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n
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
a
r
i
ab
les
t
h
a
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
t
o
o
r
h
in
d
er
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
is
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
[
4
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
is
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
itu
atio
n
al
an
x
iety
th
at
e
m
er
g
es
in
co
n
tex
ts
in
v
o
lv
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
ath
letic
ac
tiv
ities
,
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
o
f
te
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
eig
h
ten
ed
s
tr
ess
,
f
ea
r
o
f
j
u
d
g
m
en
t,
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
p
h
y
s
ical
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
a
n
x
iety
m
ay
s
tem
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
elf
-
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
s
o
cial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
o
r
th
e
f
ea
r
o
f
f
ailu
r
e,
wh
ich
ca
n
tr
ig
g
er
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
es
lik
e
n
er
v
o
u
s
n
ess
,
s
elf
-
d
o
u
b
t,
a
n
d
e
v
en
av
o
id
a
n
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
6
]
.
Fo
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
t
h
eir
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
s
o
cial
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
e
ttin
g
s
wh
er
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
is
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
t
h
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
with
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
-
r
elate
d
a
n
x
iety
m
ay
e
x
h
ib
it
r
elu
cta
n
ce
o
r
ev
en
r
ef
u
s
al
to
p
a
r
ticip
ate
in
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
ich
ca
n
h
in
d
e
r
th
eir
p
h
y
s
ical
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
s
o
ci
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
lim
it
th
e
ir
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
g
r
o
wth
i
n
team
wo
r
k
a
n
d
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
[
7
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
is
an
x
iety
ca
n
d
etr
ac
t
f
r
o
m
th
eir
o
v
e
r
all
ac
ad
em
ic
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
as
th
e
s
tr
ess
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
h
y
s
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ay
ca
r
r
y
o
v
er
i
n
to
o
th
e
r
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
life
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
f
o
cu
s
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
an
d
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
[
8
]
.
L
if
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
r
ess
u
r
es,
s
o
cial
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
ch
allen
g
es,
with
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
i
ety
em
er
g
in
g
as
a
n
o
tab
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
[
9
]
.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ac
in
g
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
an
x
iety
r
elate
d
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
ten
r
ep
o
r
t lo
wer
life
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
,
as th
e
s
tr
ess
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
in
ad
eq
u
ac
y
a
n
d
s
elf
-
d
o
u
b
t.
T
h
is
an
x
iety
m
ay
b
e
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
h
eig
h
ten
ed
s
cr
u
tin
y
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ettin
g
,
wh
e
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
ab
o
u
t
p
ee
r
ju
d
g
m
en
t
a
n
d
f
ea
r
o
f
f
ailu
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
Su
ch
an
x
ieties
n
o
t
o
n
ly
d
eter
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
en
g
ag
in
g
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
b
u
t
m
ay
also
n
eg
ativ
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
eir
o
v
er
a
ll
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
s
en
s
e
o
f
well
-
b
ein
g
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
cr
u
cial
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
an
er
a
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
ac
e
am
p
lifie
d
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
p
r
ess
u
r
es,
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ica
l
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
-
r
elate
d
an
x
iety
ca
n
wo
r
s
en
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
is
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
b
o
t
h
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
in
t
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
1
2
]
.
A
g
r
o
win
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
h
as
in
v
esti
g
ated
life
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
at
it
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
v
a
r
io
u
s
ac
ad
em
ic,
s
o
cial,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
h
o
wn
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t,
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
p
in
g
s
k
ills
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
h
ig
h
er
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
,
Ma
ele
an
d
Ho
u
tte
[
1
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
teac
h
er
-
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
,
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ex
p
er
ien
ce
lo
wer
lev
els
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
an
x
iety
ten
d
to
r
ep
o
r
t
g
r
ea
ter
li
f
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
[
1
6
]
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
ex
tr
ac
u
r
r
icu
lar
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
p
o
r
ts
,
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
r
r
elate
s
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
as th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
s
ter
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Fu
r
th
er
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
h
a
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
th
is
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
n
x
iety
.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ath
letes,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
t
h
at
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
x
iety
,
o
f
ten
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
“
ch
o
k
in
g
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e
”
,
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
th
at
af
f
ec
ts
b
o
th
in
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
team
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
lev
els.
Stu
d
y
b
y
Xin
r
u
an
d
Ah
m
a
d
[
1
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
is
an
x
iet
y
o
f
ten
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ea
r
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
,
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
is
m
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
im
p
ed
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
m
o
t
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
u
ltima
tely
af
f
ec
tin
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
u
tco
m
es.
I
n
a
b
r
o
ad
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
also
s
tu
d
ied
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
am
o
n
g
am
a
teu
r
ath
letes
an
d
f
itn
ess
en
th
u
s
iast
s
,
wh
er
e
an
x
iety
is
l
in
k
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
also
to
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
b
o
d
y
im
a
g
e
co
n
c
er
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Özy
o
l
[
1
9
]
in
d
icate
d
th
at
am
ate
u
r
ath
lete
s
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
s
o
cial
p
h
y
s
iq
u
e
an
x
iety
-
wo
r
r
y
o
v
er
h
o
w
o
t
h
er
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
eir
p
h
y
s
ical
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
-
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
av
o
i
d
en
g
ag
in
g
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
ac
tin
g
th
eir
o
v
er
all
h
ea
lth
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
am
in
ed
i
n
clin
ical
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
an
x
iet
y
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
o
f
ten
e
x
h
ib
it
h
eig
h
ten
ed
a
n
x
iety
ar
o
u
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ex
er
tio
n
d
u
e
t
o
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
s
u
ch
as in
cr
ea
s
ed
h
ea
r
t r
ate,
wh
ic
h
th
ey
m
ay
i
n
ter
p
r
et
as p
a
n
ic
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
[
2
0
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
ex
am
in
i
n
g
life
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
p
o
r
ts
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
,
a
n
o
tab
le
g
a
p
r
em
ain
s
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
th
ese
two
v
ar
iab
les
in
ter
s
ec
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
co
n
tex
t.
M
u
ch
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
o
n
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
,
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
o
r
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
,
wh
ile
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
h
av
e
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
tly
tar
g
eted
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
ath
letes
o
r
clin
ical
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
g
e
n
er
al
s
tu
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
d
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
ten
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
h
o
w
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
f
lu
en
ce
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
well
-
b
ein
g
am
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
en
ts
n
av
ig
atin
g
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
is
g
ap
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
an
an
s
wer
o
n
h
o
w
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
af
f
e
cts
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
en
ts
in
a
lea
d
in
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
4
4
-
1
8
5
5
1846
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
lies
in
it
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
Fil
ip
in
o
co
ll
eg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
u
b
ject
to
u
n
iq
u
e
ac
ad
em
i
c
d
em
an
d
s
a
n
d
cu
ltu
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al
in
f
lu
e
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ce
s
th
at
m
a
y
s
h
a
p
e
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
an
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
d
if
f
er
en
tly
th
a
n
in
o
th
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
B
y
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
e
r
s
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
h
o
w
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
u
n
iq
u
ely
a
f
f
ec
ts
Fil
ip
in
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
life
s
atis
f
a
ctio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
f
o
u
n
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atio
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f
o
r
cu
ltu
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ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
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s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t b
o
th
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
en
g
ag
em
en
t in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
is
r
esear
c
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
as
it
ad
d
r
ess
es
a
n
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
y
et
cr
itical
asp
ec
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
well
-
b
ein
g
b
y
ex
am
in
i
n
g
h
o
w
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
a
lead
in
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
State
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
.
B
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
u
n
iq
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e
ac
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ic,
s
o
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a
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d
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lt
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p
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s
o
f
Fil
ip
in
o
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tu
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i
s
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d
y
co
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ib
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alu
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tu
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m
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ea
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n
d
q
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if
e.
T
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f
in
d
in
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s
ar
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x
p
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to
in
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lth
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p
p
o
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x
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r
elate
d
t
o
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
th
er
eb
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
at
p
r
o
m
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tes
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h
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g
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
h
is
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esear
ch
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
f
ills
a
cr
itical
g
ap
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
b
u
t
also
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
h
o
lis
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
s
tu
d
en
t
d
e
v
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p
m
en
t,
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ig
h
lig
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e
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ee
d
f
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p
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s
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d
p
o
licies
th
at
co
n
s
id
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th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
im
p
ac
tin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
ay
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ain
a
d
ee
p
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u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
h
o
w
ad
d
r
es
s
in
g
p
h
y
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ical
an
x
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ca
n
en
h
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ce
o
v
er
all
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
in
b
o
th
ac
ad
e
m
ic
an
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ad
e
m
ic
r
ea
lm
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
d
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
s
p
o
r
ts
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
i
ety
an
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
a
lead
in
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
State
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
eth
o
d
th
at
r
e
lies
o
n
q
u
an
tifia
b
le
d
ata
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a,
d
r
awin
g
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
d
ata.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es,
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
en
ab
les
o
b
jectiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
an
d
g
en
er
aliza
b
le
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
s
u
itab
l
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
aim
to
q
u
an
ti
f
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
n
d
test
h
y
p
o
th
eses
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
eth
o
d
ex
am
i
n
es
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les
with
o
u
t
m
an
ip
u
latin
g
th
em
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
,
an
d
q
u
a
n
tify
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
.
U
n
lik
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
estab
lis
h
es
ca
u
s
atio
n
,
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
allo
ws
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
wee
n
v
ar
iab
les
as
th
ey
n
atu
r
ally
o
cc
u
r
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
two
o
r
m
o
r
e
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
r
ath
er
th
an
ca
u
s
ativ
e
f
ac
to
r
s
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
as
t
h
ey
alig
n
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
ass
ess
in
g
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
a
n
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
l
ev
els
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
i
n
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
v
ar
iab
les.
Giv
en
th
at
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
id
en
tify
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
wit
h
o
u
t
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
o
r
m
an
ip
u
latin
g
an
y
v
ar
iab
les,
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
c
ap
tu
r
in
g
th
e
n
atu
r
al
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
p
o
r
ts
an
x
iety
an
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
allo
ws
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
d
r
aw
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
in
th
e
tar
g
eted
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
ar
e
b
o
th
r
eliab
le
an
d
r
elev
an
t
to
t
h
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
e
d
a
to
ta
l
o
f
2
,
0
4
3
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
wh
o
wer
e
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
p
l
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
o
m
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
a
lead
in
g
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
State
Un
iv
er
s
i
ty
.
T
h
is
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
e
n
s
u
r
ed
t
h
at
ea
ch
s
t
u
d
en
t
h
a
d
an
eq
u
al
c
h
an
ce
o
f
b
ein
g
ch
o
s
en
,
th
e
r
eb
y
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
a
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
e
an
d
u
n
b
iased
s
am
p
le
o
f
th
e
la
r
g
er
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
ask
ed
to
co
m
p
lete
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ass
ess
in
g
th
eir
lev
els o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
as we
ll a
s
th
eir
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Simp
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
is
a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
s
am
p
lin
g
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
ev
er
y
o
n
e
with
in
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
an
e
q
u
al
ch
a
n
ce
o
f
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
in
im
izes
s
am
p
lin
g
b
ias
an
d
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
wh
ich
is
cr
itical
wh
en
th
e
g
o
al
is
to
ass
e
s
s
b
r
o
ad
tr
en
d
s
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
in
a
lar
g
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
2
,
0
4
3
is
b
o
th
s
u
f
f
icien
t
a
n
d
s
tatis
ticall
y
s
tr
o
n
g
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
aly
s
is
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
at
th
e
d
at
a
g
ath
er
e
d
is
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
s
tu
d
en
t
b
o
d
y
.
L
ar
g
e
s
am
p
le
s
izes,
s
u
ch
as
th
is
o
n
e,
also
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
tatis
tical
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
m
a
r
g
in
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
r
esu
lts
b
et
wee
n
s
p
o
r
ts
an
x
iety
an
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
th
e
z
o
n
e
o
r
o
u
t
o
f b
o
u
n
d
s
?
Ho
w
s
p
o
r
ts
a
n
d
p
h
ysica
l a
ctiv
ity
a
n
xiety
a
ffects life
…
(
Ma
r
l
o
n
A
.
Ma
n
c
era
)
1847
2
.
3
.
Resea
r
ch
ins
t
rum
ent
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
two
p
r
im
a
r
y
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
a
n
x
ie
ty
as
well
as
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
co
ll
eg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
s
p
o
r
t
an
x
iety
s
ca
le
(
PASAS
)
,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
No
r
to
n
et
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
was
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
ass
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
l
ev
els
o
f
an
x
iety
r
elate
d
to
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
.
PASAS
s
p
ec
if
ically
g
au
g
es
an
x
iety
tr
ig
g
er
ed
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
t
iv
ity
s
ettin
g
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
t
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
elf
-
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ab
ilit
y
.
W
ith
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
8
6
,
th
e
PASAS
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
m
ak
in
g
it
a
r
eliab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
ev
a
lu
atin
g
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
d
ex
(
L
SI)
,
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
Neu
g
ar
te
n
et
a
l
.
[
3
0
]
titl
ed
“
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
”
,
was u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
o
v
er
all
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
L
SI
is
a
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
ev
alu
ates
k
e
y
asp
ec
ts
o
f
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ze
s
t
f
o
r
life
,
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
p
er
s
o
n
al
g
o
als
an
d
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
,
m
o
o
d
,
an
d
s
elf
-
co
n
ce
p
t.
T
h
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
h
as
s
h
o
wn
a
h
ig
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
9
to
0
.
8
9
,
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
te
n
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
I
ts
ap
p
licatio
n
in
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
m
ak
es
it
an
ess
en
tial
to
o
l
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
2
.
4
.
St
a
t
is
t
ica
l a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tics
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ea
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
,
to
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
an
d
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
lev
els
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
as
well
as
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
av
e
r
ag
e
s
co
r
e,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
ten
d
e
n
cy
o
f
ea
ch
v
ar
ia
b
le,
wh
ile
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
o
f
f
er
s
an
o
v
er
all
m
ea
s
u
r
e
b
y
a
g
g
r
eg
atin
g
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
item
m
ea
n
s
with
in
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
clea
r
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
g
en
er
al
an
x
iety
lev
els
in
p
h
y
s
ic
al
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
th
eir
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
o
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
ia
b
les,
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
r
h
o
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
was
em
p
lo
y
e
d
.
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
r
h
o
is
a
n
o
n
-
p
ar
am
et
r
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
r
an
k
co
r
r
elatio
n
,
wh
ic
h
ass
ess
es
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
a
m
o
n
o
to
n
ic
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
two
v
a
r
iab
les.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
wh
en
d
ea
lin
g
with
o
r
d
in
al
d
ata
o
r
wh
en
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
ality
ar
e
n
o
t m
et,
as
it d
o
es n
o
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
th
e
d
ata
to
b
e
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
[3
1
]
.
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
r
h
o
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
an
d
li
f
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
a
b
l
e
1
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
l
e
v
el
s
o
f
s
p
o
r
t
s
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
a
ct
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
x
ie
t
y
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
d
a
t
a
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
s
k
e
y
a
s
p
e
c
ts
o
f
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
i
n
s
p
o
r
t
s
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
ct
i
v
i
t
y
c
o
n
t
e
x
ts
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
s
e
r
v
e
a
s
a
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
ct
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
x
i
et
y
m
a
y
r
e
l
a
t
e
t
o
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
l
i
f
e
s
at
i
s
f
ac
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sp
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
a
ctiv
ity
an
x
iety
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
S
t
a
t
e
me
n
t
s
W
e
i
g
h
t
e
d
mea
n
V
e
r
b
a
l
d
e
scr
i
p
t
i
o
n
1
.
I
f
e
e
l
n
e
r
v
o
u
s
i
f
o
t
h
e
r
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
a
t
c
h
me
w
h
e
n
I
a
m
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
i
n
g
/
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
u
t
2
.
6
0
A
g
r
e
e
2
.
I
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
g
e
t
n
e
r
v
o
u
s
w
h
e
n
I
p
l
a
y
s
p
o
r
t
s i
n
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
e
v
e
n
a
f
e
w
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
2
.
5
6
A
g
r
e
e
3
.
I
a
m
a
f
r
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
i
l
l
f
i
n
d
f
a
u
l
t
w
i
t
h
m
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
w
h
i
l
e
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
sp
o
r
t
s
2
.
5
4
A
g
r
e
e
4
.
S
o
me
t
i
mes
I
t
h
i
n
k
I
a
m
t
o
o
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
w
h
a
t
o
t
h
e
r
p
e
o
p
l
e
t
h
i
n
k
a
b
o
u
t
my
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
w
h
i
l
e
e
x
e
r
c
i
si
n
g
/
w
o
r
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s
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4
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i
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ab
le
3
.
T
est o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
ie
ty
an
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
P
a
i
r
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
S
p
e
a
r
m
a
n
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h
o
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o
r
r
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l
a
t
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n
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f
f
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p
-
v
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l
u
e
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n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
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o
n
α=
0
.
0
5
S
p
o
r
t
s a
n
d
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
a
n
x
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y
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n
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-
0
.
1
1
4
**
0
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0
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0
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5
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Sp
o
rt
s
a
nd
ph
y
s
ica
l a
ct
i
v
it
y
a
nx
iet
y
a
m
o
ng
t
he
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
lev
els
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
a
n
x
iety
am
o
n
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
2
.
3
3
,
wh
ic
h
is
in
ter
p
r
ete
d
as
“
lo
w
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
.
”
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at,
o
n
av
er
ag
e,
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
m
in
im
al
an
x
iety
in
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
co
n
tex
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
m
o
s
t stu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l r
elativ
ely
at
ea
s
e
wh
en
en
g
ag
in
g
in
s
u
ch
ac
tiv
it
ies.
A
lo
w
lev
el
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
im
p
lies
th
at
th
e
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
m
ay
h
av
e
f
ewe
r
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
wh
ich
c
o
u
ld
p
o
s
itiv
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
eir
willin
g
n
ess
to
en
g
ag
e
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
a
h
ea
lth
ier
life
s
ty
le.
T
h
is
r
esu
l
t
also
s
et
s
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
th
eir
co
m
f
o
r
t
with
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
m
ay
r
elate
to
o
th
er
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
th
eir
well
-
b
ein
g
,
s
u
c
h
as lif
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
h
av
i
n
g
a
lo
w
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
u
g
g
ests
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
ac
tiv
e
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
i
n
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
with
o
u
t
th
e
h
in
d
r
an
ce
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
r
elate
d
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
o
cial
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t.
T
h
is
lo
w
an
x
iety
lev
el
m
ay
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
ette
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
r
ates
in
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
ex
er
cise,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
,
m
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
R
ed
u
ce
d
an
x
iet
y
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
s
ettin
g
s
co
u
ld
f
o
s
te
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
li
f
elo
n
g
f
itn
ess
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
,
as
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
less
lik
ely
to
av
o
id
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
d
u
e
to
f
ea
r
o
r
s
elf
-
co
n
s
cio
u
s
n
ess
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
l
o
w
s
p
o
r
ts
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
ca
n
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
h
ea
lth
b
e
n
ef
its
b
u
t
also
to
a
m
o
r
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
en
g
a
g
ed
s
tu
d
en
t c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
th
e
z
o
n
e
o
r
o
u
t
o
f b
o
u
n
d
s
?
Ho
w
s
p
o
r
ts
a
n
d
p
h
ysica
l a
ctiv
ity
a
n
xiety
a
ffects life
…
(
Ma
r
l
o
n
A
.
Ma
n
c
era
)
1849
Fu
r
th
er
,
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
is
c
r
u
cial
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
it
f
o
s
ter
s
p
h
y
s
ical,
m
en
tal,
an
d
s
o
cial
well
-
b
ein
g
.
R
ed
u
cin
g
an
x
iety
allo
ws
th
em
to
e
n
g
ag
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
i
d
en
tly
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
ich
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
o
v
e
r
all
h
ea
lth
,
b
o
o
s
t
s
elf
-
esteem
,
an
d
b
u
ild
r
esil
ien
ce
[3
2
]
.
W
h
en
th
ey
ca
n
p
ar
ticip
ate
with
o
u
t
f
ea
r
o
r
a
p
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
en
jo
y
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
ex
er
cise,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
tr
ess
,
en
h
an
ce
d
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
an
d
b
etter
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
[3
3
]
.
Sp
o
r
ts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
a
v
en
u
e
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
team
wo
r
k
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ill
s
[3
4
]
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
an
d
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
in
g
t
h
is
an
x
iety
em
p
o
wer
s
y
o
u
n
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
to
lead
ac
tiv
e,
b
alan
ce
d
life
s
ty
les
an
d
cu
ltiv
ates
life
lo
n
g
h
ab
its
th
at
p
o
s
itiv
ely
im
p
ac
t th
eir
q
u
ality
o
f
life
a
n
d
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[3
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
tatem
en
t
“
I
f
ee
l
n
er
v
o
u
s
if
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le
watc
h
m
e
wh
en
I
am
ex
er
cisi
n
g
/wo
r
k
in
g
out
”
r
ec
eiv
e
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
2
.
6
0
,
with
a
v
er
b
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
"
a
g
r
ee
"
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at,
d
esp
ite
an
o
v
er
all
lo
w
lev
el
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
,
a
n
o
tab
le
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
s
till
f
ee
l
s
elf
-
co
n
s
cio
u
s
o
r
u
n
ea
s
y
wh
e
n
b
ein
g
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
o
cial
ev
alu
ativ
e
an
x
iety
,
o
r
th
e
f
ea
r
o
f
b
ein
g
j
u
d
g
ed
b
y
o
th
er
s
,
r
em
ain
s
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
im
p
ac
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
co
m
f
o
r
t
lev
els
in
f
itn
ess
s
ettin
g
s
.
Su
ch
f
ee
li
n
g
s
m
ay
d
eter
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
f
u
lly
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
ex
er
cises
o
r
p
u
b
lic
wo
r
k
o
u
ts
,
p
o
ten
tially
lim
itin
g
th
eir
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t
in
b
en
ef
icial
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
p
o
in
tin
g
to
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e,
ju
d
g
m
en
t
-
f
r
ee
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
in
ex
er
cise sp
ac
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
b
ein
g
ju
d
g
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
b
y
in
s
till
in
g
f
ea
r
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
lead
in
g
to
h
ei
g
h
ten
ed
a
n
x
iety
.
T
h
is
f
ea
r
ca
n
d
eter
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
r
o
m
tr
y
in
g
n
ew
ac
tiv
ities
o
r
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
s
p
o
r
ts
,
as
th
ey
m
ay
wo
r
r
y
a
b
o
u
t
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
,
o
r
s
k
ill
lev
el
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
p
ee
r
s
[3
6
]
.
Su
ch
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
cy
cle
o
f
av
o
id
a
n
ce
,
wh
er
e
th
e
an
x
iety
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
ju
d
g
m
en
t
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
in
ad
eq
u
ac
y
a
n
d
d
is
co
u
r
ag
es
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
[3
7
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
ca
n
lim
it
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
s
k
ill
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
b
en
ef
its
th
at
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
r
eg
u
la
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
i
n
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
[3
8
]
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
s
t
a
t
em
e
n
t
“I
d
o
n
’
t
w
an
t
t
h
e
b
a
l
l
to
c
o
m
e
t
o
m
e
wh
e
n
I
p
l
a
y
tea
m
s
p
o
r
t
s
”
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
l
o
we
s
t
m
ea
n
s
c
o
r
e
o
f
2
.
0
9
,
w
i
t
h
a
v
er
b
a
l
d
es
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
“
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
”
.
T
h
i
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
th
a
t
m
o
s
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
d
o
n
o
t
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
o
r
a
p
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
o
n
wh
e
n
i
t
c
o
m
e
s
t
o
ac
ti
v
e
l
y
p
a
r
t
ic
i
p
a
t
in
g
i
n
t
e
a
m
s
p
o
r
t
s
.
T
h
e
ir
d
i
s
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
t
h
i
s
s
t
a
t
e
m
en
t
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
w
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l
l
i
n
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t
o
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n
g
ag
e
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n
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a
m
ep
l
a
y
a
n
d
t
a
k
e
o
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r
o
l
e
s
th
a
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
b
a
ll
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
o
r
in
v
o
l
v
em
e
n
t,
r
ef
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
le
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
i
n
th
e
i
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
p
o
s
i
t
iv
e
a
t
t
i
tu
d
e
to
w
a
r
d
s
p
a
r
t
ic
i
p
a
t
io
n
in
t
e
a
m
s
p
o
r
t
s
c
a
n
f
o
s
t
er
a
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
c
a
m
a
r
ad
er
i
e
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
io
n
am
o
n
g
p
e
e
r
s
,
u
lt
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
en
h
an
c
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
s
o
c
ia
l
i
n
te
r
a
c
t
io
n
an
d
o
v
er
a
l
l
e
n
jo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
c
al
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
.
M
a
n
y
y
o
u
th
s
t
o
d
ay
ex
p
er
i
e
n
ce
l
e
s
s
a
n
x
i
e
ty
o
r
a
p
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
o
n
ab
o
u
t
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
in
g
in
te
a
m
s
p
o
r
t
s
d
u
e
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o
a
m
o
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
in
c
lu
s
i
v
e
c
u
l
tu
r
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
iv
i
t
y
[3
9
]
.
W
i
t
h
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
em
p
h
a
s
i
s
o
n
t
e
a
m
w
o
r
k
,
c
o
o
p
er
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
v
er
c
o
m
p
et
i
t
i
o
n
,
y
o
u
n
g
a
th
l
e
t
e
s
o
f
t
en
f
e
e
l
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
d
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
e
r
e
g
a
r
d
l
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
ir
s
k
i
l
l
l
e
v
e
l
[
40
]
.
T
h
e
r
i
s
e
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
a
n
d
d
ig
i
t
a
l
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
a
l
l
o
w
s
y
o
u
t
h
s
t
o
co
n
n
e
c
t
a
n
d
s
h
a
r
e
th
e
i
r
e
x
p
er
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
r
ed
u
c
in
g
f
ee
l
i
n
g
s
o
f
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
ju
d
g
m
en
t
(
E
s
c
o
b
a
r
-
V
i
e
r
a)
.
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
p
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
w
a
r
en
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s
s
a
l
s
o
h
e
l
p
n
o
r
m
a
l
iz
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
i
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
an
x
i
e
ty
,
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
i
t
h
co
p
in
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
an
d
f
o
s
t
e
r
in
g
a
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
[
41
]
.
T
o
g
et
h
e
r
,
th
e
s
e
f
a
c
to
r
s
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
th
a
t
em
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
o
u
t
h
s
t
o
en
g
ag
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
t
ea
m
s
p
o
r
t
s
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
.
4
.
2
.
L
if
e
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
i
o
n o
f
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lev
els.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
s
o
f
2
.
7
0
,
d
escr
ib
e
d
as
“
m
o
d
er
a
te
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
”
,
in
d
icate
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
b
alan
ce
d
s
en
s
e
o
f
co
n
ten
tm
en
t
in
t
h
eir
liv
es,
th
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
ex
ce
p
tio
n
ally
h
ig
h
.
T
h
is
s
co
r
e
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
wh
ile
m
an
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
in
d
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
eir
liv
es
s
atis
f
y
in
g
,
th
er
e
ar
e
o
th
er
a
r
ea
s
wh
er
e
th
e
y
f
ee
l
n
eu
tr
al
o
r
o
n
ly
s
o
m
ewh
at
f
u
lf
illed
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
lik
ely
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
m
ix
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
less
s
atis
f
y
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
r
ef
lectin
g
a
m
o
d
er
ate
o
u
tlo
o
k
o
n
th
eir
o
v
er
all
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
b
alan
ce
d
s
co
r
e
p
o
i
n
ts
to
a
n
av
er
ag
e
lev
el
o
f
well
-
b
ein
g
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ay
f
ee
l
n
eith
er
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
s
atis
f
ied
n
o
r
d
ee
p
ly
d
is
s
atis
f
ied
wi
th
th
eir
cu
r
r
e
n
t lif
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
er
ate
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
r
e
m
ee
tin
g
b
asic
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
h
a
v
in
g
s
o
m
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
m
ay
b
e
u
n
m
et
n
ee
d
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
eir
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
.
I
t
in
d
icate
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
m
ig
h
t
b
e
m
o
r
e
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
s
tr
ess
o
r
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
eir
s
en
s
e
o
f
f
u
lf
illme
n
t m
a
y
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
en
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ai
n
s
t e
x
ter
n
al
p
r
ess
u
r
es.
Desp
ite
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
izatio
n
,
m
a
n
y
y
o
u
th
s
to
d
ay
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
ly
m
o
d
er
ate
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ad
o
x
a
r
is
es
as
m
o
d
er
n
izatio
n
,
wh
i
le
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
g
r
ea
ter
ac
ce
s
s
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
als
o
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
u
n
iq
u
e
p
r
ess
u
r
es
[
42
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
v
asiv
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
an
d
h
ig
h
ac
a
d
em
ic
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
ten
lead
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tr
ess
an
d
a
n
x
iety
,
ad
v
er
s
ely
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
well
-
b
ein
g
[
43
]
.
T
h
e
f
ast
-
p
ac
ed
life
s
ty
le
ass
o
ciate
d
with
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
a
r
y
s
o
ciety
ca
n
lead
t
o
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
is
o
latio
n
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
4
4
-
1
8
5
5
1850
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
m
ak
in
g
it
c
h
a
llen
g
in
g
f
o
r
y
o
u
t
h
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
li
f
e
am
id
s
t
co
m
p
lex
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
a
n
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
[
44
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
item
s
,
th
e
s
tatem
en
t
“I
ex
p
ec
t
s
o
m
e
in
te
r
esti
n
g
an
d
p
leasan
t
th
i
n
g
s
to
h
ap
p
en
t
o
m
e
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e”
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
.
3
1
,
with
a
v
er
b
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
“
a
g
r
ee
”
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
g
en
er
ally
m
ain
tain
an
o
p
tim
is
tic
o
u
tlo
o
k
an
d
an
ticip
ate
p
o
s
itiv
e
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
s
.
T
h
eir
s
tr
o
n
g
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
e
n
jo
y
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
ts
r
ef
lect
t
h
at,
d
esp
ite
a
m
o
d
e
r
ate
o
v
er
all
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
m
an
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
o
ld
a
h
o
p
ef
u
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
th
eir
f
u
tu
r
es.
T
h
is
o
p
tim
is
m
m
ay
s
er
v
e
as
a
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
,
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
th
em
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
g
o
als
an
d
r
em
ain
e
n
g
ag
e
d
in
ac
tiv
ities
alig
n
ed
with
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
g
r
o
wth
an
d
asp
ir
atio
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
to
d
ay
’
s
y
o
u
th
s
ten
d
to
cu
ltiv
ate
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tlo
o
k
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
,
d
r
iv
en
b
y
d
iv
er
s
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
a
g
lo
b
al
a
war
en
ess
o
f
s
o
cial
p
r
o
g
r
ess
.
Mo
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
em
p
o
wer
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
le
to
c
o
n
n
ec
t,
lear
n
,
an
d
m
o
b
ilize
ar
o
u
n
d
ca
u
s
es
th
at
r
eso
n
ate
with
th
em
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
ag
e
n
cy
an
d
h
o
p
e
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
ese
m
o
v
em
en
t
s
in
s
p
ir
e
m
an
y
y
o
u
th
s
to
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
cr
itical
is
s
u
es
lik
e
clim
ate
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
eir
b
elief
in
a
m
o
r
e
eq
u
itab
le
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
wo
r
ld
.
Su
c
h
f
ac
to
r
s
cu
ltiv
ate
o
p
tim
is
m
,
m
o
tiv
atin
g
y
o
u
n
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
t
o
en
v
is
io
n
an
d
wo
r
k
to
war
d
a
f
u
tu
r
e
th
at
alig
n
s
with
th
eir
id
ea
ls
an
d
asp
ir
atio
n
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
s
tatem
en
t
“
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
t
h
in
g
s
I
d
o
a
r
e
b
o
r
i
n
g
o
r
m
o
n
o
to
n
o
u
s
”
r
ec
eiv
e
d
t
h
e
lo
west
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
2
.
4
4
,
with
a
v
e
r
b
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
“
d
is
ag
r
ee
”
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
g
en
er
ally
d
o
n
o
t p
e
r
ce
iv
e
th
eir
d
aily
ac
tiv
ities
as d
u
ll o
r
r
ep
etitiv
e,
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
a
lev
el
o
f
en
g
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
in
ter
est in
th
eir
r
o
u
tin
es.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
elem
en
t
s
o
f
r
o
u
tin
e
e
x
is
t,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
th
at
th
eir
ac
tiv
ities
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
o
u
g
h
v
ar
iety
an
d
s
tim
u
latio
n
t
o
av
o
id
b
o
r
e
d
o
m
.
T
h
is
lo
w
s
co
r
e
im
p
lies
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
in
d
m
ea
n
in
g
o
r
en
jo
y
m
en
t
i
n
th
eir
d
aily
task
s
,
wh
ich
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes to
th
eir
o
v
er
all
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
f
in
d
in
g
m
ea
n
in
g
in
d
aily
ac
tiv
ities
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
en
h
an
ce
s
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
f
u
lf
ill
m
en
t
[4
6
]
.
W
h
en
in
d
iv
id
u
als
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
eir
d
aily
task
s
as
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l,
th
e
y
ex
p
er
ien
ce
g
r
ea
ter
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
en
g
ag
em
en
t,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
o
v
er
all
well
-
b
ein
g
[4
7
]
.
M
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
ac
tiv
ities
alig
n
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
alu
es
with
ac
tio
n
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
lo
o
p
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tes
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
ev
en
in
r
o
u
tin
e
task
s
[4
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
en
s
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
ca
n
a
ct
as
a
b
u
f
f
er
a
g
ain
s
t
s
tr
ess
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
tab
le
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
a
s
atis
f
y
in
g
a
n
d
en
r
ic
h
ed
life
,
as
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
ee
l
th
at
th
eir
ef
f
o
r
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
g
r
ea
ter
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
b
ey
o
n
d
im
m
e
d
iate
o
u
tco
m
es
[
49
]
.
4
.
3
.
R
ela
t
io
ns
hip
bet
wee
n t
h
e
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
’
s
po
rt
s
a
nd
ph
y
s
ica
l a
nx
iet
y
a
nd
life
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n
I
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
an
d
th
eir
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
th
e
Sp
ea
r
m
an
r
h
o
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
was
ca
lcu
lated
to
b
e
-
0
.
1
1
4
,
with
a
p
-
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
a
s
tati
s
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
v
er
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
v
ar
iab
les
at
th
e
alp
h
a
lev
el
o
f
0
.
0
5
.
T
h
e
n
eg
ativ
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
as
lev
els
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
in
cr
e
ase,
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ten
d
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
th
a
t
an
x
iety
r
elate
d
t
o
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
h
av
e
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
o
v
e
r
all
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
i
g
h
er
le
v
els
o
f
an
x
iety
wh
en
e
n
g
ag
in
g
in
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
m
ay
also
r
ep
o
r
t
l
o
wer
lev
els
o
f
life
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
p
o
r
ts
-
r
elate
d
an
x
iety
,
as
it
co
u
ld
b
e
a
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
to
d
im
in
is
h
ed
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Su
ch
an
x
iety
m
ay
lead
t
o
av
o
i
d
an
ce
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
li
m
it
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
ex
er
cise
o
n
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
aim
ed
at
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
m
a
y
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
co
m
f
o
r
t
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
th
ei
r
o
v
er
all
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
C
r
ea
tin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
a
t
f
o
s
ter
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
in
g
an
d
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
in
s
p
o
r
ts
m
ay
m
itig
ate
an
x
iety
a
n
d
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
,
t
h
er
eb
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
an
d
s
atis
f
y
in
g
life
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
b
o
th
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
o
f
m
en
tal
well
-
b
ei
n
g
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
h
o
lis
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
h
ea
lth
an
d
welln
ess
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
n
eg
ativ
ely
af
f
ec
t
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
b
ar
r
ier
to
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
lead
in
g
to
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
in
ad
eq
u
ac
y
an
d
s
tr
ess
[5
0
]
.
W
h
en
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ar
e
an
x
io
u
s
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
r
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
in
s
p
o
r
ts
,
th
ey
m
ay
av
o
id
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
,
m
is
s
in
g
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
p
h
y
s
ical
f
it
n
ess
,
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
its
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ex
er
cise.
T
h
is
av
o
id
an
ce
ca
n
r
esu
lt
in
lo
wer
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
is
o
latio
n
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
o
v
er
a
ll
life
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
[5
1
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
ch
r
o
n
i
c
s
tr
ess
lin
k
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
x
iety
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
,
f
u
r
th
er
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
h
ap
p
in
ess
an
d
f
u
lf
illme
n
t
[5
2
]
.
Ultim
ately
,
t
h
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
en
g
ag
e
in
s
p
o
r
t
s
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
h
i
n
d
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
g
r
o
wth
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
,
lead
in
g
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[5
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
th
e
z
o
n
e
o
r
o
u
t
o
f b
o
u
n
d
s
?
Ho
w
s
p
o
r
ts
a
n
d
p
h
ysica
l a
ctiv
ity
a
n
xiety
a
ffects life
…
(
Ma
r
l
o
n
A
.
Ma
n
c
era
)
1851
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
r
e
v
ea
l
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
v
e
r
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
en
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
x
iety
an
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
h
av
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
im
p
lica
tio
n
s
f
o
r
p
o
licy
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Giv
en
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
id
en
tifie
d
,
it
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
to
p
r
io
r
itize
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
a
n
d
p
o
licies th
at
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
b
ar
r
ier
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
ta
r
g
eted
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
an
d
well
n
ess
in
itiativ
es
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
c
o
p
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
m
an
ag
e
an
x
iety
r
elate
d
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
i
n
clu
d
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
o
n
s
tr
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
x
iety
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
tr
ain
in
g
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
ev
id
en
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
in
d
f
u
ln
ess
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
-
b
eh
av
io
r
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
ca
n
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
an
x
iety
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[5
4
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
o
licies
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
p
o
r
ts
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial.
T
h
is
ca
n
in
v
o
lv
e
tr
ain
in
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
co
ac
h
es to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
an
x
iety
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
as
well
as
f
o
s
ter
in
g
an
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
o
f
en
co
u
r
ag
em
e
n
t
r
ath
er
th
an
co
m
p
etitio
n
.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
s
o
c
ial
clim
ates
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
m
a
y
m
itig
ate
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
an
x
iety
[5
5
]
.
B
y
cr
ea
tin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
s
af
e
an
d
v
alu
ed
,
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
h
elp
allev
iate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
r
elate
d
s
tr
ess
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
g
r
ea
ter
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
a
n
d
e
n
jo
y
m
en
t
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
.
Alo
n
g
with
th
at,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
in
teg
r
ate
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
with
in
th
eir
s
p
o
r
ts
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Acc
ess
ib
le
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
an
x
iety
ca
n
b
e
in
v
al
u
ab
le.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
co
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
with
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
th
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
[5
6
]
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
p
r
io
r
itize
s
tu
d
en
t
well
-
b
ein
g
h
o
lis
tically
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
b
o
t
h
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
in
v
o
l
v
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
m
etr
ics
in
to
p
r
o
g
r
am
ev
alu
atio
n
s
to
b
etter
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
in
itiativ
es
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
o
v
er
all
well
-
b
ein
g
.
B
y
a
d
o
p
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
in
te
g
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
b
o
th
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
en
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ev
ea
ls
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
b
ar
r
ier
s
t
h
at
h
in
d
er
th
eir
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
x
iet
y
in
p
u
b
lic
ex
e
r
cise
s
ettin
g
s
,
l
im
itin
g
th
eir
willin
g
n
ess
to
en
g
ag
e
in
s
p
o
r
ts
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
tar
g
eted
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
to
r
e
d
u
ce
an
x
iety
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
an
in
clu
s
iv
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
es
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
o
v
er
all
well
-
b
ein
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
a
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
el
o
f
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
wh
ile
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ee
t
b
asic
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
u
n
f
u
lf
illed
asp
ir
atio
n
s
r
em
ain
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
i
o
r
itize
h
o
lis
tic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tes
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
s
o
cial
well
-
b
ein
g
alo
n
g
s
id
e
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
to
n
u
r
tu
r
e
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t stu
d
e
n
ts
in
b
o
th
t
h
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
liv
es.
T
h
e
in
v
e
r
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
p
o
r
ts
an
x
iety
a
n
d
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
o
f
th
ese
f
a
cto
r
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
x
iety
c
an
en
h
a
n
ce
o
v
er
all
life
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
itiativ
es,
s
ch
o
o
ls
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
e
m
p
o
wer
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
en
g
a
g
e
i
n
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
p
o
r
ts
an
x
iety
o
n
life
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
,
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
s
co
p
e
to
in
clu
d
e
d
i
v
er
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
an
d
in
v
esti
g
ati
n
g
m
ed
iatin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
a
n
x
iety
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
ce
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
alo
n
g
with
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
,
co
u
l
d
o
f
f
er
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
to
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
ei
r
o
v
er
all
well
-
b
ein
g
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
eir
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
a
n
d
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
wer
e
in
v
alu
ab
le
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
also
th
an
k
ev
er
y
o
n
e
wh
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
m
ak
in
g
its
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l c
o
m
p
let
io
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
4
4
-
1
8
5
5
1852
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
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Va
Fo
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Vi
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Fu
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r
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a
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E
d
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R
u
b
en
L
.
T
ag
a
r
e,
J
r
.
✓
✓
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Gilb
er
t E
.
L
o
p
ez
✓
✓
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✓
✓
I
r
is
h
M.
Or
g
eta
✓
✓
✓
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✓
Yash
ier
T
.
Haji
Kasan
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Har
o
ld
Deo
C
r
is
to
b
al
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ar
m
an
d
G.
Ato
n
✓
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Gau
v
in
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lao
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C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
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So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
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Va
l
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d
a
t
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Fo
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Fo
r
mal
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i
s
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[
1
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