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I
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3
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J
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20
25
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p
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2007
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2007
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ttp
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CC B
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C
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p
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Gr
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Sch
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Stu
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Seo
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llap
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n
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ex
p
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en
tial
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wth
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a
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r
s
an
d
d
r
i
v
in
g
in
n
o
v
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n
[
1
]
.
B
ig
d
ata,
ch
a
r
ac
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b
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v
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v
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lu
m
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tech
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m
o
d
elin
g
,
an
d
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o
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n
etwo
r
k
an
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s
is
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
b
u
r
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as
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tech
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ly
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d
ass
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ater
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-
b
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g
d
ig
iti
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d
an
d
s
to
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ed
as d
ata
[
3
]
.
E
x
p
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r
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n
ize
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tr
a
n
s
f
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,
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will
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x
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esear
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tr
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ap
p
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s
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
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u
ca
tio
n
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
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s
t
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d
en
t
p
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f
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m
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,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
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v
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&
R
es E
d
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
0
7
-
2
0
1
7
2008
p
er
s
o
n
alizin
g
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
[
4
]
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
6
]
,
e
v
a
lu
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g
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
em
p
lo
y
ab
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y
[
7
]
,
a
n
d
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f
o
r
m
i
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th
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d
ev
elo
p
m
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tatio
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,
an
d
m
o
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ito
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in
g
o
f
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d
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies
[
3
]
.
Ho
wev
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,
th
e
in
teg
r
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o
f
b
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d
ata
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
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o
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f
u
lly
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ea
lized
,
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a
cr
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p
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b
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th
at
th
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r
es
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ch
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k
s
to
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[
5
]
.
S
ev
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f
ac
to
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s
h
in
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t
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in
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d
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eth
ical
co
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ce
r
n
s
,
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
c
h
allen
g
es
in
d
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llectio
n
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d
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
a
n
d
a
s
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tag
e
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ca
tio
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e
x
p
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ts
s
k
illed
in
b
ig
d
ata
an
al
y
tics
(
B
DA)
[
1
0
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
d
i
g
ital d
iv
id
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p
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s
is
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g
a
h
ier
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ch
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etwe
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in
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h
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r
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with
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1
1
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.
A
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italis
m
”
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
to
“
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
”
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wt
h
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
eir
“
th
ir
d
m
is
s
io
n
”
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
to
d
a
y
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e,
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
with
t
h
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
to
an
aly
ze
b
i
g
d
ata,
ar
e
u
n
iq
u
ely
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
1
3
]
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
b
ig
d
ata,
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies,
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
s
o
cially
r
elev
an
t
p
o
licy
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
an
d
s
er
v
e
as c
r
u
cial
ac
to
r
s
in
in
n
o
v
atio
n
p
o
licies
[
1
2
]
.
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
’
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
in
u
tili
zin
g
b
ig
d
ata
f
o
r
s
o
cieta
l
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
th
an
k
s
to
its
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
v
al
u
ab
le
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
o
th
e
r
co
u
n
tr
ies,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
th
e
Ass
o
ciatio
n
o
f
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
an
Natio
n
s
(
ASEA
N
)
r
eg
io
n
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
ee
k
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
t
r
en
d
s
in
b
ig
d
ata
u
s
ag
e
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
with
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
“
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
th
ick
n
ess
”
[
1
6
]
.
C
o
u
n
tr
ies
with
g
r
ea
ter
“
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
th
ick
n
ess
”
-
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
co
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
s
h
ar
in
g
am
o
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
-
a
r
e
b
etter
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
h
ar
n
ess
b
ig
d
ata
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tic
es.
T
h
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
lies
in
its
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
u
n
tr
ies,
its
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
o
r
h
in
d
er
th
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
an
d
its
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
r
esear
ch
o
u
t
p
u
t
in
th
e
f
ield
.
B
y
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
tio
n
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
ca
n
g
u
id
e
f
u
tu
r
e
p
o
lic
ies
an
d
in
itiativ
es,
u
ltima
tely
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
th
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
eg
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
im
ar
ily
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
ca
n
h
elp
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
b
etw
ee
n
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
?
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ati
o
n
s
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
d
ap
p
licab
le,
th
e
p
ap
er
also
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
.
Giv
en
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
ter
est
in
b
ig
d
ata
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
ield
s
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
y
p
o
th
esize
th
at
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
is
g
r
o
win
g
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
also
h
y
p
o
th
esize
th
at
d
esp
ite
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
ch
p
u
b
licat
io
n
s
,
citatio
n
s
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
in
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ap
e
x
is
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
a
n
ce
d
So
u
th
K
o
r
ea
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
e
d
altim
etr
ic
an
d
s
cien
to
m
etr
ic
tech
n
i
q
u
es
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
t
ate
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
.
I
n
s
p
ir
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
Gr
ac
io
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
q
u
an
titativ
ely
a
n
aly
ze
d
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
r
ele
v
an
t
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
s
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
o
m
ain
s
.
I
t
u
s
ed
k
e
y
wo
r
d
co
-
o
c
cu
r
r
en
ce
an
d
f
r
o
n
tier
a
n
aly
s
is
alo
n
g
s
id
e
em
er
g
in
g
tr
en
d
s
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
lit
er
atu
r
e
co
-
citatio
n
an
d
cl
u
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
m
ac
r
o
-
lev
el
o
v
er
v
iew
th
at
en
h
an
ce
s
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
o
f
s
cien
tific
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
s
h
ap
in
g
p
o
licies,
g
u
id
elin
es,
an
d
r
esear
ch
m
an
a
g
em
en
t stra
teg
ies
[
1
9
]
.
Data
was
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
(
W
o
S)
d
atab
ase,
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
its
ex
ten
s
iv
e
c
o
v
er
ag
e
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
ly
liter
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
i
n
clu
d
es
ess
en
tial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
au
th
o
r
d
etails,
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
d
ata,
citatio
n
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
a
n
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
.
W
o
S
’
s
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
s
co
p
e
an
d
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
f
ilter
r
esu
lts
b
y
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
lo
ca
ti
o
n
m
ad
e
it
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
as
it
en
s
u
r
ed
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
a
n
aly
s
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
ea
r
ch
was
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
in
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
3
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
“
b
i
g
d
ata
”
an
d
“
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
p
r
ec
ed
e
n
t
s
et
b
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
e
v
iews
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
was
r
estricte
d
to
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
So
u
t
h
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N
n
atio
n
s
to
m
ain
tain
a
r
e
g
io
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
o
cu
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Fu
ll
p
u
b
licatio
n
r
ec
o
r
d
s
wer
e
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
ed
as p
lain
tex
t f
iles
,
en
a
b
lin
g
d
etailed
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
.
Data
m
an
ag
em
en
t
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
tid
y
v
er
s
e
an
d
d
p
ly
r
p
ac
k
a
g
es
in
R
Stu
d
io
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
o
f
d
ata
s
ets,
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
d
u
p
licates,
a
n
d
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
in
c
o
m
p
lete
r
e
co
r
d
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ataset's
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Fo
r
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
R
Stu
d
io
an
d
VOSv
iewe
r
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
th
r
ee
k
ey
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
a
tr
en
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
p
er
co
u
n
tr
y
,
a
n
etwo
r
k
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
licati
o
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
all
co
u
n
tr
ies,
an
d
a
tex
t
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
m
ap
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
llectiv
e
d
ataset
an
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
n
atio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
io
n
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l fro
n
tier
s
:
S
o
u
th
K
o
r
ea
-
A
S
E
A
N
s
yn
e
r
g
y
in
b
ig
d
a
ta
…
(
C
a
th
erin
e
Jo
y
T.
E
s
cu
a
d
r
a
)
2009
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
aly
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
len
s
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
(
I
R
)
th
eo
r
ies,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
a
g
en
d
a
an
d
g
lo
b
al
I
R
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
u
tlin
ed
b
y
Ach
a
r
y
a
[
2
4
]
.
Pra
ctica
l
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
wer
e
t
h
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
o
n
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
itiativ
es
b
etwe
en
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies.
E
x
am
p
les
o
f
p
ast
p
r
o
jects
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies
wer
e
also
ad
d
ed
to
aid
r
ea
d
e
r
s
in
id
en
tify
i
n
g
f
e
asib
le
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
s
tr
ateg
ies f
u
r
th
er
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Curre
nt
la
nd
s
ca
pe
o
f
big
da
t
a
inte
g
ra
t
io
n in e
du
ca
t
io
n
in So
uth
K
o
re
a
a
nd
ASE
AN
c
o
un
t
ries
A
to
tal
o
f
2
,
4
2
7
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
em
e
r
g
ed
as
a
n
o
tab
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
,
o
r
ig
in
atin
g
4
6
.
1
9
%
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
i
n
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
f
ield
.
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
also
ac
tiv
ely
p
ar
ticip
ated
,
with
Ma
lay
s
ia
(
n
=4
8
0
)
,
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e
(
n
=3
8
7
)
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
n
=2
5
5
)
,
T
h
ailan
d
(
n
=
8
5
)
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
s
(
n
=7
4
)
,
Vietn
am
(
n
=1
2
)
,
My
an
m
a
r
(
n
=
1
0
)
,
C
a
m
b
o
d
ia
(
n
=5
)
,
a
n
d
L
a
o
s
(
n
=4
)
g
en
er
atin
g
r
elate
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
ex
tr
ac
te
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
ar
ticles
co
n
s
titu
ted
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
6
5
.
5
7
%
o
f
th
e
d
ataset,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
p
r
o
ce
ed
i
n
g
p
ap
er
s
(
2
6
.
7
6
%)
a
n
d
r
e
v
ie
ws
(
6
.
5
6
%).
A
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
tr
e
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
is
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
2
,
cu
l
m
in
atin
g
in
4
9
8
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
is
e
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
was
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
citatio
n
s
,
to
talin
g
5
3
,
6
2
2
f
o
r
all
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
r
es
u
ltin
g
in
an
im
p
r
ess
iv
e
o
v
e
r
all
h
-
in
d
e
x
o
f
9
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
ig
d
ata
a
n
d
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
T
h
e
to
p
10
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
b
i
g
d
at
a
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
im
ar
ily
c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
f
r
o
m
So
u
th
K
o
r
e
a,
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e,
an
d
Ma
lay
s
ia,
s
u
ch
as
Ko
r
ea
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
K
y
u
n
g
Hee
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
,
Ky
u
n
g
p
o
o
k
Natio
n
al
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
Nan
y
an
g
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Sin
g
a
p
o
r
e,
Seo
u
l
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Su
n
g
k
y
u
n
k
wan
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Un
iv
er
s
it
i
Ma
lay
a,
Un
iv
er
s
it
i
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
lay
s
ia,
an
d
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
it
i
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
MA
R
A
.
T
h
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
p
lay
e
d
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
with
in
th
e
an
aly
ze
d
r
eg
i
o
n
s
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
eir
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
to
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
b
ig
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt a
ls
o
r
ef
lects
th
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
f
o
r
“e
n
g
ag
e
d
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
”
as
“
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ac
to
r
s
,
”
as
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
B
r
o
wn
with
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
ca
p
italis
m
in
E
ast
Asi
a
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
iv
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
ty
p
es,
t
h
e
u
p
wa
r
d
tr
ajec
t
o
r
y
o
f
p
u
b
l
icatio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
in
f
lu
e
n
tial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
co
llectiv
ely
s
ig
n
if
y
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
est
an
d
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
a
d
v
an
ci
n
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
at
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
with
in
th
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Sev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
m
a
y
h
av
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
u
tp
u
t.
Firstl
y
,
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
with
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
an
d
f
r
ee
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
ls
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
d
es
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
h
as
ex
p
e
d
ited
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
o
n
lin
e
to
o
ls
f
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
,
co
m
p
ellin
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
to
u
tili
ze
p
latf
o
r
m
s
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
tiv
ities
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
a
p
atte
r
n
o
f
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
w
h
er
e
af
f
iliatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
co
llab
o
r
ated
with
t
h
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
Un
ited
States
o
f
Am
er
ica,
C
h
in
a,
an
d
Au
s
tr
alia.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
t
h
at
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
T
h
ailan
d
,
a
n
d
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
wer
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
0
7
-
2
0
1
7
2010
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
co
llab
o
r
ati
n
g
with
So
u
t
h
Ko
r
ea
f
o
r
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
in
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
s
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e
h
av
e
co
llab
o
r
ated
with
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
o
th
e
r
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
T
h
ailan
d
,
a
n
d
B
r
u
n
e
i.
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
f
u
r
th
er
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
v
ar
ie
d
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
d
ed
icate
d
b
ig
d
ata
r
esear
ch
ce
n
ter
s
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
b
ig
d
ata
co
u
r
s
es
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
an
d
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
r
elev
a
n
t
g
u
id
elin
es
a
n
d
p
o
licies
o
n
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e.
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
a
cr
itical
en
a
b
ler
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
a
r
esear
ch
[
2
6
]
was
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
a
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
in
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies
with
h
ig
h
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
m
o
r
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
co
u
n
tr
i
es
with
lim
ited
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
lim
ited
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
er
e
r
em
ai
n
s
a
n
ee
d
to
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
b
ig
d
ata
in
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
i
n
es d
esp
ite
its
u
s
ag
e
in
o
th
er
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t a
g
en
cies
[
2
7
]
.
E
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
ex
t
r
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
id
en
tific
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
ailin
g
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
t
o
p
ics
in
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ke
y
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
c
e
an
aly
s
is
u
n
co
v
er
e
d
th
r
ee
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
to
p
ics
o
f
th
ese
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
:
i
)
t
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
es
s
m
en
t
;
ii
)
t
h
e
in
ter
s
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
ac
h
in
e
le
ar
n
in
g
;
an
d
iii
)
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
in
d
u
s
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u
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[
2
8
]
.
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h
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en
co
m
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eh
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with
r
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d
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s
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[
2
9
]
.
Key
wo
r
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aly
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u
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2
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b
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ef
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m
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tan
tly
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b
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at
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ec
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ized
f
o
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ested
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in
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R
4
.
0
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,
wh
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to
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AI
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T
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ailan
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Ph
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Vi
etn
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d
B
r
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clin
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to
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tial
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ata
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ca
ti
o
n
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n
co
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So
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ited
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s
tag
e
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lear
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en
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ts
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d
itio
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ally
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s
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d
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ce
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ch
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T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
ig
n
if
y
So
u
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Ko
r
ea
'
s
p
r
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r
ess
in
lev
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ag
in
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B
DA
an
d
ad
v
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ce
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tc
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es.
T
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e
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d
y
o
n
th
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ap
p
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o
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ata
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th
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Ko
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ea
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co
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eg
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y
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tem
id
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al
k
ey
f
in
d
in
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s
th
at
alig
n
with
So
u
th
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r
ea
'
s
b
r
o
ad
er
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
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ed
u
ca
tio
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al
tech
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o
lo
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.
On
e
o
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p
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im
ar
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ar
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o
f
f
o
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u
s
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e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
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aly
tics
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ir
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n
m
en
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ex
p
lo
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o
w
b
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n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
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h
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ce
cu
r
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ic
u
la
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es
in
Ko
r
ea
n
co
ll
eg
es
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
'
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
AI
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
g
r
o
wi
n
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av
aila
b
ilit
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o
f
m
ea
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g
f
u
l
o
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lin
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ata
d
u
e
to
ex
p
an
d
e
d
I
C
T
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
Kim
a
n
d
Ah
n
[
3
1
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
th
e
ac
tu
al
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tili
za
tio
n
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f
th
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ata
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t
r
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ited
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n
d
er
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co
r
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ap
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So
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r
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r
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u
ch
as
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itig
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e
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ativ
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im
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ts
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n
s
u
r
in
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ata
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tr
ality
,
as
So
u
t
h
Ko
r
ea
in
teg
r
ates
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
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ies
lik
e
AI
with
b
ig
d
at
a
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
As
ev
id
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ce
d
b
y
th
e
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al
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o
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k
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wo
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d
s
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ch
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ics
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o
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s
co
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tr
ies
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n
b
e
lik
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t
o
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
b
i
g
d
at
a
with
in
a
c
o
u
n
tr
y
[
1
5
]
.
Sh
in
a
s
s
er
ted
th
at
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
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ig
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ata
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n
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a
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y
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tem
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ec
ess
itate
s
a
co
m
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r
eh
e
n
s
iv
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n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
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f
its
ch
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ter
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,
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
lim
itatio
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial im
p
ac
t o
n
h
u
m
a
n
ac
tiv
ities
[
1
5
]
.
3
.
2
.
Ana
ly
zing
t
he
curr
ent
la
nd
s
ca
pe
us
ing
I
R
d
is
t
inct
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s
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T
h
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s
ec
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ex
p
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if
ican
t
r
o
les
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f
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n
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with
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t
h
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f
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s
u
es,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
to
f
o
s
ter
r
eg
io
n
alis
m
an
d
in
te
g
r
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
E
ast
Asi
a.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
v
a
r
io
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s
I
R
th
eo
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ies,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
aim
s
to
u
n
co
v
er
h
o
w
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v
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ce
m
en
ts
a
n
d
co
llab
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s
i
n
th
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f
ield
s
m
ir
r
o
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an
d
p
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ten
tially
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lu
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ce
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x
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tin
g
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ter
n
atio
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al
s
y
s
tem
an
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o
r
d
er
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R
ea
lis
m
m
a
y
in
ter
p
r
et
th
ese
co
llab
o
r
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n
s
as
s
tr
ateg
ic
ef
f
o
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ts
b
y
s
tates
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
eir
s
ec
u
r
ity
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d
p
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wer
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in
th
e
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eg
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,
wh
ile
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er
alis
m
m
ig
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t
v
iew
th
em
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o
p
p
o
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tu
n
ities
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r
c
o
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p
er
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th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
p
ea
ce
an
d
m
u
tu
al
b
en
ef
its
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
is
m
wo
u
ld
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
v
alu
es
an
d
n
o
r
m
s
th
at
th
es
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
b
ig
d
at
a
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
elp
to
co
n
s
t
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o
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ter
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g
a
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d
en
tity
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r
eg
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n
al
co
h
esio
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th
at
alig
n
with
b
r
o
a
d
er
g
lo
b
al
n
o
r
m
s
an
d
p
o
licies.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
ee
k
s
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
o
licy
s
h
ap
es a
n
d
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics o
f
E
ast Asi
an
g
eo
p
o
liti
cs.
R
ea
lis
m
,
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
t
h
eo
r
y
in
I
R
,
o
f
f
er
s
a
le
n
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
p
o
we
r
d
y
n
am
ics
b
etwe
en
s
tates
an
d
h
o
w
th
ey
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
co
llab
o
r
a
tio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
b
i
g
d
ata
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
t
em
p
h
asize
s
s
elf
-
in
ter
est
an
d
p
o
wer
d
y
n
am
ics
as
cr
itical
d
r
iv
er
s
o
f
s
tate
ac
tio
n
s
.
Fro
m
a
r
ea
lis
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
an
al
y
zin
g
b
i
g
d
ata
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
with
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N
r
ef
lects
p
o
wer
d
y
n
am
ics,
s
tr
ateg
ic
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
co
m
p
etitio
n
s
h
ap
in
g
r
esear
ch
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
io
r
ities
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
t
ex
t,
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
'
s
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
4
6
.
1
9
%
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
)
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
its
in
ter
es
t
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
a
co
m
p
etitiv
e
ed
g
e
an
d
en
h
a
n
cin
g
its
r
eg
io
n
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
t
is
s
ee
n
to
g
ai
n
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
in
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
C
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
p
atter
n
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies,
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
C
h
in
a,
an
d
Au
s
tr
alia
il
lu
s
tr
ate
s
tr
ateg
ic
alig
n
m
en
t
to
m
ax
im
ize
b
en
ef
its
.
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
'
s
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
as
ex
ten
d
in
g
its
in
f
lu
en
c
e
an
d
co
u
n
ter
b
alan
cin
g
o
th
er
m
ajo
r
p
o
we
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
C
h
in
a
an
d
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
etitio
n
f
o
r
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
est
f
o
r
r
e
g
io
n
al
p
o
wer
p
lay
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
in
th
ese
c
o
llab
o
r
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n
s
.
L
ib
er
alis
m
o
f
f
er
s
a
len
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
to
v
iew
th
e
co
llab
o
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ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
b
etwe
en
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N
in
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
a
s
a
r
ef
lectio
n
o
f
b
o
th
“
lo
w
p
o
l
itics
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o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
a
n
d
“
h
ig
h
p
o
liti
cs
”
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
a
r
en
a
[
3
2
]
.
L
ib
e
r
alis
m
,
with
its
em
p
h
a
s
is
o
n
co
o
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ltil
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ests
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lik
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ASEA
N+
3
an
d
th
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E
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Su
m
m
it
co
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ld
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as
p
latf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
th
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im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
o
th
er
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
I
d
en
tif
y
in
g
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
to
p
ics,
s
u
ch
as
u
tili
zin
g
b
i
g
d
ata
i
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
0
7
-
2
0
1
7
2012
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
co
llectiv
e
d
e
d
icatio
n
to
en
h
a
n
cin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
c
ess
es.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ac
ce
ler
ated
b
y
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic,
r
eso
n
ates w
ith
lib
er
alis
t b
elief
s
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Seto
n
-
W
atso
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
[
3
3
]
.
Ko
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
ex
am
in
e
d
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic,
s
u
c
h
as
r
em
o
te
le
ar
n
in
g
,
t
u
itio
n
r
ef
u
n
d
s
,
th
e
r
etu
r
n
o
f
C
h
in
ese
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
,
an
d
th
e
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
o
f
co
lleg
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
th
ey
id
en
tifie
d
k
ey
ar
ea
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
lleg
e
s
c
h
o
last
ic
ab
ilit
y
test
(
C
SAT)
,
t
h
e
b
alan
ce
o
f
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
an
d
o
n
lin
e
class
es,
ea
r
ly
ad
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
jo
b
m
ar
k
et
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
th
i
r
d
p
h
ase
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
C
SAT
a
n
d
c
o
lleg
e
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ex
am
s
,
ca
m
p
u
s
q
u
ar
a
n
tin
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
s
o
cial
d
y
n
am
ics,
a
n
d
co
n
tin
u
e
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
g
r
ad
u
a
tes
en
ter
in
g
th
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
et.
L
ib
er
alis
m
also
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
es
e
co
n
o
m
ic
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
,
as
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
th
e
Kan
tian
T
r
i
an
g
le
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
is
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N’
s
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
b
ig
d
ata
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
s
o
ciety
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
c
r
itical
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
f
r
o
m
So
u
t
h
Ko
r
ea
,
Sin
g
a
p
o
r
e,
an
d
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
in
s
h
ap
in
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
r
ef
lects
th
e
lib
er
alis
t
id
ea
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
b
ein
g
d
r
iv
er
s
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
h
ar
in
g
.
I
jab
et
a
l.
[
3
6
]
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
to
ad
o
p
t
B
DA
u
s
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
-
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
T
OE
)
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
B
DA
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
.
Desp
ite
th
es
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
,
th
e
lev
el
o
f
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
at
th
e
ex
am
in
ed
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
was
d
ee
m
ed
u
n
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
wh
ile
th
er
e
a
r
e
in
itiativ
es
in
p
lace
,
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
d
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
-
d
ep
t
h
in
ter
v
iews,
to
g
ath
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
taf
f
m
em
b
er
s
'
b
elief
s
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
B
DA
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
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n
g
f
ac
to
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s
af
f
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tin
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ad
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p
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.
Ho
wev
er
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th
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s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
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n
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titu
tio
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lim
its
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en
er
aliza
b
ilit
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an
d
f
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t
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r
e
r
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o
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ld
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id
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q
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a
n
titativ
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ap
p
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ac
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ac
r
o
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s
m
u
ltip
le
in
s
titu
tio
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s
to
b
r
o
ad
e
n
its
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
s
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
th
at
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r
ates
r
ea
d
in
ess
th
eo
r
ies with
th
e
T
OE
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies.
W
ith
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
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t
f
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am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
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ter
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ed
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ca
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in
So
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r
ea
an
d
ASEA
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h
ig
h
lig
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ts
th
e
in
f
lu
en
tial
r
o
le
o
f
s
h
ar
ed
id
ea
s
,
n
o
r
m
s
,
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
e
f
f
o
r
ts
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
th
is
ac
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f
ield
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C
o
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s
tr
u
ctiv
is
t
th
eo
r
is
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
W
en
d
t
[
3
7
]
ar
g
u
e
th
at
s
h
ar
ed
b
elief
s
an
d
n
o
r
m
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
h
ap
e
th
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in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
ch
allen
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in
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tr
ad
itio
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al
r
ea
lis
t
an
d
lib
er
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
th
at
em
p
h
asize
m
ater
ial
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
an
aly
s
is
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
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a
n
d
th
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id
en
tific
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o
f
to
p
ic
clu
s
ter
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f
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th
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d
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co
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cially
co
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s
tr
u
cted
n
at
u
r
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o
f
th
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r
esear
c
h
d
o
m
ain
.
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o
llab
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n
g
ag
em
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ts
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etwe
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d
So
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r
ea
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av
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v
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ca
tio
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th
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g
h
th
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ap
p
li
ca
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f
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ata,
in
co
r
p
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r
atin
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AI
c
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p
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en
ts
lik
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m
ac
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lea
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n
in
g
f
o
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te
ac
h
in
g
a
n
d
p
er
f
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m
a
n
ce
ass
ess
m
en
ts
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h
e
th
r
e
e
clu
s
ter
s
id
en
tifie
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in
th
is
r
esear
ch
also
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
e
v
o
lv
in
g
n
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
co
llectiv
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b
elief
s
with
in
th
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ac
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d
em
ic
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
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al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
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s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
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f
b
ig
d
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ca
tio
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T
h
is
alig
n
s
clo
s
ely
with
Su
r
b
a
k
ti
et
a
l
.
[
3
8
]
wh
o
em
p
h
asized
th
e
“
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
”
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata,
p
a
r
ticu
l
ar
ly
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r
eg
ar
d
to
its
s
ea
m
le
s
s
in
teg
r
atio
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in
to
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ca
tio
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al
s
y
s
tem
s
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T
h
ey
id
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tifie
d
ess
en
tial
f
ac
to
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s
s
u
c
h
as
d
ata
q
u
ality
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p
r
iv
ac
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,
s
ec
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r
ity
,
an
d
g
o
v
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n
an
ce
,
alo
n
g
with
p
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ce
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v
ed
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
b
en
ef
its
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
an
ag
em
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n
t,
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d
th
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r
o
le
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f
s
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tem
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,
to
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ls
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d
tech
n
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lo
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d
itio
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ally
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o
r
g
an
izatio
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cu
lt
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r
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d
th
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m
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ar
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en
tial
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h
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tili
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h
a
n
ce
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d
u
ca
tio
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p
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f
r
o
m
S
o
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t
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K
o
r
e
a,
S
i
n
g
a
p
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e
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a
n
d
M
a
l
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in
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c
h
c
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t
r
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b
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t
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s
h
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g
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l
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g
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t
s
t
h
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o
le
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f
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
s
h
a
p
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n
g
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
.
T
h
e
s
e
i
n
s
t
it
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
c
t
a
s
n
o
r
m
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
,
f
a
c
il
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t
at
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c
o
ll
a
b
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a
t
io
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n
d
k
n
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w
l
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d
g
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s
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a
r
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n
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i
n
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wi
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T
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(
E
U
)
e
m
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d
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t
r
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r
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d
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c
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t
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p
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m
p
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t
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a
n
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p
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d
u
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t
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l
e
q
u
a
li
t
y
[
3
9
]
.
Si
m
il
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r
l
y
,
AS
E
A
N
,
a
r
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g
i
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elp
r
ea
d
er
s
id
en
tify
f
ea
s
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le
an
d
r
ea
l
is
tic
s
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th
at
th
ey
ca
n
a
d
ap
t sp
ec
if
ic
to
th
ei
r
n
ee
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s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
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v
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g
b
ig
d
ata
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d
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u
ca
tio
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p
r
o
jects in
ASEA
N
an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
3
.
3
.
1
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
1
:
e
s
t
a
bli
s
h c
o
lla
bo
ra
t
iv
e
net
wo
rk
s
E
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
in
ter
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atio
n
al
f
o
r
m
al
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etwo
r
k
s
f
ac
ilit
ates
r
eg
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lar
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m
m
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n
icatio
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,
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n
o
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e
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h
ar
in
g
,
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d
jo
in
t
r
esear
ch
in
itiativ
e
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
v
ar
io
u
s
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
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ess
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
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b
r
e
ak
in
g
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
r
ac
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an
d
r
esear
c
h
h
as
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ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
s
ch
o
lar
ly
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
C
o
llab
o
r
a
tio
n
s
ca
n
lead
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ad
v
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ce
m
e
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ts
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ed
u
ca
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n
al
p
r
ac
tices,
p
o
li
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an
d
r
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m
eth
o
d
o
l
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g
ies,
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en
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itin
g
th
e
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ar
ticip
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g
in
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titu
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d
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
[
4
1
]
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
2
:
o
rg
a
nize
j
o
int
re
s
ea
rc
h pro
j
ec
t
s
An
o
th
er
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o
m
m
en
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atio
n
is
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
th
e
i
n
itiatio
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o
f
jo
in
t
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
jects
th
at
s
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ec
if
ically
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o
cu
s
o
n
in
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atin
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ig
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ata
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to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
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y
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r
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g
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g
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g
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tu
d
en
ts
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r
esear
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er
s
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ex
p
er
ts
f
r
o
m
So
u
th
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ies,
th
ese
jo
in
t
r
esear
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p
r
o
jects
ca
n
f
o
s
ter
a
co
llab
o
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ativ
e
en
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ir
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n
m
en
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T
h
ese
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llab
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ativ
e
en
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n
m
en
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er
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o
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r
k
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m
m
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als,
s
h
ar
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r
ce
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d
f
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d
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
v
is
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ilit
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o
f
th
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r
k
[
4
2
]
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
3
:
e
x
cha
ng
e
pro
g
ra
m
s
a
nd
wo
rks
ho
ps
An
o
th
er
s
tr
ateg
y
is
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
in
-
p
e
r
s
o
n
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lin
e,
o
r
h
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r
id
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ch
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g
e
p
r
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am
s
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k
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p
s
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h
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p
r
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r
am
s
p
r
o
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id
e
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ab
le
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ities
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r
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ca
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o
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ak
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im
m
er
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e
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em
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el
v
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in
ea
ch
o
th
er
'
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
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d
en
v
ir
o
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m
en
ts
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f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
r
elev
an
t
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
an
d
s
k
ills
.
R
o
ck
et
a
l.
[
4
3
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
u
ch
ac
tiv
ities
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
eg
io
n
al
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
as
ea
r
ly
ca
r
ee
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
u
ld
c
o
n
n
ec
t
with
m
en
to
r
s
wh
o
g
u
id
ed
t
h
em
o
n
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
jo
u
r
n
ey
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
u
ch
ac
tiv
ity
m
ay
also
h
elp
s
h
a
r
e
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d
s
h
o
wca
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b
est
p
r
ac
tices,
s
u
cc
ess
s
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r
ies,
an
d
less
o
n
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lear
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im
p
lem
en
tin
g
b
ig
d
ata
in
te
g
r
a
tio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
4
]
.
3
.
3
.
4
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
4
:
i
nv
est
in infr
a
s
t
ruct
ure
a
nd
r
eso
urce
s
An
o
th
er
cr
u
cial
s
tr
ateg
y
is
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
allo
ca
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
in
v
estme
n
ts
to
war
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ess
en
tial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
ig
d
ata
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
estab
lis
h
in
g
B
DA
to
o
ls
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
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tin
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ca
p
ab
ilit
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an
d
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r
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b
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d
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ta
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to
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ag
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s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
p
p
o
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tin
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co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
in
it
iativ
es
in
b
ig
d
ata
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2252
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
0
0
7
-
2
0
1
7
2014
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
y
in
v
esti
n
g
in
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
an
al
y
ze
a
n
d
u
tili
ze
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
at
a
to
m
a
k
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ata
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in
f
o
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m
ed
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
an
d
d
r
iv
e
in
n
o
v
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.
A
n
o
tab
le
e
x
am
p
l
e
o
f
th
is
s
tr
ateg
y
is
C
h
in
a's
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
ig
d
ata
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
5
]
.
Li
et
a
l.
[
4
6
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
C
h
in
a
h
ad
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
its
n
atio
n
a
l
b
ig
d
ata
s
tr
ateg
y
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
5
-
y
ea
r
n
atio
n
al
p
lan
f
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
h
as
ap
p
r
o
v
e
d
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
2
5
0
co
lleg
es
an
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
lau
n
ch
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
r
elate
d
to
b
ig
d
ata
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
6
an
d
2
0
1
7
.
B
y
f
o
llo
win
g
C
h
in
a
’
s
lead
,
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
an
d
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
ca
n
p
r
io
r
itize
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
eir
n
atio
n
a
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
lan
to
in
teg
r
ate
b
ig
d
ata
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Kim
an
d
Ah
n
[
3
1
]
s
tr
ess
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
d
ata
ex
ch
an
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
ec
u
r
in
g
s
u
f
f
icien
t
d
ata
to
f
u
lly
r
ea
lize
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
aly
tics
,
alig
n
in
g
with
So
u
th
Ko
r
e
a'
s
o
n
g
o
in
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
es su
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
ig
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
3
.
3
.
5
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
5
:
s
ee
k
f
un
din
g
o
pp
o
rt
un
it
ies
I
n
ter
ested
p
ar
ties
m
u
s
t
ex
p
lo
r
e
r
eg
io
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
t
o
en
h
an
ce
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Hu
an
g
et
a
l
.
[
4
7
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
s
ee
k
in
g
s
u
c
h
s
cie
n
tific
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
a
y
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
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in
v
estme
n
ts
,
o
p
tim
ize
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew
p
r
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ce
s
s
es,
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
eq
u
itab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
ac
tiv
ely
s
ee
k
p
ar
t
n
e
r
s
h
ip
s
with
f
u
n
d
in
g
ag
e
n
cies,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
e
d
u
c
atio
n
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
r
esear
c
h
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
3
.
3
.
6
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
6
:
d
ev
elo
p c
o
m
mo
n po
licy
f
ra
m
ewo
rk
s
C
o
llab
o
r
ativ
ely
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
g
u
i
d
elin
es
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
ig
d
ata
in
to
ed
u
c
atio
n
.
Po
licy
m
a
k
er
s
,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
en
g
a
g
e
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
to
id
en
tify
s
h
ar
e
d
ch
allen
g
es,
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
an
d
eth
ical
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
to
estab
lis
h
g
u
id
e
lin
es
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Ma
cf
ad
y
en
et
a
l
.
[
4
8
]
em
p
h
asized
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
p
o
licies
an
d
g
u
id
elin
es
as
d
r
iv
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
b
eh
in
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
r
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
co
m
p
lex
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
T
h
eir
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
wo
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
ig
d
ata
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
is
th
e
r
ap
id
o
u
tco
m
e
m
ap
p
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
es
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
m
ap
p
i
n
g
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
t,
id
en
tify
in
g
k
ey
f
ac
t
o
r
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
th
e
co
n
tex
t
t
h
at
m
ay
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
s
u
ch
as
p
eo
p
l
e,
p
o
liti
ca
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
p
o
licie
s
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es),
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
d
esig
n
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
an
d
s
h
ap
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
n
i
n
g
[
4
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
“
ca
u
s
e
-
ef
f
ec
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
”
(
o
r
d
r
i
v
in
g
f
o
r
ce
-
p
r
ess
u
r
e
-
s
tate
-
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
-
e
f
f
ec
t
-
ac
tio
n
(
DPSEE
A
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
)
,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
d
ete
r
m
in
e
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
lin
k
ag
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
r
iv
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
ed
s
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
in
ts
with
in
a
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
wh
er
e
ac
tio
n
m
ay
b
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
to
b
r
in
g
ab
o
u
t c
h
an
g
e
[
4
8
]
.
B
y
ad
o
p
t
in
g
th
ese
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es a
n
d
co
m
p
lex
ities
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
ig
d
ata
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
3
.
3
.
7
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
n #
7
:
e
ng
a
g
e
ind
us
t
ry
pa
rt
ners
I
t
is
also
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
th
at
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
b
e
m
a
d
e
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
b
r
id
g
e
t
h
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
ac
a
d
em
ia
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
r
ap
i
d
ly
e
v
o
lv
in
g
n
atu
r
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
p
r
esen
ts
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
es
t
o
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
a
d
ap
t
t
o
ch
an
g
es
in
wh
at
an
d
h
o
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
lear
n
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
s
o
lid
an
d
f
o
r
m
al
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
b
ec
o
m
es
ess
en
tial,
as
th
ey
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
d
ata,
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
b
ig
d
ata
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
ts
.
T
h
ese
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
-
in
d
u
s
tr
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
o
f
f
er
s
ev
er
al
b
e
n
ef
its
[
5
0
]
.
First,
th
ey
e
n
ab
le
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
to
g
ai
n
ac
ce
s
s
to
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
au
th
e
n
ticity
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
t
n
er
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
t
h
e
s
k
ills
an
d
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
jo
b
m
a
r
k
et,
h
elp
i
n
g
ac
a
d
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
alig
n
th
eir
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
a
n
d
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
n
ee
d
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
ese
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
f
o
s
ter
a
m
u
tu
ally
b
en
ef
icial
e
x
ch
an
g
e
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ex
p
er
tis
e,
cr
ea
tin
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
ties
f
o
r
jo
in
t
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
jects,
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
B
y
f
o
llo
win
g
th
ese
p
r
ac
tices,
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
a
n
d
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
f
o
r
b
i
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
s
tr
ate
g
ies
m
ay
also
h
elp
f
u
r
th
er
f
o
s
ter
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
e
x
c
h
an
g
e.
T
h
ese
co
llectiv
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ef
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
h
an
d
le
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
s
y
s
tem
atic
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
an
d
d
ata
-
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es a
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
a
d
d
r
ess
d
if
f
er
en
t p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
ea
c
h
co
u
n
t
r
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
io
n
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l fro
n
tier
s
:
S
o
u
th
K
o
r
ea
-
A
S
E
A
N
s
yn
e
r
g
y
in
b
ig
d
a
ta
…
(
C
a
th
erin
e
Jo
y
T.
E
s
cu
a
d
r
a
)
2015
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
with
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
a
n
d
th
e
AS
E
AN
r
eg
io
n
.
B
y
ex
a
m
in
in
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
e
n
d
s
,
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
cr
itical
r
esear
ch
t
o
p
ics
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
len
s
o
f
I
R
,
we
h
av
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
m
ad
e
an
d
th
e
ch
alle
n
g
es
th
at
p
er
s
is
t
in
th
ese
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
est
in
lev
er
ag
in
g
b
ig
d
ata
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
y
et
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t w
o
r
k
r
e
m
ain
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
its
ap
p
licatio
n
.
As
an
ticip
ated
in
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
tailo
r
ed
s
tr
ateg
ies,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
with
a
d
ee
p
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
r
eg
i
o
n
a
l
co
n
tex
ts
,
a
r
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
m
a
x
im
i
zin
g
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
r
ef
i
n
in
g
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
er
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
,
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
u
n
i
q
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
ea
ch
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
e
d
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
,
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
will
b
e
cr
u
cial
in
r
ea
lizin
g
its
f
u
ll
p
o
ten
tial.
L
o
o
k
in
g
a
h
ea
d
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
e
v
o
lv
es in
tan
d
em
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
r
ec
ei
v
ed
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
f
r
o
m
E
w
h
a
W
o
m
an
s
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
I
t
was
also
awa
r
d
ed
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
in
t
h
e
2
0
2
3
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
ASEA
N
T
alen
ts
E
s
s
ay
C
o
n
test
.
T
h
e
lead
au
th
o
r
s
in
ce
r
ely
r
eg
ar
d
s
th
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
f
o
r
p
er
m
itti
n
g
h
er
t
o
r
ev
is
e
an
d
s
u
b
m
it th
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
No
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
d
in
g
was u
tili
z
ed
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
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