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.
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Sep
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2020
,
p
p
.
520
~
528
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8938
,
DOI
: 1
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[
1
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
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8938
R
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4
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co
m
e
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
m
et
b
y
t
h
e
T
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
C
B
I
R
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
r
etr
iev
al
th
at
ap
p
lies
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
to
s
o
lv
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
lar
g
e
i
m
a
g
e
d
atab
a
s
es
r
elate
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
5
]
.
A
C
B
I
R
u
s
es
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
n
ten
t
s
o
f
a
ce
r
tain
i
m
a
g
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
co
lo
u
r
tex
t
u
r
e,
s
h
a
p
e,
a
n
d
s
p
atial
lo
ca
tio
n
th
at
ar
e
id
en
tif
ied
as
t
h
e
lo
w
-
lev
el
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
th
e
d
atab
ase.
W
h
en
a
d
esire
d
i
m
a
g
e
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
as
an
i
n
p
u
t
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
it
w
ill
r
etr
iev
e
a
s
i
m
ilar
i
m
ag
e
m
atc
h
ed
to
t
h
e
ex
a
m
p
le
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
B
y
q
u
er
y
i
n
g
u
s
in
g
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
it
w
ill
e
li
m
in
a
te
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
ex
p
r
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
n
te
n
t
i
m
a
g
es
in
wo
r
d
s
f
o
r
m
t
h
at
r
ese
m
b
le
s
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
v
is
u
al
d
ata.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
at
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
av
a
ilab
le
ar
e
QB
I
C
[
6
]
,
P
h
o
to
b
o
o
k
[
7
]
,
Vis
u
a
lSee
k
[
8
]
,
Netr
a
[
9
]
an
d
SIM
P
L
I
cit
y
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
ies
d
o
n
e
o
n
C
B
I
R
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
e
d
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
l
y
i
n
[
1
1
-
13]
.
An
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
h
ap
e
d
escr
i
p
to
r
is
ess
en
t
ial
to
id
en
ti
f
y
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e
co
n
te
n
t,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
its
s
h
ap
e,
co
lo
u
r
an
d
tex
tu
r
e
[
1
4
-
15]
.
R
eg
io
n
-
b
ased
I
m
a
g
e
R
etr
iev
al
(
R
B
I
R
)
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
th
e
C
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
m
a
g
e
s
eg
m
en
ta
tio
n
an
d
d
ef
in
i
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
cr
iter
i
a
co
n
s
t
itu
te
t
h
e
R
OI
-
b
a
s
ed
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
iev
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
r
ep
r
esen
tat
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
th
e
d
atab
ase
b
y
u
t
ilizi
n
g
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
o
r
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e.
R
B
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
to
S
y
s
te
m
De
s
i
g
n
ated
R
eg
io
n
-
of
-
I
n
ter
e
s
t
(
SD
R
)
[
1
7
]
an
d
User
Desig
n
ated
R
e
g
io
n
-
of
-
I
n
ter
es
t
(
UDR)
[
1
8
]
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
W
h
en
q
u
er
y
in
g
to
th
e
d
atab
ase
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
SD
R
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
in
to
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
eg
io
n
s
an
d
d
esig
n
ati
n
g
e
v
er
y
r
eg
io
n
as
R
OI
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
u
to
m
a
ticall
y
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
UDR
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
R
OI
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
f
o
r
q
u
er
y
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
i
s
d
o
n
e
m
a
n
u
all
y
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
an
SD
R
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
in
d
iv
id
in
g
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
to
m
a
n
y
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
u
n
p
r
ed
icted
n
o
i
s
e
i
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
m
a
y
r
es
u
l
t
in
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
etr
iev
al
ac
cu
r
ac
y
th
u
s
m
ak
in
g
i
m
a
g
e
s
e
g
m
en
tatio
n
n
o
t
al
w
a
y
s
r
eliab
le.
I
n
q
u
est
to
id
en
tify
eith
er
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
th
e
i
m
ag
e
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
d
iv
er
s
e
y
et
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
i
n
i
m
a
g
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
tat
io
n
[
1
9
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
m
an
y
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
ail
t
o
ex
tr
ac
t
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
in
ter
est
d
esp
ite
th
e
ir
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
cu
r
ate
l
y
id
en
ti
f
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eg
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
i
m
a
g
es.
T
h
e
SDR
m
et
h
o
d
h
a
s
s
o
m
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
in
r
ef
lecti
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
'
s
g
o
al
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
etr
i
ev
al
d
u
e
to
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
I
t
i
s
co
m
p
licate
d
to
d
ec
id
e
b
ef
o
r
eh
an
d
th
e
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
t
h
at
w
il
l
b
e
ch
o
s
en
w
h
en
th
e
u
s
er
o
p
ts
f
o
r
th
e
R
OI
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
U
DR
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
n
u
all
y
.
E
x
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
ag
e
s
'
f
ea
t
u
r
e
v
alu
es
a
n
d
m
atch
in
g
th
e
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
R
OI
f
o
r
r
etr
iev
al
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
to
a
s
m
aller
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
i
s
t
h
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
C
o
r
r
ec
t
s
elec
t
io
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
o
v
er
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
R
OI
is
a
cr
u
cial
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
ce
t
h
e
UDR
m
et
h
o
d
is
ab
le
to
h
av
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
s
ize
s
an
d
ca
n
h
a
v
e
m
u
l
tip
le
b
lo
ck
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
q
u
er
y
p
r
ec
is
el
y
[
2
0
]
.
R
OI
p
lace
m
en
t
also
p
lay
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
o
b
tain
in
g
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
R
OI
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
[
2
1
]
.
Fix
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
m
atc
h
i
n
g
w
i
ll
b
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
h
a
v
in
g
t
h
e
ex
ac
t
p
lace
m
en
t
as
t
h
e
R
OI
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
is
m
e
th
o
d
co
u
ld
n
o
t
r
etr
ie
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
i
m
a
g
es
w
h
e
n
s
i
m
ila
r
r
eg
io
n
s
to
R
OI
lie
i
n
o
t
h
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
ai
ls
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
e
x
ac
t
i
m
a
g
es
c
o
n
tain
i
n
g
a
n
elep
h
an
t
t
h
at
i
s
s
itu
ated
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
-
lef
t
co
r
n
er
o
f
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
w
h
en
in
itial
l
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
w
h
o
q
u
er
ie
s
f
o
r
an
elep
h
a
n
t
i
n
th
e
b
o
tto
m
-
r
ig
h
t
co
r
n
er
o
f
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
i
m
a
g
e
is
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
.
Op
tin
g
f
o
r
all
b
lo
ck
s
m
atc
h
i
n
g
s
tr
ateg
y
m
ig
h
t
s
o
lv
e
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
b
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
i
ll
lead
to
th
e
ti
m
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
t
h
at
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
as
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
ti
m
e
a
s
t
h
e
b
l
o
ck
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
i
n
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
l
a
y
o
u
t.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
r
e
g
io
n
o
f
in
ter
est
-
b
ased
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
o
f
r
etr
iev
al
tec
h
n
iq
u
es u
s
ed
an
d
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
b
tain
ed
.
2.
I
M
AG
E
P
RO
CE
SS
I
NG
M
E
T
H
O
DS
I
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
g
e
n
er
all
y
r
e
lies
o
n
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
m
atch
in
g
i
t
to
a
n
y
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
o
b
j
ec
t.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
ex
tr
ac
t
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
s
.
Di
g
ita
l
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
icto
r
ial
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
d
ata
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e.
R
e
co
g
n
itio
n
o
f
an
o
b
j
ec
t
is
a
v
er
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
ch
alle
n
g
e
in
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8938
I
n
t J
A
r
ti
f
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
20
20
:
5
2
0
–
528
522
Sin
ce
ev
er
y
o
b
j
ec
t
is
a
p
ar
t
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e,
th
u
s
,
m
atch
in
g
R
OI
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
an
o
b
j
ec
t
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
,
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
,
f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
m
a
tch
i
n
g
.
T
h
ese
o
p
er
atio
n
s
w
il
l f
u
r
th
er
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
elo
w
.
2
.
1
.
I
m
a
g
e
re
presenta
t
io
n
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
lo
t
o
f
im
a
g
e
s
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
d
ig
ita
l
w
o
r
ld
to
d
ay
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ac
tu
a
l
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e
is
d
en
o
ted
as
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
is
cr
ete
p
ict
u
r
e
ele
m
e
n
t
ca
lled
as
th
e
p
ix
els.
P
ix
el
v
a
lu
e
s
ar
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
te
n
g
r
e
y
le
v
el
s
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
u
n
t
il
2
5
5
(
b
lack
-
w
h
ite)
.
B
in
ar
y
i
s
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
u
s
u
all
y
u
s
ed
an
d
later
w
ill
b
e
tr
an
s
lated
i
n
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
i
m
a
g
e
f
o
r
m
at
s
s
u
ch
a
s
j
p
g
,
b
it
m
ap
,
an
d
p
n
g
[
2
2
-
23]
.
T
h
ese
i
m
a
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
r
el
y
o
n
t
h
e
p
i
x
el
s
ize
a
n
d
t
h
ese
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
p
i
x
els
s
i
m
ilar
to
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
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ed
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ce
th
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co
m
p
le
x
it
y
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m
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tat
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al
ti
m
e
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m
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in
g
,
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h
ig
h
-
q
u
ali
t
y
i
m
a
g
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
[
2
4
]
.
2
.
2
.
I
m
a
g
e
s
eg
m
e
nta
t
io
n
T
h
e
d
ef
in
it
io
n
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
s
e
g
m
en
tatio
n
in
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
is
g
i
v
en
as
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
e
g
r
eg
ati
n
g
a
d
ig
ital
i
m
ag
e
i
n
to
m
a
n
y
s
e
g
m
en
ts
.
I
m
a
g
e
s
e
g
m
en
tat
io
n
p
ar
titi
o
n
s
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
p
ix
el
s
in
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
at
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
co
r
r
elate
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
a
n
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
s
e
g
m
en
ta
tio
n
is
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
to
a
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
th
at
is
ea
s
ier
to
a
n
al
y
s
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
[
1
9
,
25]
.
I
n
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
f
ie
ld
,
th
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
tat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
til
l
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
o
p
en
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
d
es
p
ite
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
ca
n
d
elib
er
atel
y
b
e
v
er
y
e
f
f
icie
n
t.
B
y
o
n
l
y
s
eg
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
r
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g
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
in
s
tead
o
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h
av
in
g
to
d
o
th
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
tat
io
n
p
r
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ce
s
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
i
m
a
g
e
,
th
e
R
OI
co
n
ce
p
t
t
h
at
i
s
u
s
ed
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
ti
m
e
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
s
eg
m
e
n
ted
r
eg
io
n
i
s
s
m
aller
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
en
tire
i
m
a
g
e.
2
.
3
.
Reg
i
o
n c
lus
t
er
ing
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
p
r
esen
t,
th
er
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
t
h
at
ar
e
q
u
ite
s
i
m
ilar
i
n
m
an
y
r
eg
io
n
s
t
h
at
b
elo
n
g
to
a
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
e
t
o
f
i
m
ag
e
s
[
2
6
]
.
A
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
d
ata
a
n
d
a
co
d
eb
o
o
k
s
ize
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
g
etti
n
g
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
ef
f
icac
y
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
w
h
o
le
d
atab
ase
i
m
ag
e
s
.
All
th
e
d
ata
a
n
d
d
etails
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
t
h
e
n
s
to
r
ed
as
a
co
d
ew
o
r
d
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
i
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
a
n
d
w
il
l b
e
r
e
g
is
te
r
ed
in
t
h
e
co
d
eb
o
o
k
an
d
t
h
e
m
atch
i
n
g
i
n
d
ex
w
ill
b
e
s
to
r
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
e
g
io
n
o
f
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
u
s
ed
w
h
ile
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
w
i
ll
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
th
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
a
t
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
e
g
io
n
.
T
h
e
n
ea
r
est
e
n
tr
y
i
n
t
h
e
co
d
eb
o
o
k
is
lo
ca
ted
a
n
d
th
e
m
atc
h
in
g
in
d
e
x
w
il
l
b
e
r
ep
l
ac
in
g
i
ts
f
ea
tu
r
e
f
o
r
a
n
e
w
i
m
a
g
e
r
eg
io
n
.
R
eg
io
n
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
r
el
y
m
ain
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
th
e
p
ix
el
s
o
f
o
n
e
r
eg
io
n
is
s
i
m
i
lar
w
it
h
th
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
in
g
p
ix
e
ls
.
2
.
4
.
F
e
a
t
ure
ex
t
ra
ct
io
n
Featu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
i
n
ce
it
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
g
lo
b
al
i
m
ag
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
co
lo
u
r
o
r
lo
ca
l
d
escr
ip
t
o
r
s
lik
e
te
x
tu
r
e
a
n
d
s
h
ap
e
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
i
m
a
g
e.
I
n
t
h
is
p
h
ase,
an
id
en
ti
t
y
i
s
g
iv
e
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
c
h
ar
ac
ter
wh
ich
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
v
ec
to
r
[
2
7
]
.
W
h
en
b
ein
g
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
s
,
th
e
s
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
r
etr
ie
v
als
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
o
n
l
y
w
ill
b
e
ex
t
r
ac
ted
af
ter
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
an
al
y
s
is
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
8
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
attr
ib
u
tes
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e
r
eg
io
n
th
a
t
h
as
b
ee
n
s
e
g
m
e
n
ted
is
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
r
eg
io
n
an
d
it
is
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
e
s
s
o
f
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
i
s
t
o
ex
tr
ac
t so
m
e
s
ets o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es in
o
r
d
er
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
iev
al
r
ate.
2
.
5
.
T
he
g
ener
a
l f
ra
m
ew
o
rk
o
f
RB
I
R
User
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
etr
iev
a
l
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
r
etr
ie
v
al
ar
e
t
w
o
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
t
h
at
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
r
e
g
io
n
-
b
ased
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
iev
al.
I
n
th
e
U
DR
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
s
i
n
t
h
e
la
y
o
u
t
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
elec
t
s
w
ill
b
e
th
e
r
eg
io
n
'
s
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
ex
tr
ac
t.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
SD
R
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
r
eg
io
n
s
o
r
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
w
ill
b
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
R
OI
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
ea
tu
r
es
w
il
l
th
en
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
m
atch
i
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
d
atab
ase
i
m
a
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
s
e
lectio
n
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
R
B
I
R
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
f
ilter
i
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
ca
lc
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
d
atab
ase
w
h
ich
w
i
ll
lead
to
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t i
n
r
etr
iev
al
s
p
ee
d
[
3
0
]
.
3.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
o
n
R
OI
-
ba
s
ed
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
co
n
s
id
er
s
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
is
s
u
es
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
.
Ma
n
y
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
d
th
eir
w
o
r
k
s
in
t
h
e
R
OI
ar
ea
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ar
e
lis
ted
b
elo
w
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
r
ti
f
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8938
R
eg
io
n
o
f i
n
teres
t
-
b
a
s
ed
ima
g
e
r
etri
ev
a
l te
ch
n
iq
u
es:
a
r
ev
iew
(
Ma
r
d
h
iya
h
Md
Ja
n
)
523
C
h
e
n
et
al.
[
3
1
]
,
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
d
ex
i
m
a
g
e
in
co
n
ten
t
-
b
ased
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
b
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
Ko
h
o
n
en
’
s
Sel
f
Or
g
an
iz
in
g
Ma
p
(
SOM)
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
el
a
v
ailab
le.
T
h
ey
s
tated
th
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t
h
e
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i
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f
ican
t
co
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tr
ib
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h
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p
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at
it
i
s
in
ter
ac
ti
v
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w
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e
th
e
u
s
er
i
s
ab
le
to
ch
o
o
s
e
an
R
OI
d
esire
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
i
m
a
g
es
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
m
atc
h
in
g
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
al
co
lo
u
r
f
ea
t
u
r
es,
t
h
u
s
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
th
at
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
p
ar
titi
o
n
ev
er
y
i
m
ag
e
in
to
m
a
n
y
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
ize
r
eg
io
n
s
f
o
r
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
a
d
ap
tiv
el
y
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
S
OM
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
ita
b
le
p
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s
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to
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p
ec
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f
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q
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er
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n
d
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t
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co
m
p
u
ter
its
el
f
,
th
u
s
Mo
g
h
ad
d
a
m
et
al.
[
3
2
]
p
r
esen
ted
an
o
t
h
er
alter
n
a
tiv
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
i
s
o
p
in
io
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
ab
le
to
ch
o
o
s
e
m
u
ltip
le
R
OI
an
d
ca
n
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ir
s
p
atial
l
a
y
o
u
t
i
n
th
e
r
etr
iev
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
i
s
p
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p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
b
o
u
n
d
s
o
n
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
d
i
s
tan
ce
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
s
ea
r
ch
is
also
d
er
iv
e
d
in
th
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
An
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
R
OI
q
u
er
ies
u
s
in
g
an
M
R
I
d
atab
ase
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
An
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
r
etr
ie
v
ed
i
m
a
g
es c
o
n
tain
in
g
f
lo
w
er
s
w
it
h
y
e
llo
w
co
lo
u
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
u
s
i
n
g
[
3
1
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8938
I
n
t J
A
r
ti
f
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
20
20
:
5
2
0
–
528
524
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
An
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
an
M
R
I
i
m
a
g
er
y
d
atab
ase
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
ltip
le
R
OI
q
u
er
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
b
y
[
3
2
]
An
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
th
e
r
eg
i
o
n
-
b
ased
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
ie
v
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
-
le
v
el
s
e
m
an
t
ic
lear
n
i
n
g
id
ea
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
its
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
o
th
q
u
er
y
b
y
R
OI
an
d
q
u
er
y
b
y
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
.
T
h
e
im
a
g
e
w
ill
b
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
in
to
s
ev
er
al
r
eg
io
n
s
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
r
eg
io
n
s
w
it
h
lo
w
-
le
v
el
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Hi
g
h
-
le
v
el
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ar
e
th
en
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
n
a
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
-
b
ased
i
m
ag
e
s
e
m
a
n
ti
c
lear
n
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
DT
-
ST
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
p
les o
f
q
u
er
y
an
d
d
o
m
i
n
an
t r
e
g
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
tex
t
-
b
ased
r
e
tr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
a
u
n
iq
u
e
r
eg
io
n
-
b
ased
i
n
v
er
ted
f
il
e
in
d
ex
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
e
m
a
n
tic
i
m
ag
e
r
etr
iev
al
m
o
d
el
is
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
id
ea
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
y
[
3
4
]
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
i
m
ag
e
s
w
er
e
in
t
er
p
r
e
ted
in
to
tex
t
u
al
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
th
e
n
b
ein
g
in
d
e
x
ed
an
d
r
etr
iev
ed
,
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
te
x
t
-
b
ased
q
u
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
w
o
ex
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Do
m
in
a
n
t r
eg
io
n
q
u
er
y
i
m
a
g
e
ex
a
m
p
les o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
[
3
3
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
r
ti
f
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8938
R
eg
io
n
o
f i
n
teres
t
-
b
a
s
ed
ima
g
e
r
etri
ev
a
l te
ch
n
iq
u
es:
a
r
ev
iew
(
Ma
r
d
h
iya
h
Md
Ja
n
)
525
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
p
les o
f
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
i
m
ag
e
s
b
ein
g
r
etr
ie
v
ed
u
s
in
g
[
3
4
]
4.
SUM
M
ARI
Z
E
D
L
I
T
E
RA
T
URE R
E
VI
E
W
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
u
s
ed
in
1
5
ar
ticles
r
elate
d
to
r
eg
io
n
-
b
ased
I
m
ag
e
R
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
ev
ie
w
s
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ar
e
class
i
f
ied
i
n
to
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
th
e
d
atab
ase
u
s
ed
,
an
d
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
b
y
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
au
t
h
o
r
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
ar
ized
liter
atu
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
r
e
g
io
n
-
b
ased
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
(
co
n
tin
u
e)
A
u
t
h
o
r
s/
Y
e
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
D
a
t
a
b
a
se
s
F
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
T
.
C
h
e
n
,
L
.
-
H
.
C
h
e
n
,
K
.
-
K
.
M
a
[
3
1
]
(
1
9
9
9
)
R
e
g
i
o
n
-
of
-
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
(
R
O
I
)
i
mag
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
o
l
o
u
r
i
mag
e
i
n
d
e
x
i
n
g
P
r
e
c
i
si
o
n
o
f
i
mag
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
5
0
0
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
i
mag
e
s
H
i
g
h
p
r
e
c
i
si
o
n
i
n
r
e
su
l
t
s
o
f
i
mag
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
.
R
o
t
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
sc
a
l
e
d
v
e
r
si
o
n
s o
f
i
m
a
g
e
s c
a
n
a
l
so
b
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
me
t
h
o
d
.
Q
i
T
i
a
n
,
Y
i
n
g
W
u
,
T
h
o
mas
S
.
H
u
a
n
g
[
3
5
]
(
2
0
0
0
)
C
o
mb
i
n
i
n
g
u
se
r
-
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
r
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
(
R
O
I
)
a
n
d
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
l
a
y
o
u
t
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
b
a
se
d
I
mag
e
R
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
o
f
i
mag
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
C
O
R
EL
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
i
mag
e
s
M
o
r
e
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
o
f
c
a
p
t
u
r
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n
g
i
mag
e
d
e
t
a
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l
s
c
o
mp
a
r
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d
t
o
t
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e
g
l
o
b
a
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
B
a
b
a
c
k
M
o
g
h
a
d
d
a
m,
H
e
n
n
i
n
g
B
i
e
r
man
n
,
D
i
mi
t
r
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s
M
a
r
g
a
r
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t
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s
[
3
2
]
(
2
0
0
1
)
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t
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me
(
A
G
W
)
P
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t
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mag
e
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n
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
s.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
WO
RK
S
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ca
teg
o
r
izes
th
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
ex
a
m
p
le
s
u
s
ed
in
r
e
g
io
n
o
f
in
ter
est
-
b
ase
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al.
A
co
llect
io
n
o
f
p
ap
er
s
w
as
s
t
u
d
ied
an
d
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
co
n
ce
p
ts
a
n
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
i
n
t
h
e
g
i
v
e
n
tab
le.
Sev
er
al
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
b
y
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
t
h
e
il
lu
s
tr
ated
f
i
g
u
r
es.
I
n
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
f
ield
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e,
r
ap
id
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ar
e
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
an
im
m
e
n
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
g
ai
n
b
en
ef
it
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
i
m
a
g
e
r
etr
iev
al
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
co
u
n
tles
s
f
ield
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
th
e
s
e
R
B
I
R
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
a
s
m
ed
ical
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
,
ar
c
h
ae
o
lo
g
y
,
zo
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
cr
i
m
i
n
al
in
v
es
t
ig
atio
n
.
Ov
er
al
l,
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
s
i
m
i
lar
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
er
e
is
a
lo
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
y
e
t
t
o
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
R
B
I
R
an
d
to
ex
p
en
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
m
a
n
y
m
o
r
e
f
ield
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2252
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8938
R
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Ma
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Vi
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lab
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ted
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[1
]
W
.
Zh
o
u
,
H.
L
i,
a
n
d
Q.
T
ian
,
“
Re
c
e
n
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
in
Co
n
ten
t
-
b
a
se
d
Im
a
g
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Re
tri
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v
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l:
A
L
it
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4
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v
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l.
2
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p
p
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1
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7
.
[2
]
G
.
Qiu
,
“
Co
lo
r
im
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g
e
in
d
e
x
in
g
u
sin
g
BT
C,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Ima
g
e
Pr
o
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ss
.
,
v
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l.
1
2
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
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3
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0
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,
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0
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.
[3
]
V
.
T
y
a
g
i,
“
Co
n
ten
t
-
Ba
se
d
Im
a
g
e
Re
tri
e
v
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l
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s :
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Re
v
ie
w
,
”
in
Co
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ten
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Ba
se
d
Im
a
g
e
Re
tri
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v
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l,
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in
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:
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p
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g
e
r
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
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2
9
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4
8
.
[4
]
J.
Yu
,
X.
Ya
n
g
,
F
.
G
a
o
,
a
n
d
D.
T
a
o
,
“
De
e
p
M
u
lt
im
o
d
a
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Dista
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c
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M
e
tri
c
L
e
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rn
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g
Us
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Cli
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k
Co
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stra
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n
ts
f
o
r
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a
g
e
Ra
n
k
in
g
,
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E
T
ra
n
s.
Cy
b
e
rn
.
,
v
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.
4
7
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o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
4
0
1
4
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4
0
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4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
N.
T
.
L
.
M
a
i,
S
.
S
.
B
in
A
h
m
a
d
Rid
z
u
a
n
,
a
n
d
Z.
Bi
n
Om
a
r,
“
Co
n
ten
t
-
b
a
se
d
im
a
g
e
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tri
e
v
a
l
s
y
ste
m
f
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im
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g
a
ll
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se
a
rc
h
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
t
.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
mp
u
t.
En
g
.
,
v
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l.
8
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
0
3
-
1
9
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2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
C.
F
a
lo
u
tso
s e
t
a
l.
,
“
Eff
icie
n
t
a
n
d
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
Qu
e
r
y
in
g
b
y
I
m
a
g
e
Co
n
ten
t,
”
J
.
In
tell
.
In
f.
S
y
st
.
,
v
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l.
3
,
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o
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3
-
4
,
p
p
.
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3
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6
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,
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9
4
.
[7
]
A
.
P
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n
tl
a
n
d
,
R.
W
.
P
ica
rd
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
c
laro
ff
,
“
P
h
o
to
b
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o
k
-
P
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tl
a
n
d
.
P
d
f
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Co
mp
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t.
Vi
s
.
,
v
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l.
1
8
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
3
3
-
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5
4
,
1
9
9
6
.
[8
]
J.
R.
S
m
it
h
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
“
Vi
su
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lS
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k
:
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f
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ma
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c
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b
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e
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u
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ry
sy
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m
,
”
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.
4
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A
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In
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.
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6
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.
[9
]
W
.
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a
a
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d
B.
S
.
M
a
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t
h
,
“
Ne
T
ra
:
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to
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m
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tab
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s,”
M
u
lt
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d
.
S
y
st
.
,
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l.
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,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
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1
8
4
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9
8
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9
9
.
[1
0
]
J.
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
J.
L
i,
a
n
d
G
.
W
ied
e
rh
o
l
d
y
,
“
S
IM
P
L
Ic
it
y
:
S
e
m
a
n
ti
c
s
-
se
n
siti
v
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in
teg
ra
ted
m
a
tch
in
g
f
o
r
p
ictu
re
li
b
ra
ries
?
,
”
L
e
c
t.
No
tes
Co
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
(
in
c
lu
d
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s
Arti
f.
In
tell
.
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e
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t.
No
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Bi
o
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fo
rm
a
ti
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s)
,
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l.
1
9
2
9
,
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o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
6
0
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3
7
1
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
1
]
M
.
S
.
L
e
w
,
N.
S
e
b
e
,
C.
Dje
ra
b
a
,
a
n
d
R.
Ja
in
,
“
Co
n
te
n
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
m
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
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v
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l:
S
tate
o
f
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rt
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n
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c
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ll
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n
g
e
s,”
ACM
T
ra
n
s.
M
u
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e
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.
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m
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Co
mm
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.
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p
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.
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2
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
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9
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
2
]
Y.
L
iu
,
D.
Zh
a
n
g
,
G
.
L
u
,
a
n
d
W.
Y.
M
a
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
f
c
o
n
ten
t
-
b
a
se
d
i
m
a
g
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tri
e
v
a
l
w
it
h
h
ig
h
-
le
v
e
l
se
m
a
n
ti
c
s,”
Pa
tt
e
rn
Rec
o
g
n
it
.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
2
-
2
8
2
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
A
.
W
.
M
.
S
m
e
u
ld
e
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.
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,
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triev
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n
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d
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M
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li
k
,
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b
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:
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9
]
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d
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R.
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stlem
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,
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n
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l
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h
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iq
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s,”
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.
In
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1
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im
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n
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.
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o
b
,
“
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n
Ev
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m
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l
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t.
J
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2
]
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Ru
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.
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a
n
g
,
a
n
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.
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a
n
g
,
“
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m
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g
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tri
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v
a
l:
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rre
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t
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h
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iq
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e
s,
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ro
m
isin
g
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n
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a
n
d
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n
Iss
u
e
s,”
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.
o
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isu
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l
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o
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t
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.
[2
3
]
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.
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u
r
li
n
a
n
d
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C.
P
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li
,
“
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o
g
a
rit
h
m
ic i
m
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g
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p
ro
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ss
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.
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4
]
C.
J.
Du
a
n
d
D.
W
.
S
u
n
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“
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c
e
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s F
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5
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.
Ba
n
so
d
,
“
A
Brief
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v
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On
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a
g
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l
T
e
c
h
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e
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.
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.
[2
6
]
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H.
Ka
n
g
,
“
A
re
v
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w
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m
a
g
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a
n
d
v
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p
r
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e
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t.
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.
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lt
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[2
7
]
G
.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
A
De
ta
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Rev
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re
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8
]
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e
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n
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ro
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.
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.
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.
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ld
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n
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.
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9
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M. S.
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a
,
“
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g
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Re
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l
Tec
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fri
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In
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.
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rg
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rit
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“
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3
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.
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4
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D.
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.
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.
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.
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u
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Ho
u
,
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5
]
Q.
T
ian
,
Y.
W
u
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a
n
d
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S
.
Hu
a
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g
,
“
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In
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[3
6
]
F
.
Jin
g
,
M
.
L
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L
.
Zh
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,
H.
J.
Zh
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l,
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u
b
se
r.
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e
c
t.
No
tes
Arti
f.
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n
tell.
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e
c
t.
No
tes
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o
i
n
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rm
a
ti
c
s)
,
v
o
l.
2
7
2
8
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
-
2
1
5
,
2
0
0
3
.
[3
7
]
K.
Vu
,
K.
A
.
Hu
a
,
a
n
d
W
.
T
a
v
a
n
a
p
o
n
g
,
“
Im
a
g
e
q
u
a
li
ty
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
b
a
se
d
o
n
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g
io
n
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o
f
in
tere
st,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Kn
o
wl.
Da
t
a
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
5
-
1
0
4
9
,
2
0
0
3
.
[3
8
]
B.
G
.
P
ra
sa
d
,
K.
K.
B
isw
a
s,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
G
u
p
ta,
“
Re
g
io
n
-
b
a
se
d
ima
g
e
re
tri
e
v
a
l
u
sin
g
in
teg
ra
ted
c
o
l
o
r,
sh
a
p
e
,
a
n
d
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
in
d
e
x
,
”
Co
mp
u
t.
V
is.
Ima
g
e
Un
d
e
rs
t
.
,
v
o
l.
9
4
,
n
o
.
1
-
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
-
2
3
3
,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
9
]
F
.
Jin
g
,
M
.
L
i,
H.
J.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
B.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
Re
lev
a
n
c
e
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
in
re
g
io
n
-
b
a
se
d
im
a
g
e
re
tri
e
v
a
l,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Circ
u
it
s S
y
st.
V
id
e
o
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
7
2
-
6
8
1
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
0
]
B.
Ko
a
n
d
H.
By
u
n
,
“
F
RI
P
:
A
re
g
io
n
-
b
a
se
d
im
a
g
e
re
tri
e
v
a
l
to
o
l
u
sin
g
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
i
m
a
g
e
se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
ste
p
w
ise
b
o
o
lea
n
a
n
d
m
a
tch
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
u
lt
ime
d
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
1
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
1
]
Q.
Zh
o
u
,
L
.
M
a
,
M
.
Ce
len
k
,
a
n
d
D.
Ch
e
l
b
e
rg
,
“
Co
n
te
n
t
-
b
a
se
d
im
a
g
e
re
tri
e
v
a
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
ROI
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
re
le
v
a
n
c
e
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
,
”
M
u
lt
ime
d
.
T
o
o
ls A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
-
2
8
1
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
2
]
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
C
.
W
.
Yo
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
W
.
Ha
,
“
ROI
b
a
se
d
n
a
tu
r
a
l
im
a
g
e
r
e
triev
a
l
u
sin
g
c
o
lo
r
a
n
d
tex
tu
re
f
e
a
tu
re
,
”
P
r
o
c
.
-
F
o
u
rt
h
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
F
u
z
z
y
S
y
st.
Kn
o
w
l.
Disc
o
v
.
F
S
KD
2
0
0
7
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
F
sk
d
,
p
p
.
7
4
0
-
7
4
4
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
3
]
Y.
K.
Ch
a
n
,
Y.
A
.
Ho
,
Y.
T
.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
R.
C
.
Ch
e
n
,
“
A
ROI
i
m
a
g
e
r
e
tri
e
v
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
C
V
AA
O,”
Ima
g
e
Vi
s
.
Co
mp
u
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
0
-
1
5
4
9
,
2
0
0
8
.
[4
4
]
C.
Hu
a
n
g
,
Q.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
S
.
Yu
,
“
Re
g
io
n
s
o
f
in
tere
st
e
x
tr
a
c
ti
o
n
fr
o
m
c
o
lo
r
im
a
g
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
v
isu
a
l
sa
li
e
n
c
y
,
”
J
.
S
u
p
e
rc
o
m
p
u
t
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
-
3
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
5
]
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
G
.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ya
n
g
,
“
A
n
e
w
R
OI
b
a
se
d
i
m
a
g
e
re
tri
e
v
a
l
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
n
a
u
x
il
iar
y
G
a
u
s
sia
n
w
e
i
g
h
ti
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
,
”
M
u
lt
ime
d
.
T
o
o
ls A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
6
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
9
–
5
6
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
a
rd
h
iy
a
h
M
d
Ja
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
BEn
g
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
m
p
u
ter
&
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Isla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
a
l
a
y
sia
(IIUM
),
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
M
E
n
g
in
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
K
e
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
KM),
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
1
5
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
sh
e
is
p
e
rsu
i
n
g
h
e
r
P
h
D
st
u
d
ies
a
t
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
Bu
il
t
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
,
Ba
n
g
i,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
r
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
im
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
jec
ti
o
n
m
a
p
p
in
g
.
Dr.
Na
sh
a
ru
d
d
i
n
Zain
a
l
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
BEn
g
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ie
n
c
e
f
ro
m
T
o
k
y
o
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(Ja
p
a
n
),
in
1
9
9
8
,
M
En
g
i
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(UK
M
),
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
0
3
,
a
n
d
DrEn
g
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
T
o
k
y
o
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(Ja
p
a
n
)
in
2
0
1
0
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
ss
o
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
Bu
il
t
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
,
Ba
n
g
i,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
im
a
g
e
a
n
d
v
id
e
o
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
p
a
tt
e
rn
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
.
Dr.
S
h
a
h
riza
n
Ja
m
a
lu
d
in
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
BEn
g
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
(Co
m
p
u
ter)
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
(U
T
e
M
)
a
n
d
b
o
t
h
h
is
M
En
g
i
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
P
h
D
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(UK
M
).
He
is
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
c
e
rti
f
ied
b
y
th
e
Bo
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
M
a
la
y
sia
a
n
d
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ist
c
e
rti
f
ied
b
y
th
e
M
a
la
y
sia
Bo
a
rd
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ists.
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
,
h
e
i
s
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
rit
i
m
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Oc
e
a
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
sia
T
e
re
n
g
g
a
n
u
(UMT
).
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
Im
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
isi
o
n
,
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
p
a
tt
e
rn
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
so
f
t
w
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
,
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
in
st
ru
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
r
o
b
o
ti
c
,
m
a
rit
im
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sa
fe
t
y
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
.
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