I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in E
du
ca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
,
p
p
.
1
882
~
1
9
0
3
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijer
e
.
v
14
i
3
.
3
2
1
6
4
1882
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Em
plo
y
a
bility o
f
La
tin
ho
no
r gra
dua
te
in a s
tate u
ni
v
ersity in
the
Philippin
es
E
m
ely
n Ric
o
-
Villa
nu
ev
a
1
,
K
im
J
e
m
a
r
F
.
F
a
lo
2
,
Anna
belle
F
a
m
po
-
I
da
3
,
M
a
.
L
ev
i R
.
P
un
la
4
,
Ro
s
e
L
.
Su
m
a
nting
5
1
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
S
t
u
d
i
e
s,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
R
o
mb
l
o
n
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
2
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
3
O
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
R
e
g
i
s
t
r
a
r
,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
4
O
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
V
i
c
e
P
r
e
si
d
e
n
t
,
R
o
mb
l
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
5
O
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
a
n
d
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s,
R
o
m
b
l
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
R
o
mb
l
o
n
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l
20
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Mar
8
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
Mar
1
2
,
2
0
2
5
Th
is
stu
d
y
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
th
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
Lati
n
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
fro
m
Ro
m
b
lo
n
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
(RS
U
)
b
e
twe
e
n
2
0
1
5
a
n
d
2
0
2
2
,
a
d
d
r
e
ss
in
g
th
e
fa
c
to
rs
th
a
t
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
th
e
ir
tra
n
siti
o
n
in
t
o
th
e
wo
r
k
fo
rc
e
.
Th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
in
v
e
stig
a
tes
h
o
w
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
b
o
a
rd
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
re
su
lt
s,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
im
p
a
c
t
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
o
u
tco
m
e
s.
Us
in
g
a
m
i
x
e
d
-
m
e
th
o
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
su
r
v
e
y
s
a
n
d
b
in
a
r
y
lo
g
isti
c
re
g
re
ss
io
n
a
n
a
ly
sis,
th
e
stu
d
y
id
e
n
ti
fies
k
e
y
p
re
d
icto
rs
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
a
b
i
li
ty
.
Re
su
lt
s
i
n
d
ica
te
th
a
t
a
c
h
iev
in
g
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
h
o
n
o
rs,
p
a
ss
in
g
li
c
e
n
su
r
e
e
x
a
m
s,
a
n
d
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
f
u
rth
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
’
c
h
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
se
c
u
rin
g
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
ir
c
a
re
e
rs.
Th
e
se
fin
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
n
e
e
d
fo
r
a
li
g
n
in
g
RS
U’s
c
u
rri
c
u
lu
m
with
lab
o
r
m
a
rk
e
t
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
rsc
o
re
th
e
imp
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t.
Th
e
stu
d
y
o
ffe
rs
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
to
imp
ro
v
e
g
ra
d
u
a
te
e
m
p
lo
y
a
b
il
i
t
y
a
n
d
i
n
fo
rm
s
p
o
li
c
y
in
i
ti
a
ti
v
e
s
a
i
m
e
d
a
t
su
p
p
o
rti
n
g
c
a
re
e
r
p
ro
g
re
ss
io
n
f
o
r
Latin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
ra
d
u
a
tes
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ad
v
an
ce
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
B
in
ar
y
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
E
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t statu
s
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
E
m
ely
n
R
ico
-
Villan
u
ev
a
Gr
ad
u
ate
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
Pro
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
Stu
d
ies,
R
o
m
b
lo
n
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
R
o
m
b
lo
n
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
E
m
ail:
r
ico
em
ely
n
1
1
9
@
g
m
ail
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
is
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
th
e
ir
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
i
m
p
ac
t.
R
o
m
b
lo
n
State
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
(
R
SU)
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
itiativ
es,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
“
I
s
k
o
lar
n
g
B
ay
an
”
s
ch
o
l
ar
s
h
ip
u
n
d
e
r
R
ep
u
b
lic
Act
No
.
1
0
6
4
8
,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
eq
u
itab
le
ac
ce
s
s
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
o
s
ter
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
alig
n
with
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
o
al
(
SDG)
4
:
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ch
allen
g
es.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
teg
r
atin
g
ac
ad
em
ic
r
ig
o
r
with
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
in
co
m
p
etitiv
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets
[
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
th
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
a
cr
itical
g
ap
r
em
ain
s
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
p
at
h
s
o
f
R
SU’
s
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
wh
o
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
t
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
tr
o
n
g
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
is
g
ap
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
alig
n
in
g
R
SU’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
n
ee
d
s
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Desp
ite
in
itiativ
es
to
en
h
an
ce
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
,
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
R
SU’
s
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
e
r
ex
p
lo
r
ed
,
esp
ec
ially
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ca
r
ee
r
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
.
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates,
k
n
o
w
n
f
o
r
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
ex
ce
llen
ce
,
ar
e
ex
p
ec
t
ed
to
th
r
iv
e
in
co
m
p
etitiv
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets;
h
o
wev
e
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
mp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
o
f La
tin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
in
a
s
ta
te
u
n
ivers
ity
in
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
i
n
es (
E
mely
n
R
ic
o
-
V
illa
n
u
ev
a
)
1883
th
er
e
is
lim
ited
r
esear
ch
o
n
h
o
w
th
ese
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
p
a
r
t
icu
lar
ly
in
r
eg
i
o
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
lik
e
R
SU
[
2
]
.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
licen
s
u
r
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
at
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
wh
ile
cr
itical,
m
ay
n
ee
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
in
tr
in
s
ic
an
d
ex
tr
in
s
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
to
tr
an
s
late
in
to
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
g
ain
s
[
3
]
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
ese
o
u
tco
m
e
s
is
v
ital
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
ac
ad
em
ic
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
lead
to
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
alig
n
in
g
with
SDG
8
:
d
ec
e
n
t
wo
r
k
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
m
o
tes
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
ely
to
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
I
n
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
n
ee
d
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
ex
a
m
in
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
ay
in
f
lu
en
ce
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
a
m
o
n
g
R
SU’
s
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates.
E
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
L
atin
Ho
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
is
co
m
p
lex
,
in
te
r
s
ec
tin
g
with
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
licen
s
u
r
e,
ad
v
an
ce
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
g
e
n
d
er
,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
g
en
d
er
m
ay
in
f
lu
en
ce
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
m
ale
-
d
o
m
in
ate
d
f
ield
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
e
q
u
itab
le
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
ac
r
o
s
s
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics
[
4
]
.
L
i
k
ewise,
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
ar
ities
ca
n
c
r
ea
te
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
,
im
p
ac
tin
g
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
o
u
t
co
m
es
an
d
alig
n
in
g
with
SDG
1
0
:
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
eq
u
al
ities
[
5
]
.
R
esear
ch
als
o
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
a
t
in
clu
d
es
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
alo
n
g
s
id
e
ac
ad
em
ic
[
1
]
.
B
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
ese
in
ter
s
ec
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
ef
in
ed
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
L
ati
n
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
o
f
ten
-
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
ed
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
n
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
ass
ess
es
h
o
w
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
,
g
en
d
er
,
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
,
im
p
ac
t
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ili
ty
o
f
R
SU’
s
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
in
teg
r
ates
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
h
i
ev
em
en
ts
with
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
-
en
h
an
ce
d
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
ete
n
cies,
em
p
h
asizin
g
SDG
9
:
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
[
6
]
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
an
d
tech
n
ical
e
x
p
er
ti
s
e
in
a
d
ig
ital
ec
o
n
o
m
y
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
aim
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
in
r
eg
io
n
al
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
tio
n
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
o
licy
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ar
k
et
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
o
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
R
SU
an
d
s
im
ilar
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
en
h
an
ce
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
ac
h
iev
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ates.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
ese
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
R
SU
with
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
ad
ap
t
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
t
o
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
m
a
r
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
.
B
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
alig
n
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
with
l
ab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
t
h
u
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
eg
io
n
al
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Fin
d
in
g
s
will
in
f
o
r
m
p
o
licy
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
at
R
SU,
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
at
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
ar
e
well
-
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
to
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
s
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
b
o
t
h
lo
ca
l
an
d
n
atio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ies.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tailo
r
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
m
ee
t
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
an
d
m
ar
k
et
ch
allen
g
es
in
to
d
ay
’
s
d
y
n
am
ic
jo
b
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
R
SU
’
s
co
m
m
itm
en
t
t
o
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
o
r
its
g
r
ad
u
ates.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
tr
en
g
th
en
i
n
g
R
SU’
s
r
o
le
in
al
ig
n
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es with
b
r
o
ad
er
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cieta
l g
o
als.
E
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
ar
e
k
ey
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
h
o
w
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
er
e
i
s
lim
ited
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
o
n
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
at
R
SU
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
f
ill
th
is
g
ap
b
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
s
o
f
t
h
ese
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
eir
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
,
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
am
s
,
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
ei
r
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tin
g
th
eir
s
u
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies,
th
e
r
esear
ch
will
u
s
e
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
b
in
ar
y
l
o
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
elin
g
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
h
o
w
ac
ad
em
ic
h
o
n
o
r
s
,
cr
e
d
en
tials
,
an
d
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
im
p
ac
t
ca
r
ee
r
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
will
in
f
o
r
m
p
o
licy
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
R
SU’
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
g
lo
b
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
als.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
an
aly
ze
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
u
t
co
m
es
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
tr
ajec
to
r
ies
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
f
r
o
m
R
SU
,
with
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
,
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
s
u
c
ce
s
s
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
an
s
wer
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
k
e
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
L
a
t
i
n
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
f
r
o
m
R
SU
?
ii)
H
o
w
d
o
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
er
i
s
t
ic
s
,
p
r
o
f
es
s
i
o
n
al
l
i
ce
n
s
u
r
e
,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
i
r
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
c
a
r
e
e
r
s
u
c
c
ess
?
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
t
o
f
in
d
an
s
wer
s
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
:
i)
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates;
ii)
tr
ac
e
th
e
ca
r
e
er
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
am
in
ati
o
n
/licen
s
u
r
e
e
x
am
in
atio
n
,
s
e
m
in
ar
s
/tra
in
in
g
s
,
an
d
p
o
s
t
d
eg
r
ee
co
u
r
s
es;
iii)
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
;
iv
)
id
e
n
tify
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ili
ty
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
8
2
-
1
9
0
3
1884
g
r
ad
u
ates;
an
d
v)
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
p
lo
t
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
p
ass
in
g
th
e
licen
s
u
r
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
,
ca
r
ee
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
an
d
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t statu
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
l
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
to
f
in
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
wo
u
l
d
m
o
d
el
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
R
SU
f
r
o
m
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
2
0
.
Usi
n
g
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
was
m
o
d
eled
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
s
u
ch
as
ag
e,
g
en
d
er
,
civ
il
s
tatu
s
,
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
r
ec
eiv
ed
,
b
o
ar
d
ex
am
in
atio
n
r
esu
lts
,
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
co
m
e,
an
d
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
alig
n
m
en
t.
E
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
l
ik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
s
ec
u
r
i
n
g
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
a
f
ter
co
m
p
let
in
g
th
eir
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ad
ig
m
is
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
b
e
ca
u
s
e
it
v
is
u
ally
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
h
o
w
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
o
th
er
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
.
I
t
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
at
wh
ile
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
ts
lik
e
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
s
ca
n
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
th
ey
a
r
e
n
o
t
th
e
s
o
le
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
to
war
d
s
b
ein
g
ten
u
r
ed
s
in
ce
wo
r
k
p
lace
d
em
an
d
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
etitio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
wo
r
k
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
f
ield
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
ex
tr
ac
u
r
r
icu
lar
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ill
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
v
iew
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
is
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
,
a
n
d
s
u
cc
ess
in
th
e
j
o
b
m
ar
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
th
an
ju
s
t
s
tr
o
n
g
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
er
v
es
as
a
r
em
in
d
er
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
th
at
a
b
alan
ce
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
o
t
h
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates'
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
is
an
aly
s
is
wo
u
ld
s
er
v
e
as
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies
o
f
th
e
L
ati
n
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
(
FGD)
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
2.
T
H
E
CO
M
P
RE
H
E
NS
I
VE
T
H
E
O
RE
T
I
CA
L
AND
L
I
T
E
RATUR
E
B
ASI
S
2
.
1
.
T
heo
re
t
ica
l
ba
s
is
a
nd
re
la
t
ed
lite
ra
t
ure
T
h
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
ad
u
at
es
h
as
b
ee
n
a
f
o
ca
l
p
o
in
t
i
n
r
ec
en
t
r
esear
c
h
,
with
m
u
ltip
le
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
a
cto
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es.
E
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
is
s
h
ap
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
y
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
also
b
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
d
ig
ital
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
r
g
an
izes
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
in
to
f
o
u
r
m
ain
th
em
es,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
an
i
n
-
d
ep
th
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
s
an
d
e
m
p
ir
ical
f
in
d
in
g
s
th
at
in
f
o
r
m
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
2
.
Aca
de
m
ic
a
nd
ins
t
it
utio
na
l f
a
ct
o
rs in e
m
plo
y
a
bil
it
y
Aca
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
to
en
h
a
n
cin
g
licen
s
u
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
en
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates.
Stu
d
ies
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
ex
ce
llin
g
in
licen
s
u
r
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
b
o
a
r
d
licen
s
u
r
e
e
x
am
in
atio
n
f
o
r
c
er
tifie
d
p
u
b
lic
ac
co
u
n
tan
ts
(
C
PA)
,
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
b
o
th
ex
te
r
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Pattag
u
an
[
3
]
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
ce
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
ex
ter
n
al
elem
en
ts
lik
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
p
ee
r
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
an
d
f
am
ily
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
co
m
b
in
ed
wit
h
in
tr
in
s
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
tu
d
y
h
ab
its
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es,
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
f
aith
.
T
h
is
b
alan
ce
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
f
o
s
ter
a
n
u
r
t
u
r
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
s
ettin
g
,
wh
ich
,
w
h
en
p
air
ed
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
I
nd
epe
nd
e
nt
Va
ria
ble
D
epende
nt
Va
ria
ble
Ad
v
an
ce
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
I
n
co
m
e
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
Alig
n
m
e
n
t
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
Pro
f
ile
L
atin
Ho
n
o
r
R
ec
eiv
ed
Elig
ib
il
it
y
(
B
o
ar
d
Pas
s
er
)
E
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
E
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t Statu
s
Yes
/No
T
en
u
r
ed
/
n
o
n
-
te
n
u
r
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
mp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
o
f La
tin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
in
a
s
ta
te
u
n
ivers
ity
in
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
i
n
es (
E
mely
n
R
ic
o
-
V
illa
n
u
ev
a
)
1885
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
d
ed
ic
atio
n
,
m
ax
im
izes
th
eir
ch
an
ce
s
o
f
licen
s
u
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
p
ee
r
s
ca
n
th
u
s
p
lay
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
ce
l
in
licen
s
u
r
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
an
d
in
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
f
ield
s
.
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
t
h
is
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
v
ie
w
,
B
e
ll
e
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
]
e
s
t
a
b
l
is
h
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
p
o
s
it
i
v
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
l
i
ce
n
s
u
r
e
e
x
a
m
s
,
es
p
e
c
i
al
l
y
a
m
o
n
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
.
T
h
ei
r
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
v
e
a
l
s
t
h
at
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
ly
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
s
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
n
t
h
e
li
c
e
n
s
u
r
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
(
L
E
T
)
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
f
o
r
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
o
f
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
(
B
E
E
D
)
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
.
B
y
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g
s
t
a
ti
s
t
i
c
al
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
t
h
e
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
a
c
ad
e
m
i
c
s
u
c
ce
s
s
i
n
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
t
e
n
d
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
b
e
t
t
e
r
in
l
i
c
e
n
s
u
r
e
e
x
a
m
s
,
i
n
d
i
c
at
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
i
l
ls
g
a
i
n
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
i
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
T
h
i
s
c
o
r
r
e
la
t
i
o
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
g
r
a
d
u
ates a
r
e
well
-
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
licen
s
u
r
e
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
Alb
ite
[
7
]
id
en
tifie
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
att
r
ib
u
tes
am
o
n
g
to
p
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
licen
s
u
r
e
ca
n
d
id
ates
th
at
f
u
r
t
h
er
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
eir
s
u
cc
ess
,
s
u
c
h
as
g
o
al
s
ettin
g
,
a
p
ass
io
n
f
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
ac
ti
v
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
ese
q
u
alities
,
wh
ich
ali
g
n
with
Pattag
u
an
[
3
]
em
p
h
asis
o
n
b
o
th
in
tr
in
s
ic
an
d
ex
tr
i
n
s
ic
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
,
illu
s
tr
ate
th
at
s
u
cc
ess
in
licen
s
u
r
e
ex
am
s
is
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ed
icatio
n
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
ex
ter
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
s
et
ac
ad
em
ic
g
o
als
an
d
en
g
ag
e
ac
tiv
ely
in
r
e
v
iew
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ten
d
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
an
d
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
wh
e
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
licen
s
u
r
e
ex
am
s
.
T
h
is
b
len
d
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
c
o
m
m
it
m
en
t a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
r
ev
iew
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
elp
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
licen
s
u
r
e
o
u
tco
m
es.
E
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
s
im
ilar
ly
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ess
en
tial
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
r
ef
lectin
g
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
’
s
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ef
f
o
r
ts
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Ma
n
ju
n
ath
[
8
]
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
s
tr
o
n
g
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
en
h
an
ce
s
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
as
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
er
g
r
a
d
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
a
ttra
ctiv
e
to
em
p
l
o
y
er
s
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
r
ev
ea
ls
th
a
t
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
alo
n
e
is
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t;
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
h
i
g
h
ly
v
alu
e
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
team
wo
r
k
,
a
n
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
wh
ic
h
co
m
p
lem
en
t
ac
ad
em
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
j
o
b
m
a
r
k
ets.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
em
p
h
asize
b
o
th
ac
ad
em
ic
ex
ce
llen
ce
an
d
th
e
cu
ltiv
atio
n
o
f
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
to
b
etter
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
B
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
b
o
th
ar
ea
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
wel
l
-
r
o
u
n
d
ed
p
r
o
f
ile
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
alig
n
i
n
g
with
Alb
ite
[
7
]
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
o
f
h
o
lis
tic
s
tu
d
en
t p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
f
o
r
lice
n
s
u
r
e
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
o
th
s
o
f
t
an
d
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
g
r
ad
u
ate
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
.
I
n
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Mw
ita
et
a
l.
[
9
]
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ex
am
in
e
h
o
w
th
ese
attr
ib
u
tes
im
p
ac
t
g
r
ad
u
ates’
jo
b
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
u
s
in
g
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
th
eo
r
y
as
a
g
u
id
in
g
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
.
B
y
s
u
r
v
ey
in
g
2
1
7
f
in
al
-
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
a
T
an
za
n
ia
n
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
at
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
h
av
e
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
t
ec
h
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
p
lace
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
v
al
u
e
o
n
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
a
b
ilit
ies,
as
well
as
s
p
ec
ialized
s
k
ills
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
ac
a
d
em
ic
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
am
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
e
r
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
to
eq
u
ip
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
a
b
alan
ce
d
s
k
ill s
et
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t th
at
f
o
s
ter
s
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
T
ay
co
et
a
l.
[
1
]
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
Neg
r
o
s
Or
ien
tal
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
NORS
U)
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
h
o
w
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
v
alu
es
with
jo
b
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
ey
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates’
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
n
o
t o
n
ly
b
y
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies,
s
u
ch
as c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
b
u
t
also
b
y
v
alu
es
in
s
till
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
NORS
U’
s
v
i
s
io
n
,
m
is
s
io
n
,
g
o
als,
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es
(
VM
GOs).
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
im
p
ly
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
e
m
p
h
asize
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
p
eten
c
ies
an
d
v
alu
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
g
r
a
d
u
ates'
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
th
e
r
e
b
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
v
alu
es a
r
e
p
i
v
o
tal
in
s
h
ap
in
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
m
ee
t jo
b
m
ar
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
.
Similar
ly
,
C
r
u
z
[1
0
]
ex
am
in
es
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
alu
m
n
i
in
T
ag
u
d
in
C
am
p
u
s
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
eir
q
u
alif
icati
o
n
s
,
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
a
n
d
al
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
s
k
ills
with
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
n
ee
d
s
.
Hig
h
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
r
ates
am
o
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates
em
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
l
an
d
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
a
n
d
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
m
e
e
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
,
a
n
d
s
tr
e
n
g
th
en
e
d
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
t
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
n
e
e
d
s
.
T
h
i
s
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
s
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
i
n
p
r
e
p
a
r
i
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
i
e
l
d
s
.
T
h
e
tr
ac
er
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Pen
tan
g
et
a
l.
[1
1
]
f
u
r
th
er
e
x
p
lo
r
es
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
tr
ain
in
g
to
jo
b
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
am
o
n
g
teac
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
W
ester
n
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
Un
iv
er
s
ity
–
Pu
er
to
Prin
ce
s
a
C
am
p
u
s
.
T
h
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
i
n
d
icate
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
ee
l
well
-
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
r
o
les,
with
s
tr
o
n
g
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
jo
b
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
s
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
lig
n
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
with
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
j
o
b
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
an
d
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
h
el
p
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
m
ee
t e
v
o
l
v
in
g
jo
b
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
8
2
-
1
9
0
3
1886
T
ak
in
g
a
b
r
o
ad
er
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
Su
m
an
asiri
et
a
l.
[1
2
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
o
n
th
e
g
lo
b
al
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
a
s
a
ce
n
tr
al
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
is
cu
s
s
h
o
w
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
f
ac
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
ts
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
ag
e
n
cies,
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
u
tc
o
m
es
o
f
th
eir
g
r
ad
u
ates
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
wh
ile
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
ex
is
ts
,
b
ar
r
ier
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
lack
o
f
s
t
an
d
ar
d
ized
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
an
d
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
cr
ea
te
ch
allen
g
es
in
alig
n
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es
with
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
a
u
n
if
ied
,
g
l
o
b
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
wo
u
ld
h
elp
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
to
ev
o
lv
in
g
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
.
I
n
a
s
im
ilar
v
ein
,
Sh
iv
o
r
o
is
et
a
l.
[1
3
]
cr
itically
an
aly
ze
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
o
n
g
r
ad
u
ate
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
o
f
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
p
r
ep
a
r
atio
n
.
T
h
eir
r
ev
iew
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
a
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
p
h
ase
to
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
attr
ib
u
tes
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
icu
la.
T
h
ey
em
p
h
asize
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
e
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
et
wee
n
ac
ad
em
ia
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
t
o
m
ee
t
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
n
e
ed
s
,
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
alig
n
ac
ad
e
m
ic
o
u
tp
u
t
with
m
ar
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
f
o
s
ter
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
attr
ib
u
tes s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
with
i
n
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
o
n
g
o
in
g
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
Salen
d
ab
an
d
San
ch
ez
[
1
4
]
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
tr
ac
er
s
tu
d
y
to
ass
ess
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
i
lity
s
tatu
s
o
f
B
E
E
D
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
Su
ltan
Ku
d
ar
at
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
SKSU)
-
Kala
m
an
s
ig
C
am
p
u
s
.
T
h
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
k
ey
c
o
m
p
et
en
cies,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
,
ar
e
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
B
E
E
D
g
r
ad
u
ates,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
r
o
les
with
co
m
p
etitiv
e
s
alar
ies.
T
h
ey
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
u
p
d
ates
an
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
t
to
en
h
a
n
ce
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
u
tco
m
es,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
m
ar
k
et
tr
en
d
s
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
g
r
ad
u
ates f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
o
les in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
.
Fin
ally
,
T
ig
h
t
[
1
5
]
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
s
h
if
tin
g
f
o
cu
s
with
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
war
d
s
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
as
a
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e,
esp
ec
ially
am
id
p
o
licy
c
h
an
g
es.
T
ig
h
t
[1
5
]
e
x
p
lo
r
es
th
e
d
eb
ate
ar
o
u
n
d
wh
eth
e
r
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
v
er
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
g
o
als,
p
o
i
n
tin
g
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
r
e
d
u
cin
g
ed
u
c
atio
n
to
a
m
ea
n
s
f
o
r
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
alo
n
e.
W
h
ile
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
is
v
alu
ab
le,
T
ig
h
t
[1
5
]
ar
g
u
es
f
o
r
a
b
alan
c
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
r
etain
s
b
r
o
ad
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
g
o
als
with
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
n
u
an
ce
d
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
m
p
lem
en
t
,
r
ath
e
r
th
a
n
o
v
e
r
s
h
ad
o
w,
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
a
n
d
in
tell
ec
tu
al
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
2
.
3
.
So
cio
-
ec
o
no
m
ic
a
nd
s
k
ill dev
elo
pm
ent
f
a
ct
o
rs
E
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
j
u
s
t
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
;
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ili
ty
s
k
ills
ar
e
eq
u
ally
cr
itical.
T
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
th
eir
j
o
b
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
b
y
An
tip
o
v
a
[
5
]
r
esear
ch
o
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
last
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
at
ar
ea
s
with
p
r
e
-
ex
is
tin
g
s
o
cial
in
e
q
u
alities
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
am
p
lifie
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
etb
ac
k
s
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
as
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
allo
win
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates
f
r
o
m
d
i
v
er
s
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
o
b
etter
ad
ap
t
to
a
n
d
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
th
e
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
is
v
ital
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
tr
ateg
ies.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
c
ted
b
y
T
a
y
co
et
a
l.
[
1
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
s
k
ill
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
t
in
ar
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
h
u
m
an
r
elatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
alig
n
s
clo
s
ely
with
jo
b
m
ar
k
e
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
eir
s
tu
d
y
o
n
NORS
U
g
r
ad
u
ates
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
is
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
b
y
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies,
wh
ich
em
p
lo
y
er
s
h
ig
h
ly
v
alu
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
ese
s
k
ills
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
r
ee
r
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
ar
e
b
etter
eq
u
i
p
p
ed
to
m
ee
t
ev
o
lv
in
g
jo
b
d
e
m
an
d
s
.
B
y
alig
n
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
b
jectiv
es
with
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
v
alu
e
d
i
n
th
e
j
o
b
m
ar
k
et,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
en
h
an
ce
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
ei
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eli
v
er
y
also
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
k
ills
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Ku
lal
et
a
l.
[1
6
]
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
d
is
tan
ce
v
er
s
u
s
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Ku
lal
et
a
l.
[1
6
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al,
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
lear
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
er
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
k
ills
,
s
u
ch
as
team
wo
r
k
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
ab
ilit
ies,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
eir
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
in
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
W
h
ile
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
lti
v
ates
co
m
p
eten
cies
lik
e
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
,
it
m
ay
lack
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
ar
e
cr
itical
to
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
ex
p
er
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
in
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
b
etter
eq
u
ip
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
th
e
f
u
ll
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
s
k
ills
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
f
o
r
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
alan
cin
g
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies w
ith
in
ter
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
is
e
s
s
en
tial f
o
r
h
o
lis
tic
s
k
ill d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Fu
r
th
er
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
n
atu
r
e
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
Gr
ee
n
an
d
He
n
s
ek
e
[
1
7
]
s
tu
d
y
o
n
t
h
e
B
r
itis
h
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et
r
e
v
ea
ls
h
o
w
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
s
k
ill
al
ig
n
m
en
t
with
jo
b
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
af
f
ec
t
g
r
a
d
u
ates'
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
.
T
h
ei
r
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
wh
ile
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
in
th
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
h
as
g
r
o
wn
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
mp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
o
f La
tin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
in
a
s
ta
te
u
n
ivers
ity
in
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
i
n
es (
E
mely
n
R
ic
o
-
V
illa
n
u
ev
a
)
1887
th
er
e
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
a
d
eq
u
ately
m
atch
ed
g
r
ad
u
ate
-
le
v
el
jo
b
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
wid
en
in
g
wag
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
,
w
h
er
e
wag
es
f
o
r
a
d
eq
u
ately
m
a
tch
ed
g
r
a
d
u
ates
r
o
s
e
at
th
e
u
p
p
er
en
d
,
wh
ile
t
h
o
s
e
f
o
r
m
is
m
atch
ed
g
r
ad
u
ates
d
ec
lin
ed
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
en
alty
f
o
r
s
k
ill
m
is
m
atch
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
alig
n
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ate
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
with
ac
tu
al
m
ar
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
.
Su
ch
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
ac
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
ch
alle
n
g
es
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
r
o
les
th
at
m
atch
th
eir
s
k
ill
lev
els,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
ad
a
p
t c
u
r
r
icu
la
t
h
at
clo
s
ely
r
ef
lect
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et
n
ee
d
s
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
eliv
e
r
y
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
co
n
d
itio
n
s
c
o
llectiv
ely
s
h
ap
e
g
r
ad
u
ate
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
em
p
h
asizin
g
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
cr
i
tical
th
in
k
in
g
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
b
ala
n
cin
g
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
Fin
ally
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
alig
n
wi
th
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
ca
n
h
elp
g
r
ad
u
ates
n
a
v
ig
ate
e
co
n
o
m
ic
c
h
allen
g
es
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
eir
em
p
l
o
y
ab
il
ity
.
2
.
4
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
inte
g
r
a
t
io
n
a
nd
a
da
ptiv
e
lea
rning
in em
plo
y
a
bil
it
y
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
o
ld
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ati
v
e
p
o
te
n
tial,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
en
h
an
cin
g
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
b
y
cu
ltiv
atin
g
ess
en
tial
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
.
Say
ib
u
et
a
l.
[
18
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
h
o
w
m
o
b
ile
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
lik
e
T
en
ce
n
t
APP
h
av
e
r
esh
ap
e
d
lear
n
i
n
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
at
e
q
u
ip
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-
d
r
iv
en
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
.
T
h
eir
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
co
u
p
led
with
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
to
o
ls
,
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
o
ls
ter
g
r
ad
u
ates'
ab
ilit
y
to
n
av
i
g
ate
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ities
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets.
T
h
is
in
s
ig
h
t
is
p
ar
t
icu
lar
ly
r
elev
an
t
to
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
lik
e
R
SU
,
wh
er
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es c
o
u
ld
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
en
h
a
n
ce
g
r
ad
u
ates'
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
C
h
o
i
[
19
]
,
wh
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es o
f
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
ath
wa
y
s
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
ain
in
g
.
His
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
s
th
at
th
ese
p
a
th
way
s
o
f
ten
lead
to
b
etter
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
u
tco
m
es
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
i
c
r
o
u
tes,
as
th
e
y
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
d
ir
ec
tly
ap
p
licab
le
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
in
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
th
at
p
r
io
r
itize
d
ig
ital
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
as
a
co
r
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ain
i
n
g
th
at
em
p
h
asizes
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies
ca
n
b
etter
alig
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
with
jo
b
m
ar
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
t
h
eir
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
.
I
n
a
b
r
o
a
d
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
B
u
tu
m
an
d
Nico
lescu
[
6
]
r
ev
iew
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
p
a
r
ticu
la
r
ly
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
r
ap
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
t
h
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
.
T
h
eir
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
ls
a
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
a
m
o
n
g
em
p
lo
y
er
s
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
k
ey
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
t
h
at
alig
n
with
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
d
e
m
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
in
te
g
r
ated
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
m
o
d
el
wh
er
e
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
co
llab
o
r
ativ
ely
s
h
ap
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
e
m
p
h
a
s
izes
th
at
alig
n
in
g
ac
ad
e
m
ic
c
u
r
r
icu
la
with
m
ar
k
et
n
ee
d
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
eten
cies,
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ev
o
l
v
in
g
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
a
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
ef
f
o
r
t
am
o
n
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
is
v
ital
to
clo
s
e
th
e
s
k
ills
g
ap
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
ar
e
f
u
lly
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
ce
n
tr
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
co
llectiv
ely
a
f
f
ir
m
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
Dig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
en
h
an
ce
d
ass
ess
m
en
ts
eq
u
ip
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
co
m
p
eten
cies
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
teg
r
ate
d
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
m
o
d
el
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
c
o
h
esiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
er
e
ac
a
d
em
ia
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
c
o
llab
o
r
ate
to
d
ev
elo
p
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
th
at
r
ef
lect
th
e
s
k
ills
es
s
en
tial
in
to
d
ay
’
s
e
v
o
lv
in
g
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
.
Fo
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
lik
e
R
SU
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
-
alig
n
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
el
co
u
l
d
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
g
r
ad
u
ates’
ca
r
ee
r
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
cc
ess
.
2
.
5
.
I
nclus
iv
it
y
,
m
ent
o
rsh
ip,
a
nd
lea
dersh
ip i
n c
a
re
er
prepa
ra
t
io
n
An
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
co
u
p
led
with
m
en
t
o
r
s
h
ip
an
d
lead
er
s
h
i
p
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
to
en
h
a
n
cin
g
g
r
a
d
u
ate
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
.
I
n
clu
s
iv
e
p
r
ac
tices
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
o
r
d
iv
er
s
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
b
y
Seeh
awe
r
a
n
d
B
r
eid
lid
[
20
]
,
wh
o
ar
g
u
e
th
at
in
teg
r
atin
g
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
in
t
o
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
eq
u
ip
s
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
o
r
b
o
th
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
esp
ec
ts
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
d
iv
er
s
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
u
t
also
f
o
s
ter
s
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
m
ak
i
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
an
d
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
B
y
alig
n
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
ea
liti
es,
in
clu
s
iv
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
a
en
ab
le
g
r
a
d
u
ates
to
en
g
a
g
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
in
m
u
lticu
ltu
r
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
wh
ich
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
v
alu
ed
in
m
o
d
er
n
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
ity
,
m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
p
lay
s
a
cr
itic
al
r
o
le
i
n
g
r
ad
u
ates’
ca
r
ee
r
r
e
ad
in
ess
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
m
with
g
u
id
an
ce
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
.
Ma
r
ey
et
a
l.
[
21
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
en
t
o
r
s
h
ip
-
b
ased
ev
alu
ativ
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tes
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
8
2
-
1
9
0
3
1888
g
r
ad
u
ates
r
ec
eiv
e
g
u
id
a
n
ce
th
at
h
elp
s
th
em
n
av
ig
ate
co
m
p
l
ex
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
f
o
s
ter
s
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t.
T
h
is
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
m
o
d
el
al
ig
n
s
well
with
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
o
r
co
m
p
etitiv
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets,
as
it
o
f
f
er
s
s
u
s
tain
ed
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
at
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
Gr
ad
u
ates
wh
o
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
ar
e
b
etter
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
to
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
m
o
o
t
h
ly
in
to
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
b
en
ef
itin
g
f
r
o
m
a
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
at
b
o
ls
ter
s
b
o
t
h
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
L
ea
d
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
also
em
er
g
e
as
p
iv
o
tal
elem
en
ts
in
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
ab
ilit
y
to
tak
e
o
n
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
r
o
l
es
with
in
th
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Sh
ar
ar
an
d
Naw
ab
[
4
]
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
wh
o
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
in
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
in
itiativ
e
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
d
e
v
elo
p
co
m
p
eten
cies
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
le
ad
er
s
h
ip
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
Su
ch
s
k
ills
f
o
s
ter
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
in
itiativ
e,
q
u
alities
th
at
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
s
o
u
g
h
t
a
f
ter
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Similar
ly
,
Nap
ar
an
an
d
B
alim
b
in
g
an
[
22
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
m
i
n
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
Mu
s
lim
s
t
u
d
en
ts
in
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
C
ath
o
lic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
to
f
o
s
ter
eq
u
itab
le
ca
r
ee
r
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
i
n
clu
s
iv
ity
,
m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
,
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
r
ep
ar
es
g
r
ad
u
ates
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
b
u
t
also
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
ely
to
d
iv
er
s
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
in
clu
s
iv
ity
an
d
tailo
r
ed
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t,
Patu
lin
et
a
l.
[
23
]
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
tr
ajec
to
r
ies
o
f
al
u
m
n
i
f
r
o
m
Su
r
ig
ao
Del
No
r
te
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
in
th
e
Ph
ili
p
p
in
es.
T
h
eir
tr
ac
e
r
s
tu
d
y
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
lleg
e
o
f
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
C
T
E
)
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
r
e
v
ea
ls
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
s
,
n
o
tin
g
th
at
wh
ile
y
o
u
n
g
er
C
T
E
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
ten
en
ter
teac
h
in
g
r
o
les
with
m
o
d
est
s
alar
ies,
o
ld
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
GS)
alu
m
n
i
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
h
o
ld
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
tailo
r
ed
to
ea
c
h
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
i
n
g
en
h
an
ce
d
alu
m
n
i
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
B
y
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
in
g
th
e
d
i
v
er
s
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
alu
m
n
i,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
at
en
a
b
les
g
r
ad
u
ates
to
th
r
iv
e
in
v
ar
ied
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
o
les.
Hig
h
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates,
wh
o
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
th
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
.
Villan
u
ev
a
et
a
l.
[
24
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
g
r
ad
u
atin
g
with
h
o
n
o
r
s
cu
ltiv
ates
r
esil
ien
ce
,
o
p
tim
is
m
,
an
d
a
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
g
r
o
wth
,
att
r
ib
u
tes
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
r
ad
u
ates
i
n
n
av
ig
atin
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
o
v
er
s
ea
s
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
ei
r
r
esear
c
h
em
p
h
asize
s
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
wo
r
k
eth
ic
an
d
a
g
o
al
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
in
d
s
et
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates p
o
s
s
ess
a
n
atu
r
al
in
clin
atio
n
to
war
d
s
elf
-
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
i
m
ilar
o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
a
b
r
o
ad
er
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
th
at
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
wh
ich
ar
e
k
ey
to
ac
h
iev
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
in
co
m
p
etitiv
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets.
C
ar
ee
r
-
g
u
id
an
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
also
p
lay
a
v
alu
ab
le
r
o
le
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
lo
n
g
-
te
r
m
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
jo
b
s
tab
ilit
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
am
o
n
g
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t
lead
er
s
.
R
ar
a
et
a
l
.
[
25
]
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
tr
ajec
to
r
ies
o
f
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
lead
er
s
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
m
an
y
e
n
ter
s
tab
le
p
o
s
i
tio
n
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
co
m
p
etitiv
e
s
alar
ies
an
d
r
eg
u
lar
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
s
.
T
h
eir
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
lead
er
s
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
k
ill
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
clea
r
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
v
o
ca
tes
f
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
-
g
u
id
an
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
a
v
is
io
n
f
o
r
th
ei
r
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
b
o
t
h
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
f
u
l
f
illme
n
t.
Fin
ally
,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
C
asan
o
v
a
an
d
Pag
u
ia
[
26
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
O
cc
id
en
tal
Min
d
o
r
o
State
C
o
lleg
e.
B
y
ex
am
in
in
g
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
u
tco
m
es,
jo
b
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
th
eir
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
s
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
wh
o
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
lead
er
s
h
i
p
s
k
ills
ten
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
g
r
ea
ter
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
ar
e
o
f
ten
p
r
o
m
o
t
ed
to
m
id
d
le
-
le
v
el
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
A
d
d
it
io
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
a
t
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
a
s
ag
e
an
d
g
e
n
d
er
,
alo
n
g
with
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
jo
b
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
lead
er
s
h
ip
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
with
in
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates c
an
m
ee
t th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
th
e
jo
b
m
ar
k
et.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
cr
ea
tin
g
an
in
clu
s
i
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
ar
e
cr
itical
to
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ca
r
ee
r
s
.
T
h
ese
elem
en
ts
co
llectiv
ely
f
o
s
te
r
r
esil
ien
ce
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
a
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
q
u
alities
th
at
ar
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
v
al
u
ed
b
y
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
B
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
i
v
er
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
eq
u
ip
g
r
ad
u
ates w
ith
th
e
to
o
ls
to
n
av
ig
ate
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
es a
n
d
ex
ce
l in
v
ar
ied
r
o
les.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
p
ec
i
f
ically
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
s
eq
u
en
ti
al
d
esig
n
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
o
th
q
u
an
titativ
e
a
n
d
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
t
o
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
o
n
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
R
SU
f
o
r
AY
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
2
2
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
t
itativ
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
mp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
o
f La
tin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
in
a
s
ta
te
u
n
ivers
ity
in
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
i
n
es (
E
mely
n
R
ic
o
-
V
illa
n
u
ev
a
)
1889
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ized
s
u
r
v
e
y
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
th
e
co
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
c
atio
n
(
C
HE
D)
f
o
r
tr
ac
er
s
tu
d
ies,
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
o
b
jectiv
e
d
ata
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ates’
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
,
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
s
tatu
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
a
n
d
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
tr
ain
in
g
o
r
s
em
in
ar
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
co
m
p
lem
en
ts
th
is
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
FGD
an
d
g
ath
er
in
g
wr
itten
n
ar
r
ativ
es
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
wh
ich
aim
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ee
p
e
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
eir
licen
s
u
r
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
,
ca
r
ee
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
m
eth
o
d
s
en
s
u
r
es a
well
-
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates'
ca
r
ee
r
tr
ajec
to
r
ies.
3
.
2
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n,
s
a
m
ple,
a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
all
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
—
C
u
m
L
au
d
e,
M
ag
n
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e,
an
d
Su
m
m
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
—
wh
o
ea
r
n
ed
th
eir
b
ac
h
el
o
r
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
f
r
o
m
R
SU
b
etw
ee
n
2
0
1
5
an
d
2
0
2
2
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
r
eg
is
tr
ar
’
s
o
f
f
ice,
a
to
tal
o
f
2
5
3
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
th
r
ee
h
o
n
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
(
8
7
%)
r
ec
eiv
ed
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
h
o
n
o
r
s
,
wh
ile
f
ewe
r
ac
h
iev
ed
Ma
g
n
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
an
d
Su
m
m
a
C
u
m
L
a
u
d
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
C
o
ch
r
an
’
s
f
o
r
m
u
la
was
ap
p
lied
,
u
s
in
g
a
9
0
%
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
an
d
a
m
a
r
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
o
f
1
0
.
3
4
%.
T
h
is
ca
lcu
latio
n
r
e
s
u
lted
in
a
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
5
1
g
r
a
d
u
ates.
Qu
o
ta
s
am
p
lin
g
was
th
en
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
all
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
m
ir
r
o
r
in
g
th
e
ac
t
u
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
C
u
m
L
au
d
e,
Ma
g
n
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e,
an
d
Su
m
m
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
g
r
ad
u
ates.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
was
ch
o
s
en
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
ca
p
tu
r
ed
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
a
d
u
at
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
c
h
allen
g
e
s
o
f
tr
ac
k
in
g
alu
m
n
i,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
th
o
s
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
lo
ca
te,
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
am
p
le
in
clu
d
ed
4
0
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
g
r
ad
u
ates a
n
d
1
1
Ma
g
n
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
g
r
ad
u
ates,
with
n
o
Su
m
m
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
as
t
h
o
s
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wer
e
r
a
r
e
o
r
u
n
av
ailab
le.
T
h
ese
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
c
h
allen
g
es
in
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
c
o
n
tact
with
g
r
ad
u
ates
a
n
d
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
er
al
u
m
n
i
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
a
d
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
s
o
ci
al
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
d
ig
ital to
o
ls
to
tr
ac
k
g
r
ad
u
ates m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
r
eliab
le
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
lis
t
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
was
eth
ically
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
r
eg
is
tr
a
r
’
s
o
f
f
ice,
g
u
ar
an
teein
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
a
b
le
1
p
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
ac
r
o
s
s
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
t
o
2
0
2
0
.
T
h
is
d
ata,
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
o
f
f
icial
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
a
to
tal
o
f
2
5
3
g
r
ad
u
ates
ea
r
n
ed
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
is
p
er
io
d
,
with
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
d
o
m
in
atin
g
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
v
ar
ied
e
ac
h
y
ea
r
,
p
ea
k
i
n
g
in
2017
–
2
0
1
8
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
an
o
u
ts
tan
d
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
tim
e.
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
r
o
p
i
n
2019
–
2
0
2
0
m
ay
r
e
f
lect
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
c
h
an
g
es
in
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
r
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
en
s
u
r
e
d
t
h
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ep
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
R
SU L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates.
-
Ste
p 1
:
i
dentif
y
t
o
t
a
l po
pu
la
t
io
n (
L
a
t
in
-
ho
no
r
g
ra
du
a
t
es f
ro
m
AY
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
2
0
)
I
n
th
e
p
ast
s
ix
y
ea
r
s
,
a
to
tal
o
f
2
5
3
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
r
ad
u
ated
with
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
s
wh
er
ein
m
o
s
tly
wer
e
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
(
2
2
1
,
8
7
%).
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
s
ea
ch
y
ea
r
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
1
8
in
2
0
1
9
-
2
0
2
0
to
5
6
in
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
8
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
in
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
8
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
is
p
ar
ticu
la
r
y
ea
r
h
ad
th
e
h
ig
h
est
ac
a
d
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
r
o
p
in
2
0
1
9
-
2
0
2
0
c
o
u
ld
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
in
clu
d
in
g
ch
an
g
es
in
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
r
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
em
ic.
T
ab
le
1
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
m
p
u
s
es f
r
o
m
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
2
0
La
t
i
n
h
o
n
o
r
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
/
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
1
6
2
0
1
6
-
2
0
1
7
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
8
2
0
1
8
-
2
0
1
9
2
0
1
9
-
2
0
2
0
To
t
a
l
C
u
m
La
u
d
e
34
31
48
52
40
16
2
2
1
M
a
g
n
a
C
u
m L
a
u
d
e
3
7
5
4
10
1
30
S
u
mm
a
C
u
m
La
u
d
e
1
1
2
To
t
a
l
37
38
53
56
51
18
2
5
3
D
a
t
a
so
u
r
c
e
:
R
S
U
o
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
r
e
g
i
s
t
r
a
r
-
Ste
p 2
:
s
a
m
ple size
estim
a
t
io
n a
t
9
0
%
lev
el
o
f
co
nfidence
E
s
tim
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
les
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
in
g
C
o
c
h
r
an
e
q
u
at
io
n
f
o
r
f
in
ite
p
o
p
u
latio
n
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
was
u
tili
ze
d
with
1
0
.
3
4
%
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
a
n
d
a
9
0
%
le
v
el
o
f
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
was
a
d
m
in
is
ter
ed
.
In
(
1
)
was
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
le
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
8
8
2
-
1
9
0
3
1890
=
(
2
)
(
(
̂
∗
(
1
−
̂
)
)
2
1
+
(
(
2
)
(
(
̂
∗
(
1
−
̂
)
)
2
)
−
1
(
1
)
W
h
er
e:
n
=
s
am
p
le
s
ize
e
=
th
e
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
z
=
cr
itical
v
alu
e
at
9
0
% lev
el
o
f
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
̂
=
th
e
ass
u
m
ed
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
b
e
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ed
N
=
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
with
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
-
2020
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
e
s
tim
ated
s
am
p
le
s
ize
wa
s
5
1
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
s
el
ec
ted
u
s
in
g
q
u
o
ta
s
am
p
lin
g
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
a
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
s
.
B
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ally
allo
ca
tin
g
th
e
s
am
p
les
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
r
ec
eiv
ed
(
e
.
g
.
,
C
u
m
L
au
d
e,
Ma
g
n
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e,
Su
m
m
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e)
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
aim
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
a
b
alan
ce
d
v
iew
o
f
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
s
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
ws
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
r
ef
lectio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
'
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
e
an
in
g
f
u
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
o
u
tc
o
m
es
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
with
v
ar
y
in
g
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
.
Qu
o
ta
s
a
m
p
lin
g
was
u
s
ed
to
h
elp
m
ai
n
tain
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
with
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
s
,
e
n
h
an
c
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
elev
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
f
o
r
C
u
m
L
a
u
d
e
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
w
as
4
5
w
h
i
l
e
6
f
o
r
M
a
g
C
u
m
L
a
u
d
e
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
w
h
o
w
e
r
e
t
r
a
c
e
d
w
as
4
0
a
n
d
1
1
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
wi
t
h
5
s
a
m
p
le
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
’
s
w
h
e
r
e
a
b
o
u
t
s
.
T
h
is
s
i
t
u
ati
o
n
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
s
t
h
e
n
ec
e
s
s
it
y
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
a
l
u
m
n
i
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
c
h
ie
v
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
e
c
is
e
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
c
a
n
al
s
o
b
e
l
e
s
s
e
n
e
d
b
y
u
r
g
i
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
t
o
m
a
i
n
ta
i
n
t
ie
s
a
n
d
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
r
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
es
.
M
a
k
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
a
n
d
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
t
r
o
n
g
e
r
a
l
u
m
n
i
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
m
a
y
m
a
k
e
i
t
e
as
i
e
r
t
o
f
i
n
d
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
x
p
ec
ted
s
am
p
les v
s
.
ac
tu
al
s
am
p
les
3
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
a
t
io
n
Data
co
llectio
n
was
f
ac
ilit
ate
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
H
E
D
tr
ac
er
s
tu
d
y
g
u
id
eli
n
es.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
g
at
h
er
in
g
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
ata
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ates’
g
en
er
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
wen
t
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
with
a
p
an
el
o
f
f
i
v
e
ex
p
e
r
ts
ass
ess
in
g
its
f
ac
e
an
d
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
was
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
to
r
ef
in
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
clar
ity
an
d
r
elev
a
n
ce
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
e
r
e
v
is
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
in
te
r
-
r
ater
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
,
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
an
in
tr
ac
lass
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
I
C
C
)
o
f
0
.
8
9
6
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
s
tr
o
n
g
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
r
ater
s
an
d
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
t.
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
pro
ce
s
s
ing
a
nd
s
t
a
t
is
t
ica
l t
o
o
ls
us
ed
Af
ter
estab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
ata
co
l
lectio
n
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
c
o
m
m
e
n
ce
d
.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
e
n
co
d
e
d
,
d
ec
o
d
e
d
,
an
d
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
clea
n
in
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
q
u
ality
,
wh
ich
was
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
an
aly
s
is
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tics
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ea
n
s
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
tab
les,
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
th
e
45
40
5
6
11
-
5
Ex
p
e
c
te
d
Ac
tu
a
l
Diffe
re
n
c
e
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
Ma
g
n
a
C
u
m
L
au
d
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
mp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
o
f La
tin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
in
a
s
ta
te
u
n
ivers
ity
in
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
i
n
es (
E
mely
n
R
ic
o
-
V
illa
n
u
ev
a
)
1891
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
n
o
n
-
p
ar
am
etr
ic
test
s
,
s
u
ch
as
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
r
an
k
co
r
r
elatio
n
,
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ass
es
s
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
two
s
ca
le
v
ar
iab
les,
w
h
ile
c
hi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
s
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
an
aly
ze
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
ca
teg
o
r
ical
o
r
co
u
n
t
d
ata.
T
o
f
u
r
th
e
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates,
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
elin
g
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
id
en
tify
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
en
tire
q
u
a
n
t
itativ
e
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
tatis
tical
p
ac
k
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
c
es (
SP
S
S)
v
er
s
io
n
2
9
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
r
eliab
le
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
t statis
tical
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
,
FGD
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
v
alid
ate
an
d
co
m
p
lem
en
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
ese
FGDs
wer
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
p
lan
n
e
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
an
d
in
s
ig
h
t
f
u
l
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
A
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
u
tlin
in
g
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
q
u
an
titativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
was
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
,
al
lo
win
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
to
en
g
ag
e
with
k
ey
th
e
m
es
an
d
s
tatis
tical
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
Mo
d
er
a
to
r
s
,
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
ex
ten
s
iv
e
tr
ain
in
g
,
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
FGDs
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
o
p
e
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
m
an
ag
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
d
y
n
am
ics
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
n
e
u
tr
al
an
d
c
o
m
f
o
r
ta
b
le
s
ettin
g
s
,
eith
er
in
p
er
s
o
n
o
r
v
ir
tu
ally
,
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
av
aila
b
ilit
y
.
E
ac
h
s
ess
io
n
last
ed
b
etwe
en
6
0
to
9
0
m
in
u
tes,
i
n
v
o
lv
in
g
6
t
o
1
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
W
ith
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
'
co
n
s
en
t,
all
s
ess
io
n
s
wer
e
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
ac
c
u
r
at
e
tr
an
s
cr
ip
tio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
f
lo
w
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
to
b
e
g
in
with
an
in
tr
o
d
u
cti
o
n
an
d
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
t
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
aim
ed
at
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata,
g
ath
er
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
a
n
d
r
ea
ch
in
g
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
.
E
ac
h
s
es
s
io
n
co
n
clu
d
ed
with
a
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
an
d
f
in
al
c
o
m
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
v
alu
ab
le
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata,
wh
ic
h
ad
d
ed
d
ep
th
to
th
e
in
itial
q
u
an
titativ
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
d
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es in
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
r
esear
c
h
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
c
o
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
FGDs
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
em
atic
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
o
r
g
an
izin
g
th
e
d
ata
i
n
to
co
d
es,
id
en
t
if
y
in
g
b
r
o
ad
e
r
th
em
es,
a
n
d
r
e
f
in
in
g
th
o
s
e
th
e
m
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
y
ac
cu
r
ately
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
'
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
Sp
ec
ial
ca
r
e
was
tak
en
to
d
ef
in
e
ea
c
h
th
em
e
clea
r
ly
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
f
aith
f
u
lly
ca
p
tu
r
ed
an
d
i
n
ter
p
r
eted
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
in
itial
d
ata
clea
n
in
g
,
en
co
d
in
g
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
,
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
v
er
s
io
n
2
9
.
Des
cr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
,
s
u
ch
as
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
m
ea
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
,
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
clea
r
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates'
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
r
an
k
co
r
r
elatio
n
was
ap
p
lied
to
test
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
o
r
d
in
al
an
d
s
ca
le
v
ar
iab
les,
wh
ile
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ex
am
in
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
ca
teg
o
r
ical
v
a
r
iab
les.
Fin
ally
,
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
m
o
d
elin
g
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
th
e
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates.
3
.
5
.
Q
ua
lit
a
t
iv
e
da
t
a
co
llect
i
o
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
FGD
with
s
elec
ted
g
r
ad
u
at
es.
T
h
ese
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
th
em
es,
s
u
ch
as
ca
r
ee
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
h
o
n
o
r
s
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
an
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
.
E
ac
h
FGD
s
ess
io
n
last
ed
b
etwe
en
6
0
to
9
0
m
in
u
tes
an
d
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
6
to
1
0
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
.
W
ith
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
co
n
s
en
t,
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
tr
an
s
cr
i
b
ed
,
a
n
d
a
n
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
atic
an
aly
s
is
.
Mo
d
er
ato
r
s
w
er
e
tr
ain
ed
to
f
o
s
ter
o
p
en
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
g
u
id
e
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
t
o
id
en
tify
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
th
em
es
i
n
th
e
FGDs
an
d
wr
itten
n
ar
r
ativ
es.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
co
d
ed
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
th
em
es we
r
e
r
ef
in
ed
a
n
d
v
alid
ated
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
y
ac
cu
r
ately
r
e
f
lecte
d
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
'
s
h
ar
ed
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
.
T
h
ese
th
em
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
c
r
itical
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates'
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
co
m
b
in
in
g
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
with
r
ich
q
u
alitativ
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
L
atin
-
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
R
SU.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
o
t
h
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
allo
ws
f
o
r
a
d
etailed
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
cc
ess
,
d
eliv
er
in
g
a
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
'
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
L
atin
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
b
asic
g
en
er
al
attr
ib
u
tes,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
an
d
em
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatis
tics
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
s
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
.
4
.
1
.
Su
mm
a
ry
s
t
a
t
is
t
ics o
n t
he
dem
o
g
ra
ph
ic
pro
f
ile
o
f
L
a
t
in
ho
no
r
g
ra
du
a
t
es
T
h
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
p
r
o
f
il
e
o
f
t
h
e
L
ati
n
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
at
es
r
e
f
lects
a
p
r
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
tl
y
y
o
u
n
g
c
o
h
o
r
t
as
r
e
f
le
ct
ed
i
n
T
a
b
le
2
,
wit
h
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
(
5
6
.
9
%)
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
a
g
e
d
b
e
twe
en
2
5
a
n
d
3
0
y
e
ar
s
,
f
o
ll
o
we
d
b
y
th
o
s
e
b
e
lo
w
2
5
y
e
ar
s
(
3
9
.
2
%)
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
l
t
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
R
S
U'
s
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
is
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
i
n
f
a
cili
tat
in
g
tim
el
y
d
eg
r
ee
c
o
m
p
let
io
n
an
d
t
r
a
n
s
i
ti
o
n
in
to
th
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
.
A
n
o
ta
b
le
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
is
t
h
a
t
6
5
%
o
f
t
h
ese
h
o
n
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
a
r
e
f
e
m
a
le
,
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
wo
m
e
n
in
ex
ce
l
li
n
g
a
ca
d
e
m
ic
all
y
.
T
h
is
r
ef
l
ec
ts
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
s
o
ci
et
al
tr
e
n
d
s
i
n
g
e
n
d
e
r
e
q
u
it
y
i
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
,
p
ar
t
ic
u
l
ar
ly
i
n
tr
a
d
i
ti
o
n
all
y
m
al
e
-
d
o
m
in
ate
d
f
iel
d
s
.
R
SU'
s
f
o
c
u
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.