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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Me
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I
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T
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n
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
e
r
an
d
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
,
ce
r
tain
a
u
th
o
r
s
i
n
d
i
ca
ted
th
e
n
ee
d
to
im
p
lem
en
t
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
m
en
to
r
in
g
[
6
]
.
Fo
r
m
alize
d
m
en
to
r
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
as
well
as
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
tn
er
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
er
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
is
th
e
k
ey
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
teac
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ev
er
al
o
b
s
ta
cles
o
f
ten
ar
is
e
in
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
a
lack
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
an
o
v
er
ly
n
eg
ativ
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
b
u
r
d
en
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
th
r
ee
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
i
al
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
n
am
el
y
th
at
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
m
u
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
wo
r
k
e
r
s
to
b
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
au
th
e
n
tic
m
ater
ials
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
r
ee
l
y
,
an
d
m
u
s
t
in
v
est
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
8
]
.
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
b
etwe
e
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
ca
n
o
p
tim
ize
in
d
u
s
tr
y
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t a
ctiv
ities
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
th
e
m
o
s
t b
e
n
ef
icial
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
9]
–
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
B
r
u
ck
lach
er
[
1
2
]
o
n
c
o
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
'
ev
alu
atio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
tea
ch
er
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
r
ater
was
b
iased
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
,
a
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
with
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
R
atin
g
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
teac
h
er
s
s
aid
th
at
b
o
th
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
wer
e
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
ad
e
q
u
ate
an
d
o
f
te
n
clo
s
e
t
o
ex
ce
llen
t
with
r
e
g
ar
d
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
te
ac
h
er
s
’
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ill
[
1
3
]
.
C
o
o
p
er
atin
g
te
ac
h
er
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
o
f
ten
d
is
r
eg
a
r
d
ed
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
in
g
in
itiativ
es.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
A
n
d
er
s
o
n
[
1
4
]
,
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
m
en
tio
n
e
d
th
eir
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
as
t
h
e
m
ain
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
th
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
C
o
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
eir
s
tu
d
e
n
t
teac
h
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
,
r
ewa
r
d
s
,
s
h
ar
in
g
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
u
th
o
r
ity
,
an
d
c
h
ar
is
m
a.
I
n
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
o
n
f
ield
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
L
u
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
a
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
to
a
m
en
to
r
teac
h
e
r
,
an
d
f
in
ally
to
a
s
u
p
er
v
is
in
g
teac
h
er
.
As
a
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
,
a
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
ca
r
r
ies
o
u
t
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
et
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
u
tlin
ed
b
y
t
h
e
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
B
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
class
r
o
o
m
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
teac
h
in
g
an
d
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tea
ch
er
s
in
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
f
iel
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
e
r
s
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
th
ei
r
teac
h
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
r
ef
in
e
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
i
d
en
titi
es
[
1
6
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
ca
les
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
ev
alu
atio
n
b
y
th
e
c
o
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
an
d
a
r
ea
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
er
e
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
n
o
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
c
o
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
as
m
en
to
r
o
n
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
t te
ac
h
er
jo
u
r
n
ey
as p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
p
h
ase
in
ad
eq
u
ately
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
o
r
a
ca
r
ee
r
as
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
d
ev
is
e
a
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
le
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
l
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
ac
cu
r
ately
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
.
Su
ch
an
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
ca
n
co
m
p
lem
e
n
t
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
ca
le
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
'
wea
k
n
es
s
es
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
d
ata
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
co
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
s
wh
o
o
v
e
r
s
ee
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
in
g
,
en
a
b
lin
g
t
h
em
to
i
d
en
tify
a
n
y
ch
alle
n
g
es
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
d
v
alid
atin
g
a
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
s
ca
le
(
C
T
MS)
,
wh
ich
aim
s
to
an
s
wer
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
at
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
C
T
MS?
ii)
W
h
at
is
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
C
T
MS?
iii)
I
s
C
T
MS
a
r
eliab
le
to
o
l f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
m
en
to
r
in
g
?
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
i
s
u
n
iq
u
e
in
its
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
in
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
g
a
p
,
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
lear
n
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
in
ter
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
v
alu
a
b
le
f
o
r
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
in
m
en
to
r
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
in
ter
n
s
.
I
t
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
teac
h
er
s
an
d
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
th
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
en
tire
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
jo
u
r
n
ey
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
wer
e
g
en
er
ated
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
an
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
in
te
r
n
s
h
ip
e
x
p
er
ie
n
c
es
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
co
n
g
r
u
en
tl
y
ali
g
n
with
th
e
s
ev
e
n
d
o
m
ain
s
in
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
(
PP
ST)
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
d
ev
el
o
p
a
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
l
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
t
h
at
wo
u
l
d
ev
al
u
ate
co
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
s
k
ills
to
war
d
s
s
tu
d
en
t
in
ter
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
n
d
v
alid
ated
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
y
a
p
p
ly
in
g
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t a
n
d
va
lid
a
tio
n
o
f a
co
o
p
era
tin
g
tea
ch
er me
n
t
o
r
in
g
s
ca
le
fo
r
s
tu
d
en
t te
a
ch
ers
(
Leema
r
c
C.
A
lia
)
2383
an
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
lev
el
o
f
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
.
I
t
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
b
y
Seb
ial
an
d
Facu
ltad
[
1
7
]
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ath
em
atics
attitu
d
e
s
ca
le
(
M
AS)
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
ics
an
x
iety
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
(
PAR
S)
[
1
8
]
,
an
d
m
ix
e
d
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ca
le
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t'
s
r
eliab
ilit
y
v
alu
e
d
eter
m
in
es i
ts
s
u
itab
ili
ty
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
ac
tu
al
s
tu
d
ies.
A
h
ig
h
r
elia
b
ilit
y
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
y
ield
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
th
at
alig
n
s
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
jectiv
es
[
2
0
]
.
I
t
d
ev
elo
p
s
an
d
v
alid
ates
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
n
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
m
en
to
r
in
g
to
war
d
s
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
.
E
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
s
eq
u
en
tial
in
v
o
lv
e
s
co
m
b
in
in
g
q
u
alitativ
e
a
n
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
in
a
s
e
r
ies
o
f
p
h
ases
[
2
1
]
.
E
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
r
elate
d
to
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
s
k
ills
,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
k
ills
,
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
k
ills
,
teac
h
in
g
co
n
ten
t
p
ed
a
g
o
g
y
s
k
ills
,
an
d
m
aster
y
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
ed
g
e
n
er
atin
g
s
tatem
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
with
k
ey
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
wh
o
u
n
d
e
r
wen
t
p
r
ac
tice
teac
h
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
co
n
d
u
cted
a
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
g
ath
er
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
in
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
s
m
all
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
was
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
th
en
u
s
ed
to
b
u
ild
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
r
ad
u
ates
wh
o
u
n
d
er
wen
t
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
will g
o
in
g
to
g
iv
e
t
h
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es a
b
o
u
t th
e
co
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
’
s
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
t
ea
ch
in
g
b
ased
o
n
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
i
n
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
en
r
o
l
led
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
em
ester
o
f
A.
Y.
2
0
2
3
-
2
0
2
4
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
clo
s
en
ess
b
et
wee
n
th
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
d
c
o
r
r
elat
io
n
m
atr
i
x
in
ea
ch
s
am
p
le
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
d
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ix
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
p
il
o
t
test
in
g
was
g
iv
en
to
2
6
5
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
State
Un
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
C
o
lleg
es
in
No
r
th
er
n
Min
d
an
a
o
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
c
ess
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Miller
an
d
L
o
v
ler
[
2
2
]
was
u
s
ed
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
,
th
ey
lack
th
e
v
is
io
n
,
m
is
s
io
n
,
an
d
g
en
u
in
e
m
e
an
in
g
o
f
life
,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
th
em
less
ad
ep
t
at
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
o
b
s
tacle
s
in
life
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
el
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
its
ap
p
licatio
n
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
wh
er
e
all
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tep
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
m
o
d
el
o
b
tain
ed
h
ig
h
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
[
2
5
]
.
Prio
r
to
d
ata
g
ath
er
i
n
g
,
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
letter
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
eth
ics
co
m
m
ittee
(
R
E
C
)
wa
s
d
o
n
e
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
tar
g
et
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
an
d
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
e
x
p
lain
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
g
u
id
elin
es,
r
is
k
s
,
b
en
ef
its
,
an
d
th
eir
r
ig
h
ts
as r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
o
f
th
e
d
ata,
th
e
n
am
es
o
f
p
eo
p
le,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
ev
en
ts
,
an
d
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
d
ata
s
h
ar
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
co
d
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
’
s
id
en
tity
k
e
p
t
co
n
f
id
en
tial
an
d
t
r
ea
ted
f
air
l
y
.
T
h
ey
will
b
e
g
iv
e
n
also
to
k
e
n
s
o
f
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
af
te
r
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
is
E
FA
is
6
0
,
as
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Hair
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
u
s
in
g
a
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
1
0
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
o
r
E
FA.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
1
1
0
item
s
.
E
ac
h
item
was
s
cr
ee
n
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
it
is
s
im
p
le,
clea
r
,
r
elev
an
t,
an
d
u
n
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
.
I
t
is
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
wh
er
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
h
ad
to
ch
o
o
s
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
m
en
to
r
in
g
s
ca
le
o
f
th
eir
c
o
o
p
er
ati
n
g
tea
ch
er
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
5
=
alwa
y
s
,
4=
o
f
ten
,
3=
s
o
m
etim
es,
2=
r
ar
ely
,
an
d
1=
n
ev
e
r
.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
R
-
s
tatis
tics
.
Fo
r
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
,
item
-
to
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
wer
e
tak
e
n
in
t
o
a
cc
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
item
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ass
ess
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
,
E
FA
was
co
n
d
u
cted
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
,
s
u
ch
as C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a,
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
ca
le
an
d
s
u
b
s
ca
les.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
an
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
to
p
ics,
s
u
ch
as
m
en
to
r
in
g
,
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
ev
alu
atio
n
,
class
r
o
o
m
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
,
teac
h
in
g
c
o
n
ten
t
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
m
aster
y
o
f
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
s
k
ills
.
T
o
g
ath
er
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata,
in
ter
v
iews a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
k
ey
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
wh
o
h
ad
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
n
e
p
r
ac
tice
teac
h
in
g
f
o
r
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
eir
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
also
co
n
d
u
cte
d
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
in
t
er
v
iews
with
th
e
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
o
p
e
r
atin
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
r
th
eir
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
with
th
e
with
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
s
m
all
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
g
a
th
er
m
o
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
C
T
MS
h
ea
v
ily
r
elied
o
n
th
e
wo
r
k
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
in
t
h
e
r
atio
n
ale
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
e
r
.
An
E
FA
with
v
ar
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
e
x
am
in
e
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
E
FA
r
eq
u
ir
ed
u
s
to
c
h
ec
k
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
n
iv
ar
iate
an
d
m
u
ltiv
ar
iate
n
o
r
m
ality
in
th
e
d
ata,
a
s
it
is
a
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
f
o
r
f
ac
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an
aly
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is
.
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h
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s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
t
h
e
v
a
r
im
ax
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o
tatio
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,
s
p
ec
if
ically
t
h
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
r
o
tatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
im
a
x
r
o
tatio
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was
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
a
r
iab
les
with
h
ig
h
lo
a
d
in
g
s
o
n
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
m
all
lo
ad
in
g
s
ev
en
f
u
r
th
er
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
v
ar
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
,
wh
ich
is
an
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
r
o
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
v
ar
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
aim
s
to
m
in
im
ize
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
with
h
ig
h
lo
ad
in
g
s
o
n
ea
ch
f
ac
t
o
r
an
d
al
s
o
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
s
m
all
lo
ad
in
g
s
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
with
Hair
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
,
item
s
with
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
b
elo
w
0
.
5
wer
e
elim
in
ated
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C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
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t
o
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iti
al
1
1
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,
6
0
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e
r
em
o
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d
,
r
esu
ltin
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in
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r
em
ain
i
n
g
it
em
s
.
T
h
e
B
ar
tlett
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s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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test
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wh
ich
m
ak
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it
s
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itab
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
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an
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r
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o
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iatio
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etwe
en
th
e
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s
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o
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tr
ated
in
q
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esti
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n
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air
e,
wh
ich
allo
ws
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o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
Hig
h
co
m
m
u
n
alities
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ex
tr
a
cted
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
g
o
o
d
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
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s
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
iab
le.
I
f
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ality
wa
s
g
r
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ter
th
an
0
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5
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at
r
esp
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ti
v
e
item
s
wer
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s
ed
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o
r
f
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r
th
e
r
an
al
y
s
is
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d
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e
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m
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5
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t
o
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o
n
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id
er
atio
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wh
ile
u
s
in
g
p
r
in
cip
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
an
aly
s
is
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
u
n
d
er
wen
t
p
r
in
cip
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
aly
s
is
wi
th
v
ar
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
.
Af
ter
r
em
o
v
in
g
f
ac
to
r
cr
o
s
s
lo
ad
in
g
s
an
d
f
ac
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s
w
ith
lo
ad
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s
b
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0
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0
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to
ta
l
o
f
6
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item
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wer
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clu
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o
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t
h
e
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aly
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es.
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h
r
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cto
r
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e
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r
m
ed
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
eig
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n
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
f
a
cto
r
s
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h
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f
ac
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r
s
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n
s
is
ted
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f
a
t
o
tal
o
f
5
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ite
m
s
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as
d
eter
m
i
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ed
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th
e
s
cr
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p
lo
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test
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T
h
e
alp
h
a
v
alu
es
f
o
r
ea
c
h
f
ac
t
o
r
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
o
th
with
a
n
d
with
o
u
t
in
clu
d
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n
g
tr
o
u
b
lin
g
item
s
.
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
p
lo
t
was
ex
am
i
n
ed
in
ea
ch
ca
s
e,
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d
th
e
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wer
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r
er
ea
d
to
c
h
ec
k
f
o
r
an
y
m
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
wh
en
in
clu
d
in
g
a
n
item
in
t
o
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at
th
e
3
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
tim
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
item
s
in
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
an
d
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
tab
le,
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
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o
f
th
e
item
s
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
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an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
0
to
0
.
7
4
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
e
e
f
ac
to
r
s
with
5
0
item
s
.
Fa
cto
r
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
I
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
wi
th
2
0
item
s
.
Facto
r
2
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
,
with
1
5
item
s
.
Facto
r
3
r
ep
r
esen
ts
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
en
to
r
in
g
an
d
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
with
1
5
item
s
.
T
h
e
n
am
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
is
m
o
r
e
o
f
an
ar
t,
as
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
h
ar
d
an
d
f
ast
r
u
les.
T
h
e
k
e
y
is
to
ch
o
o
s
e
n
am
es
th
at
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
with
in
ea
c
h
f
ac
t
o
r
.
Facto
r
an
aly
s
is
was
f
ir
s
t
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
b
e
u
s
ed
[
2
6
]
.
An
y
ass
is
ta
n
ce
an
d
g
u
id
a
n
ce
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
m
en
t
o
r
s
to
n
ew
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
is
ca
lled
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
f
ac
to
r
(
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t)
item
n
u
m
b
er
1
“
s
h
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
ev
ices
d
u
r
in
g
m
y
p
r
ac
tice
teac
h
in
g
jo
u
r
n
e
y
”,
item
n
u
m
b
er
4
“
a
s
s
is
t
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
ter
in
g
test
an
d
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
”
,
an
d
item
n
u
m
b
e
r
1
1
“
a
s
s
is
t
in
u
s
in
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
class
r
o
o
m
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
”
e
n
ca
p
s
u
late
th
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ass
is
tan
ce
an
d
g
u
i
d
an
ce
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
m
en
to
r
s
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies,
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
p
r
ac
tices,
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
,
an
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
is
f
ac
to
r
n
am
e
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
i
n
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
teac
h
e
r
co
n
f
id
en
ce
an
d
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
two
,
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
,
item
n
u
m
b
er
2
3
“su
p
p
o
r
t
m
e
in
teac
h
in
g
an
d
m
ad
e
m
e
f
ee
l
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
id
en
t
as
a
teac
h
er
”,
it
em
n
u
m
b
er
2
7
“d
is
cu
s
s
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
f
m
y
teac
h
i
n
g
af
ter
m
y
class
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t”
a
n
d
item
3
5
“
g
u
id
e
h
o
w
to
o
r
g
an
ize
an
d
em
p
lo
y
s
p
ed
ag
o
g
ies
th
at
s
u
it
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
”
p
er
tain
s
to
ess
en
tial
asp
ec
ts
o
f
g
u
id
in
g
a
n
d
n
u
r
tu
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tical
ass
is
tan
ce
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
en
h
an
ce
teac
h
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
L
astl
y
,
f
ac
to
r
t
h
r
ee
is
lab
eled
as
“
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
an
d
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
”,
item
3
6
“d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
an
au
t
h
en
tic
an
d
g
e
n
u
in
e
in
ter
est
in
th
eir
m
en
tee
’
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t”,
item
n
u
m
b
er
4
1
“
g
i
v
e
f
r
ee
d
o
m
an
d
s
p
ac
e
I
n
ee
d
to
g
r
o
w
in
t
o
th
eir
r
o
le
as
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
”
,
an
d
item
n
u
m
b
er
4
4
“
p
r
o
v
id
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
an
d
m
e
an
in
g
f
u
l
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
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ec
o
n
d
f
ac
to
r
“
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
”
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
1
5
item
s
an
d
h
as
a
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
9
5
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
f
ac
to
r
“
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
an
d
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
”
in
clu
d
es
1
5
item
s
an
d
h
as
a
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
4
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
with
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
a
lp
h
a
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
9
8
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
it
is
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
le
to
o
l
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
m
u
lti
-
item
s
ca
les,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
its
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
:
ass
ess
e
s
wh
eth
er
th
e
item
s
h
av
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
I
t
also
ass
ess
es
wh
eth
er
item
s
th
at
m
ak
e
u
p
th
e
s
ca
le
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
o
n
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
ies
o
f
a
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
a
lp
h
a.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
in
d
icato
r
o
f
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
was
u
tili
ze
d
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hair
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
,
a
n
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
to
0
.
8
i
s
d
ee
m
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
A
lo
wer
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
An
a
lp
h
a
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
v
alu
e
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
at
ely
0
.
9
0
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
“
ex
ce
ll
en
t,
”
ar
o
u
n
d
0
.
8
0
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
“
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
,
”
an
d
a
v
alu
e
b
etwe
en
0
.
5
0
an
d
0
.
7
9
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
d
eq
u
ate.
H
o
wev
er
,
v
alu
es
b
el
o
w
0
.
5
0
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
u
n
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
co
r
r
el
atio
n
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
was d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
a
lp
h
a.
Hig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
v
alu
es sh
o
w
th
e
h
ig
h
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
Valu
e
o
n
th
e
s
co
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
s
tab
le.
C
o
n
s
is
t
en
cy
o
n
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
is
wh
en
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
r
ec
eiv
es
alm
o
s
t
th
e
s
am
e
s
co
r
e
af
ter
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
test
r
ep
ea
ted
ly
an
d
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
tim
es
[
3
0
]
.
Du
e
to
tim
e
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
a
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
F
A)
was
n
o
t
d
o
n
e
as
it
i
s
th
e
l
im
itatio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
item
s
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
in
g
E
FA
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
C
FA.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
all
item
s
with
in
th
is
d
im
en
s
io
n
p
o
s
s
ess
a
h
ig
h
d
e
g
r
ee
,
a
n
d
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
th
at
all
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
e
s
u
s
tain
ed
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Facto
r
n
am
es,
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
item
s
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
e
f
f
icie
n
ts
,
an
d
s
am
p
le
item
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
#
o
f
i
t
e
ms
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
a
l
p
h
a
S
a
mp
l
e
i
t
e
m
F
a
c
t
o
r
1
:
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
20
0
.
9
5
D
i
scu
ss
h
o
w
t
o
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
mat
e
r
i
a
l
s
o
n
my
l
e
sso
n
F
a
c
t
o
r
2
:
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
men
t
o
r
s
h
i
p
15
0
.
9
5
D
i
scu
ss
w
i
t
h
m
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
I
n
e
e
d
e
d
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
F
a
c
t
o
r
3
:
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
15
0
.
9
4
En
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
t
o
a
ssess
st
u
d
e
n
t
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
,
t
i
me
l
y
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
t
o
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
W
h
o
l
e
i
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
50
0
.
9
8
R
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
r
esu
lted
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
v
alid
an
d
r
eliab
le
ev
alu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
ca
lled
th
e
C
T
MS.
E
FA
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ass
ess
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
e
aled
th
at
th
e
s
ca
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
th
r
ee
s
u
b
s
ca
les,
wh
ich
co
llectiv
ely
ac
c
o
u
n
ted
f
o
r
5
0
.
3
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
v
a
r
ian
ce
s
.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
a
lp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
f
o
r
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
is
0
.
9
8
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
ly
,
th
e
s
u
b
s
ca
les
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
with
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ef
f
icien
ts
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
9
4
t
o
0
.
9
5
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
eir
o
v
e
r
all
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
0
.
9
8
.
C
T
MS
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
ev
alu
ate
c
o
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
’
m
e
n
to
r
in
g
s
k
ill
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
in
ter
n
s
af
ter
th
ei
r
teac
h
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
jo
u
r
n
e
y
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
h
elp
s
id
en
tify
ar
ea
s
wh
e
r
e
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
m
ay
lac
k
m
en
to
r
in
g
s
k
ills
.
I
t
also
allo
ws
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
to
id
en
t
if
y
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
te
r
v
e
n
tio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t'
s
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
ali
d
ity
,
it
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
as
th
e
to
p
ch
o
i
ce
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
m
en
to
r
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
co
o
p
er
atin
g
tea
ch
er
s
in
co
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
v
al
u
ab
le
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t to
o
ls
r
elate
d
to
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
g
r
ate
f
u
lly
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
h
e
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
I
n
itao
C
o
lleg
e,
Min
d
an
ao
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
-
I
lig
an
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
Min
d
a
n
ao
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
at
Naa
wa
n
f
o
r
allo
win
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
d
at
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
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8
8
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Dev
elo
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men
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tio
n
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f a
co
o
p
era
tin
g
tea
ch
er me
n
t
o
r
in
g
s
ca
le
fo
r
s
tu
d
en
t te
a
ch
ers
(
Leema
r
c
C.
A
lia
)
2387
F
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h
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c
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tac
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:
p
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.
e
d
.
p
h
.
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