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Appl
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I
J
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)
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2
,
J
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n
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20
2
5
,
p
p
.
459
~
4
6
6
I
SS
N:
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8
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.
v
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.
i
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.
pp
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466
459
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ttp
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a
p
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.
ia
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m
Renewab
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energ
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usa
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e f
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energy
ma
na
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ement and i
ts
a
dv
erse impa
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ue t
o
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creas
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rend
of ele
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ddition
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th
e S
tate of
K
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la
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India
T
ho
m
a
s
G
eo
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e,
A.
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a
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ticle
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to
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ev
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Dec
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4
Acc
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ted
J
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1
9
,
2
0
2
5
No
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re
n
e
wa
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ra
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ir
a
p
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a
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o
m
in
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o
m
m
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t
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p
ics
o
f
d
isc
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ss
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a
ll
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c
ro
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lo
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e
.
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h
e
i
n
c
re
a
se
d
u
se
r
c
o
m
fo
rt,
b
il
l
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u
c
ti
o
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a
n
d
g
o
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r
n
m
e
n
t
su
b
si
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y
sc
h
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m
e
s
m
a
k
e
m
o
re
c
o
n
su
m
e
rs
in
tere
ste
d
in
in
sta
ll
i
ng
th
e
se
su
sta
in
a
b
le
s
o
u
rc
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
ir
h
o
m
e
s.
Also
,
t
h
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u
ti
li
t
y
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o
m
p
a
n
y
w
il
l
b
e
a
b
le
to
lev
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it
s
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e
a
k
lo
a
d
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
it
s
c
a
rb
o
n
fo
o
t
p
rin
t
.
Do
e
s
in
sta
ll
in
g
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
in
h
o
m
e
s
with
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
b
il
li
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
h
e
lp
in
re
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
c
a
rb
o
n
f
o
o
t
p
ri
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
u
ti
l
it
y
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
?
Als
o
,
a
re
th
e
re
c
h
a
n
c
e
s
fo
r
a
n
in
c
re
a
se
d
tren
d
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
lo
a
d
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
in
h
o
m
e
s
i
n
st
a
ll
e
d
wit
h
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
p
lan
ts
h
a
v
in
g
n
e
t
m
e
terin
g
sc
h
e
m
e
s
to
lea
d
to
p
e
a
k
lo
a
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
b
u
r
d
e
n
?
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is
p
a
p
e
r
is
a
n
a
tt
e
m
p
t
to
u
n
d
e
rli
n
e
t
h
e
b
e
n
e
fit
s
o
f
u
sin
g
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
s
o
u
rc
e
s
a
t
h
o
m
e
b
u
t
a
t
t
h
e
sa
m
e
ti
m
e
wh
a
t
a
re
th
e
p
re
c
a
u
ti
o
n
s
to
b
e
tak
e
n
w
h
il
e
u
sin
g
t
h
e
sa
m
e
in
t
h
e
sta
te
o
f
Ke
ra
la,
I
n
d
ia.
Th
e
p
a
p
e
r
a
lso
p
r
o
p
o
se
s
a
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
p
o
rtab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
we
re
d
li
g
h
t
to
we
r
th
a
t
h
e
lp
s
i
n
le
v
e
li
n
g
p
e
a
k
l
o
a
d
s
i
n
h
o
m
e
s
with
o
n
-
g
r
id
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
wh
ich
a
re
b
il
led
u
n
d
e
r
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
io
n
a
l
b
l
o
c
k
ra
te p
ricin
g
sc
h
e
m
e
th
ro
u
g
h
n
e
t
m
e
terin
g
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
lectr
ic
lo
ad
Ho
m
e
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
Po
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
e
d
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
t
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
Su
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
o
m
as Ge
o
r
g
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
s
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Kar
u
n
y
a
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
Scien
ce
s
Kar
u
n
y
a
Nag
a
r
,
C
o
im
b
ato
r
e
6
4
1
1
1
4
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
k
tg
h
cl@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
wad
ay
s
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
s
v
er
y
c
o
m
m
o
n
in
m
an
y
co
u
n
tr
ies.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
wid
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
ar
e
b
ein
g
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
h
ar
v
est
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
ar
e
win
d
an
d
s
u
n
[
1
]
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
o
f
th
e
wo
r
ld
s
p
en
d
a
lo
t
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
m
ax
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
As
m
o
r
e
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
tr
y
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t,
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
h
elp
s
in
attain
in
g
th
eir
in
te
n
d
ed
g
o
al
a
t
a
m
u
ch
f
aster
r
ate.
Ma
n
y
h
o
m
es
in
th
e
wo
r
l
d
ar
e
i
n
s
tallin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
th
u
s
th
eir
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
n
p
o
wer
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
ies
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
an
d
th
u
s
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
o
f
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
[
2
]
.
As
m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
m
ar
t
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ar
e
g
ettin
g
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et,
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
ar
e
in
a
s
tag
e
o
f
p
ar
tially
o
r
f
u
lly
a
u
to
m
atin
g
t
h
eir
h
o
m
es
b
y
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
an
d
in
s
tallin
g
th
e
s
am
e.
Als
o
,
m
an
y
c
u
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
r
esear
ch
es
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
n
g
in
th
e
b
atter
y
s
ec
to
r
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
(
EV
)
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
ca
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
th
eir
ca
r
s
at
a
m
u
ch
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
r
ate,
an
d
h
en
ce
m
o
r
e
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
s
witch
in
g
to
E
Vs.
Al
s
o
,
a
f
ew
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
am
en
d
in
g
th
eir
tax
laws
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
willin
g
to
p
u
r
ch
ase
an
E
V.
Als
o
,
f
ew
n
atio
n
s
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
r
estrictio
n
s
f
o
r
in
ter
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
en
g
i
n
e
-
b
ased
ca
r
s
f
r
o
m
en
ter
in
g
m
ajo
r
to
wn
s
[
3
]
.
Fo
r
s
o
m
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
th
eir
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
o
E
V
is
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t,
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
it is
a
s
tep
tak
en
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
ei
r
f
u
el
ex
p
en
s
e,
an
d
f
o
r
a
f
ew,
i
t is th
e
s
h
ee
r
p
leasu
r
e
o
f
d
r
iv
i
n
g
an
E
V
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
4
59
-
4
66
460
I
n
th
e
s
tate
o
f
Ker
ala,
I
n
d
i
a
th
e
m
ajo
r
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
is
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
[
5
]
.
Du
r
in
g
s
u
m
m
er
s
ea
s
o
n
s
,
th
e
s
tate
elec
tr
icity
b
o
a
r
d
n
ee
d
s
to
p
u
r
ch
ase
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
g
r
id
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
p
lan
ts
in
I
n
d
ia
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
i
n
I
n
d
ia
is
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
[
6
]
.
No
wad
ay
s
th
e
s
tate
an
d
ce
n
tr
a
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
a
v
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
lo
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
id
y
s
ch
em
es
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
willin
g
to
in
s
tall r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
-
b
ased
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
in
th
e
ir
h
o
m
es [
7
]
.
Utilizin
g
th
is
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
m
o
r
e
a
n
d
m
o
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s
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s
ar
e
in
s
tallin
g
s
o
lar
p
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wer
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lan
ts
o
n
th
eir
r
o
o
f
to
p
s
.
Har
v
esti
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g
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en
ewa
b
le
e
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er
g
y
tr
em
en
d
o
u
s
ly
r
ed
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ce
s
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
o
n
t
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er
m
al
p
o
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la
n
ts
,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
ea
k
l
o
ad
s
[
8
]
.
B
u
t
ar
e
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
s
er
io
u
s
ly
in
ter
ested
in
lev
elin
g
th
e
p
ea
k
l
o
ad
o
f
th
e
u
tili
ty
c
o
m
p
an
y
?
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
wa
n
t
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
eir
b
ill
a
m
o
u
n
t
an
d
al
s
o
wis
h
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
u
s
er
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
[
9
]
.
I
n
s
tallatio
n
o
f
r
en
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
in
h
o
m
es
h
elp
s
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
b
ill
am
o
u
n
t
a
n
d
g
iv
es
a
d
ec
en
t
r
etu
r
n
in
th
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
b
y
s
ellin
g
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
id
e
as th
e
u
tili
ty
b
ill r
ed
u
ce
s
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
ten
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
el
ec
tr
ic
lo
ad
s
lik
e
s
m
ar
t
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
E
Vs,
an
d
o
th
er
a
u
to
m
at
ed
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
Ker
ala
State
E
lectr
icity
B
o
ar
d
is
f
o
llo
win
g
an
in
clin
in
g
b
lo
c
k
r
ate
(
I
B
R
)
b
illi
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
h
o
m
es
lo
ca
ted
in
Ker
ala
[
1
0
]
wh
ic
h
o
n
l
y
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
its
co
n
s
u
m
ed
an
d
n
o
t
t
h
e
tim
e
o
f
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Fo
r
h
o
m
es
in
s
talled
with
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
la
n
ts
,
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
is
d
u
r
in
g
d
ay
tim
e
o
n
ly
[
1
0
]
an
d
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
ad
s
in
s
talled
in
th
e
h
o
m
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
wer
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
y
wh
i
ch
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
cr
ea
tes
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
u
r
d
e
n
wh
en
tr
y
i
n
g
f
o
r
p
ea
k
l
o
ad
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
r
l
o
ad
lev
el
in
g
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
an
attem
p
t
t
o
en
lig
h
ten
th
e
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
-
b
ased
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
in
h
o
m
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
b
atter
y
-
b
ased
p
o
r
tab
le
l
ig
h
t
to
wer
th
at
th
e
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
y
ca
n
in
s
tall
in
p
lace
s
with
h
ig
h
r
esid
en
tial
h
o
m
e
in
ten
s
ity
wh
ich
h
elp
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
lo
ad
s
in
h
o
m
es
an
d
th
u
s
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
ea
k
lig
h
tin
g
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
n
i
g
h
t.
Fro
m
th
e
d
etailed
liter
atu
r
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
id
en
tif
ied
A
r
e
a
G
a
p
s
I
mp
a
c
t
s
S
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
h
o
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
sy
st
e
ms
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
H
EM
S
s
y
s
t
e
ms
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
n
o
t
sca
l
a
b
l
e
t
o
h
a
n
d
l
e
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
e
t
y
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
l
o
a
d
s
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
(
EV
s)
,
sm
a
r
t
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s,
a
n
d
h
o
me
a
u
t
o
ma
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
ms.
Th
i
s
l
a
c
k
o
f
s
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
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t
y
c
a
n
l
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a
d
t
o
i
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
w
i
t
h
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
so
u
r
c
e
s
b
e
i
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
u
t
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l
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z
e
d
o
r
o
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r
b
u
r
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d
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l
e
a
d
i
n
g
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o
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r
i
d
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n
st
a
b
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l
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y
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n
d
h
i
g
h
e
r
c
o
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t
s
f
o
r
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o
m
e
o
w
n
e
r
s
.
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
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n
e
w
a
b
l
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e
r
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y
w
i
t
h
H
E
M
S
M
a
n
y
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
H
E
M
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l
a
c
k
e
f
f
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t
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v
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n
t
e
g
r
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t
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o
n
w
i
t
h
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e
w
a
b
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e
n
e
r
g
y
so
u
r
c
e
s
l
i
k
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
s
a
n
d
sma
l
l
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
st
e
ms
ma
y
n
o
t
b
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
f
o
r
t
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a
r
i
a
b
i
l
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t
y
i
n
r
e
n
e
w
a
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e
r
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g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
P
o
o
r
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
w
a
st
a
g
e
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
r
e
l
i
a
n
c
e
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
e
a
k
l
o
a
d
s,
a
n
d
s
u
b
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
u
se
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
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e
n
e
r
g
y
,
t
h
u
s
r
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d
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c
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n
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p
o
t
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n
t
i
a
l
sa
v
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n
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s
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n
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e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s.
Lo
a
d
f
o
r
e
c
a
st
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
mec
h
a
n
i
sms
Th
e
r
e
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s
a
si
g
n
i
f
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c
a
n
t
g
a
p
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n
a
c
c
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r
a
t
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y
f
o
r
e
c
a
st
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n
g
h
o
u
se
h
o
l
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
w
i
t
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t
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e
d
y
n
a
mi
c
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
n
e
w
l
o
a
d
s.
Ex
i
st
i
n
g
d
e
ma
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
mec
h
a
n
i
sms
ma
y
n
o
t
b
e
a
d
a
p
t
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v
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n
o
u
g
h
t
o
r
e
a
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
se
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.
I
n
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
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o
a
d
f
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c
a
s
t
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c
a
n
l
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d
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o
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s
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o
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d
e
r
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o
f
r
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n
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w
a
b
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n
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g
y
,
c
a
u
si
n
g
s
t
r
e
ss
o
n
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
st
o
r
a
g
e
sy
s
t
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ms
a
n
d
p
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t
i
a
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a
d
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i
a
n
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n
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o
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-
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
b
a
c
k
u
p
p
o
w
e
r
so
u
r
c
e
s.
En
e
r
g
y
st
o
r
a
g
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
Th
e
mi
sm
a
t
c
h
b
e
t
w
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r
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w
a
b
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r
a
t
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o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
t
i
mes
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
a
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
e
f
f
i
c
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e
n
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
st
o
r
a
g
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
c
u
r
r
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n
t
s
t
o
r
a
g
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t
e
c
h
n
o
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i
e
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
t
o
h
a
n
d
l
e
t
h
e
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n
c
r
e
a
si
n
g
l
o
a
d
s
o
r
t
o
st
o
r
e
su
r
p
l
u
s r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
.
I
n
su
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
st
o
r
a
g
e
c
a
p
a
c
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t
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c
a
n
l
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a
d
t
o
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n
e
r
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y
l
o
ss
a
n
d
r
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d
u
c
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d
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f
f
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c
t
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v
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s
o
f
r
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w
a
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g
y
s
y
st
e
ms,
f
o
r
c
i
n
g
h
o
mes
t
o
r
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v
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r
t
t
o
g
r
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d
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l
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t
r
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c
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t
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d
u
r
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n
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h
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g
h
-
d
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ma
n
d
p
e
r
i
o
d
s.
G
r
i
d
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
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o
n
a
n
d
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
A
s h
o
m
e
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
si
n
g
l
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
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n
d
s
t
o
r
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t
h
e
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r
o
w
n
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n
e
r
g
y
,
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
w
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t
h
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
b
e
c
o
mes
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
g
r
i
d
i
n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
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r
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a
r
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o
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a
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y
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g
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t
o
h
a
n
d
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b
i
d
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r
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c
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
l
o
w
o
f
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n
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
h
o
m
e
s.
Th
i
s
c
a
n
c
a
u
se
g
r
i
d
i
n
st
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
p
a
r
t
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c
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l
a
r
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w
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n
l
a
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m
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n
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r
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CASE
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I
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2
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g
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
m
o
n
t
h
ly
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
atter
n
in
a
h
o
m
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
r
ee
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
m
o
n
th
s
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
2
1
a
n
d
2
0
2
2
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
b
illi
n
g
cy
cle
was b
i
-
m
o
n
th
ly
b
ef
o
r
e
P
V
p
an
el
in
s
tallatio
n
an
d
h
en
ce
th
e
m
o
n
th
ly
u
n
it c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
tak
en
as h
alf
o
f
bi
-
m
o
n
th
l
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
3
,
it
is
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
th
a
t
th
e
av
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
af
ter
th
e
in
s
talla
tio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
t
h
e
h
o
m
e.
Sin
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
u
til
ity
co
m
p
an
y
o
f
th
e
s
tate
o
f
Ker
ala,
I
n
d
ia
is
s
till
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
in
c
lin
in
g
b
lo
ck
r
ate
(
I
B
R
)
tar
if
f
f
o
r
b
illi
n
g
th
e
lo
w
ten
s
io
n
(
L
T
)
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
(
1
0
)
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
ad
s
in
s
talled
af
ter
s
o
lar
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
in
h
o
m
es
cr
ea
te
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
o
n
p
o
wer
u
t
ilit
y
co
m
p
an
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
lo
w
s
o
la
r
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
e
r
io
d
s
in
clu
d
in
g
n
ig
h
t tim
e.
T
ab
le
4
d
ep
icts
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
lied
an
d
tak
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
b
y
th
e
h
o
m
e
with
a
5
KW
on
-
g
r
id
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
in
s
talled
o
n
th
e
r
o
o
f
t
o
p
.
I
t
is
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
h
elp
s
in
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
en
er
g
y
to
th
e
g
r
id
,
b
u
t a
t th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
h
as
a
ten
d
en
cy
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
a
d
s
in
th
eir
h
o
m
e
d
u
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
b
ills
.
T
h
is
in
d
ir
ec
tly
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
th
e
p
o
wer
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
y
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
s
a
n
d
th
u
s
,
t
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
wi
ll
n
o
t
b
e
m
et
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
o
r
l
o
ad
lev
elin
g
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
lo
ad
s
in
Ke
r
ala,
I
n
d
ia.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
s
t c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
a
n
I
n
d
ia
n
PV
p
an
el
(
Pan
el
1
)
with
a
f
o
r
eig
n
b
r
an
d
(
Pan
el
2
)
P
a
n
e
l
b
r
a
n
d
P
r
i
c
e
p
e
r
c
e
l
l
(
$
)
Ta
x
p
e
r
c
e
l
l
C
e
l
l
p
r
i
c
e
(
$
)
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
c
e
l
l
s
p
e
r
p
a
n
e
l
To
t
a
l
p
r
i
c
e
p
e
r
p
a
n
e
l
(
$
)
P
a
n
e
l
1
.
4
7
5
1
2
%
.
5
3
2
1
4
4
7
6
.
6
0
8
P
a
n
e
l
2
.
5
5
1
2
%
.
6
1
6
1
4
4
8
8
.
7
0
4
T
ab
le
3
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
tr
en
d
in
a
h
o
m
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
PV p
an
el
in
s
tallatio
n
M
o
n
t
h
M
o
n
t
h
l
y
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
(
K
W
h
)
B
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
a
r
:
2
0
2
1
A
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
a
r
:
2
0
2
2
Ju
l
y
2
4
4
.
5
2
6
1
.
5
3
A
u
g
u
st
2
4
4
.
5
2
3
6
.
7
2
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
2
2
7
.
5
3
0
4
.
8
7
T
ab
le
4
.
L
o
ad
o
n
u
tili
ty
b
y
h
o
m
e
with
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
icin
g
s
ch
em
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
d
itio
n
al
ele
ctr
ic
lo
ad
ad
d
itio
n
M
o
n
t
h
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
(
K
W
h
)
Ex
p
o
r
t
t
o
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
f
r
o
m re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
(
K
W
h
)
I
mp
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
U
t
i
l
i
t
y
(
K
W
h
)
I
mp
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s (
K
W
h
)
Ju
l
y
3
6
6
.
5
3
2
6
7
1
6
2
9
9
.
5
3
A
u
g
u
st
4
2
9
.
7
2
3
6
4
1
7
1
6
5
.
7
2
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
5
4
3
.
8
7
4
0
7
1
6
8
1
3
6
.
8
7
3.
H
E
M
S
M
O
D
E
L
F
O
R
O
UT
DO
O
R
L
I
G
H
T
I
NG
3
.
1
.
T
he
curr
ent
t
re
n
d
i
n
m
et
ho
ds
a
do
pte
d
f
o
r
O
utdo
o
r
li
g
hting
in
re
s
identia
l
co
n
s
um
er
co
m
po
un
ds
a
n
d
s
t
re
et
lig
hting
Ker
ala,
I
n
d
ia
is
a
lan
d
with
h
ig
h
p
o
p
u
latio
n
d
en
s
ity
,
m
o
s
t
h
o
m
es
ar
e
clo
s
ely
l
o
ca
ted
i
n
s
u
b
-
u
r
b
a
n
ar
ea
s
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
o
ad
s
an
d
h
o
u
s
in
g
co
lo
n
ies
d
ep
en
d
o
n
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
tin
g
an
d
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
lig
h
ti
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
ig
h
t.
No
wad
ay
s
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
u
lb
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
tin
g
ar
e
b
ein
g
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
L
E
D
lig
h
t
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
ti
n
g
u
n
its
,
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
els
th
at
u
s
e
m
u
ltip
le
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
tin
g
a
n
d
h
o
m
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
ti
n
g
,
wh
i
ch
ar
e
lis
ted
b
elo
w.
Mo
s
t o
f
th
e
s
tr
ee
t lig
h
tin
g
m
o
d
els p
r
esen
ted
h
er
e
f
in
d
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
in
h
o
m
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
.
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
a
n
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
u
s
i
n
g
Z
i
g
B
e
e
w
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
te
d
t
o
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
t
r
e
e
t
l
i
g
h
ts
i
n
[
1
6
]
.
A
s
m
a
r
t
s
t
r
e
e
t
l
i
g
h
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
a
t
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
a
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
[
1
7
]
h
e
l
p
e
d
t
o
s
a
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
O
N
an
d
O
F
F
t
i
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
.
A
ls
o
,
a
n
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
m
a
r
t
s
t
r
e
e
t l
i
g
h
t
w
it
h
a
m
o
t
i
o
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
is
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
[
1
8
]
w
h
i
c
h
s
a
v
e
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
y
a
r
o
u
n
d
7
0
%
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
a
h
i
g
h
-
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
s
o
d
i
u
m
l
a
m
p
.
A
l
i
t
h
i
u
m
-
i
o
n
b
a
tt
e
r
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
t
r
e
e
t
l
i
g
h
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
at
h
a
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
o
v
e
r
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
e
e
p
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
w
a
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
i
n
[
2
0
]
,
a
s
m
a
r
t
s
o
l
a
r
-
p
o
w
e
r
e
d
s
t
r
e
e
t
li
g
h
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
w
h
i
c
h
h
as
a
n
ti
-
t
h
e
f
t
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
e
m
p
l
o
y
s
a
n
i
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
(
I
R
)
s
e
n
s
o
r
a
n
d
l
i
g
h
t
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
r
e
s
is
t
o
r
(
L
D
R
)
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
li
t
y
.
A
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
a
n
b
e
s
a
v
e
d
b
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
[
2
1
]
d
u
r
i
n
g
n
i
g
h
t
t
i
m
e
w
h
i
c
h
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
t
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
c
o
s
t
,
i
t
a
l
s
o
h
e
l
p
s
t
o
l
e
v
e
l
t
h
e
lo
a
d
c
u
r
v
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
e
a
k
h
o
u
r
s
.
A
ls
o
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
p
h
o
t
o
l
u
m
i
n
e
s
c
e
n
t
m
at
e
r
i
al
f
o
r
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
w
i
l
l
h
el
p
i
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ed
u
c
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t
h
e
c
a
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
t
p
r
i
n
t
[
2
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
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SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
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s
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g
e
fo
r
h
o
me
en
erg
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n
a
g
eme
n
t a
n
d
i
ts
a
d
ve
r
s
e
imp
a
ct
d
u
e
…
(
Th
o
ma
s
Geo
r
g
e
)
463
3
.
2
.
Desig
n o
f
a
n e
co
no
m
ic
a
l po
rt
a
ble so
la
r
lig
ht
t
o
wer
f
o
r
o
utdo
o
r
lig
hting
in re
s
identia
l ho
m
es
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
o
u
td
o
o
r
u
n
its
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
m
a
r
k
et
r
u
n
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
an
d
its
u
s
ag
e
lead
s
to
co
n
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id
er
ab
le
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o
llu
tio
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d
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e
co
s
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Als
o
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h
o
m
es
with
in
s
talled
on
-
g
r
id
p
o
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p
lan
ts
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d
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ea
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e
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
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ad
s
s
in
ce
th
e
b
illi
n
g
s
ch
em
e
in
th
e
s
tate
o
f
Ker
ala,
I
n
d
ia
f
o
llo
ws
an
I
n
clin
in
g
b
l
o
ck
r
ate
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
L
T
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
[
2
3
]
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
tak
e
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
tim
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o
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u
s
e
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r
icin
g
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ch
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d
t
h
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s
in
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ir
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tly
b
u
r
d
en
th
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wer
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
a
n
y
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
lo
ad
s
[
2
4
]
.
On
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
p
ea
k
l
o
ad
s
h
av
i
n
g
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
o
f
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
a
lo
w
-
c
o
s
t
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
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wer
ed
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
t
to
wer
is
d
esig
n
ed
wh
ich
h
elp
s
in
th
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
o
f
a
r
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en
tial
h
o
m
e
with
an
on
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g
r
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d
s
o
lar
p
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wer
p
l
an
t
an
d
also
a
h
o
u
s
in
g
c
o
lo
n
y
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
lay
o
u
t o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
an
d
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
tak
en
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
lig
h
t t
o
wer
ar
e
d
etailed
b
elo
w
:
−
T
o
tal
lo
ad
=
2
0
0
watt
(
4
I
P6
5
L
E
D
lig
h
t,
ea
ch
5
0
watts)
−
E
x
p
ec
ted
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
wo
r
k
in
g
=
8
h
o
u
r
s
−
E
n
er
g
y
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
f
o
r
8
-
h
o
u
r
wo
r
k
in
g
=
2
0
0
×
8
=
1
6
0
0
watt
-
h
o
u
r
−
I
n
v
er
ter
e
f
f
icien
cy
=
9
5
%
−
Hen
ce
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
=
[
1600
÷
.
95
]
=
1
6
8
4
watt
-
h
o
u
r
−
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
1
2
V
b
atter
y
,
th
e
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
wil
l b
e
[
1684
÷
12
]
=
1
4
0
Ah
.
−
Hen
ce
,
a
1
2
V,
1
5
0
Ah
lead
-
a
cid
b
atter
y
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s
elec
ted
.
L
et
th
e
b
atter
y
ef
f
icien
cy
b
e
8
5
%
,
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
r
eq
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ir
ed
to
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h
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g
e
th
e
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atter
y
will
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e
[
1684
÷
.
85
]
=
1
9
8
1
watt
-
h
o
u
r
.
R
estrictin
g
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
t
r
o
ller
ef
f
icien
cy
to
9
0
%,
th
e
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
id
e
will
b
e
[
1981
÷
.
90
]
=
2
2
0
1
watt
-
h
o
u
r
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
s
u
n
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
8
.
5
h
o
u
r
s
in
a
d
ay
an
d
with
a
s
o
lar
p
an
el
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
8
0
%,
3
3
0
watts (
2
p
an
els with
1
6
5
watts ea
ch
)
is
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
u
n
it
o
f
th
is
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
two
s
q
u
ar
e
p
ip
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(
g
alv
a
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ized
ir
o
n
)
.
A
ch
ain
is
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ip
e
,
an
d
t
h
e
g
ea
r
an
d
s
p
r
o
ck
et
s
etu
p
is
weld
ed
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ip
e.
W
ith
th
e
h
elp
o
f
a
lev
e
r
,
th
e
s
p
r
o
ck
et
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
ca
n
b
e
r
o
tated
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
m
o
v
es
th
e
ch
ain
a
n
d
th
u
s
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
lig
h
t
to
wer
ca
n
b
e
ad
ju
s
ted
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
elec
tr
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
we
r
ed
lig
h
t
to
wer
is
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
m
e
ch
an
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
e
d
lig
h
t to
we
r
is
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
6
.
T
h
e
p
o
le
h
eig
h
t
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
3
.
6
m
to
2
.
4
m
,
a
n
d
th
i
s
will
,
in
tu
r
n
,
h
elp
in
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
lig
h
t
to
wer
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
to
an
o
th
er
v
ia
r
o
ad
.
Alo
n
g
with
th
is
,
th
e
wh
ee
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
lev
er
,
an
d
b
r
ak
in
g
s
y
s
tem
h
elp
in
ea
s
y
co
n
tr
o
l
wh
ile
p
u
llin
g
th
is
lig
h
t
to
wer
in
s
id
e
a
r
esid
en
tial
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
r
ta
b
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
lig
h
t to
wer
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
e
d
lig
h
t to
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Desig
n
lay
o
u
t o
f
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
li
g
h
t to
wer
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Sp
r
o
ck
et
ass
em
b
ly
o
f
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
lig
h
t t
o
wer
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Po
r
ta
b
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
lig
h
t to
wer
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
4
59
-
4
66
464
T
ab
le
7
d
ep
icts
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
to
t
al
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
t
b
etwe
en
an
o
r
d
in
ar
y
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
a
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
li
g
h
t
to
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
co
s
t
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
an
d
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
th
is
k
in
d
o
f
s
y
s
tem
h
el
p
s
to
lev
el
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
v
e
an
d
th
u
s
in
tu
r
n
h
elp
s
th
e
u
ti
lity
c
o
m
p
an
y
to
r
e
d
u
ce
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
k
in
d
o
f
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
i
n
p
lace
s
wh
er
e
th
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
ar
ea
is
m
o
r
e
li
k
e
a
r
esid
e
n
tial
co
lo
n
y
o
r
h
o
u
s
es
in
Ker
ala,
I
n
d
ia
with
lar
g
e
co
u
r
ty
ar
d
s
wh
er
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
s
m
all
s
o
lar
lig
h
tin
g
lo
ad
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
d
u
e
t
o
s
h
ad
o
win
g
is
s
u
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
b
ig
tr
ee
s
.
I
n
T
ab
le
7
,
c
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
b
atter
y
r
ep
l
ac
em
en
t
co
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
lig
h
t
to
wer
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
u
s
ag
e
co
s
t
o
f
b
o
th
ty
p
es
f
alls
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
am
e
f
ig
u
r
e,
s
till
p
ea
k
lo
ad
s
h
av
in
g
ac
h
iev
ed
d
u
e
to
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
lig
h
t
to
wer
h
el
p
s
th
e
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
an
y
to
lev
e
l
o
f
d
e
m
an
d
f
ac
to
r
an
d
th
er
eb
y
ac
h
iev
in
g
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
ab
le
8
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
ac
t
s
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
ag
e
f
o
r
h
o
m
e
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
th
e
ad
v
e
r
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
e
n
d
o
f
elec
tr
ic
lo
ad
a
d
d
itio
n
.
T
ab
le
5
.
E
lectr
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
ta
b
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
lig
h
t to
wer
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
ea
k
lo
ad
s
h
av
in
g
S
.
No
.
I
t
e
m
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
1
LED
l
i
g
h
t
5
0
W
4
2
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
5
0
0
W
,
2
2
0
V
A
C
,
5
0
H
z
,
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e
1
3
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
1
5
0
A
h
,
1
2
V
,
l
e
a
d
-
a
c
i
d
1
4
C
h
a
r
g
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
12
V
,
2
0
A
1
5
S
o
l
a
r
P
V
mo
d
u
l
e
1
6
5
w
p
2
T
ab
le
6
.
Me
ch
a
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
r
tab
le
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
li
g
h
t to
wer
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
ea
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s
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o
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S
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n
d
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a
n
h
o
mes
f
a
c
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s
se
v
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r
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h
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g
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s,
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d
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w
a
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e
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l
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d
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n
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t
h
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d
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)
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t
h
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a
c
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w
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sp
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m
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e
d
sm
a
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t
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d
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n
f
r
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c
t
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e
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c
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f
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y
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w
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w
a
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s.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
t
is
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
l
y
clea
r
th
at
h
a
r
v
esti
n
g
an
d
u
s
in
g
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
th
e
h
o
m
e
h
elp
s
to
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ed
u
ce
th
e
u
s
ag
e
co
s
t
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
h
el
p
s
t
h
e
u
tili
ty
co
m
p
a
n
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
its
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
d
u
r
in
g
lo
a
d
lev
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g
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
u
tili
zin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
with
a
co
n
v
en
tio
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8
7
9
2
R
en
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imp
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(
Th
o
ma
s
Geo
r
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)
465
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will
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p
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td
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with
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ig
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m
e
d
en
s
ity
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elp
s
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tili
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m
p
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l
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em
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h
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b
y
tr
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p
lan
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s
ca
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tili
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am
e.
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tu
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h
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esig
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ad
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ar
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ad
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n
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h
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tem
s
s
h
o
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ld
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tly
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a
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ated
f
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er
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itio
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f
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em
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d
.
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NO
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DG
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M
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NT
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e
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ld
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p
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h
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F
UNDING
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M
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Au
th
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s
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ip
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Aut
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M
So
Va
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D
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Vi
Su
P
Fu
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h
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m
as Ge
o
r
g
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✓
✓
✓
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A.
I
m
m
an
u
el
Selv
ak
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m
ar
✓
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✓
C
:
C
o
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c
e
p
t
u
a
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z
a
t
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M
:
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d
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:
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f
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Va
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:
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t
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th
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tate
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lict o
f
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t
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est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
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T
Y
T
h
e
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ata
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at
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[
T
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],
u
p
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ea
s
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n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
G
.
E.
H
a
l
k
o
s
a
n
d
E.
C
.
G
k
a
mp
o
u
r
a
,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
i
n
g
u
sa
g
e
,
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
s,
a
n
d
l
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
,
”
En
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
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e
n
1
3
1
1
2
9
0
6
.
[
2
]
A
.
D
a
r
sh
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
u
d
i
t
o
f
a
r
e
si
d
e
n
t
i
a
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b
u
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l
d
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g
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d
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g
y
c
o
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t
a
n
d
c
a
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p
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t
f
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s
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st
a
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a
b
l
e
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o
p
me
n
t
w
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t
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n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
C
i
v
i
l
E
n
g
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n
e
e
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g
,
v
o
l
.
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0
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2
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o
i
:
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0
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1
1
5
5
/
2
0
2
2
/
4
4
0
0
8
7
4
.
[
3
]
J.
A
.
S
a
n
g
u
e
sa
,
V
.
T
o
r
r
e
s
-
S
a
n
z
,
P
.
G
a
r
r
i
d
o
,
F
.
J.
M
a
r
t
i
n
e
z
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
M
a
r
q
u
e
z
-
B
a
r
j
a
,
“
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s:
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,”
S
m
a
rt
C
i
t
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
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o
.
1
,
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p
.
3
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sm
a
r
t
c
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s
4
0
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0
0
2
2
.
[
4
]
F
.
A
.
B
h
a
t
,
M
.
V
e
r
ma
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
e
r
m
a
,
“
W
h
o
w
i
l
l
b
u
y
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
?
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e
g
men
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
y
o
u
n
g
I
n
d
i
a
n
b
u
y
e
r
s
u
si
n
g
c
l
u
st
e
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,”
C
a
s
e
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
o
n
T
r
a
n
sp
o
r
t
P
o
l
i
c
y
,
v
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l
.
1
5
,
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0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
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0
.
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0
1
6
/
j
.
c
st
p
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
1
1
4
7
.
[
5
]
G
.
D
i
L
o
r
e
n
z
o
a
n
d
K
.
Y
a
d
i
y
a
l
,
“
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
p
o
w
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r
s
y
st
e
m
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
I
n
d
i
a
:
I
n
si
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
a
mo
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
si
mu
l
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t
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o
n
p
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p
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t
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v
e
,
”
En
e
r
g
y
N
e
x
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s
,
v
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l
.
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3
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4
,
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o
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:
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.
n
e
x
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s.
2
0
2
3
.
1
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0
2
6
1
.
[
6
]
A
.
M
.
H
u
sa
i
n
,
M
.
M
.
H
a
s
a
n
,
Z.
A
.
K
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
sj
a
d
,
“
A
r
o
b
u
st
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
ma
k
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n
g
a
p
p
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a
c
h
f
o
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t
h
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c
t
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o
f
a
n
o
p
t
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m
a
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n
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w
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n
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y
s
o
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c
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i
n
I
n
d
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a
,
”
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
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o
n
a
n
d
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n
a
g
e
m
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n
t
,
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.
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ma
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8
9
.
[
7
]
S
.
T
h
a
p
a
r
,
“
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
I
n
d
i
a
—
p
o
l
i
c
y
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
”
I
n
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
:
P
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
,
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
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n
d
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
–
42
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
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1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
99
-
9
3
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4
-
0
_
2
.
[
8
]
B
.
M
o
t
a
,
P
.
F
a
r
i
a
,
a
n
d
Z.
V
a
l
e
,
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
st
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
l
o
a
d
s
h
i
f
t
i
n
g
i
n
a
p
h
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t
o
v
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l
t
a
i
c
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
s
h
a
r
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n
g
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
,
”
Re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
1
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
1
9
8
1
2
.
[
9
]
S
.
D
o
r
a
h
a
k
i
,
M
.
M
o
l
l
a
h
a
ss
a
n
i
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RAP
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S O
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AUTH
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RS
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m
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s
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iv
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ra
la,
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M
.
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in
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p
p
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tro
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fro
m
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n
a
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v
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h
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n
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a
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d
ia.
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is
a
Ch
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rtere
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g
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r
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d
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a
n
d
is
a
m
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m
b
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r
o
f
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stit
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t
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f
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g
in
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rs
(I
n
d
ia).
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is
c
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rre
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ly
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rsu
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g
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is
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.
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in
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ru
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s
o
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tere
st
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re
sm
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rt
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m
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rin
g
.
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c
a
n
b
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c
o
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tac
ted
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t
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m
a
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:
k
t
g
h
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m
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c
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m
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m
a
n
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k
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d
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g
re
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in
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tri
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l
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tro
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m
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ra
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.
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n
P
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we
r
S
y
st
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m
s
fro
m
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a
d
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ra
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m
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ra
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iv
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rsity
,
a
n
d
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h
.
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d
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re
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in
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tri
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l
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o
m
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n
a
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rsity
,
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h
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n
n
a
i,
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d
ia.
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is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
r
k
in
g
a
s
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r
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r
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d
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th
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p
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rtme
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t
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tri
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ru
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y
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n
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s,
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imb
a
to
re
,
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d
ia.
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is wo
rk
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
field
o
f
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
,
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s,
d
a
ta
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s
,
a
n
d
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
in
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ise
lv
a
k
u
m
a
r@y
a
h
o
o
.
c
o
.
in
.
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