a
n
ies
n
ee
d
to
p
r
ac
tice
C
SR
ex
er
cisi
n
g
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
to
war
d
s
th
eir
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
n
am
ely
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
a
g
en
cies,
co
m
p
etito
r
s
,
s
u
p
p
lier
s
,
s
o
ciety
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Fry
n
as
[
1
7
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
co
m
p
an
ies
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
th
eir
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
o
n
s
o
ciety
a
n
d
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
C
o
m
p
an
i
es
also
h
av
e
to
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
to
o
th
er
s
a
n
d
p
ay
co
n
s
tan
t
atten
tio
n
to
t
h
eir
b
u
s
in
ess
ac
tiv
ities
b
y
m
ain
tain
in
g
g
o
o
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
to
en
h
an
ce
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
v
al
u
e.
Vis
s
er
[
1
8
]
d
ef
in
ed
C
SR
as
h
o
w
co
m
p
a
n
ies
cr
ea
te
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
en
tim
en
t
in
s
o
ciety
th
r
o
u
g
h
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
g
o
o
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
ess
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
C
SR
is
a
s
et
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
c
o
m
p
an
ies
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
,
s
o
cial,
h
u
m
an
an
d
n
atu
r
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
asp
ec
ts
.
Fu
k
u
d
a
an
d
Ou
ch
id
a
[
1
9
]
s
tated
th
at
C
S
R
s
er
v
es
as
co
m
p
an
ies’
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
eth
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
r
elate
d
to
s
o
cial
eq
u
ity
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
co
v
er
in
g
a
wid
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
ar
ea
s
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
co
r
p
o
r
ate
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
eth
ical
b
e
h
av
io
r
th
at
in
clu
d
e
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
in
wh
ic
h
C
SR
also
ten
d
s
to
attest
to
th
e
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
p
h
ilan
th
r
o
p
y
in
s
o
cieties w
h
er
e
co
m
p
an
ies
o
p
er
ate.
I
n
v
estm
e
n
t
i
n
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
an
d
t
r
ain
in
g
is
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
f
o
r
s
o
ci
o
-
e
co
n
o
m
ic
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t,
esp
ec
ia
lly
h
u
m
an
ca
p
it
al
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
tes
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
’
s
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
w
th
.
W
it
h
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
,
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
will
b
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
wit
h
s
k
i
lls
t
o
f
a
ce
r
a
p
i
d
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
c
h
a
n
g
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
c
h
a
m
y
o
u
[
2
1
]
s
t
ate
d
th
at
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tr
a
in
in
g
a
r
e
c
r
iti
ca
l
in
ad
d
r
e
s
s
in
g
is
s
u
es
a
n
d
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
af
f
e
cti
n
g
s
o
cie
ty
,
c
u
l
tu
r
e
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
,
h
e
alt
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
es
p
ec
ial
ly
d
u
r
in
g
a
g
lo
b
a
l
c
r
is
is
.
E
d
u
ca
t
io
n
is
a
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ti
al
as
p
e
ct
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
q
u
ali
ty
h
u
m
an
ca
p
it
al
i
n
wh
ic
h
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
p
ar
t
ici
p
a
ti
o
n
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
li
n
g
d
et
e
r
m
in
es
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
wa
g
e
r
e
ce
i
v
e
d
.
He
n
c
e,
t
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
s
h
o
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l
d
b
e
o
n
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
a
n
d
s
tr
at
eg
ic
p
la
n
s
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
i
a
is
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
b
l
e
t
o
d
e
v
el
o
p
e
d
co
u
n
t
r
i
es.
I
n
a
d
d
it
io
n
,
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
an
d
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
i
n
ce
n
t
iv
es
a
ls
o
n
e
ed
to
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
d
iv
er
s
if
ie
d
to
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
g
r
e
ate
r
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
.
I
n
Ma
l
a
y
s
ia
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
lea
r
n
i
n
g
in
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
g
r
o
wi
n
g
r
a
p
i
d
l
y
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
q
u
es
ti
o
n
r
e
m
ai
n
s
wh
e
th
e
r
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
als
,
esp
ec
i
all
y
ex
ce
l
le
n
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
c
o
m
e
f
r
o
m
l
o
w
-
i
n
co
m
e
f
a
m
il
ies
,
h
a
v
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
t
h
ei
r
s
tu
d
ies
,
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
ei
r
f
i
n
a
n
cial
co
n
s
t
r
a
in
ts
.
H
en
ce
,
a
p
la
n
n
e
d
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
b
y
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
a
r
ti
es,
es
p
ec
i
all
y
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
,
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
al
l
p
o
te
n
t
i
al
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
a
cc
ess
t
o
h
i
g
h
er
-
le
v
el
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
ass
is
tan
ce
is
h
ig
h
ly
n
ee
d
ed
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
wh
ich
s
u
b
s
id
ies
an
d
o
th
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ass
is
tan
ce
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ef
f
icien
cy
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital.
T
o
a
ce
r
tain
e
x
ten
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
u
b
s
id
ies
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
tax
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
to
lear
n
i
n
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
o
licy
[
2
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
Asad
u
llah
an
d
C
h
au
d
h
u
r
y
[
2
3
]
,
f
in
an
cial
in
ce
n
tiv
es
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
f
o
r
m
id
d
le
-
ag
ed
g
i
r
ls
s
h
o
w
th
at
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
u
b
s
id
ies h
ad
an
im
p
ac
t o
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
as
s
i
s
tan
ce
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
tten
d
an
ce
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
co
s
ts
an
d
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
ates,
en
co
u
r
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ah
m
ad
et
a
l
.
[
2
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
C
S
R
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
h
av
e
g
iv
e
n
b
en
e
f
its
an
d
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
g
r
ea
ter
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
an
d
an
o
v
er
all
im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
in
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Oth
er
t
h
an
th
at,
C
SR
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
to
o
l
to
r
aise
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
Sin
ce
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
a
r
o
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ec
a
u
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
d
ee
m
ed
a
p
u
b
lic
g
o
o
d
,
h
o
wev
er
,
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
f
ac
es
b
u
d
g
etar
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
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u
ca
tio
n
al
ass
is
tan
ce
to
d
eser
v
in
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
als.
Gen
er
ally
,
lar
g
e
ex
p
e
n
s
es
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
p
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r
s
u
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ig
h
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d
u
ca
tio
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in
wh
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th
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lack
o
f
s
u
b
s
id
ies
o
n
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
g
o
v
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n
m
e
n
t
lead
s
to
r
estrictio
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s
o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
p
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r
s
u
e
h
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h
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u
ca
tio
n
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
a
n
ele
m
en
t
th
at
ca
n
e
r
ad
icate
p
o
v
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r
ty
,
esp
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in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
Ho
we
v
er
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
: 1
7
1
7
-
1
7
3
0
1720
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ac
ilit
ies
f
o
r
all
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
s
o
ciety
r
eq
u
ir
es
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
c
o
m
p
an
ies,
esp
ec
ially
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
[
1
1
]
.
Su
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
o
als
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
o
als
ex
p
ec
t
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
e
x
p
an
d
ed
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
T
h
is
is
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
c
atio
n
[
2
5
]
.
C
o
o
p
er
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
s
h
ar
es
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t'
s
b
u
r
d
en
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
cr
itical
n
ee
d
f
o
r
g
o
o
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
p
ar
tici
p
atio
n
in
p
r
im
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
o
th
at
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
v
ate
s
ec
to
r
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
r
ef
u
g
ee
c
h
ild
r
en
.
I
t
is
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
th
at
co
m
p
an
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
h
elp
to
p
lace
r
ef
u
g
ee
s
in
tech
n
ical/v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ce
n
ter
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
s
an
d
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
d
o
n
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
n
atio
n
a
l
co
m
p
an
ies an
d
o
th
er
s
[
2
6
]
.
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
to
a
d
o
p
t
C
SR
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
cial
well
-
b
ein
g
.
Fo
r
Av
er
s
an
o
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
,
as
an
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
th
at
h
as
an
in
f
lu
en
ce
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
o
le
in
th
e
ey
es
o
f
s
o
ciety
,
th
e
C
S
R
in
itiativ
e
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
at
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
lev
el
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
C
SR
also
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
to
o
l
to
r
aise
ac
ad
em
ics’
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
o
th
er
b
r
o
a
d
er
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
[
2
4
]
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
-
b
ased
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
ar
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
,
s
ch
o
o
l
aid
,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
s
em
in
ar
s
an
d
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
as
well
as
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ac
i
liti
es.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
ass
is
tan
ce
is
v
er
y
m
u
ch
n
ee
d
e
d
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies.
Su
b
s
id
ies
an
d
f
in
an
cial
aid
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
a
n
d
p
lay
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
u
b
s
id
ies
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
tax
es
to
lear
n
in
g
d
u
e
to
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
o
licies
[
2
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
2
3
]
,
t
h
e
f
in
an
cial
in
ce
n
tiv
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
o
f
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lev
el
in
Pak
is
tan
h
a
v
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lev
e
ls
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
t
s
ca
n
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
atten
d
an
ce
at
s
ch
o
o
l,
r
ed
u
ce
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
co
s
ts
an
d
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l,
d
r
iv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
ati
o
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
m
eth
o
d
in
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
u
ally
test
s
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
u
s
in
g
d
ed
u
ctiv
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
tw
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
n
am
ely
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
im
p
lem
e
n
ter
s
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
r
ec
ip
ie
n
ts
o
f
C
S
R
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
s
ize
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
ter
g
r
o
u
p
is
lar
g
e
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
o
p
in
io
n
s
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es.
T
h
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
n
o
m
in
al
s
ca
le
f
o
r
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics
an
d
a
r
atio
s
ca
le
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
also
u
s
ed
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
b
etwe
en
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
(
1
)
to
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
ee
(
5
)
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ad
ap
te
d
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
d
ex
s
tated
in
th
e
Hu
m
an
C
ap
ital
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
R
ep
o
r
t
b
y
th
e
W
o
r
ld
E
co
n
o
m
ic
Fo
r
u
m
(
W
E
F).
Qu
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
th
em
es
o
f
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
s
tated
th
a
t
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
eth
o
d
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
in
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
.
A
v
alu
e
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
0
.
7
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
i
s
v
alid
an
d
tr
u
s
ted
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
v
alu
e
was
0
.
9
6
3
b
ef
o
r
e
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t
a
n
d
0
.
9
7
1
af
ter
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
it
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
is
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
item
s
in
th
e
s
ca
le
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
in
v
o
lv
ed
with
C
SR
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
s
elec
ted
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
id
en
titi
es
o
f
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
s
h
all
b
e
k
ep
t a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
o
f
co
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
.
Pil
o
t
test
s
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
o
test
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
Fo
r
th
e
r
ec
ip
ie
n
ts
,
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
3
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
a
s
e
lecte
d
s
ch
o
o
l
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
to
f
u
r
th
er
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
in
New
Z
ea
lan
d
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
cr
iter
ia
th
at
ar
e
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
a
ctu
al
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
i.e
.
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
e
d
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
.
Fo
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
g
r
o
u
p
,
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
g
iv
en
to
1
0
ex
ec
u
tiv
es
an
d
m
an
ag
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
co
m
p
an
ies,
as
th
ese
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
wer
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
r
ec
eiv
ed
wer
e
r
ev
iewe
d
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
wer
e
m
ad
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
co
m
m
en
ts
g
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
was
tak
en
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
s
ize
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
Kr
ejc
ie
an
d
Mo
r
g
an
[
3
1
]
w
h
er
eb
y
th
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
(
N)
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
r
ec
eiv
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
s
was
esti
m
ated
at
f
o
u
r
t
h
o
u
s
an
d
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
f
o
r
al
l
f
o
u
r
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
s
o
th
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
3
5
1
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
s
am
p
les
h
av
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
to
b
e
lar
g
e
en
o
u
g
h
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
ata.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
in
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
was
b
ased
o
n
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
asp
ec
ts
in
wh
ich
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
E
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&
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2252
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8
8
2
2
B
r
id
g
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
C
S
R
:
th
e
r
o
le
o
f c
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
fo
u
n
d
a
tio
n
s
in
…
(
N
a
z
ia
tu
l A
z
ia
h
Mo
h
d
R
a
d
z
i)
1721
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
g
av
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
to
co
n
d
u
ct
r
es
ea
r
ch
.
Activ
ities
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
r
elate
d
to
C
S
R
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
asp
ec
ts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
’
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
t
an
d
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
'
web
s
it
e.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
itiat
iv
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
s
h
o
u
l
d
in
clu
d
e
f
o
u
r
m
ain
ac
tiv
ities
,
n
am
ely
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
,
s
ch
o
o
l
aid
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izi
n
g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
an
d
s
em
in
ar
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
au
s
p
ic
es
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies.
A
lis
t
o
f
co
m
p
an
ies
was
o
b
ta
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ai
n
b
o
ar
d
o
f
B
u
r
s
a
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
a
lis
t
o
f
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Ma
la
y
s
ian
L
eg
al
Af
f
air
s
Div
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
taf
f
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ap
p
lied
a
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
an
d
r
ig
id
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
to
a
p
r
o
b
ab
i
lity
s
am
p
le
f
r
o
m
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
a
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
to
s
elec
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als
in
to
a
s
am
p
le
th
at
is
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
An
y
b
ias
i
n
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
will
b
e
d
iv
id
e
d
e
q
u
ally
am
o
n
g
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
e
lecte
d
.
T
o
av
o
id
th
e
c
o
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
g
ef
f
ec
t,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
estricts
th
e
s
am
p
le
to
o
n
ly
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
an
d
th
e
im
p
lem
en
te
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
elec
ted
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
10
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
af
f
iliat
ed
with
10
h
o
ld
in
g
co
m
p
an
ie
s
wer
e
s
h
o
r
tlis
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
af
ter
b
ein
g
co
n
tacte
d
v
ia
telep
h
o
n
e
ca
lls
,
em
ails
an
d
letter
s
,
o
n
ly
f
o
u
r
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
s
a
g
r
ee
d
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
i
n
g
s
ix
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
wer
e
u
n
ab
le
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
d
u
e
t
o
lim
ited
tim
e
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
ev
er
al
a
n
aly
s
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Data
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
q
u
an
titativ
ely
u
s
in
g
I
B
M
S
PS
S
Stati
s
ti
c
2
0
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
with
C
SR
ac
tiv
ities
u
n
d
er
tak
en
b
y
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
ex
t
er
n
al
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
n
am
ely
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ass
i
s
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
in
te
r
n
al
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
n
a
m
ely
im
p
lem
e
n
ter
s
wh
o
wer
e
in
v
o
l
v
ed
with
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
iti
ativ
es.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
wa
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
ter
s
wo
r
k
in
g
u
n
d
er
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
6
0
s
ets
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
s
en
t,
an
d
o
n
ly
3
7
c
o
m
p
leted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
r
etu
r
n
ed
,
with
a
r
etu
r
n
r
ate
o
f
6
1
.
6
%
.
Fo
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
,
5
0
0
s
ets
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
an
d
3
8
7
wer
e
r
etu
r
n
ed
,
with
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
ate
o
f
7
7
.
4
%
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
3
.
1
.
Rec
ipi
ent
g
ro
up
T
ab
le
1
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
g
r
o
u
p
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Mo
r
e
th
an
h
alf
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
m
ale
(
6
0
.
6
%)
an
d
in
th
e
ag
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
8
-
2
0
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
wer
e
Mu
s
lim
s
an
d
th
e
b
ig
g
est
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
was
Ma
l
ay
s
.
T
h
e
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
wer
e
m
ai
n
ly
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
wh
ile
th
e
h
ig
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ass
is
tan
ce
wer
e
f
r
o
m
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
A.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
etailed
as
p
ec
ts
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
e
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
u
b
th
em
e
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
ca
p
ital
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
d
ex
,
co
v
er
in
g
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
q
u
ality
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
g
r
o
u
p
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
ea
n
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
-
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
e
d
ac
tiv
ity
,
s
ch
o
o
l
aid
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
an
d
s
em
in
a
r
s
ar
e
also
s
tated
in
T
ab
le
3
.
All
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
an
n
u
al
r
e
p
o
r
ts
o
n
co
m
p
an
y
web
s
ites
an
d
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
n
o
t
v
astl
y
d
if
f
er
en
t,
b
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
4
0
2
0
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ass
is
tan
ce
(
4
.
2
3
2
2
)
,
o
r
g
an
izin
g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
(
4
.
0
4
0
4
)
,
an
d
s
em
in
ar
(
4
.
0
2
7
0
)
.
Sch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
is
a
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
th
at
is
u
s
u
ally
o
f
f
er
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
th
r
ee
to
f
o
u
r
y
ea
r
s
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
awa
r
d
ed
in
cl
u
d
e
tu
itio
n
f
ee
s
,
s
u
b
s
is
ten
ce
allo
wan
ce
s
an
d
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atio
n
e
x
p
en
s
es,
as
well
as
b
o
o
k
allo
wan
ce
s
.
Sch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
ased
o
n
e
x
ce
llen
t
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
ex
am
in
atio
n
r
esu
lts
.
B
esid
es,
to
q
u
alif
y
f
o
r
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
to
p
ass
an
in
ter
v
iew
with
th
e
o
f
f
ice
r
s
an
d
th
e
t
o
p
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
co
m
p
an
y
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
ad
em
i
c
ex
ce
llen
ce
f
ac
to
r
,
f
am
ily
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
is
an
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
in
awa
r
d
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
r
ec
ip
ie
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
,
t
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
h
elp
s
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
co
n
tin
u
e
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
to
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
,
i
n
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
o
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
b
ea
r
th
e
h
ig
h
c
o
s
t o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wh
i
le
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
t
h
eir
d
r
ea
m
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
g
r
o
u
p
,
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
th
at
p
r
i
o
r
itizes
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
e
n
h
an
cin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
q
u
ality
is
th
at
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
co
v
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
d
aily
ex
p
en
s
es,
s
ch
o
o
l
f
ee
s
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
in
an
cial
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
th
eir
p
ar
en
ts
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
also
b
eliev
ed
th
at
th
ey
co
u
ld
in
c
r
ea
s
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
f
o
cu
s
o
n
lear
n
i
n
g
with
o
u
t h
a
v
in
g
to
wo
r
r
y
a
b
o
u
t f
in
an
cial
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Ov
er
s
ea
s
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
h
as
allo
wed
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
to
s
er
v
e
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
th
eir
f
am
ily
an
d
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
th
at
th
ey
r
ec
eiv
ed
allo
w
th
em
to
g
r
a
d
u
ate
with
d
is
tin
ctio
n
an
d
s
er
v
e
in
lead
in
g
co
m
p
a
n
ies,
wh
ich
also
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
eir
f
am
ily
’
s
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
: 1
7
1
7
-
1
7
3
0
1722
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ics o
f
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t g
r
o
u
p
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
r
ec
ip
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s
c
h
o
o
l
ass
is
ta
n
ce
b
e
ca
u
s
e
it
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
es
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
io
n
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
ls
.
A
cti
v
it
ies
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
s
c
h
o
o
l
ass
is
t
an
ce
i
n
cl
u
d
e
ad
o
p
ti
n
g
f
o
s
t
er
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
i
n
g
s
ch
o
o
l
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
b
o
o
k
s
u
b
s
i
d
i
es
an
d
g
i
v
i
n
g
f
i
n
a
n
ci
al
ass
is
t
a
n
ce
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
u
n
d
e
r
p
r
iv
ile
g
ed
f
a
m
ili
es
[3
2
]
.
Sc
h
o
o
l
ass
is
ta
n
c
e
is
a
ls
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
t
o
s
ele
cte
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
d
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
tea
c
h
i
n
g
f
ac
ili
ties
an
d
a
d
o
p
t
i
n
g
f
o
s
te
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
S
ch
o
o
l
ass
is
t
a
n
c
e
is
a
s
t
e
p
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
c
h
il
d
r
e
n
'
s
p
a
r
tic
ip
a
ti
o
n
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
as
we
ll
as
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
C
SR
-
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
i
d
e
as
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
ies
t
o
ch
il
d
r
en
[
7
]
.
Sc
h
o
o
l
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
c
an
h
el
p
u
n
d
er
p
r
i
v
il
eg
e
d
f
am
ili
es
in
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
s
c
h
o
o
l
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
an
d
ai
d
i
n
g
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
a
c
h
ie
v
in
g
z
er
o
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
i
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Pa
r
ti
ci
p
at
io
n
i
n
ea
r
l
y
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
is
c
r
u
ci
al
i
n
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
alit
y
h
u
m
an
c
a
p
it
al.
Fi
n
a
n
ci
al
ass
is
ta
n
ce
t
o
p
r
es
ch
o
o
l
c
an
r
e
d
u
ce
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
a
n
d
d
is
a
b
i
lit
y
p
ar
t
ici
p
a
ti
o
n
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
iti
es
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
als
t
o
e
n
g
ag
e
in
e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
,
esp
ec
i
all
y
t
h
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
f
am
ilies
wi
th
f
i
n
a
n
ci
al
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
[3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
W
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
o
r
g
a
n
iz
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
an
ies an
d
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
e
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
s
a
r
e
b
ase
d
o
n
s
k
il
ls
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
p
p
li
ca
t
io
n
o
f
d
ail
y
lif
e,
s
u
c
h
as
f
i
n
a
n
cia
l
l
ite
r
ac
y
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
E
n
g
l
is
h
l
an
g
u
a
g
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
T
)
l
ite
r
ac
y
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
.
T
h
ese
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
a
r
e
u
s
u
all
y
o
r
g
a
n
i
ze
d
i
n
a
d
a
y
o
r
tw
o
wh
e
r
e
b
y
s
h
o
r
t
-
te
r
m
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
ar
e
o
f
te
n
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
less
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
c
o
u
r
s
e
s
.
E
v
e
n
s
o
,
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
s
k
i
l
l
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
t
h
a
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d
i
n
,
i
t
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
u
c
h
u
s
e
f
u
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
i
n
l
i
f
e
,
o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
h
o
w
t
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
f
in
an
ce
s
w
ell
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
k
n
o
wl
e
d
g
e
in
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
em
i
n
ar
s
is
t
h
e
lo
west
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
ac
ti
v
it
ies
,
i
n
d
ic
ati
n
g
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
ec
i
p
i
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
g
a
v
e
i
t
a
l
o
w
p
r
i
o
r
it
y
.
Sem
i
n
ar
s
o
r
g
a
n
iz
ed
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
a
n
d
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
e
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
s
t
ak
e
s
e
v
er
al
d
a
y
s
an
d
c
o
n
tai
n
m
o
d
u
les th
at
p
ar
ti
cip
a
n
ts
h
a
v
e
t
o
f
o
l
lo
w.
Ne
v
e
r
t
h
el
ess
,
t
h
e
r
ec
ip
ie
n
t g
r
o
u
p
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
m
i
n
a
r
s
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
to
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
as
p
e
cts
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
it
y
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
e,
g
e
t
i
n
s
p
i
r
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
e
r
ex
ce
lle
n
t
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
in
c
r
ea
s
e
s
el
f
-
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
,
r
es
to
r
e
th
e
l
o
s
t
i
d
e
n
t
it
y
,
b
e
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
o
v
e
r
f
ea
r
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
t
o
t
r
y
n
e
w
t
h
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
a
d
d
v
a
lu
e
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
B
es
id
es,
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
io
n
in
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
it
y
t
o
le
ar
n
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
wa
y
s
o
f
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
th
em
s
el
v
es
,
as
w
ell
as
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
a
n
d
cr
ea
ti
v
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
es
.
B
ase
d
o
n
th
e
d
es
cr
ip
ti
v
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
ea
n
v
a
lu
es
a
r
e
i
n
d
ic
ate
d
b
y
s
c
h
o
l
ar
s
h
i
p
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
an
d
s
c
h
o
o
l
ass
is
t
an
ce
.
St
u
d
en
ts
b
en
e
f
it
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
c
h
o
l
ar
s
h
i
p
,
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
t
in
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
t
o
t
h
e
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
i
p
i
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
in
th
ei
r
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
u
p
t
o
te
r
ti
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
.
No
n
et
h
e
less
,
s
em
i
n
ar
s
a
n
d
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
d
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
i
n
p
u
ts
t
o
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
ls
i
n
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
r
e
ati
o
n
o
f
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
h
u
m
a
n
ca
p
it
al.
3
.
2
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
er
g
ro
up
T
a
b
l
e
3
l
i
s
t
s
t
h
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
s
t
a
f
f
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
a
l
e
s
t
a
f
f
n
u
m
b
e
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
f
e
m
a
l
e
,
w
i
t
h
6
9
.
4
5
%
h
o
l
d
i
n
g
a
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
,
s
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
a
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
a
n
e
x
e
c
u
t
i
v
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
t
a
f
f
w
h
o
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
F
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
B
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
F
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
C
a
n
d
A
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
e
a
s
t
w
a
s
F
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
D
.
T
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
s
t
a
f
f
w
e
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
a
g
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
2
0
-
2
9
a
n
d
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
e
r
e
M
u
s
l
i
m
(
9
4
.
4
%
)
a
n
d
M
a
l
a
y
(
9
4
.
4
%
)
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
Hu
m
a
n
C
ap
ital
s
u
b
th
em
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
C
SR
in
itiat
iv
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
ter
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ter
g
r
o
u
p
ch
o
s
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
5
0
9
3
,
f
o
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ce
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
p
u
r
s
u
e
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
with
m
o
r
e
f
o
cu
s
to
o
b
tain
ex
ce
llen
t
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
ad
eq
u
ate
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
is
a
cr
itical
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
l
o
w
-
in
co
m
e
f
am
il
ies
in
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
Fo
r
a
co
m
p
an
y
th
at
is
well
awa
r
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
,
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
SR
in
it
iativ
es
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
f
u
lf
il
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
to
war
d
s
th
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
B
esid
es,
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
h
ap
es
th
e
id
en
tity
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
er
eb
y
u
p
o
n
g
r
a
d
u
atio
n
,
th
ey
te
n
d
to
r
etu
r
n
a
n
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
a
b
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
s
well
as th
e
co
m
p
an
y
'
s
im
ag
e
an
d
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
C
o
s
en
tin
o
e
t
a
l.
[
32
],
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
th
at
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
th
at
is
r
ea
d
y
to
f
ac
e
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
,
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
in
n
ee
d
a
n
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
f
u
r
t
h
er
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
R
ep
r
esen
tativ
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
a
te
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
wer
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
th
at
g
iv
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
.
T
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
will
co
n
tin
u
e
to
b
e
co
m
m
itted
to
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
all
lev
els
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
r
o
m
p
r
im
a
r
y
to
ter
tiar
y
lev
e
ls
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
in
itiativ
es
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
te
d
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
an
d
f
in
an
cial
ass
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
ar
e
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
awa
r
e
n
ess
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
c
o
v
er
in
g
th
e
ac
a
d
em
ic,
s
p
ir
itu
al
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
asp
ec
ts
th
at
will c
r
ea
te
a
b
alan
ce
d
s
o
ciety
.
Or
g
an
izin
g
s
em
in
ar
s
an
d
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
in
itiativ
es
th
at
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
im
p
le
m
en
ted
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
wh
e
r
eb
y
s
em
in
ar
s
an
d
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
ew
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
b
r
o
ad
e
r
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
alwa
y
s
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
ca
n
b
u
ild
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
ce
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
co
u
r
ag
e
i
n
f
ac
in
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ch
allen
g
es,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
h
y
s
ic
al,
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
r
e
s
ilien
ce
as
well
a
s
estab
li
s
h
in
g
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
o
t
h
er
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
h
o
ld
er
s
.
B
esid
es,
o
r
g
an
izin
g
s
u
ch
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
r
ais
es
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
wo
r
k
h
ar
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
d
esire
d
s
u
cc
ess
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
r
id
g
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
C
S
R
:
th
e
r
o
le
o
f c
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
fo
u
n
d
a
tio
n
s
in
…
(
N
a
z
ia
tu
l A
z
ia
h
Mo
h
d
R
a
d
z
i)
1725
As
s
tated
in
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
’
s
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
s
em
in
ar
s
an
d
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
o
r
g
an
ized
b
y
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
a
r
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
war
d
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
‘
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
’
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
cr
ea
tiv
ity
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
wh
ich
will
in
d
ir
ec
tly
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
ee
s
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
asp
ec
t a
s
an
ess
en
tial c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
ex
ce
llen
t
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital.
I
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
o
r
g
an
izin
g
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
an
d
s
em
in
ar
s
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
ality
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
e
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
E
v
er
y
a
s
p
e
ct
o
f
s
ch
o
la
r
s
h
ip
-
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
ed
a
ct
iv
it
ie
s
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
c
e
wh
er
eb
y
th
e
i
m
p
l
em
en
te
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
f
r
o
m
co
r
p
o
r
a
te
f
o
u
n
d
at
io
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
s
ch
o
la
r
s
h
ip
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
to
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
’
p
ar
t
ic
ip
at
io
n
i
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
,
h
elp
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
ed
u
c
at
io
n
,
wh
er
e
as
th
e
lo
we
s
t
m
e
an
v
alu
e
i
s
th
e
s
u
b
t
h
em
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
’
ed
u
c
at
io
n
q
u
al
ity
.
Or
g
an
i
zin
g
s
em
in
a
r
s
wa
s
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
m
ea
n
v
a
lu
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
th
em
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
’
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
il
e
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
m
ea
n
v
a
lu
e
i
s
al
s
o
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
u
b
th
em
e.
T
h
e
i
m
p
l
em
en
t
er
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
m
o
ti
v
a
tio
n
c
an
b
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
en
h
an
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ar
ti
cip
at
io
n
in
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
m
e
an
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
th
e
a
s
p
ec
t
s
in
th
e
s
u
b
th
em
e
an
d
l
o
w
m
ea
n
v
a
lu
es
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
’
q
u
al
ity
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
.
A
s
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
a
s
s
i
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
h
ig
h
m
e
an
v
a
lu
e
s
co
r
e
s
s
u
g
g
es
t
th
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
t
er
g
r
o
u
p
b
el
iev
e
s
s
ch
o
o
l
a
s
s
i
s
t
an
ce
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
’
m
o
t
iv
a
tio
n
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
s
u
b
th
em
e
o
f
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
p
a
r
ti
cip
at
io
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
w
s
lo
w
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
s
.
B
o
th
th
e
im
p
lem
en
ter
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
g
r
o
u
p
r
an
k
e
d
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
ass
is
tan
ce
an
d
o
r
g
an
izin
g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
an
d
s
em
in
ar
s
,
as
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
e
d
v
alu
e
to
in
d
iv
id
u
als
.
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t th
e
r
o
le
o
f
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
as a
g
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
f
ac
il
itate
in
d
iv
id
u
als to
r
ea
lize
th
eir
d
r
ea
m
s
o
f
co
n
tin
u
in
g
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies at
th
e
ter
tiar
y
lev
el.
T
h
e
r
ec
ip
ie
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
was
f
u
r
th
er
d
iv
id
e
d
i
n
to
th
r
ee
clu
s
ter
s
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
r
ee
le
v
els
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
n
am
el
y
th
e
ea
r
ly
s
tag
e,
in
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ated
.
An
al
y
s
is
o
f
v
ar
ia
n
ce
(
ANOVA
)
a
n
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
id
e
n
tify
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
C
SR
in
itiat
iv
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
b
y
th
e
t
h
r
ee
s
tu
d
y
clu
s
ter
s
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
v
alu
es
in
d
icate
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
i
p
,
o
r
g
an
izin
g
s
em
in
ar
s
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
as
well
as
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
.
Fo
r
ac
tiv
ities
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
n
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
th
e
r
ec
ip
ie
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
b
eliev
es
th
at
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lo
a
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
at
th
e
ter
tiar
y
lev
el.
T
h
e
ass
is
tan
ce
r
ec
eiv
ed
ai
d
s
th
em
to
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
h
av
e
b
ee
n
o
f
f
er
e
d
to
wo
r
k
with
co
m
p
a
n
ies
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
.
T
h
is
,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e,
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
a
n
y
b
en
ef
its
to
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
esp
ec
ially
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
lo
w
-
in
c
o
m
e
f
am
ilies
b
ec
au
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
b
u
r
d
en
o
f
f
am
ilies
wh
o
n
ee
d
to
b
ea
r
th
e
h
ig
h
co
s
t
o
f
ter
tiar
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
in
l
in
e
with
th
e
s
ta
t
em
en
ts
b
y
Kap
p
o
-
Ab
i
d
em
i
an
d
Kan
ay
o
[
3
4
]
wh
ich
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
th
at
a
C
SR
in
itiativ
e
th
at
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
e
d
u
c
atio
n
co
u
ld
g
r
o
w
t
h
e
talen
ts
o
f
th
e
s
o
ciety
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
als
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Ma
h
m
u
d
et
a
l
.
[
3
5
]
wh
o
e
m
p
h
asized
th
at
t
h
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
ec
to
r
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
an
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
to
ex
em
p
lar
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
s
to
s
ch
o
lar
s
.
T
ab
le
5
.
ANOV
A
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
s
tu
d
y
s
t
ag
es to
war
d
s
C
SR
in
itiat
iv
es i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
asp
ec
ts
A
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
S
t
u
d
y
s
t
a
t
u
s
To
t
a
l
(
n
)
M
e
a
n
v
a
l
u
e
D
e
g
r
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e
o
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d
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m
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-
v
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l
u
e
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g
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c
h
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p
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r
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g
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Gr
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ates
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m
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v
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to
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r
g
a
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m
in
ar
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p
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m
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ates
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m
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y
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d
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p
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to
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m
e
s
k
illed
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c
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m
p
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in
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als.
Similar
ly
,
g
r
ad
u
ates
g
av
e
h
ig
h
m
ea
n
v
alu
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to
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k
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s
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p
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f
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d
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s
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wh
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b
y
o
r
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an
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g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
to
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p
ar
t
s
k
ills
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
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th
at
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
tau
g
h
t
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
is
a
cr
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it
f
o
r
in
d
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i
d
u
als
to
e
q
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i
p
th
em
s
elv
es
to
f
ac
e
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
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u
c
,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
: 1
7
1
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1
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1726
Sch
o
o
l
ass
is
tan
ce
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
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v
id
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s
ig
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if
ica
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t
v
alu
e,
s
ig
n
if
y
in
g
th
at
all
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
av
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s
am
e
p
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s
p
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tiv
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ass
is
tan
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
o
n
ly
a
h
a
n
d
f
u
l
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
in
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
g
r
o
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p
r
ec
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v
ed
s
ch
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o
l
ass
is
tan
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ch
o
o
l a
s
s
is
tan
ce
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
co
r
p
o
r
at
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
is
s
till
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ess
en
tial to
war
d
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
s
ec
to
r
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
y
Azh
a
r
an
d
Azm
an
[
3
6
]
,
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
ec
to
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
an
y
k
in
d
s
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
,
s
u
ch
as
b
o
o
k
s
,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
s
p
o
r
ts
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
an
d
b
asic
f
ac
ilit
ies
co
u
ld
ea
s
e
th
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
b
e
attr
ac
tiv
e
to
s
ch
o
o
ls
at
a
tim
e
o
f
b
u
d
g
et
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
b
y
Saleh
et
a
l
.
[
3
7
]
wh
ich
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
C
SR
p
lay
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
'
s
well
-
b
ein
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
in
itiativ
es
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
ec
to
r
.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
ills
th
e
g
ap
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
th
at
is
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
C
SR
to
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
C
SR
to
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
p
r
e
v
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u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
co
n
ce
p
tu
ally
o
r
th
e
o
r
etica
lly
an
d
lack
s
em
p
ir
ical
e
v
id
en
ce
.
So
m
e
o
p
i
n
io
n
s
h
a
v
e
s
tated
th
at
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
C
SR
in
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
is
u
n
r
ea
lis
tic.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
th
at
C
SR
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
asp
ec
t
p
lay
s
an
ess
en
tial
r
o
le
in
h
u
m
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d
e
v
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m
e
n
t,
wh
er
e
b
y
it
l
o
o
k
s
f
r
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m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
io
r
ities
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ia
wh
ic
h
is
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
o
war
d
s
a
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
u
n
tr
y
s
tatu
s
.
T
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
e
r
e
in
v
o
l
v
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d
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
n
a
m
e
ly
in
t
e
r
n
a
l
s
t
a
k
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o
ld
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i
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d
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e
m
p
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a
n
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l
s
t
a
k
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o
l
d
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r
s
in
c
l
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d
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n
g
r
e
c
ip
i
e
n
t
s
o
f
C
S
R
i
n
i
t
i
at
i
v
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
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a
n
o
t
h
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w
t
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t
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d
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r
s
,
n
a
m
e
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th
e
c
o
m
m
u
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ty
.
T
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s
s
t
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d
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g
g
e
s
t
s
t
h
a
t
C
S
R
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
p
lay
a
r
o
l
e
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
ly
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
i
n
g
o
f
C
S
R
i
n
i
t
ia
t
i
v
e
s
,
p
r
es
e
n
t
i
n
g
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
a
r
ad
i
g
m
o
f
C
S
R
o
n
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
t
ex
t
o
f
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
.
F
r
o
m
th
e
t
h
eo
r
e
t
ic
a
l
p
e
r
s
p
ec
t
i
v
e,
th
e
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
er
T
h
e
o
r
y
u
n
d
er
p
i
n
n
in
g
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
t
es
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
ip
o
f
co
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
th
e
i
r
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
er
s
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
t
h
a
t
th
e
r
e
l
a
t
io
n
s
h
ip
b
e
t
we
e
n
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
ies
a
n
d
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
er
s
c
a
n
b
e
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
io
n
o
f
C
S
R
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
iv
e
s
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
ly
ac
t
i
v
it
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
d
ev
e
l
o
p
m
en
t
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
S
t
ak
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
T
h
e
o
r
y
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
a
l
ly
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
te
w
h
a
t
a
s
p
e
c
t
c
an
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
ed
b
y
co
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
to
m
a
i
n
t
a
in
r
e
l
a
t
io
n
s
h
i
p
s
w
i
th
s
t
ak
e
h
o
l
d
er
s
,
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
t
h
a
t
C
S
R
c
a
n
co
n
n
e
c
t
c
o
m
p
an
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
en
h
a
n
c
in
g
h
u
m
an
c
ap
i
t
al
d
ev
e
l
o
p
m
en
t
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
er
v
es
as
a
r
ef
e
r
e
n
ce
f
o
r
r
esear
c
h
r
elate
d
to
C
SR
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
wh
er
eb
y
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
ills
th
e
g
ap
t
h
at
d
es
cr
ib
es
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
C
SR
in
itiati
v
es
in
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
n
ce
p
tu
ally
with
o
u
t
em
p
ir
ic
al
ev
id
en
ce
.
I
m
p
lem
en
ter
s
ca
n
m
ak
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
p
lan
th
eir
C
S
R
ac
tiv
ities
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
s
o
th
at
th
e
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
h
as
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
also
h
av
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
co
r
p
o
r
at
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
co
m
p
an
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
also
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
an
ies
in
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
to
in
d
iv
id
u
als
is
h
i
g
h
er
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
f
o
r
co
m
p
an
ies
an
d
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
to
p
lan
,
f
o
r
m
u
late
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t
C
SR
in
itiativ
es.
I
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
th
e
im
a
g
e
o
f
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
was
d
ir
ec
te
d
to
war
d
s
ca
p
italis
t
m
o
tiv
es
o
f
m
ax
im
izin
g
p
r
o
f
its
an
d
er
o
d
i
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
im
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
i
n
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
C
SR
in
itiativ
e
s
,
esp
ec
ially
th
r
o
u
g
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
No
n
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
tal
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
(
NGOs)
ar
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
b
o
d
ies
th
at
p
r
ac
tice
C
SR
in
itiativ
es.
NGOs
ac
t
as
in
ter
m
ed
iar
ies
b
etwe
en
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
g
iv
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
to
NGOs,
esp
ec
i
ally
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
t
o
r
aise
is
s
u
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
in
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
es
ca
n
b
e
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
p
r
ac
ticin
g
C
S
R
in
itiativ
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
NGOs
ca
n
ac
t
as
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
f
o
r
co
m
p
an
ies
to
im
p
lem
en
t
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
wh
er
eb
y
NGOs
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
an
d
ev
al
u
ato
r
s
o
f
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
s
o
th
at
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
tim
e
to
tim
e.
NGOs
ca
n
also
p
lay
a
r
o
le
in
r
aisi
n
g
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
c
o
m
p
an
ies
in
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
cial
well
-
b
ei
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
a
ctice
o
f
C
S
R
in
itiativ
es.
I
t
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
af
f
ec
ted
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
an
y
co
m
p
an
y
’
s
ac
tio
n
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
p
lay
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
b
u
s
in
ess
en
titi
e
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
eir
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
with
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
till
m
an
y
p
eo
p
le
in
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
wh
o
ar
e
n
o
t
awa
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
co
m
p
an
ies
in
s
o
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
SR
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
u
s
,
a
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
C
S
R
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
C
S
R
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
in
v
o
lv
e
d
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
war
en
ess
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
an
ies
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
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