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t
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Art
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J
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13
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Dec
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a
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Rev
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in educatio
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the
unm
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Am
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h M
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s,
stru
c
tu
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s,
a
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d
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q
u
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ts.
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h
m
o
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l'
s
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n
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u
e
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tu
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ra
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ra
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d
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se
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su
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lab
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c
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p
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ra
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s.
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lt
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c
it
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m
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with
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wo
rk
s.
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sp
it
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lt
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rsity
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s,
m
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m
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k
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p
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ts
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a
n
d
ro
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u
st
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q
u
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li
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it
a
ti
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n
.
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c
o
n
c
lu
si
o
n
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t
h
e
p
a
p
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d
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n
ti
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p
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tran
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o
rm
a
ti
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v
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lo
p
in
g
CC
m
o
d
e
ls
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d
u
c
a
ti
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n
.
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e
a
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ica
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lt
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e
ffe
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iv
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e
ss
o
f
th
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se
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s.
F
u
t
u
re
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ffo
r
ts
sh
o
u
ld
p
rio
r
it
ize
in
te
g
ra
ti
n
g
c
u
lt
u
ra
ll
y
se
n
siti
v
e
c
o
m
p
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ts
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n
siv
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re
q
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t
e
li
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it
a
ti
o
n
stra
teg
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to
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re
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te
a
d
a
p
ti
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,
u
n
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y
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p
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a
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a
n
d
in
c
lu
si
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e
CC
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
.
A
d
d
re
ss
in
g
t
h
e
se
g
a
p
s
will
p
a
v
e
th
e
wa
y
f
o
r
a
n
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a
n
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e
d
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
si
v
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in
teg
ra
ti
o
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o
f
CC
tec
h
n
o
l
o
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ies
i
n
d
iv
e
rse
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
tt
in
g
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
E
-
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
Pro
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els
R
ev
iew
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Am
in
ah
R
ez
q
allah
Ma
lk
awi
Sch
o
o
l o
f
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
Ar
t a
n
d
Scien
ce
s
,
Un
iv
er
s
i
ti Uta
r
a
Ma
lay
s
ia
Sin
to
k
,
0
6
0
1
0
,
B
u
k
it Ka
y
u
Hit
am
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Ked
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Ma
lay
s
i
a
E
m
ail:
am
.
m
alk
awi@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
to
d
ay
'
s
r
ap
id
ly
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
in
te
g
r
at
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
n
o
t
ju
s
t
a
tr
en
d
b
u
t
a
n
ec
ess
ity
,
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
r
esh
ap
in
g
h
o
w
s
tu
d
en
t
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t,
co
lla
b
o
r
ate,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
]
.
At
th
e
f
o
r
ef
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
lies
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
(
CC
)
.
A
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
u
n
p
ar
alleled
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
t
o
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
]
.
C
C
o
f
f
er
s
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
with
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
d
eliv
e
r
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
Fro
m
en
h
an
ci
n
g
r
em
o
te
lear
n
in
g
to
en
ab
lin
g
g
lo
b
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
C
C
ca
n
r
ed
e
f
in
e
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
em
p
h
asize
th
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ec
to
r
h
as
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
s
in
ce
th
e
em
e
r
g
en
ce
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic.
Var
io
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ad
o
p
ted
to
f
ac
ilit
a
te
a
s
m
o
o
th
tr
an
s
itio
n
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
Sch
o
lar
s
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
in
d
ialo
g
u
es
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
e
n
d
u
r
in
g
cr
is
es,
s
tr
ess
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
a
f
lex
ib
le
lear
n
in
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t tim
es a
n
d
lo
ca
tio
n
s
[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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tif
I
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tell
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
4
0
2
9
-
4
0
3
6
4030
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
p
r
ess
in
g
n
ee
d
to
an
aly
z
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els
with
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t
to
id
e
n
tify
th
o
s
e
th
at
alig
n
with
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
an
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
p
o
ten
tial
g
a
p
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
C
C
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
C
i
s
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
h
as
attr
ac
ted
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
atten
tio
n
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
an
d
m
ajo
r
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
Am
az
o
n
,
Go
o
g
le,
Or
ac
le,
I
B
M,
an
d
Mi
cr
o
s
o
f
t.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
an
ies
h
ea
v
ily
in
v
est
in
C
C
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
s
t
-
ef
f
icie
n
cy
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
[
9
]
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
wid
ely
u
tili
ze
d
with
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
HE
I
)
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
Stan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
NI
S
T
)
d
ef
in
e
d
C
C
as
en
ab
lin
g
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
,
on
-
d
em
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
ac
ce
s
s
t
o
s
ca
lab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
to
r
ag
e
,
s
er
v
er
s
,
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
d
s
er
v
ices
[
3
]
.
A
lig
n
in
g
with
J
o
h
n
Mc
C
ar
th
y
'
s
v
is
io
n
o
f
C
C
as
a
f
u
tu
r
e
p
u
b
lic
u
tili
ty
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
ch
a
r
ac
ter
izes
C
C
as
an
I
T
-
r
elate
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
er
e
d
as
s
er
v
ices
in
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
ata
ce
n
te
r
ty
p
es,
aim
in
g
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
er
s
with
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
lik
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
u
tili
ties
,
CC
co
m
p
u
tin
g
allo
ws u
s
er
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as n
ee
d
ed
an
d
p
ay
f
o
r
ac
t
u
al
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
4
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
ca
teg
o
r
iz
ed
C
C
i
n
to
th
r
ee
s
er
v
ice
m
o
d
els:
I
aa
S
f
o
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
h
ar
d
war
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
PaaS
f
o
r
a
p
latf
o
r
m
with
o
u
t
d
ea
lin
g
with
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
an
d
SaaS
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
tio
n
to
lice
n
s
ed
s
o
f
twar
e.
I
aa
S
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
in
clu
d
e
Am
az
o
n
,
Sa
v
v
is
,
an
d
Go
Gr
id
;
PaaS
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
ar
e
G
o
o
g
le
Ap
p
s
an
d
Mi
cr
o
s
o
f
t
Azu
r
e;
an
d
SaaS
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
in
clu
d
e
Go
o
g
le
NetSu
ite
an
d
Ap
p
le
iC
lo
u
d
[
1
4
]
.
Stu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
HE
I
s
h
o
u
ld
ch
o
o
s
e
I
aa
S,
PaaS,
o
r
SaaS
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
an
d
f
in
an
cia
l
ca
p
ac
ity
to
m
in
i
m
ize
co
s
ts
[
1
]
.
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
th
er
e'
s
a
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
o
r
SaaS
w
h
en
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
CC
co
m
p
u
tin
g
[
1
4
]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
r
esear
ch
ca
teg
o
r
izes
C
C
in
to
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
m
o
d
els
as
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
CC
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
o
f
f
er
s
o
p
e
n
ac
ce
s
s
o
n
a
p
ay
-
as
-
y
o
u
-
g
o
b
asis
,
th
e
p
r
iv
a
te
clo
u
d
is
ex
clu
s
iv
e
f
o
r
au
th
o
r
ized
p
er
s
o
n
n
el,
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
CC
s
er
v
es
m
u
ltip
le
u
s
er
s
with
s
h
ar
e
d
in
ter
ests
,
an
d
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
clo
u
d
co
m
b
i
n
es
elem
en
ts
o
f
all
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
[
2
]
.
Stu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
a
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
cl
o
u
d
m
o
d
el
i
n
HE
I
d
u
e
to
its
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
s
im
p
lifie
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
ar
in
g
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
a
cc
ess
to
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ater
ials
f
r
o
m
an
y
lo
ca
tio
n
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
cl
o
u
d
s
ea
m
le
s
s
ly
in
teg
r
ates
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
b
o
th
p
r
i
v
ate
an
d
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
m
o
d
els,
m
ak
in
g
it
ad
ap
tab
le
an
d
ad
v
a
n
tag
eo
u
s
f
o
r
HE
I
s
[
1
5
]
.
Desp
ite
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
e
n
co
u
n
ter
p
e
r
s
is
ten
t
ch
allen
g
es
with
C
C
[
4
]
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es
s
p
an
n
in
g
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
s
in
g
le
p
o
in
ts
o
f
f
ailu
r
e,
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
s
[
1
]
.
Stu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
g
u
id
a
n
ce
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
esp
ec
i
ally
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies,
wh
er
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Als
o
,
c
u
ltu
r
al
in
f
lu
en
c
es
p
o
s
e
ch
alle
n
g
es
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
with
C
C
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
ac
ad
em
ic
s
taf
f
,
s
tu
d
en
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
f
i
n
a
n
ce
s
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
Om
an
i
co
n
tex
t,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
T
r
u
s
t
is
s
u
es
ab
o
u
n
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e,
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
,
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
b
y
CC
s
er
v
ice
v
e
n
d
o
r
s
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
9
]
.
I
n
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia,
ch
allen
g
es
in
clu
d
e
leg
al
in
ter
ce
p
tio
n
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
[
1
8
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
s
u
cc
ess
f
ac
to
r
s
in
CC
ad
o
p
tio
n
en
co
m
p
ass
s
ec
u
r
in
g
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e,
ass
ess
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
m
atu
r
ity
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atin
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
m
itig
ate
f
in
an
cial
r
is
k
s
[
1
9
]
.
C
C
em
er
g
es
a
s
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
g
r
ap
p
lin
g
with
f
in
an
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
le
x
ities
,
o
p
er
at
in
g
o
n
a
'
p
ay
-
as
-
y
o
u
-
g
o
'
m
o
d
e
l
to
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
lo
w
s
er
v
ice
d
em
a
n
d
[
2
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
No
r
th
Am
e
r
ican
an
d
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
e
m
b
r
ac
e
C
C
f
o
r
its
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
ar
in
g
,
a
n
d
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
o
f
I
T
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
s
etu
p
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
,
d
r
iv
en
b
y
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
u
p
d
ates,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
test
in
g
[
2
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
L
a
r
g
e
s
t
o
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ity
allo
ws
tailo
r
e
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
ac
ce
s
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
v
ir
t
u
al
lab
s
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
to
en
r
ich
s
tu
d
en
t le
ar
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
e
d
in
g
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
e
m
p
h
asized
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
C
C
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
o
f
u
lly
g
r
a
s
p
h
o
w
to
ca
p
italize
o
n
th
ese
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
th
e
u
p
co
m
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
will
in
itially
d
elin
ea
te
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
to
g
ath
er
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
c
o
u
n
tr
ies,
aim
in
g
to
lev
er
a
g
e
C
C
with
e
-
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
e
p
ap
er
will
cr
itically
d
is
cu
s
s
a
n
d
ev
alu
ate
th
ese
m
o
d
els.
B
y
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
ca
n
h
ar
n
ess
th
e
f
u
ll
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
C
C
to
f
o
s
ter
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew,
th
is
p
ap
er
aim
s
to
elu
cid
ate
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
C
C
m
o
d
els,
u
ltima
tely
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cts
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
to
an
aly
ze
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
C
C
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
with
in
HE
I
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
f
o
l
lo
ws
th
e
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
ch
ec
k
lis
t
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
es
(
PR
I
SM
A
)
ex
ten
s
io
n
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
s
ea
r
ch
,
id
en
tif
y
,
an
d
s
elec
t
p
e
r
tin
en
t
ar
ticles
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
PR
I
S
MA
p
r
in
cip
les
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
r
ea
d
in
g
,
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
,
an
d
m
an
a
g
in
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
R
ev
iew
o
f c
lo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
m
o
d
els in
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
met
n
ee
d
s
(
A
min
a
h
R
ezq
a
lla
h
Ma
lka
w
i)
4031
f
r
o
m
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies,
en
s
u
r
in
g
an
u
n
b
iased
an
d
im
p
a
r
tial
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
th
e
g
ath
er
e
d
d
ata
[
2
7
]
.
An
al
y
s
is
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
d
ata
em
p
lo
y
s
a
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ed
u
ctiv
e
an
d
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
8
to
2
0
2
3
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
C
C
as
a
r
ap
id
ly
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
e
x
clu
d
e
o
u
td
ated
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
tim
ef
r
am
e
aim
s
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
late
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
r
ec
e
n
t p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
etails.
2
.
1
.
Sea
rc
h str
a
t
eg
y
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
e
g
in
s
b
y
id
e
n
tify
in
g
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
d
e
f
in
in
g
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
a
cto
r
s
,
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
ea
ch
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
later
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
B
o
o
lean
s
ea
r
ch
ac
r
o
s
s
ch
o
s
en
d
atab
ases
an
d
jo
u
r
n
als.
R
etr
iev
ed
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
u
n
d
er
g
o
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ev
alu
atio
n
a
g
ain
s
t
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
cr
iter
ia
t
o
d
ete
r
m
in
e
f
in
al
an
aly
s
is
elig
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ex
tr
ac
te
d
an
d
co
d
ed
r
ele
v
an
t d
ata
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
d
ata
r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
m
an
u
al
an
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
ea
r
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
[
2
7
]
.
No
tab
le
d
atab
ases
s
u
ch
as
I
E
E
E
,
Sco
p
u
s
,
Sp
r
in
g
er
,
AC
M,
an
d
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
wer
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
ea
r
ch
.
W
ith
in
th
ese
d
atab
ases
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
f
u
ll
-
tex
t
s
ea
r
ch
u
s
in
g
a
B
o
o
l
ea
n
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
r
elate
d
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
an
d
t
o
p
ic
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
CC
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
e
-
lear
n
in
g
,
HE
I
,
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
m
o
d
el,
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
B
o
o
lean
s
ea
r
c
h
ter
m
s
v
ar
ie
d
ac
r
o
s
s
d
atab
ases
,
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
let
e
lis
t
o
f
ap
p
lied
s
ea
r
ch
ter
m
s
.
Fil
ter
in
g
o
p
tio
n
s
wer
e
ap
p
lied
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
at
ab
ase
av
ailab
ilit
y
with
in
th
e
p
ast
s
ix
y
ea
r
s
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
t
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
C
C
r
esear
ch
in
E
n
g
lis
h
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
a
to
tal
o
f
4
9
3
a
r
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
8
an
d
2
0
2
3
wer
e
in
itially
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
k
ey
wo
r
d
-
b
ased
an
d
m
a
n
u
al
s
ea
r
ch
es,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
C
C
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ec
to
r
.
Af
ter
r
em
o
v
in
g
d
u
p
licate
an
d
n
o
n
-
r
elate
d
en
tr
ies,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
c
o
n
d
u
cted
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
m
a
n
u
al
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
8
2
ar
ticles,
in
itially
a
s
s
es
s
in
g
titl
es
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ex
am
in
e
d
th
e
f
u
ll
tex
t
to
d
eter
m
in
e
elig
ib
ilit
y
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
e
d
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
cr
iter
i
a,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
e
co
m
p
ilatio
n
o
f
1
0
ar
ticles in
an
M
s.
E
x
ce
l
s
p
r
ea
d
s
h
ee
t,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
ed
r
ele
v
an
t
d
ata
o
n
r
es
ea
r
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
th
eo
r
ies
o
r
m
o
d
els,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ten
s
elec
ted
ar
ticles
wer
e
co
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
u
s
in
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
co
d
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
[
2
9
]
t
o
an
aly
ze
an
d
s
y
n
th
esize
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
ies.
Gr
o
u
n
d
e
d
th
eo
r
y
in
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
allo
ws
f
o
r
id
e
n
tify
in
g
p
atter
n
s
,
th
e
m
es,
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
r
ev
iewe
d
d
ata,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
to
p
ic.
T
h
e
co
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
ar
ticles
ab
o
u
t
u
tili
zin
g
C
C
m
o
d
els an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
with
in
HE
I
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
iewe
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els,
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
eir
p
r
im
ar
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
an
d
lay
er
s
.
W
h
ile
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
d
iv
er
s
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
.
th
ey
h
av
e
o
f
te
n
lack
ed
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
t
o
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
elicitatio
n
m
o
d
els,
n
eg
lectin
g
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
ass
ess
all
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
eir
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
r
e
v
iew
f
in
d
in
g
s
id
en
tifi
ed
s
ev
er
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els
to
ad
d
r
es
s
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
is
s
u
es
o
f
av
ailab
il
ity
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
as
n
o
ted
b
y
[
7
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
;
co
n
v
er
s
ely
,
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
f
in
an
cial
co
s
ts
,
a
o
n
e
-
s
ize
-
f
it
s
-
all
co
n
ten
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
p
ass
iv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
r
o
les,
an
d
th
e
lack
o
f
co
n
ten
t
r
elev
an
ce
wer
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
[
3
1
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
wer
e
r
aised
b
y
[
2
]
,
[
3
1
]
,
wh
ile
Ah
m
e
d
an
d
Hu
s
s
ain
[
3
2
]
em
p
h
asized
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
lo
w
co
s
ts
an
d
tech
n
ical
b
ar
r
ier
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
E
lm
asry
an
d
I
b
r
ah
im
[
1
5
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
ically
tailo
r
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
d
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies,
wh
ile
Kh
an
et
a
l.
[
6
]
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
ed
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
a
m
o
d
el
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
itig
atin
g
ch
alle
n
g
es
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
an
d
em
ics
an
d
war
s
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els,
o
u
tlin
in
g
ea
ch
m
o
d
el'
s
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
lay
er
s
,
an
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
T
h
is
tab
le
s
er
v
es
as
a
v
alu
a
b
le
r
e
f
er
en
ce
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
ea
ch
m
o
d
el,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
to
in
f
o
r
m
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
An
ess
en
tial
asp
ec
t
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
b
etwe
en
m
o
d
els
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
is
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
an
d
f
ac
to
r
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
ea
c
h
s
tu
d
y
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
ese
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
to
u
n
co
v
er
g
ap
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
a
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
co
n
ce
r
n
,
p
r
o
m
p
tin
g
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
m
o
d
els
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
i
v
ac
y
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
o
f
[
7
]
,
[
2
9
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,
[
3
0
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,
[
3
2
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co
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u
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e
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s
co
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e
th
e
im
p
er
ativ
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f
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tify
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u
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m
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ce
to
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eg
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2
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p
r
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ed
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r
am
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k
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p
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h
am
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i
[
7
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p
r
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n
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r
ated
C
C
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
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allen
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C
h
atter
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et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
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ar
ch
itectu
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C
C
v
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Ah
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d
Hu
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[
3
2
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s
.
T
ab
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1.
Pro
p
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m
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d
els aim
an
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lay
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s
A
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l
e
O
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p
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O
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#
L
a
y
e
r
s/
m
a
i
n
e
l
e
me
n
t
s
[
2
9
]
S
a
a
S
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
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k
f
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b
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e
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g
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st
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ms
(
C
B
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c
u
r
i
t
y
i
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l
o
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d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
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n
t
s
y
s
t
e
m,
ii
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a
l
mac
h
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s
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n
d
i
i
i
)
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
h
a
r
d
w
a
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e
[
6
]
P
r
o
p
o
ses
a
f
u
t
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
c
l
o
u
d
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h
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n
g
.
P
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
,
w
a
r
na
[
1
5
]
P
r
o
p
o
ses
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
C
C
m
o
d
e
l
,
w
h
e
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
H
EI
's
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i
c
e
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n
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s a
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d
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p
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p
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p
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b
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d
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r
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[
2
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3
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r
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w
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t
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n
,
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n
d
v
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sec
u
r
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t
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[
3
3
]
P
r
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p
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a
h
y
b
r
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d
CC
s
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t
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a
c
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d
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v
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t
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[
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1
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p
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n
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s t
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P
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Simu
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co
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tr
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elem
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esp
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d
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Su
ch
as
th
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wo
r
k
s
o
f
[
1
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,
[
2
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,
w
h
ich
em
p
h
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alig
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m
en
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o
f
tech
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s
p
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al
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eq
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tab
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Nass
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Hajr
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[
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h
as
tailo
r
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a
C
C
co
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e
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tech
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eq
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i
r
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Similar
ly
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Ald
o
ay
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et
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l.
[
2
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h
ad
w
o
v
e
n
a
r
ich
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
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co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
in
teg
r
atin
g
C
C
leg
al
,
q
u
ality
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
asp
ec
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
th
e
t
ea
ch
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
cu
ltu
r
e
ad
d
s
d
ep
th
to
th
eir
wo
r
k
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
[
3
1
]
,
wh
o
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
C
C
s
elf
-
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
"o
n
e
s
ize
f
its
all"
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
wo
r
k
s
o
f
[
6
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
c
o
llectiv
ely
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
t
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t p
r
ac
tices
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ic
m
o
d
el
s
an
d
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
HE
I
.
O
f
f
er
in
g
a
r
o
a
d
m
ap
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
h
ar
n
ess
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial o
f
C
C
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Hen
ce
,
Mu
ly
awa
n
et
a
l.
[
3
3
]
em
p
h
asized
th
e
p
e
r
p
etu
al
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
'
s
b
u
s
in
es
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
'
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
C
C
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
an
I
T
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tin
g
C
C
m
o
d
e
ls
.
E
lm
asry
an
d
I
b
r
a
h
im
[
1
5
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
C
C
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
HE
I
in
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
b
an
k
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
r
o
ject
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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tell
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2252
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8
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3
8
R
ev
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o
f c
lo
u
d
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mp
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m
o
d
els in
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
a
n
d
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n
met
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(
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min
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h
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Ma
lka
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4033
v
id
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d
em
a
n
d
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v
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m
s
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u
n
iv
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r
s
ity
m
ailin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Kh
an
et
a
l.
[
6
]
b
r
i
n
g
th
e
n
ar
r
ativ
e
to
B
ah
r
ain
'
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
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lan
d
s
ca
p
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p
o
s
t
th
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C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
g
ath
er
in
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
9
5
6
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
y
aim
ed
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
th
e
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ec
e
n
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
C
C
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
e
r
v
ices
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
with
in
th
e
e
d
u
c
atio
n
al
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
u
tlin
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
d
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les
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tili
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d
with
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
C
ed
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ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
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m
e
m
b
er
s
,
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
p
u
ter
lab
m
o
d
u
le.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w,
T
ab
le
2
b
r
ief
ly
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
a
n
d
f
ac
to
r
s
i
d
en
tifie
d
b
y
s
tu
d
ies
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r
o
p
o
s
in
g
m
o
d
els
o
r
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
r
elate
d
to
C
C
co
m
p
u
tin
g
an
d
e
-
lea
r
n
in
g
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
tab
le
n
o
tab
ly
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
e
-
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
m
o
s
t
m
o
d
els,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
a
r
y
,
th
er
e
was
m
in
im
al
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
leg
al
is
s
u
es
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
d
esp
ite
th
eir
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
in
estab
lis
h
in
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
r
u
les
am
o
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
HE
I
s
[
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
o
n
ly
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
C
h
at
b
o
ts
,
e
-
s
to
r
es,
an
d
f
in
an
ce
.
E
a
ch
ar
ticle
ex
am
in
es
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Hig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
an
id
ea
l
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els n
ee
d
ed
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
m
e
n
ts
I
t
e
ms
[
2
9
]
[
6
]
[
1
5
]
[
3
3
]
[
3
0
]
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
1
]
[
7
]
[
3
2
]
A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
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tell
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No
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,
Dec
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2
0
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4
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2
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4034
I
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r
th
n
o
tin
g
th
at
f
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
lis
ted
s
tu
d
ies
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
:
I
n
d
ia
[
3
0
]
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
3
3
]
,
B
ah
r
ain
[
6
]
,
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia
[
3
2
]
,
an
d
Om
an
[
1
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
E
lm
asry
an
d
I
b
r
ah
im
[
1
5
]
ex
p
licitly
co
v
er
s
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
g
e
n
er
al.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
all
th
ese
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
class
if
ied
as
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
at
6
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
lis
ted
s
tu
d
ies
p
er
tain
to
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
i
n
th
is
r
e
v
iew
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
a
p
o
ten
tial
g
ap
in
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
f
r
o
m
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
n
a
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
im
b
alan
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
er
e
m
ay
b
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
C
C
i
s
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
e
-
lea
r
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
in
m
o
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
g
ap
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
C
C
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
b
o
th
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
n
atio
n
s
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
r
ev
iewe
d
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els,
u
n
co
v
e
r
in
g
th
eir
p
r
im
ar
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
an
d
lay
e
r
s
.
I
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
a
g
ap
i
n
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
m
o
d
els
f
r
o
m
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
n
atio
n
s
,
as
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
W
h
ile
th
ese
m
o
d
els
ad
d
r
ess
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
a
llen
g
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
,
t
h
eir
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
lim
itatio
n
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
cu
ltu
r
al
elem
en
ts
in
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
ed
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
alig
n
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
s
p
ec
if
ic
cu
ltu
r
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
g
ap
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
n
u
a
n
ce
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
o
d
el
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
n
u
a
n
ce
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
v
ar
io
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
la
n
d
s
ca
p
es.
Ov
er
all,
th
is
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
b
o
th
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
n
atio
n
s
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
C
C
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
g
u
id
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
e
n
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
t
h
e
ad
v
an
c
em
en
ts
in
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els,
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
p
er
s
is
t.
A
lack
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
p
r
io
r
ities
with
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
m
ay
u
n
d
er
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els.
Gen
er
ic
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
m
a
y
f
ail
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
cu
ltu
r
ally
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies'
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
e
lim
itatio
n
s
wo
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
an
ce
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
o
d
el
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
n
u
an
ce
s
,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
es.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
p
ap
er
h
as
id
en
tifie
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
a
p
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
C
C
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
:
th
e
lack
o
f
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
elicitatio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
is
g
ap
m
ay
h
in
d
e
r
p
latf
o
r
m
s
f
r
o
m
d
eliv
er
in
g
o
p
tim
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
an
d
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
cu
ltu
r
al
s
en
s
itiv
ity
.
Fu
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
in
teg
r
atin
g
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
s
elicitatio
n
m
o
d
els
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
g
ap
s
an
d
al
ig
n
with
th
e
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
lear
n
e
r
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
co
u
ld
in
v
o
lv
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
es
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
in
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
I
n
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
in
teg
r
atin
g
em
e
r
g
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
to
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
co
u
ld
o
f
f
er
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
a
n
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
Ov
e
r
all,
ad
v
an
cin
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
C
C
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
lear
n
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
C
C
e
-
lear
n
in
g
h
as
lim
itatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
co
p
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
g
ap
s
in
liter
atu
r
e
co
v
er
ag
e,
d
ata
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es,
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
m
ay
af
f
ec
t
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
an
d
d
e
p
th
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
also
o
f
f
er
s
p
r
ac
tic
al
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
.
I
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
elicitatio
n
m
o
d
els,
cu
ltu
r
al
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
an
d
s
u
g
g
ests
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
p
o
licy
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
an
d
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
C
C
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
N
a
sser
a
n
d
A
.
H
a
j
r
i
,
“
A
c
l
o
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
S
u
l
t
a
n
a
t
e
o
f
O
ma
n
,
”
P
h
.
D
.
T
h
e
si
s
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
B
o
u
r
n
e
m
o
u
t
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
D
o
r
set
,
U
n
i
t
e
d
K
i
n
g
d
o
m,
2
0
2
0
.
[
2
]
M
.
A
l
d
o
a
y
a
n
,
R
.
S
a
h
a
n
d
i
,
D
.
J
o
h
n
,
a
n
d
D
.
C
e
t
i
n
k
a
y
a
,
“
A
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
f
o
r
c
l
o
u
d
-
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
AC
M
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
S
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.