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lik
e
Ak
ag
i'
s
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
p
o
wer
(
PQ)
th
eo
r
y
m
ak
e
th
e
e
x
tr
a
ctio
n
o
f
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
ea
s
ier
[
1
0
]
.
As
an
alter
n
ativ
e,
r
ef
er
en
ce
-
f
r
am
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
ar
e
av
o
i
d
ed
wh
en
an
aly
zi
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
ei
r
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
o
r
m
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
s
e
r
v
ativ
e
p
o
we
r
th
eo
r
y
(
C
PT)
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase,
f
o
u
r
-
wir
e
s
y
s
tem
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
with
t
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
a
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
em
p
lo
y
s
C
PT
to
g
e
n
er
ate
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
f
o
r
tar
g
eted
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
h
a
n
d
lin
g
b
o
th
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
an
d
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
lo
ad
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
ala
n
ce
d
an
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
t
also
co
v
er
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
o
u
r
-
leg
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
o
r
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
th
r
ee
-
le
g
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
with
"sp
lit
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
"
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
s
to
b
u
ild
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase,
f
o
u
r
-
wir
e
in
v
er
te
r
s
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
Fo
u
r
-
leg
co
n
v
er
ter
s
u
s
e
an
ex
tr
a
s
witch
leg
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
ed
co
n
tr
o
llab
ilit
y
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
r
ee
-
leg
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
lin
k
th
e
AC
n
eu
tr
al
wir
e
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
to
th
e
DC
b
u
s
'
s
m
id
d
le
[
1
7
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
C
PT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
aid
s
in
id
en
tif
y
in
g
an
d
q
u
an
tif
y
in
g
r
esis
ti
v
e,
r
ea
ctiv
e
,
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
,
a
n
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
a
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
in
a
f
o
u
r
-
wir
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
b
u
ild
s
o
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
te
d
at
th
e
2
0
1
5
I
A
S a
n
n
u
al
m
ee
tin
g
[
2
0
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
G
ea
rless
wind
t
urbi
ne
wit
h P
M
SG
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ject,
a
d
y
n
a
m
o
m
o
t
o
r
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
k
ey
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
s
y
s
tem
,
co
n
v
e
r
tin
g
win
d
en
er
g
y
in
to
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
tr
ateg
ically
p
lace
d
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
m
ax
im
u
m
win
d
f
lo
w
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
As
t
h
e
win
d
tu
r
n
s
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
o
m
o
to
r
,
it
g
en
er
ates
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
elec
tr
icity
.
T
h
is
AC
p
o
wer
is
th
e
n
r
o
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
cir
cu
it
,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
it
in
to
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
b
atter
y
s
to
r
a
g
e.
T
h
e
s
to
r
ed
DC
p
o
wer
in
th
e
b
atter
y
ac
ts
as
a
r
eliab
le
en
er
g
y
r
eser
v
o
ir
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
o
wer
av
ailab
ilit
y
e
v
en
d
u
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
lo
w
win
d
.
W
h
en
elec
tr
icity
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
th
e
DC
p
o
wer
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
ac
k
in
to
AC
u
s
in
g
an
in
v
er
ter
m
o
d
u
le,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
a
p
p
lian
ce
s
an
d
d
e
v
ic
es
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
en
h
an
ce
d
b
y
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
allo
win
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
d
at
a
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ati
o
n
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e,
en
a
b
lin
g
o
p
t
im
izatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
m
ax
im
u
m
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
lo
n
g
ev
ity
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
y
n
am
o
m
o
to
r
-
b
a
s
ed
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
es,
DC
-
to
-
AC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
an
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
th
is
p
r
o
ject
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
h
ar
n
ess
in
g
win
d
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
we
r
g
en
e
r
atio
n
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
a
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
p
o
wer
co
n
v
e
r
ter
an
d
a
v
ar
iab
l
e
-
s
p
ee
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
g
ea
r
les
s
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e'
s
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
in
g
a
p
er
m
a
n
en
t m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
(
PMSG)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Var
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
with
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
2
.
2
.
P
o
wer
co
ntr
o
l in w
ind
t
urbin
e
s
y
s
t
em
s
:
a
ct
iv
e
a
nd
re
a
ct
iv
e
Do
u
b
ly
-
f
e
d
in
d
u
ctio
n
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
(
DFI
G)
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
at
a
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
,
it
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
its
ab
ilit
y
to
r
eg
u
late
b
o
th
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
wh
ich
lo
wer
s
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
n
d
m
i
n
im
izes
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
f
ix
ed
-
s
p
ee
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
e
n
er
a
to
r
s
.
T
h
ese
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
d
ev
ices
p
r
o
d
u
ce
g
r
ea
ter
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
an
d
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
at
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
win
d
en
er
g
y
.
Var
iab
le
-
s
p
ee
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
ca
n
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e'
s
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
,
th
er
e
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
tr
ess
o
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
b
lad
es
an
d
to
wer
s
.
T
h
is
r
es
u
lts
in
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
o
wer
ef
f
ici
en
cy
,
e
x
ten
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
life
s
p
a
n
,
an
d
b
etter
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
m
a
k
in
g
th
em
a
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
tio
n
d
esp
ite
th
eir
h
i
g
h
er
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
in
to
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
en
h
an
ce
s
th
eir
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
E
m
p
h
asis
is
p
lace
d
o
n
p
o
wer
s
ch
em
es
th
at
en
ab
le
co
m
p
lete
co
n
tr
o
l
u
s
in
g
eith
er
p
a
r
tial
-
s
ca
le
o
r
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
u
n
d
er
all
o
p
e
r
atin
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
2
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
4
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
a
co
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
co
n
v
er
ter
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
392
-
40
0
394
b
ased
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
,
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
.
M
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
f
ac
ilit
ates th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
e
v
ices,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
in
tellig
en
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
t
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
s
u
s
tain
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
.
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
is
h
an
d
led
b
y
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
wh
er
ea
s
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
is
m
an
a
g
ed
b
y
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
[
2
9
]
.
A
DC
ch
o
p
p
e
r
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
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is
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ip
ate
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r
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lu
s
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r
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e
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wer
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r
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ctio
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b
r
u
p
t
v
o
ltag
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ip
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e
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r
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r
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r
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r
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[
3
0
]
-
[
3
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.
Fiv
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ated
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s
ed
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Fig
u
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e
6
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ates.
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e
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e
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r
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o
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r
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g
P
MSG
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u
r
e
3
.
R
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I
n
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P
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u
a
lity e
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g
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n
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4
.
Activ
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Fig
u
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5
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d
v
o
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e
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r
o
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th
e
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o
d
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le
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Ob
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d
cu
r
r
en
t f
r
o
m
th
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o
d
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le
T
h
e
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ain
is
s
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e
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en
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y
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ter
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itten
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o
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ter
s
r
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late
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tiv
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e
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o
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r
eq
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cy
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d
g
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o
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r
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n
g
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ty
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io
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o
l
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o
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ith
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s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
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ed
f
o
r
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d
tu
r
b
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e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
b
o
th
f
r
ee
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d
in
g
an
d
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u
p
le
d
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Gr
id
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s
id
e
co
n
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o
ller
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tr
an
s
f
er
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tiv
e
an
d
r
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e
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th
e
g
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l
ec
tr
ical
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o
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y
s
tem
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u
s
e
m
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y
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o
wer
th
eo
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aly
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r
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en
t
a
n
d
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o
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m
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o
n
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
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g
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e
i
n
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
p
o
wer
(
PQ)
th
e
o
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y
f
o
r
th
r
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p
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ase
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y
s
tem
s
.
T
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2
s
h
o
ws
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d
r
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o
wer
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ea
d
in
g
s
.
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r
o
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er
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ce
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r
e
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s
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r
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tr
o
llin
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o
th
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tiv
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b
esid
es r
ea
ctiv
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p
o
wer
in
a
g
ea
r
less
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
u
s
in
g
PMSG a
r
e
as f
o
llo
ws:
-
C
o
n
n
ec
t th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t o
f
th
e
d
y
n
am
o
m
o
to
r
to
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
v
id
e
r
cir
cu
it.
-
Use th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
e
r
cir
cu
it
to
co
n
v
er
t th
e
g
e
n
er
ated
AC
p
o
wer
in
to
DC
p
o
wer
.
-
Dir
ec
t th
e
DC
p
o
wer
to
a
b
atte
r
y
f
o
r
s
to
r
ag
e.
-
E
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
b
atter
y
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
an
d
p
r
o
p
er
ly
c
h
ar
g
ed
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
g
en
er
ate
d
DC
p
o
wer
.
-
C
o
n
n
ec
t a
n
in
v
e
r
ter
m
o
d
u
le
to
th
e
b
atter
y
to
co
n
v
er
t th
e
s
to
r
ed
DC
p
o
wer
b
ac
k
in
to
AC
.
-
E
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
v
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ter
m
o
d
u
le
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
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id
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g
th
e
r
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i
r
ed
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o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
e
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u
en
c
y
.
-
C
o
n
n
ec
t
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
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n
v
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ter
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o
d
u
le
to
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o
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s
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l
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p
lian
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o
r
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m
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n
.
-
Utilize
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
els.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
5
:
392
-
40
0
396
-
I
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ter
f
ac
e
Ar
d
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in
o
with
th
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n
d
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r
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y
s
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ee
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d
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atter
y
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m
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Ar
d
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g
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m
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g
to
d
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l
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at
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d
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ee
d
b
ac
k
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n
e
n
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e.
-
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
m
o
n
ito
r
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
e
s
tatu
s
,
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
u
s
in
g
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
-
An
aly
ze
d
ata
to
o
p
tim
ize
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
le
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
-
Ad
ju
s
t sy
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
as n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ax
im
ize
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
a
n
d
s
to
r
a
g
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
h
as
a
p
ea
k
v
a
lu
e
o
f
2
9
0
0
v
o
lts
in
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
alu
e
o
f
1
6
5
0
v
o
l
ts
in
0
.
0
1
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
an
d
is
2
5
0
0
v
o
lts
in
0
.
0
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
A
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
DC
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
o
n
win
d
s
p
ee
d
.
W
in
d
v
elo
city
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
4
.
0
to
5
.
0
m
/s
is
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
to
r
o
tate
th
e
b
lad
e
o
r
t
u
r
b
in
e.
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
b
lad
es
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
k
in
etic
en
er
g
y
in
to
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
itch
cu
r
v
e
o
f
th
e
b
lad
e
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
r
o
tates
th
e
s
h
af
t.
T
h
e
s
h
af
t
h
as
two
en
d
s
:
o
n
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
a
n
d
th
e
o
t
h
er
to
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
h
a
f
t.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
s
h
af
t
is
s
im
p
ly
an
ar
m
atu
r
e
s
h
af
t.
R
o
tatin
g
th
e
s
h
af
t c
au
s
es th
e
lin
k
ed
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
s
h
af
t to
r
ev
o
lv
e
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
elec
tr
icity
p
o
wer
.
2
.
3
.
M
a
t
hema
t
ica
l
a
na
ly
s
is
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
is
m
an
ag
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
m
ai
n
tain
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
g
r
id
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Q
-
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
in
p
u
t
p
ar
am
eter
,
wh
ich
s
ca
les
with
t
h
e
n
o
m
in
al
p
o
we
r
.
T
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
s
u
ch
as
5
m
/s
,
1
0
m
/s
,
an
d
1
5
m
/s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
Q
-
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
ar
ie
d
b
etwe
en
0
.
0
an
d
1
.
0
p
.
u
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
a
d
is
tin
ct
tr
en
d
:
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
we
r
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
to
1
1
.
1
1
M
v
ar
as
th
e
Q
-
r
ef
e
r
e
n
ce
clim
b
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
t
o
1
.
0
p
.
u
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
as
win
d
s
p
ee
d
in
cr
ea
s
es,
s
o
d
o
es
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
at
a
5
m
/s
win
d
s
p
ee
d
was 0
.
6
4
MW.
I
t in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
5
.
5
6
MW a
t
1
0
m
/s
an
d
1
0
MW a
t 1
5
m
/
s
f
o
r
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
.
A
to
tal
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es u
s
ed
= 5
Acc
ep
tab
le
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es g
e
n
er
ato
r
=
to
tal
r
atin
g
/0
.
9
E
ac
h
r
atin
g
=
2
MW
=
1
0
/9
=>
1
1
.
1
1
T
o
tal
r
atin
g
=
1
0
MW
=
1
1
.
1
1
MV
A
T
ab
le
2
.
R
ea
d
in
g
s
o
f
ac
tiv
e
as
well
as r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
q
-
r
e
f
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
(
M
W
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
d
esig
n
s
o
f
f
e
r
a
d
i
v
er
s
e
ar
r
ay
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
o
p
tio
n
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
s
e,
s
o
m
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
p
r
ef
er
g
ea
r
less
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
-
d
r
i
v
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
t
h
at
elim
in
ate
t
h
e
g
ea
r
b
o
x
.
T
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
p
ar
ts
,
ad
d
r
ess
es
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
g
e
ar
teeth
a
n
d
o
il
co
o
li
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
an
d
m
in
im
izes
p
o
ten
tial
f
ir
e
h
az
a
r
d
s
an
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
s
p
ill
r
is
k
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
in
win
d
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
y
n
am
o
m
o
to
r
-
b
ased
wi
n
d
tu
r
b
in
es
with
DC
-
to
-
AC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
an
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
B
y
o
p
tim
izin
g
tu
r
b
in
e
p
lace
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
ax
im
u
m
win
d
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
em
p
lo
y
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
tech
n
iq
u
es,
w
e
o
f
f
er
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
c
o
u
p
led
with
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
en
h
an
ce
s
b
o
th
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
lo
n
g
e
v
ity
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
n
o
t
o
n
ly
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
as
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
u
t
also
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
ad
v
an
cin
g
clea
n
en
er
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
ial
th
an
k
s
ar
e
d
u
e
to
m
y
g
u
id
e
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
f
o
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in
v
alu
ab
le
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
is
p
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On
g
o
in
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esear
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a
n
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d
ev
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p
m
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in
th
is
f
ield
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to
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p
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ess
to
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s
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n
er
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
f
u
tu
r
e.
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
4
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
an
d
ac
tiv
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p
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f
th
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m
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r
esp
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wh
ile
Fi
g
u
r
es 5
an
d
6
d
is
p
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th
e
m
o
d
u
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s
o
u
tp
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t v
o
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r
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I
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N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
o
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u
a
lity e
n
h
a
n
ce
men
t fo
r
a
g
r
id
co
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te
d
w
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d
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e
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y
s
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w
ith
P
MS
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(
K
a
s
u
la
R
a
ja
s
r
i
)
397
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
av
aila
b
le
f
o
r
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
d
esig
n
s
.
So
m
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
g
e
ar
less
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
-
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
h
av
in
g
f
ewe
r
m
o
v
in
g
p
ar
ts
an
d
r
eso
lv
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
t
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
lik
e
g
ea
r
wea
r
,
o
il
co
o
lin
g
is
s
u
es,
p
o
ten
tial
f
ir
e
d
an
g
er
s
,
an
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
p
ills
,
th
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d
ir
ec
t
-
d
r
iv
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
also
d
o
awa
y
with
th
e
g
ea
r
b
o
x
.
R
esear
ch
p
o
in
ts
to
th
e
g
r
ea
t
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
ea
r
less
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
.
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
v
alid
at
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
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m
o
d
el
o
f
a
g
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r
les
s
,
v
ar
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le
-
s
p
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d
win
d
t
u
r
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in
e
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y
s
tem
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s
in
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a
p
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n
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
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en
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ato
r
(
PMSG)
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
b
o
th
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tiv
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d
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ea
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p
o
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p
o
s
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le
o
v
er
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wid
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r
a
n
g
e
o
f
win
d
s
p
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s
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a
g
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tu
r
b
in
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s
y
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tem
.
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a
r
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lt,
th
e
g
ea
r
less
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d
tu
r
b
in
e
m
eth
o
d
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
f
e
asib
le,
o
f
f
er
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
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n
d
s
p
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d
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
s
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r
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o
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f
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n
d
i
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ag
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th
at
h
av
e
s
u
p
p
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te
d
th
e
wo
r
k
.
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,
a
u
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
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.
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R
CO
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B
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I
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M
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N
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h
is
jo
u
r
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s
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to
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a
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y
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C
R
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d
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al
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th
o
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tio
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,
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f
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.
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Aut
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f
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ter
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DATA AV
AI
L
AB
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I
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h
e
au
th
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wit
h
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t
h
e
a
r
ti
cle
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
I
.
Ta
k
a
h
a
s
h
i
a
n
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N
o
g
u
c
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,
“
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[
27
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tro
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ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
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ica
ti
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n
g
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e
rin
g
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E)
De
p
a
rtme
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t
a
t
K
o
n
e
ru
Lak
s
h
m
a
iah
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u
c
a
ti
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n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
Va
d
d
e
sw
a
ra
m
,
AP,
In
d
ia.
He
se
c
u
re
d
a
M
a
ste
r
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
y
ste
m
s
fro
m
El
e
c
tro
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ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
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ica
ti
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n
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n
g
i
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rin
g
(ECE
)
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
B.
S
.
Ab
d
u
r
Ra
h
m
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
He
se
c
u
re
d
P
h
.
D.,
i
n
T
h
e
rm
a
l
S
ig
n
a
l
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
M
a
c
h
in
e
Lea
rn
in
g
fr
o
m
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e
c
tro
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ics
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n
d
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m
m
u
n
ica
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n
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g
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g
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p
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rtme
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t
o
f
Bh
a
ra
th
Un
i
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e
rsit
y
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
In
d
ia.
He
is
i
n
th
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field
o
f
th
e
rm
a
l
ima
g
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p
r
o
c
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ss
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g
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n
d
m
a
c
h
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lea
rn
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g
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n
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h
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g
p
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th
a
n
1
2
y
e
a
rs.
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h
a
s
p
re
se
n
ted
2
7
p
a
p
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t
h
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n
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ti
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n
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l
a
n
d
in
tern
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ti
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a
l
j
o
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r
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a
ls,
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
.
His m
a
in
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re
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o
f
in
tere
st i
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c
lu
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e
s th
e
rm
a
l
ima
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ro
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ss
in
g
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m
a
c
h
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lea
rn
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a
n
d
e
m
e
rg
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g
t
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c
h
n
o
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o
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ies
re
late
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t
o
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lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
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ics
d
o
m
a
in
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
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m
a
il
:
p
a
rv
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z
1
9
0
6
8
7
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
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G
o
v
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Ra
v
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K
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c
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rre
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g
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se
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io
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ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
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o
r
in
th
e
D
e
p
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rtme
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t
o
f
ECE
,
CVR
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
H
y
d
e
ra
b
a
d
.
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re
c
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iv
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d
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
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c
tro
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ics
a
n
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Co
m
m
u
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ic
a
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Ja
wa
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
i
n
2
0
0
9
,
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
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in
E
mb
e
d
d
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d
a
n
d
VL
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sig
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fro
m
JN
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Hy
d
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is
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v
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1
2
y
e
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rs
o
f
tea
c
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in
g
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x
p
e
rien
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e
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
VLS
I
d
e
sig
n
,
l
o
w
p
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r
VLS
I
a
rc
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it
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c
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re
s,
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n
d
m
a
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l
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a
rn
in
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
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c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
v
i
g
rk
r@
g
m
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il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
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tern
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fe
re
n
c
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s
a
n
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls
in
th
e
field
o
f
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
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in
g
.
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c
a
n
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c
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tac
ted
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a
n
d
a
p
ra
k
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sh
n
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lat
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m
a
il
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c
o
m
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k
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H
a
sa
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m
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d
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m
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m
b
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r,
IEE
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)
re
c
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d
h
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h
.
a
n
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
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s
in
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c
tro
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n
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m
m
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n
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g
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ri
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g
fr
o
m
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wa
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a
rlal
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h
ru
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h
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o
l
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n
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y
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k
in
a
d
a
,
in
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
,
re
sp
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ly
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rn
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fr
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m
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sh
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iah
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c
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ti
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ti
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,
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,
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u
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d
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sh
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Cu
rre
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t
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,
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rv
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g
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s
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s
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n
t
p
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De
p
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rtme
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a
t
KLE
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,
wh
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lso
h
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l
d
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th
e
p
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si
ti
o
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o
f
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so
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iate
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a
n
fo
r
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se
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n
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v
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t
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a
n
d
h
a
s
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ish
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r
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4
6
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e
se
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rc
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a
p
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re
p
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ted
in
tern
a
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a
l
j
o
u
r
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re
se
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o
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tr
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ti
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d
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sa
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s
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h
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s
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c
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iev
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d
a
n
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-
in
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o
f
2
4
,
re
flec
ti
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g
t
h
e
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
imp
a
c
t
o
f
h
is
sc
h
o
larly
w
o
rk
.
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a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
se
rv
e
s
a
s
a
re
v
iew
e
r
fo
r
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
h
ig
h
-
imp
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c
t
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ter
n
a
ti
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l
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r
n
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ls
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n
d
is
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n
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ss
o
c
iate
e
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it
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r
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r
se
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e
ra
l
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e
e
r
-
re
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iew
e
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
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is
a
p
a
ss
io
n
a
te
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
with
d
e
e
p
in
tere
sts
in
m
a
c
h
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lea
rn
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g
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c
o
m
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u
ter
v
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n
,
a
n
d
b
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m
e
d
ica
l
ima
g
e
a
n
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ly
sis.
His
wo
r
k
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ften
b
r
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s
t
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
wit
h
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l
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wo
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d
a
p
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li
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ti
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c
o
n
tri
b
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ti
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g
to
a
d
v
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n
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e
m
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ts
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m
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d
i
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g
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a
n
d
i
n
telli
g
e
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t
s
y
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m
s.
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h
a
s
g
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m
u
l
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e
p
o
stg
ra
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te
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n
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ra
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ts
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th
e
ir
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se
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rn
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y
s.
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Ah
a
m
m
a
d
is
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ti
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ly
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o
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d
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o
rg
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n
izin
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tern
a
ti
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l
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re
n
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e
s,
fa
c
u
lt
y
d
e
v
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o
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m
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t
p
ro
g
ra
m
s,
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
wo
rk
sh
o
p
s.
His
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
in
str
u
m
e
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tal
in
fo
ste
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g
a
stro
n
g
re
se
a
rc
h
c
u
lt
u
re
a
t
KLEF
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
h
a
m
m
a
d
k
lu
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Bo
d
a
p
a
ti
Ve
n
k
a
ta
R
a
ja
n
n
a
is as
so
c
iate
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
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t
t
h
e
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
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e
c
tro
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ics
En
g
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n
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e
rin
g
,
M
L
R
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
ia.
Re
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d
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Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
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e
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tri
c
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l
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n
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lec
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n
g
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fr
o
m
Ch
irala
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Co
ll
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e
,
JN
TU,
Ka
k
i
n
a
d
a
,
In
d
ia,
i
n
2
0
1
0
,
M
.
Tec
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.
d
e
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re
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in
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o
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r
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e
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tro
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d
Dri
v
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m
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ru
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k
sh
m
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iah
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u
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n
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u
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,
In
d
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in
2
0
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5
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
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i
n
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
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e
c
tro
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En
g
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rin
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t
K
o
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ru
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h
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u
n
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in
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s
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
with
b
a
tt
e
ry
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
sy
ste
m
s
(BES
S
),
sm
a
rt
m
e
terin
g
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
s,
m
icro
-
g
ri
d
s,
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
m
e
ter
re
a
d
in
g
(AMR)
d
e
v
ice
s,
G
S
M
/G
P
RS
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
li
n
e
c
a
rrier
(P
LC)
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
v
a
rio
u
s
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
su
c
h
a
s
QPS
K
,
BP
S
K,
ASK,
F
S
K,
OO
K,
a
n
d
G
M
S
K.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
jan
n
a
b
v
2
0
1
2
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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