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c
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v
ir
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m
e
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t.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
E
th
ics
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
I
n
tellig
en
t tu
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
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c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Pritam
Ku
m
ar
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Dig
ital Bu
s
in
es
s
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t,
MSM
E
B
u
s
in
ess
Sch
o
o
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Ass
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m
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Un
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ity
B
an
g
k
o
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T
h
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E
m
ail: p
k
u
m
ar
@
m
s
m
e.
au
.
e
d
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
is
a
m
ajo
r
f
ac
to
r
in
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
m
an
y
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
]
.
New
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
teac
h
in
g
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
e
m
er
g
in
g
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
f
ast
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
with
u
s
e
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
(
I
T
S)
,
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
,
an
d
au
to
m
ated
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
AI
is
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
izin
g
th
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
,
th
ese
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
d
i
v
id
u
aliza
tio
n
an
d
p
u
t
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Sajja
et
a
l
.
[
3
]
af
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
7
3
1
-
1
7
4
2
1732
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
wif
tly
ev
alu
ate
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
,
tailo
r
in
g
less
o
n
s
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
s
u
it
u
n
iq
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Mo
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
r
e
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
AI
,
wh
ile
ITS
o
f
f
er
p
er
s
o
n
ali
ze
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
ce
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
r
u
n
m
o
r
e
s
m
o
o
th
ly
,
a
n
d
em
p
lo
y
e
es
ca
n
r
em
n
an
ts
at
ea
s
e
b
ec
au
s
e
AI
is
au
to
m
atin
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
task
s
lik
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
a
n
d
ad
m
is
s
io
n
s
[
4
]
.
Als
o
,
AI
c
an
f
o
r
etell
h
o
w
well
ch
ild
r
e
n
will
d
o
in
class
an
d
h
o
w
lik
ely
th
e
y
ar
e
to
s
tay
e
n
r
o
lled
,
s
o
teac
h
er
s
m
ay
in
ter
v
e
n
e
with
at
-
r
is
k
p
u
p
ils
wh
en
th
ey
n
ee
d
it m
o
s
t.
T
u
b
ella
et
a
l
.
[
5
]
also
s
tip
u
lated
th
at
AI
co
u
ld
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
its
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
b
en
ef
its
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
s
wif
tly
ev
alu
ate
m
ass
iv
e
d
atasets
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
’
s
m
ac
h
in
e
-
lea
r
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
,
lead
in
g
t
o
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
n
ew
p
atter
n
s
an
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
[
6
]
.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
eth
ical
u
s
e
o
f
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
,
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
f
teac
h
er
jo
b
s
,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t p
r
iv
ac
y
ar
e
g
r
o
win
g
as m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
d
ep
lo
y
AI
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
en
c
o
u
r
ag
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
elv
es
in
t
o
th
e
way
s
AI
is
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
o
w
it
m
ig
h
t
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
iz
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
y
,
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
cc
ess
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
W
h
ile
AI
o
f
f
er
s
g
r
ea
t
p
r
o
m
is
e,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
m
an
ag
e
d
to
g
u
a
r
an
tee
f
ai
r
a
cc
ess
,
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
an
d
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
v
ital
h
u
m
an
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Sin
g
h
et
a
l
.
[
8
]
,
o
n
lin
e
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
o
r
e
p
o
p
u
la
r
s
in
ce
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ep
id
em
ic.
I
n
th
is
s
h
if
t,
AI
is
cr
u
cial
b
ec
au
s
e
it
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
s
tr
ea
m
lin
es
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
tailo
r
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
h
ap
e
f
u
tu
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
it
is
v
ital
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
AI
ca
n
co
n
tin
u
e
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
ese
g
r
o
win
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
AI
h
as
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ized
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as
well
as
th
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
et
[
9
]
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
lear
n
in
g
n
ee
d
to
ad
ju
s
t
to
th
e
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ab
o
u
t b
y
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
au
to
m
atio
n
b
y
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
jo
b
s
in
ar
ea
s
r
elev
a
n
t
to
AI
an
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
ca
n
ad
a
p
t
to
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
a
d
y
n
am
ic
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
ca
n
b
e
b
etter
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
b
y
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
AI
i
n
th
e
clas
s
r
o
o
m
[
1
0
]
.
T
o
m
ak
e
e
d
u
ca
ted
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
n
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lead
er
s
n
ee
d
f
ac
ts
th
at
ar
e
cr
ed
ib
le
an
d
b
ased
o
n
ev
id
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
wea
k
n
ess
es,
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
an
d
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ex
h
au
s
tiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
li
ter
atu
r
e.
W
ith
AI
'
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
clo
u
t,
r
u
les
r
eg
u
lat
in
g
its
u
s
ag
e
th
at
ar
e
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
teac
h
e
r
s
,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
u
t
in
p
lace
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
eth
ical
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
AI
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
lay
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
wo
r
k
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
p
o
licy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
R
esear
ch
in
to
th
e
m
an
y
f
ac
ets
o
f
AI
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
co
n
tin
u
i
n
g
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
a
n
ew
an
d
e
x
citin
g
ar
ea
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
r
eo
r
g
a
n
ized
b
y
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew'
s
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
s
in
ar
ea
s
lik
e
AI
'
s
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cial
r
am
if
icatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
its
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
AI
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
g
r
o
win
g
,
b
u
t
th
e
r
e
is
an
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
in
-
d
ep
th
r
ese
ar
ch
o
n
t
h
e
n
ew
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies,
ch
allen
g
es,
r
o
les,
eth
ics,
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
is
s
u
es
th
at
ar
is
e
wh
en
u
s
in
g
AI
i
n
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
lo
o
k
e
d
at
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
AI
,
b
u
t
h
o
w
it
ca
n
h
elp
with
ITS
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
,
v
er
y
f
ew
h
a
v
e
tak
en
th
e
tim
e
to
co
m
p
ile
all
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
to
o
n
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
h
o
w
AI
will
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
way
w
e
teac
h
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Als
o
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
d
ata
to
d
r
aw
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
c
er
n
s
an
d
eth
ical
d
ilem
m
as
th
at
c
o
m
e
with
u
s
in
g
AI
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
is
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
m
an
y
u
s
es
o
f
AI
a
n
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
i
v
ac
y
a
n
d
eth
ics
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
tects
th
e
in
ter
ests
o
f
b
o
th
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
ile
m
ak
in
g
s
u
r
e
th
at
AI
is
u
s
ed
to
its
f
u
lles
t p
o
ten
tial to
o
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
r
e
v
iewe
d
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
A
I
in
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
'
s
n
ew
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
I
t
ex
a
m
in
ed
AI
-
p
o
we
r
ed
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
u
tili
ze
d
in
e
v
alu
at
io
n
s
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
with
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
ITS
,
a
n
d
d
eter
m
in
ed
h
o
w
well
th
e
y
tr
a
ck
ed
s
tu
d
e
n
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
r
esu
lts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
e
x
am
in
ed
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
eth
ical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
AI
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
An
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
id
en
tify
i
n
g
a
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
e
x
tr
ac
tin
g
r
elev
an
t
d
ata
is
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
I
t
was
cr
itical
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
r
esear
ch
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
to
war
d
s
p
ec
if
ied
g
o
als.
A
p
o
p
u
lar
to
o
l
f
o
r
g
ettin
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
th
in
k
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
eir
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
,
o
u
tco
m
e,
a
n
d
co
n
tex
t
(
PICOC
)
cr
iter
ia
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
s
er
v
e
d
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
als
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
SLR)
ca
n
b
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
in
to
s
ea
r
ch
ab
le
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
PICOC
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ich
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
PICOC
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
e
n
h
elp
s
in
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
W
ith
th
e
h
elp
o
f
PICOC
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
:
i)
W
h
at
is
th
e
em
er
g
in
g
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
id
en
tifie
d
in
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e?
ii)
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
id
en
tifie
d
in
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
ITS
in
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
?
iii)
W
h
at
k
in
d
s
o
f
AI
-
p
o
wer
e
d
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
i
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
o
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
2
2
Th
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H
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me
n
t
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
AI
is
s
wif
tly
alter
in
g
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
As
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
d
v
an
ce
,
th
ey
p
r
esen
t
u
n
p
ar
alleled
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
to
b
etter
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
f
ac
ilit
ate
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
l
iter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
ex
am
in
es
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
em
er
g
en
t
u
s
es
o
f
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
its
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
s
ec
tio
n
s
will
em
p
h
asize
m
a
in
th
em
es
in
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
,
e
n
co
m
p
ass
in
g
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
,
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
r
o
le
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
AI
-
en
h
an
ce
d
s
ettin
g
s
.
2
.
1
.
E
m
er
g
ing
ro
les
o
f
AI
increa
s
ing
ly
inte
g
ra
t
es
into
perso
na
lized
lea
rning
m
et
ho
do
lo
g
ies
in
hig
her
educa
t
io
n
An
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
e
n
ef
it
o
f
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
tailo
r
e
d
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
Stu
d
y
b
y
C
astro
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
estab
lis
h
ed
th
at
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
ad
a
p
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
ca
n
cu
s
to
m
ize
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
tr
ajec
to
r
ies
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
th
e
d
is
tin
ct
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ev
al
u
ate
d
ata
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
lear
n
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
,
an
d
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
lev
els
to
ad
ap
t
co
n
ten
t
d
eliv
er
y
d
y
n
am
ically
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
u
tili
ze
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
tailo
r
co
u
r
s
es
an
d
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
lear
n
er
s
,
en
a
b
lin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ad
v
a
n
ce
at
th
eir
o
wn
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
ef
f
icac
y
in
en
h
an
cin
g
lear
n
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
n
ee
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
ass
is
tan
ce
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
em
an
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
[
1
4
]
.
AI
-
e
n
ab
led
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
a
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ce
n
t
r
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
to
tailo
r
e
d
lea
r
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
also
d
im
in
i
s
h
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
ates
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
r
is
k
o
f
u
n
d
er
ac
h
iev
em
en
t a
n
d
d
eli
v
er
in
g
p
r
o
m
p
t in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
,
th
u
s
en
h
an
cin
g
r
eten
tio
n
an
d
co
m
p
letio
n
r
ates
[
1
5
]
.
2
.
2
.
I
nte
llig
ent
t
uto
ring
s
y
s
t
em
s
in hig
her
educa
t
io
n
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
in
tellig
en
t
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
s
ig
n
if
y
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
6
]
,
th
ese
I
T
S
ar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
cu
s
to
m
ized
teac
h
in
g
b
y
r
ep
licatin
g
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
a
h
u
m
an
ed
u
ca
to
r
.
T
h
ey
ca
n
ass
is
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
n
av
ig
atin
g
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
p
r
ac
tice.
Var
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
e
s
[
1
7
]
–
[
1
9
]
s
tip
u
lated
th
at
I
T
S
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
en
h
an
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
esp
ec
ially
in
f
ield
s
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
m
ath
em
atics,
a
n
d
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
at
n
ec
ess
itate
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e.
Stu
d
en
ts
u
tili
zin
g
i
n
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
ten
s
u
r
p
ass
th
eir
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
class
r
o
o
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
ef
f
icien
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
tailo
r
ed
,
i
n
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
th
eir
m
is
tak
es
in
r
ea
l
tim
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
b
y
a
u
to
m
atin
g
r
ep
etitiv
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
task
s
,
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies im
p
r
o
v
e
s
t
u
d
en
t p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
ile
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
n
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
.
2
.
3
.
T
he
us
e
o
f
AI
-
po
wer
ed
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
s
a
nd
f
ee
db
a
ck
f
o
r
c
o
ntinuo
us
m
o
nito
ring
o
f
s
t
ud
ent
pro
g
re
s
s
a
nd
t
ra
ck
lea
rning
o
utc
o
m
es
AI
is
cr
u
cial
in
au
to
m
atin
g
ev
alu
atio
n
s
an
d
en
h
a
n
cin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
an
d
wr
itten
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
,
t
en
d
to
b
e
lab
o
r
i
o
u
s
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
y
ield
d
elay
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
au
to
m
ated
ess
ay
g
r
ad
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
lik
e
p
r
o
ject
ess
ay
g
r
ad
e
(
PEG)
an
d
T
u
r
n
itin
’
s
r
ev
is
io
n
ass
is
tan
t,
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
t
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
em
p
lo
y
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
NL
P)
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
ev
alu
at
e
wr
itten
co
n
ten
t,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
d
e
tailed
co
m
m
en
ts
o
n
g
r
am
m
ar
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
lo
g
ic.
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
en
ab
le
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
r
ev
iew
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
allo
win
g
teac
h
er
s
to
tr
ac
k
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
with
g
r
ea
ter
ef
f
icac
y
.
Platfo
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
E
d
T
ec
h
’
s
Gr
ad
esco
p
e
au
to
m
ate
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
an
d
q
u
izze
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
t
o
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
m
o
r
e
i
n
tr
ica
te
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies,
s
u
ch
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
b
u
ild
in
g
a
n
d
tailo
r
ed
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
2
2
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
AI
-
ass
is
ted
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ca
n
au
g
m
en
t
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
b
y
d
eliv
er
in
g
p
r
o
m
p
t,
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
th
at
f
o
s
ter
s
lear
n
in
g
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
4
.
E
t
hica
l c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
a
n
d c
ha
lleng
es in a
do
ptio
n o
f
AI t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
in hig
her
educa
t
io
n
Alth
o
u
g
h
AI
h
as
v
a
r
io
u
s
ad
v
an
tag
es
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
it
also
p
r
esen
ts
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
eth
ical
d
ilem
m
as,
esp
ec
ially
ar
o
u
n
d
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
b
ias,
an
d
f
air
n
ess
in
alg
o
r
i
th
m
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
.
C
o
n
c
er
n
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
7
3
1
-
1
7
4
2
1734
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
am
ass
ed
b
y
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias
p
e
r
s
is
ts
,
s
in
ce
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
m
ay
p
er
p
etu
ate
ex
is
tin
g
d
is
p
ar
ities
b
y
d
eliv
er
i
n
g
b
iased
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
r
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
er
r
o
n
e
o
u
s
d
atasets
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
at
,
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
in
AI
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
[
2
5
]
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
g
u
a
r
an
tee
th
at
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
a
n
d
e
x
ec
u
ted
in
m
an
n
e
r
s
th
at
ar
e
e
q
u
itab
l
e,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
a
te
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
er
e
is
an
im
m
ed
iate
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
leg
is
l
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
co
n
s
id
e
r
th
e
eth
ical
r
am
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
e
SLR
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
ascer
tain
,
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
,
an
d
c
o
n
s
id
er
r
esear
ch
in
an
o
r
g
an
ized
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
f
in
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
ies
f
o
r
m
u
lated
[
26
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
to
b
e
o
f
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
,
it
m
u
s
t
tak
e
s
tep
s
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
b
ias
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
[
27
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
a
well
-
d
ef
in
e
d
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
u
s
ed
to
s
teer
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
28
]
,
[
29
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
to
co
l
lay
s
o
u
t
th
e
g
o
als,
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
ad
v
an
ce
to
s
y
n
th
esize
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
er
i
v
e
tr
u
s
two
r
t
h
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
m
ain
s
tep
s
f
o
r
d
o
i
n
g
a
r
ev
ie
w:
d
ec
id
in
g
w
h
at
to
in
clu
d
e
an
d
wh
at
to
b
a
n
is
h
,
d
ec
id
in
g
wh
er
e
t
o
lo
o
k
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
f
in
ally
,
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
an
d
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
30
]
,
[
31
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
g
o
in
to
d
ep
th
ab
o
u
t
ea
ch
o
f
th
ese
s
tag
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
ain
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
wed
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
SLR
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
SLR
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
t
o
co
l r
e
v
iew
s
tag
es [
31
]
3
.
2
.
Sea
rc
h
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
An
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
elec
tio
n
is
u
s
in
g
s
ea
r
c
h
en
g
in
es
to
f
in
d
p
er
tin
e
n
t,
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
esear
ch
[
30
]
.
T
h
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
as
e
was
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
f
o
cu
s
o
f
t
h
is
k
ey
wo
r
d
-
b
ased
s
ea
r
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
ex
ten
s
iv
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
f
r
o
m
d
iv
e
r
s
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
was selec
ted
f
o
r
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
h
r
ases
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
f
in
d
r
elev
an
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
B
o
o
lean
s
ea
r
ch
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
w
er
e
“
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
”
,
“
AI
in
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
”
,
“
AI
in
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
”
,
“
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
“
AI
in
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
”
,
“
Ar
tifi
cial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ia
l
in
tellig
en
ce
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
”
,
“
A
I
ass
es
s
m
en
t
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ial
in
tel
lig
en
ce
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
”
,
“
AI
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ial
in
t
ellig
en
ce
eth
ics
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
“
AI
eth
ics
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
”
,
“
AI
eth
ics
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
“
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
p
r
iv
ac
y
”
an
d
AI
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
was
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
t
o
o
b
tain
r
esear
c
h
th
at
h
av
e
c
o
r
r
elate
a
n
d
lim
ited
to
b
e
with
th
e
r
esear
c
h
g
o
a
ls
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
SLR
to
p
ic
tar
g
eted
in
th
is
r
ese
ar
ch
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
p
o
ten
tia
l imp
a
ct
o
f g
en
er
a
tive
A
I
o
n
th
e
fu
tu
r
e
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
a
g
a
me
-
ch
a
n
g
er
…
(
P
r
ita
m
K
u
ma
r
)
1735
3
.
3
.
I
nclus
io
n
/ex
clus
io
n c
rit
er
ia
A
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
p
u
t
in
p
lace
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
e
x
clu
s
io
n
p
h
ase
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
an
d
p
e
r
tin
en
t
ar
ticles
th
at
wer
e
in
lin
e
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
t
o
p
ics.
J
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
o
n
ly
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
AI
o
n
th
e
tr
ajec
to
r
y
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
c
h
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
e
SLR
b
ased
o
n
s
tr
ict
r
elev
an
ce
,
q
u
ality
,
an
d
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Fo
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
ef
f
icien
t r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
Pu
b
lis
h
o
r
Per
is
h
v
e
r
s
io
n
8
ap
p
licatio
n
was
u
s
ed
to
ea
s
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
es
with
in
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
at
ab
ase
u
s
in
g
a
n
API
k
ey
.
Aca
d
em
ic
r
ig
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
at
o
n
ly
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
s
cien
tific
jo
u
r
n
als
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
;
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
liter
atu
r
e,
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
ce
ed
i
n
g
s
,
b
o
o
k
ch
ap
ter
s
,
d
is
s
er
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
th
eses
,
n
o
tes,
r
ev
iew
ar
ticles,
ed
ito
r
ial
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
.
Un
less
th
e
ab
s
tr
ac
t
o
r
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
f
er
ed
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
,
s
tu
d
ies
with
o
u
t
f
u
ll
-
tex
t
a
v
a
ilab
ilit
y
wer
e
also
n
o
t
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
a
v
o
id
d
u
p
licatio
n
,
we
also
elim
in
ated
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
at
wer
e
alr
ea
d
y
in
ex
is
ten
ce
an
d
s
tu
d
i
es
th
at
h
ad
d
ata
s
ets
th
at
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
k
ee
p
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
,
we
also
o
m
itted
r
esear
ch
t
h
at
d
i
d
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
lo
o
k
at
AI
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
r
elate
d
f
ield
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
th
at
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
wer
e
all
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
th
ey
wer
e
all
lim
ited
to
r
esear
ch
th
at
wer
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
4
.
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
a
nd
da
t
a
b
a
s
es sea
rc
hed
R
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
th
e
b
ig
g
est
cu
r
ated
an
d
r
ev
iewe
d
a
b
s
tr
ac
t
an
d
in
d
e
x
in
g
d
atab
ase,
Sco
p
u
s
is
an
in
v
alu
ab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
ac
a
d
e
m
ic,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal,
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
[
32
]
.
Sco
p
u
s
i
n
d
ex
es
also
in
clu
d
e
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
jo
u
r
n
als,
wh
ich
ar
e
also
lis
ted
in
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
(
W
o
S
)
,
a
n
d
its
in
cl
u
s
iv
ity
is
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
60
%
h
ig
h
er
th
an
W
o
S.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
im
i
lar
ity
,
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
es
th
at
tak
e
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
b
o
th
d
atab
ases
m
ay
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
r
esu
lts
[
33
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
ed
ib
le
d
atab
ases
f
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
p
er
tin
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
is
Sco
p
u
s
,
wh
ich
is
wh
y
it
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Sco
p
u
s
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectin
g
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
v
ast
s
co
p
e,
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
ilter
s
,
an
d
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
g
r
id
s
,
wh
ich
g
r
ea
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t sk
ills
.
T
o
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
ea
ch
ar
ticle
f
it th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
an
d
was r
elev
an
t,
we
lo
o
k
ed
o
v
e
r
its
tit
le,
ab
s
tr
ac
t,
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
ten
t
v
er
y
ca
r
ef
u
lly
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t,
th
e
p
ap
er
s
th
at
wer
e
u
ltima
tely
ch
o
s
en
w
er
e
s
cr
ee
n
ed
in
p
r
ep
a
r
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t step
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
ev
iew.
T
h
e
Pu
b
lis
h
o
r
Per
is
h
v
er
s
io
n
8
ap
p
licatio
n
was
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
with
in
t
h
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
u
s
in
g
an
API
k
ey
.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
ea
r
ch
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
y
ield
ed
a
to
tal
o
f
5
6
7
a
r
ticles.
Fo
llo
win
g
an
in
itial
r
ele
v
an
c
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
th
is
n
u
m
b
e
r
was
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
1
5
7
ar
ticles
d
ir
ec
tly
p
er
tin
e
n
t
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
s
u
b
ject.
Du
p
licates
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
s
f
lag
g
ed
as
in
elig
ib
le
b
y
au
to
m
ate
d
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
to
o
ls
wer
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
ex
clu
d
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
1
3
4
ar
ticles
r
em
ain
in
g
.
Du
e
to
ac
ce
s
s
lim
itatio
n
s
,
s
o
m
e
ar
ticles
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
r
etr
iev
e
d
,
f
u
r
th
er
r
ef
in
in
g
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
.
A
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
r
e
v
iew
o
f
a
b
s
tr
ac
ts
an
d
f
u
ll
tex
ts
led
to
t
h
e
ex
clu
s
io
n
o
f
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
1
6
ar
ticles
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
alig
n
with
th
e
t
h
em
atic
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Ultim
ately
,
2
9
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
m
et
th
e
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
i
n
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
an
d
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
f
i
n
al
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
3
.
5
.
Select
ing
qu
a
lity
a
r
t
icle
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
ca
lled
titl
e
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
t
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
in
v
o
lv
e
d
ch
ec
k
in
g
th
e
titl
es
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
o
f
all
th
e
p
ap
er
s
th
at
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
to
s
ee
if
th
ey
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
R
esear
ch
th
at
b
latan
tly
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
ese
cr
iter
ia
was
d
i
s
r
eg
ar
d
ed
at
th
is
p
o
in
t.
Af
ter
th
at,
in
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
s
tep
,
all
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
m
ad
e
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
itial
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
wer
e
ch
ec
k
ed
f
o
r
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
q
u
ality
b
y
r
ea
d
i
n
g
th
eir
en
tire
tex
ts
.
T
o
g
u
a
r
an
tee
th
at
all
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
cl
u
s
io
n
an
d
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
ar
e
m
et,
th
is
ev
alu
ati
o
n
f
o
llo
we
d
a
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
e
d
f
o
r
m
at.
Af
ter
t
h
is
f
ir
s
t
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
all
in
clu
d
ed
s
tu
d
ies
u
n
d
er
wen
t
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
q
u
ality
r
ev
iew
th
at
tar
g
ets
p
ar
ticu
lar
cr
iter
ia
p
e
r
tain
in
g
t
o
s
tu
d
y
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
as
well
a
s
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
s
am
p
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
was
ca
r
ef
u
lly
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
n
q
u
an
titativ
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
.
Q
u
ality
o
f
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
o
f
d
ata
co
llectin
g
,
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
d
ep
th
ar
e
th
e
d
eter
m
in
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
q
u
alitativ
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
at
th
e
f
in
al
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
is
b
ased
o
n
o
n
ly
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
r
esear
ch
.
3
.
6
.
Da
t
a
e
x
t
ra
ct
i
o
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
s
,
a
m
eth
o
d
ical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
was
u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
an
aly
s
is
p
h
ase
o
f
th
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew.
Ultim
ately
,
2
9
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
ar
ticles
m
et
th
e
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
in
cl
u
s
io
n
a
n
d
e
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
a
n
d
wer
e
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
f
in
al
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
R
ec
o
r
d
s
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
co
n
f
o
r
m
to
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
'
s
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
o
m
itted
u
s
in
g
s
tr
in
g
en
t
e
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
i
ter
ia
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iew.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
in
v
o
lv
e
d
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
ases
aim
ed
at
ex
clu
d
in
g
ce
r
tain
th
in
g
s
.
T
o
s
tar
t
with
,
we
e
x
cl
u
d
ed
p
ap
er
s
t
h
at
wer
e
n
o
t
wr
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
all
o
f
th
e
in
clu
d
ed
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
ed
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
co
h
er
e
n
t
lan
g
u
ag
e.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ilter
was
u
s
ed
to
e
x
clu
d
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
th
at
wer
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
p
r
io
r
to
2
0
2
0
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
.
So
th
at
we
co
u
l
d
f
o
cu
s
en
tire
ly
o
n
p
r
im
ar
y
r
esear
c
h
,
we
also
m
eth
o
d
ically
r
em
o
v
ed
r
e
v
iews,
b
o
o
k
s
,
an
d
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
r
o
ce
ed
i
n
g
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
f
u
ll
-
tex
t
r
e
v
iew
p
h
ase,
ad
d
itio
n
al
en
h
an
cin
g
to
o
k
p
lace
.
W
ith
an
ey
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
7
3
1
-
1
7
4
2
1736
to
war
d
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
I
T
S
a
n
d
an
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
u
ti
lized
in
ev
alu
atio
n
s
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
r
o
les
o
f
AI
in
cu
s
to
m
ized
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es with
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
also
f
o
u
n
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
eth
ical
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
with
u
s
in
g
AI
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
an
d
it
ev
alu
ated
h
o
w
well
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
tr
ac
k
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
aim
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
an
s
wer
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
at
i
s
th
e
em
er
g
in
g
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
in
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
atio
n
id
en
tifie
d
in
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e?
;
ii)
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
id
en
tifie
d
in
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
I
T
S
i
n
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
?;
i
ii)
W
h
at
k
in
d
s
o
f
AI
-
p
o
wer
e
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
tr
ac
k
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es?;
an
d
iv
)
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
k
ey
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
?
All
s
elec
ted
ar
ticles
wer
e
i
n
ter
p
r
etiv
ely
an
aly
ze
d
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
ese
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
cr
itically
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t sectio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
ce
n
t
r
ates
o
n
ass
ess
in
g
an
d
a
n
aly
zin
g
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
t
o
em
p
h
asize
r
esu
lts
p
er
tin
en
t
t
o
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
im
ar
y
s
u
b
jects
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
l
y
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
s
en
co
m
p
ass
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
ITS
,
AI
-
en
h
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
ti
lized
in
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
as
well
as
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
is
s
u
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
i
s
p
ar
t
o
f
f
er
s
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
ev
i
ew
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lts
b
y
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
elem
en
ts
,
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
in
te
r
p
lay
b
etwe
en
th
e
ch
a
n
g
in
g
r
o
les
o
f
AI
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
4
.
1
.
Wha
t
a
re
t
he
em
er
g
ing
ro
l
es
o
f
AI
in
perso
na
lized
lea
rning
m
et
ho
do
lo
g
ies
in
hig
her
educa
t
io
n
identif
ied in e
x
is
t
i
ng
lite
ra
t
ure?
T
h
e
m
ain
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
ex
am
in
in
g
t
h
e
tr
e
n
d
s
an
d
ad
v
an
cin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
ali
ties
o
f
AI
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
,
ITS
,
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
,
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
au
to
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lea
r
n
in
g
en
h
an
c
em
en
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
ev
er
al
r
es
ea
r
ch
in
v
esti
g
ated
v
ar
io
u
s
AI
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
o
n
ly
th
o
s
e
p
er
tain
in
g
to
in
d
iv
id
u
aliz
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
em
p
h
asized
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
t
o
s
ix
p
r
im
ar
y
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
AI
-
d
r
i
v
en
ad
a
p
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
tailo
r
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
c
o
n
ten
t
to
m
ee
t
ea
ch
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
in
d
iv
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
,
le
ar
n
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ce
s
s
an
tly
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
p
o
ten
tia
l imp
a
ct
o
f g
en
er
a
tive
A
I
o
n
th
e
fu
tu
r
e
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
a
g
a
me
-
ch
a
n
g
er
…
(
P
r
ita
m
K
u
ma
r
)
1737
d
if
f
icu
lty
an
d
f
o
r
m
at
o
f
m
at
er
ials
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata,
s
o
g
en
er
atin
g
a
tailo
r
e
d
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
to
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
was
an
aly
ze
d
in
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
.
ITS
h
a
v
e
em
er
g
ed
as
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
to
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
s
ix
s
tu
d
ies.
Pre
d
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
to
o
ls
wer
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
ies.
Six
r
esear
ch
e
x
am
in
ed
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
v
ir
tu
al
ass
is
tan
ts
o
r
ch
atb
o
ts
.
T
h
ese
v
ir
tu
al
ass
is
tan
t
s
s
er
v
e
as
co
n
s
tan
t
co
m
p
an
io
n
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
q
u
ir
ies,
an
d
m
an
ag
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
les,
th
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
o
u
ts
id
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
class
r
o
o
m
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
f
iv
e
r
esear
ch
ex
am
i
n
ed
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
u
to
m
atio
n
,
wh
er
ea
s
f
o
u
r
p
ap
e
r
s
ad
d
r
e
s
s
ed
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
.
4
.
2
.
Wha
t
a
re
t
he
o
pp
o
rt
un
it
ies identif
ied in e
x
is
t
i
ng
lite
ra
t
ure
re
g
a
rding
ITS
in h
ig
her
ed
uca
t
io
n?
ITS
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
d
esig
n
e
d
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
ea
ch
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
,
lear
n
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
a
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
ef
icien
cies,
e
n
ab
lin
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
t
h
at
is
ch
all
en
g
in
g
to
attain
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
ig
class
r
o
o
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
An
an
aly
s
is
o
f
2
9
ar
ticles
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
af
f
o
r
d
ed
by
ITS
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
s
ix
p
r
in
cip
al
a
r
ea
s
:
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
at
-
r
is
k
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
elf
-
p
ac
ed
lear
n
in
g
,
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
in
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
,
an
d
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atio
n
o
f
d
i
v
er
s
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
,
s
tu
d
en
t
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
(
n
=4
)
an
d
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
n
=
6
)
e
m
er
g
e
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
a
d
v
an
tag
es.
ITS
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
ass
is
tan
ce
in
th
r
e
e
d
is
tin
ct
ar
ea
s
:
h
elp
in
g
at
-
r
is
k
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
n
=3
)
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
elf
-
p
ac
ed
lear
n
i
n
g
(
n
=5
)
,
an
d
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
(
n
=5
)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
ITS
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
atio
n
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
lear
n
i
n
g
s
ty
les
(
n
=
6
)
,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
Har
id
as
et
a
l
.
[
3
4
]
em
p
h
asized
th
at
ITS
ca
n
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
ea
r
ly
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
at
-
r
is
k
p
u
p
ils
b
y
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lties
u
s
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ata
.
T
h
is
f
ac
ilit
ates
p
r
o
m
p
t
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
ass
is
tan
ce
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
io
r
t
o
th
e
escalatio
n
o
f
th
eir
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
L
ik
ewise,
ITS
en
ab
le
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ad
v
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
at
th
eir
o
wn
s
p
ee
d
,
ass
is
ti
n
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
r
eq
u
i
r
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
tim
e
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
o
r
th
o
s
e
wh
o
ca
n
s
wif
tly
n
a
v
ig
ate
f
am
iliar
to
p
ics.
4
.
3
.
I
nte
llig
ent
k
ind
s
o
f
AI
-
po
wer
ed
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
ha
v
e
been
us
ed
in
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
ent
s
a
nd
f
ee
db
a
ck
f
o
r
co
ntinuo
us
m
o
nito
ring
o
f
s
t
ud
ent
pro
g
re
s
s
a
nd
t
ra
ck
lea
rning
o
utc
o
m
es?
Up
o
n
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
d
iv
er
s
e
AI
-
d
r
i
v
en
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
an
d
th
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
class
if
ied
in
to
s
ix
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
au
to
m
ate
d
ess
ay
s
co
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
(
L
MS)
,
p
ee
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
s
,
au
t
o
m
ated
q
u
iz
an
d
test
g
r
ad
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
p
ee
ch
an
d
wr
itin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
g
am
if
ied
lear
n
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Au
to
m
ated
ess
ay
s
co
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
(
n
=3
)
,
LMS
(
n
=6
)
,
p
ee
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
s
(
n
=6
)
,
au
to
m
ated
q
u
iz
a
n
d
test
g
r
ad
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
(
n
=
3
)
,
s
p
ee
ch
an
d
wr
itin
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
s
(
n
=4
)
,
an
d
g
a
m
if
ied
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
n
=5
)
ar
e
all
in
teg
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
A
u
to
m
ated
ess
ay
s
co
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
em
p
lo
y
NL
P
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
t
o
ass
ess
s
tu
d
en
t
wr
itin
g
s
,
ex
am
in
i
n
g
elem
e
n
ts
s
u
c
h
as
g
r
a
m
m
ar
,
co
h
e
r
en
ce
,
lo
g
i
c,
an
d
r
elev
a
n
ce
to
d
eliv
er
o
v
e
r
all
s
co
r
es
an
d
s
p
e
cif
ic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
3
5
]
,
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
LMS
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ev
alu
ate
s
tu
d
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
b
y
s
cr
u
tin
izin
g
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
m
etr
ics,
in
clu
d
in
g
q
u
iz
s
co
r
es,
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
lev
els,
an
d
tim
e
allo
ca
ted
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
ac
tiv
itie
s
th
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
in
s
ig
h
ts
o
n
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
m
ater
ial
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
o
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
3
6
]
.
4
.
4
.
Wha
t
a
re
t
he
k
ey
et
hica
l c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
a
nd
priv
a
cy
in e
du
ca
t
io
n f
o
r
a
do
ptio
n o
f
AI t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
in
hig
her
educa
t
io
n?
Up
o
n
e
x
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esea
r
c
h
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
et
h
ic
al
an
d
p
r
i
v
a
cy
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
e
m
e
r
g
e
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
o
f
A
I
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ca
n
b
e
class
i
f
i
ed
i
n
t
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
im
ar
y
d
o
m
ai
n
s
,
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
d
a
ta
p
r
i
v
ac
y
a
n
d
s
e
cu
r
i
ty
,
b
i
as
an
d
f
a
ir
n
ess
i
n
AI
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
,
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
cy
a
n
d
ac
c
o
u
n
ta
b
il
it
y
,
a
n
d
et
h
i
ca
l
AI
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
u
ti
liz
ati
o
n
.
R
eso
lv
i
n
g
t
h
ese
c
h
al
le
n
g
es
n
e
ce
s
s
i
tat
es
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
ex
am
i
n
ati
o
n
o
f
p
r
io
r
r
es
ea
r
c
h
t
o
d
is
c
e
r
n
p
r
e
v
a
le
n
t
t
h
e
m
es
an
d
a
r
e
as
o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
en
tai
ls
an
al
y
zi
n
g
p
e
r
t
in
e
n
t
p
a
p
er
s
,
in
t
eg
r
a
ti
n
g
t
h
ei
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
a
n
d
d
e
r
i
v
i
n
g
c
o
n
c
lu
s
io
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
al
et
h
i
ca
l
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
c
o
n
c
er
n
s
ass
o
ci
ate
d
wi
th
AI
in
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
.
Fiv
e
s
t
u
d
ies
(
n
=
5
)
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
c
e
o
f
u
p
h
o
l
d
i
n
g
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
i
n
th
e
ac
q
u
is
iti
o
n
a
n
d
u
ti
liz
ati
o
n
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
t
d
a
ta
,
es
p
e
ci
all
y
w
h
e
n
AI
s
y
s
te
m
s
e
v
al
u
at
e
s
en
s
i
ti
v
e
p
er
s
o
n
a
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
u
ch
as
l
ea
r
n
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
iti
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
3
7
]
–
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
ce
r
n
o
f
b
ias
a
n
d
f
air
n
ess
i
n
A
I
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
is
e
m
p
h
asiz
ed
i
n
t
h
r
e
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
(
n
=
3
)
,
wi
th
t
h
e
n
e
ce
s
s
it
y
f
o
r
p
er
i
o
d
i
c
ass
ess
m
e
n
ts
o
f
AI
s
y
s
t
em
s
t
o
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
a
n
d
m
iti
g
ate
b
ias
[
4
1
]
.
Fo
u
r
r
esea
r
ch
(
n
=
4
)
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
t
h
at
AI
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
c
h
a
r
a
cte
r
is
t
ics
,
al
lo
w
in
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
i
n
s
t
r
u
ct
o
r
s
t
o
e
v
a
lu
at
e
AI
-
g
en
e
r
at
ed
r
es
u
lts
[
4
2
]
.
S
i
x
r
es
ea
r
c
h
(
n
=
6
)
e
m
p
h
asiz
e
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
c
e
o
f
e
th
ica
l
d
esi
g
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
t
h
a
t
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
s
t
ak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
v
a
r
i
ed
b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
t
o
g
u
a
r
a
n
t
ee
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
7
3
1
-
1
7
4
2
1738
ju
s
t
ice
a
n
d
i
n
cl
u
s
i
v
i
ty
i
n
A
I
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
et
h
i
ca
l
A
I
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
t
h
e
id
ea
ls
o
f
f
a
ir
n
ess
,
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
cy
,
a
n
d
i
n
c
lu
s
iv
it
y
i
n
th
e
cr
ea
ti
o
n
o
f
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
al
A
I
s
y
s
t
em
s
[
4
3
]
.
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
tailo
r
ed
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
tailo
r
m
ater
ial
an
d
p
ac
in
g
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
th
es
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
tu
d
en
t
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
AI
ca
n
an
aly
s
es
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
en
ab
lin
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
co
u
r
s
e
r
o
u
tes
[
4
5
]
.
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
tu
to
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
L
ee
et
a
l
.
[
4
6
]
s
tat
ed
th
at
ITS
g
iv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
q
u
ick
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
ad
v
ice,
m
in
i
m
izin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
h
u
m
an
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
e
n
ab
li
n
g
s
ca
lab
le,
o
n
-
d
em
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
AI
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
clu
d
in
g
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
en
r
o
llm
en
ts
,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
4
7
]
.
Data
an
aly
s
is
wi
th
AI
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
g
r
o
wt
h
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
.
AI
an
aly
ze
s
m
ass
iv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
to
u
n
co
v
er
tr
en
d
s
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
s
,
r
eten
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
.
E
a
r
ly
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
with
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
,
wh
ich
m
ay
p
r
ed
ict
en
r
o
ll
m
en
t
tr
en
d
s
an
d
id
en
tif
y
at
-
r
is
k
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
4
8
]
.
B
y
au
to
m
atin
g
tim
e,
s
p
ac
e,
an
d
s
taf
f
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
,
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
el
p
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
ax
im
ize
r
eso
u
r
c
e
allo
ca
tio
n
.
R
esear
ch
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
an
d
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
s
ts
,
also
ca
n
au
to
m
ate
g
r
a
d
in
g
an
d
atten
d
an
ce
tr
ac
k
in
g
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
[
4
9
]
.
AI
f
r
ee
s
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
c
o
n
te
n
t
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
task
s
.
AI
an
aly
tics
let
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
tr
ac
k
s
tu
d
en
t p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
,
d
is
co
v
er
lear
n
in
g
g
ap
s
,
an
d
alter
teac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
i
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
an
d
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
to
co
llab
o
r
a
te
o
n
tailo
r
ed
c
o
u
r
s
es
b
y
AI
ca
n
ass
is
t
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
a
k
e
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
t
ea
ch
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
d
ata
[
5
0
]
.
AI
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
teac
h
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
tailo
r
ed
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
ass
is
ta
n
ce
an
d
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
e
v
alu
ate
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
o
f
f
er
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t,
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
m
o
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
[
5
1
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
E
s
co
tet
[
5
2
]
s
tated
th
at
AI
-
d
r
i
v
en
s
y
s
tem
s
m
ay
q
u
ick
ly
ass
ess
s
tu
d
en
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ata
an
d
ch
an
g
e
co
u
r
s
e
d
if
f
i
cu
lty
,
p
ac
e,
an
d
m
ater
ial
to
f
it
in
d
iv
id
u
al
lear
n
in
g
d
e
m
an
d
s
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
wea
k
n
ess
es
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
tar
g
eted
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
th
ese
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
p
er
s
o
n
alize
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
co
m
m
e
n
ts
,
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
,
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
lik
e
o
n
e
-
on
-
o
n
e
tu
to
r
in
g
.
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ex
am
in
e
s
tu
d
en
t
w
o
r
k
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
a
n
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
.
AI
-
d
etec
ted
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
p
atter
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
g
r
ea
te
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
5
3
]
.
Gr
ad
in
g
,
atten
d
an
ce
,
an
d
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
e
v
alu
atio
n
ar
e
au
t
o
m
ated
b
y
AI
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
'
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
wo
r
k
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
allo
ws
tim
e
f
o
r
less
o
n
p
lan
n
in
g
,
class
r
o
o
m
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
ized
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
AI
-
p
o
wer
e
d
v
ir
tu
al
class
r
o
o
m
s
allo
w
tail
o
r
ed
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t
with
AI
a
v
atar
s
as
teac
h
in
g
ass
is
tan
ts
.
Av
atar
s
ca
n
a
n
s
wer
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
ex
p
lain
co
m
p
le
x
to
p
ics,
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
lear
n
in
g
[
5
4
]
.
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
also
s
u
g
g
est
m
o
v
ies,
a
r
ticles,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
lear
n
er
.
T
h
ese
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
en
h
a
n
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
-
alig
n
ed
r
eso
u
r
c
es.
AI
ca
n
also
tailo
r
lear
n
in
g
r
o
u
tes f
o
r
k
i
d
s
with
lear
n
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lties
b
y
a
d
ju
s
tin
g
co
n
ten
t
an
d
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
tailo
r
ed
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
n
ee
d
it,
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
5
5
]
.
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
te
n
t
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
is
s
till
u
n
clea
r
,
wit
h
d
eb
ates
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
wh
eth
e
r
th
e
ar
tis
t,
u
s
er
,
o
r
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
u
ld
o
wn
r
ig
h
ts
.
L
eg
al
is
s
u
es
h
am
p
er
AI
-
g
e
n
e
r
ated
m
ater
ial,
esp
ec
ially
in
a
r
t,
m
u
s
ic,
liter
atu
r
e,
an
d
s
o
f
t
war
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Gen
er
ativ
e
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
t
r
a
in
ed
o
n
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
d
atasets
with
in
h
er
e
n
t
b
iases
,
wh
ich
m
ig
h
t
r
esu
lt
in
b
iased
lan
g
u
ag
e,
v
is
u
als,
o
r
c
h
o
ices
th
at
d
am
ag
e
p
ar
ticu
la
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
AI
-
g
e
n
er
ated
m
ate
r
ial
m
ig
h
t
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
etr
im
en
tal
s
ter
eo
ty
p
es a
n
d
b
i
ases
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
[
4
8
]
.
An
o
th
er
is
s
u
e
with
g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
is
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
.
W
h
en
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
ten
t
ca
u
s
es
r
ep
u
tatio
n
al
o
r
s
o
cieta
l
d
am
ag
e,
as
d
ee
p
f
a
k
e
v
id
eo
s
,
it
m
ig
h
t
b
e
h
a
r
d
to
h
o
ld
cr
ea
to
r
s
o
r
u
s
er
s
ac
co
u
n
t
ab
le.
AI
u
s
ag
e
laws
ar
e
h
ar
d
er
to
e
n
f
o
r
ce
with
o
u
t
ex
p
licit
cr
e
d
it.
Usi
n
g
g
en
e
r
ativ
e
AI
,
c
y
b
er
c
r
im
in
als
m
ay
d
ev
elo
p
c
o
m
p
lex
p
h
is
h
in
g
em
ails
,
m
alwa
r
e,
an
d
o
th
er
d
an
g
er
s
.
AI
-
g
en
er
at
ed
co
n
ten
t
m
ig
h
t
tr
ick
p
eo
p
l
e
in
to
click
in
g
o
n
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
lin
k
s
o
r
cr
ea
te
p
o
ly
m
o
r
p
h
ic
m
alwa
r
e
th
at
m
o
d
if
ie
s
its
co
d
e
to
av
o
id
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
[
4
9
]
.
Aca
d
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
ar
is
e
wh
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
s
e
g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
m
o
d
els
lik
e
g
en
er
ativ
e
p
r
e
-
tr
a
in
ed
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
to
wr
ite
ess
ay
s
,
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
s
,
an
d
c
o
d
e.
Allo
win
g
p
la
g
iar
i
s
m
an
d
d
e
v
alu
in
g
au
th
e
n
tic
s
tu
d
en
t
wo
r
k
co
u
ld
h
ar
m
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Gen
er
ativ
e
AI
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
co
m
p
ellin
g
f
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
AI
ca
n
c
r
ea
t
e
f
ak
e
n
ews,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
o
s
ts
,
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
au
d
io
/v
id
e
o
d
ee
p
f
a
k
es.
Pu
b
lic
tr
u
s
t
is
at
jeo
p
ar
d
y
d
u
e
to
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
id
ea
s
,
p
r
o
p
ag
atin
g
m
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
d
ef
am
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
s
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
[
5
3
]
–
[
5
5
]
.
5
.
1
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
io
ns
f
o
r
po
licy
a
nd
pra
ct
ice
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
n
ee
d
d
ef
in
ed
AI
eth
ics
an
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
u
s
e
eth
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
clu
s
iv
en
ess
an
d
f
air
n
ess
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
s
atis
f
y
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
al
l
p
u
p
ils
,
esp
ec
ially
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
u
n
d
er
p
r
i
v
ileg
ed
b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
[
5
6
]
.
T
o
p
r
eser
v
e
AI
-
co
llected
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata,
d
at
a
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
also
estab
lis
h
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
al
AI
to
o
l
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
p
o
ten
tia
l imp
a
ct
o
f g
en
er
a
tive
A
I
o
n
th
e
fu
tu
r
e
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
a
g
a
me
-
ch
a
n
g
er
…
(
P
r
ita
m
K
u
ma
r
)
1739
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
lear
n
i
n
g
r
esu
lts
,
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
AI
to
o
ls
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
c
atio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
AI
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
[
5
7
]
.
T
h
is
allian
ce
ca
n
c
r
ea
te
in
tu
itiv
e,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
,
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
ab
le
AI
ap
p
s
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
h
u
r
d
les
b
y
s
ettin
g
h
ig
h
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
in
v
esti
n
g
in
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t
[
5
8
]
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
will
h
elp
A
I
alter
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
e
q
u
ity
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Op
en
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ab
o
u
t
AI
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
s
to
r
ag
e
,
an
d
u
s
e
b
u
ild
s
tr
u
s
t
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
Go
v
er
n
m
en
ts
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
u
n
d
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
5
9
]
.
5
.
2
.
Dire
ct
io
ns
f
o
r
t
he
f
uture
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
to
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
af
f
e
cts
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
,
r
eten
tio
n
,
an
d
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
.
L
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
ca
n
h
elp
ac
ad
em
ics
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
AI
ef
f
o
r
ts
’
lo
n
g
ev
ity
an
d
ef
f
ic
ac
y
.
Mu
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
is
ts
,
eth
icis
ts
,
an
d
p
o
liti
cian
s
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
AI
’
s
co
m
p
l
icate
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Mu
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
o
lis
tic
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
eth
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
u
tu
r
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
.
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
h
o
w
AI
m
a
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
air
n
ess
an
d
in
clu
s
i
o
n
is
cr
u
cial.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es
ex
p
lo
r
i
n
g
way
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
u
n
d
er
p
r
iv
ileg
ed
a
n
d
m
ar
g
in
alize
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
en
e
f
i
t
eq
u
ally
f
r
o
m
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
r
em
o
v
in
g
b
a
r
r
ier
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
em
p
h
asize
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
ar
e
n
e
ed
ed
n
o
w.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
est
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
to
h
elp
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
lea
r
n
AI
to
o
ls
an
d
ad
ju
s
t
th
eir
te
ac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
As
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ad
o
p
ts
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
clea
r
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
an
d
laws a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
u
ld
e
x
am
in
e
h
o
w
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
m
ay
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
u
s
e
wh
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Fin
ally
,
in
q
u
ir
y
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
AI
-
en
h
an
ce
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
to
s
ee
if
th
ey
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t e
n
g
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AI
-
en
ab
led
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
lets
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
s
ca
le
cu
s
to
m
ized
lear
n
in
g
.
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
cu
s
to
m
ize
co
u
r
s
e
co
n
ten
t,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
p
ac
in
g
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lear
n
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
an
al
y
tics
f
r
o
m
AI
lets
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
tr
ac
k
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
id
en
tify
is
s
u
es,
an
d
ac
t
ea
r
l
y
wh
en
p
u
p
ils
ar
e
u
n
d
e
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
.
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
h
elp
s
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
tailo
r
th
eir
less
o
n
s
to
s
tu
d
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
u
s
in
g
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
T
S
a
r
e
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
izin
g
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
lem
e
n
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
teac
h
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
ese
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
ts
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tab
le
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
as
th
ey
ev
o
lv
e.
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
s
g
i
v
e
p
u
p
ils
f
ast
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
h
elp
in
g
th
e
m
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
f
laws.
T
h
is
tim
ely
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
m
o
tes
a
g
r
o
wth
m
en
tality
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
tiv
ely
lear
n
an
d
a
d
ap
t
to
t
h
eir
s
tu
d
y
h
ab
its
.
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
AI
ass
ess
m
en
ts
en
co
u
r
ag
e
r
e
p
etitio
n
,
wh
ich
im
p
r
o
v
es
r
eten
tio
n
a
n
d
s
k
ill
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
ev
alu
atio
n
s
b
o
o
s
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es
b
y
p
er
s
o
n
alizin
g
an
d
ad
ap
tin
g
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
r
esear
ch
.
T
ailo
r
in
g
le
ar
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
im
p
r
o
v
es
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
a
ca
d
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
AI
-
au
t
o
m
ated
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
allo
w
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
t
o
s
p
en
d
m
o
r
e
o
n
teac
h
in
g
an
d
less
o
n
g
r
ad
in
g
.
T
h
is
ef
f
icien
cy
im
p
r
o
v
es
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
es
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
t
a
n
d
v
ar
ied
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
wh
ich
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
t
u
d
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
.
A
I
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
es
team
wo
r
k
,
cu
s
to
m
izes
lear
n
in
g
p
at
h
way
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tes
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
to
b
o
o
s
t
s
tu
d
en
t
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
co
n
ten
t
an
d
p
ee
r
s
.
AI
’
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
a
n
d
in
q
u
ir
y
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
s
f
lex
ib
le,
e
n
g
ag
in
g
,
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
th
at
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
life
.
AI
is
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
teac
h
in
g
,
p
er
s
o
n
alizin
g
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
allo
win
g
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
to
b
ec
o
m
e
lear
n
in
g
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
o
tr
u
l
y
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
AI
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
,
team
wo
r
k
,
a
n
d
eth
ics
as
th
ey
ad
ap
t.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
icac
y
,
s
tu
d
e
n
t
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
q
u
ity
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
AI
.
AI
h
as
im
m
en
s
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
b
u
t
it
p
o
s
es
co
m
p
licated
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
E
th
ical
A
I
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
e
s
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
d
at
a
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
tack
lin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias,
en
s
u
r
in
g
f
air
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
o
p
en
n
ess
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
E
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
eth
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
AI
in
e
d
u
c
atio
n
wo
u
ld
allo
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
lev
er
a
g
e
its
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial w
h
ile
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
f
air
n
ess
,
eq
u
ity
,
a
n
d
tr
u
s
ted
m
o
d
er
n
w
o
r
ld
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
7
3
1
-
1
7
4
2
1740
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
N
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
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ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
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tio
n
s
,
r
ed
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ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
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r
atio
n
.
Na
m
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o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
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Vi
Su
P
Fu
Pritam
Ku
m
ar
✓
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Am
ar
jeet
Sin
g
h
Ma
s
tan
a
✓
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C
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R
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p
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✓
✓
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✓
Do
n
y
awa
n
C
h
an
to
k
u
l
✓
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C
:
C
o
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p
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t
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M
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So
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Va
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Va
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