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,
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,
Feb
r
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ar
y
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
3
9
7
~
4
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I
SS
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2252
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8
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3
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DOI
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y
2
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2
5
:
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9
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407
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a
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
l
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n
.
S
p
a
t
i
o
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
ll
o
w
s
r
es
e
a
r
ch
e
r
s
t
o
u
n
c
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
i
n
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
1
]
.
S
p
a
t
i
o
-
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
d
a
t
a
c
o
n
ta
i
n
t
h
e
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
al
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
te
m
p
o
r
a
l
o
r
ti
m
e
o
f
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
ts
al
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
n
o
n
-
s
p
at
i
o
t
e
m
p
o
r
al
f
e
a
t
u
r
es
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
t
s
.
S
p
a
ti
o
-
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
d
a
ta
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
is
a
m
a
c
h
in
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
t
o
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
i
n
a
d
a
t
as
e
t
b
y
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
es
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
it
y
m
e
as
u
r
e
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
t
r
a
cl
u
s
t
e
r
s
i
n
s
ta
n
c
e
s
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
h
i
g
h
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
it
y
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
es
a
r
e
i
n
c
o
h
e
r
e
n
t
w
it
h
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
es
o
f
o
t
h
e
r
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
t
o
f
o
r
m
d
i
s
ti
n
c
t
c
l
u
s
te
r
s
.
I
n
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
,
is
a
n
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
e
d
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
t
h
a
t
s
e
p
a
r
a
t
e
s
a
n
u
n
l
a
b
el
e
d
d
a
ta
s
e
t
i
n
to
a
f
i
n
it
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
h
o
s
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
a
r
e
d
a
t
a
i
n
s
t
a
n
ce
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
t
o
i
t
s
g
r
o
u
p
t
h
a
n
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
r
e
t
e
r
m
e
d
a
s
cl
u
s
te
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
s
a
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
is
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
:
Giv
en
an
in
p
u
t
d
ata
s
et
X=
{x
1
,
x
2
,
…,
x
n
},
wh
er
e
ea
ch
x
i
h
as
s
et
o
f
j
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
W
e
attem
p
t
to
d
er
iv
e
‘
k
’
cl
u
s
ter
s
g
iv
en
as
C
={
c
1
,
c
2
,
…c
k
}
s
atis
f
y
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
F
o
r
al
l
i,j
ϵ
{1
,
…k
},
ea
c
h
|c
i
|
>0
,
an
d
∩
=
ø
,
an
d
=
∪
=
0
.
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
in
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
r
e
v
iewin
g
cu
s
to
m
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
.
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
as
a
to
o
l
is
also
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
ab
n
o
r
m
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
o
u
tlier
s
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
e
x
h
ib
it
th
e
s
am
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
as
t
h
at
o
f
o
t
h
er
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
is
an
al
y
s
is
h
elp
s
d
etec
t
r
ar
e
b
u
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
atter
n
s
in
u
r
b
a
n
p
lan
n
in
g
[
2
]
,
b
ig
clim
ate
d
ata
an
aly
tics
[
3
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
o
f
clu
s
ter
in
g
we
ten
d
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
is
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
s
am
e
s
ev
er
ity
,
r
e
g
io
n
s
o
f
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
d
is
p
lay
in
g
f
o
r
esh
o
ck
s
a
n
d
af
ter
s
h
o
ck
s
o
f
m
ain
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
ev
e
n
ts
.
E
ar
th
q
u
ak
es
ar
e
n
atu
r
al
ev
e
n
ts
th
at
ca
u
s
e
tr
em
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
E
ar
t
h
’
s
co
r
e
t
o
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
ese
s
u
d
d
en
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
m
a
y
d
estr
o
y
u
s
ef
u
l
n
atu
r
al
a
n
d
m
an
-
m
ad
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
a
r
ea
s
,
wh
ich
m
ay
h
a
v
e
a
tr
en
d
o
r
r
ea
ch
o
f
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
im
p
ac
ts
u
s
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
p
atter
n
m
in
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
Hen
ce
,
we
f
o
c
u
s
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
o
n
d
e
r
iv
in
g
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
atter
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
o
n
I
n
d
ian
ea
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
e
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
d
ata.
W
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
o
u
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
ticle
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i
)
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
c
en
tr
o
id
s
;
i
i)
a
m
eth
o
d
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
ten
tativ
e
clu
s
ter
s
to
f
ix
e
d
clu
s
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
d
en
s
ity
;
iii)
o
u
tlier
s
co
r
e
an
d
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
q
u
ality
;
iv
)
de
tectin
g
s
p
at
io
-
tem
p
o
r
al
r
e
f
er
en
ce
d
v
ar
iab
les
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
v
e
r
tim
e
; a
n
d
v
)
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
im
p
l
em
en
ted
an
d
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tally
v
alid
ated
.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
p
ap
e
r
ad
h
er
es
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e:
s
ec
tio
n
2
ex
p
lo
r
es
r
elate
d
liter
atu
r
e
.
S
ec
tio
n
3
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
. S
ec
tio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
d
is
tan
ce
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
co
m
p
u
tes a
d
is
tan
ce
m
etr
ic
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
clu
s
ter
s
im
ilar
o
r
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
m
etr
ic
u
s
ed
ar
e
E
u
clid
ea
n
d
is
tan
ce
,
d
y
n
am
ic
tim
e
war
p
i
n
g
[
4
]
,
lo
n
g
est
co
m
m
o
n
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
ce
(
L
C
SS
)
[
5
]
,
ed
it
d
is
tan
c
e
o
n
r
ea
l
s
eq
u
en
ce
(
E
DR
)
[
6
]
,
Hau
s
d
r
o
f
f
[
7
]
,
a
n
d
Fré
ch
et
[
8
]
d
is
tan
ce
.
Den
s
ity
b
ased
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
d
e
n
s
ity
s
atis
f
y
in
g
r
eg
io
n
s
in
to
cl
u
s
ter
s
[
9
]
.
Featu
r
e
-
b
ased
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
f
ir
s
t
ex
tr
ac
ts
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
th
en
c
o
m
p
u
tes
th
eir
s
im
ilar
ity
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
im
e
s
er
ies
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
k
er
n
el
d
en
s
ity
was
t
h
e
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
tak
en
to
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
d
en
s
ity
-
b
ased
s
p
atial
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
n
o
is
e
(
ST
-
DB
SC
A
N
)
[
1
2
]
.
A
s
p
ik
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
cl
u
s
ter
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
b
r
ain
d
at
a
[
1
3
]
.
Gu
o
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
an
aly
s
e
d
f
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
es
o
n
p
eo
p
le
o
f
Z
h
ejian
g
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
u
s
in
g
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
clu
s
ter
in
g
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
s
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
s
tatis
t
ical
an
d
s
p
atial
an
aly
s
is
alo
n
g
with
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
s
ca
n
n
in
g
.
He
r
e
th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
f
o
u
n
d
is
lar
g
e
.
L
o
io
la
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
a
h
y
b
r
id
b
u
r
n
e
d
ar
ea
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
m
o
d
er
ate
r
eso
lu
tio
n
im
ag
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
r
ad
io
m
eter
(
MO
DI
S)
th
er
m
al
a
n
o
m
alies
an
d
NI
R
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
with
s
p
atial
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
2
5
0
m
o
n
MO
DI
S
d
ata.
H
o
ts
p
o
ts
clu
s
te
r
s
wer
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
to
d
is
co
v
e
r
f
ir
e
ac
tiv
e
a
r
ea
s
.
All
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
r
ef
lect
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
tack
le
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
th
u
s
th
ey
h
av
e
lim
ited
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
.
Go
n
g
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
a
m
o
d
el
th
at
lear
n
s
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
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ar
ticle
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n
tr
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s
ter
in
g
is
s
tu
d
ied
in
[
1
7
]
,
it
id
en
tifie
s
clu
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ter
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ased
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n
Hau
s
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[
1
8
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,
[
1
9
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tr
ajec
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n
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is
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s
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o
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2
0
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ased
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[
2
1
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,
s
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R
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[
2
2
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I
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t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Dyn
a
mic
s
p
a
tio
-
temp
o
r
a
l p
a
tter
n
d
is
co
ve
r
y:
a
n
o
ve
l
g
r
id
a
n
d
d
en
s
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
w
a
ti Mesh
r
a
m
)
401
s
im
ilar
ity
.
As
a
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
d
is
tan
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e,
we
ad
o
p
t
th
e
Hav
er
s
in
e
d
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
f
o
r
s
p
atial
d
is
tan
ce
alo
n
g
with
th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
d
is
tan
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
d
a
y
s
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
th
e
tim
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
b
etwe
en
an
y
two
ev
en
ts
was a
t le
ast 1
.
T
h
e
Hav
er
s
in
e
d
is
t
an
ce
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
two
s
p
atial
in
s
tan
ce
s
is
ex
p
r
ess
e
d
as
(
2
)
:
(
,
)
=
2
.
√
2
(
−
)
+
(
)
.
(
)
+
2
(
−
)
(
2
)
wh
er
e
R
is
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
E
a
r
th
with
v
alu
e
as 6
3
7
1
k
m
s
.
A,
B
,
C
,
D
r
ep
r
esen
ts
:
=
.
,
=
.
,
=
.
,
=
.
(
3
)
(
,
)
=
{
_
(
.
−
.
)
,
(
.
≠
.
)
1
,
(
.
=
.
)
(4
)
Step
1
: D
eter
m
in
e
m
in
im
u
m
a
n
d
m
ax
im
u
m
lo
n
g
itu
d
e
a
n
d
lat
itu
d
e
co
o
r
d
in
ates
of
th
e
d
ataset
.
(
min
,
min
)
=
∀
min
(
.
,
.
)
(
ma
x
,
ma
x
)
=
∀
(
.
,
.
(
5
)
=
∀
min
(
.
)
=
∀
ma
x
(
.
)
(
6
)
Step
2
:
C
alcu
late
th
e
s
tep
s
ize
.
l
a
t
=
(
m
a
x
lat
-
m
i
n
lat
)
L
on
=
(
m
a
x
lo
n
-
m
i
n
lo
n
)
∆
=
(
−
)
|
|
(
7
)
wh
er
e
λ
is
in
itialis
ed
to
2
0
.
Step
3
: Fo
r
m
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
g
r
id
with
g
r
i
d
ce
lls
.
1
=
m
in
l
a
t
+
×
,
≤
2
=
1
+
,
2
≤
1
=
+
×
,
≤
2
=
1
+
,
2
≤
(8
)
(
1
,
2
,
1
,
2
)
;
(
,
+
)
(9
)
Step
4
:
Allo
ca
te
th
e
d
ata
-
p
o
in
t
s
to
th
e
g
r
id
ce
lls
.
=
{
|
(
.
m
in
l
a
t
≤
.
≤
.
m
a
x
l
a
t
)
∧
(
_
.
.
≤
_
.
≤
_
.
)
∧
.
∈
[
−
1
,
]
}
(1
0
)
wh
er
e
O
m
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
in
s
tan
ce
s
,
with
its
ev
en
t tim
e
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
th
e
in
te
r
v
al
k
-
1
to
k
.
Step
5
: Co
m
p
u
te
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
id
ce
ll a
s
(
)
=
|
|
,
∀
∈
∧
.
∈
[
−
1
,
]
(1
1
)
wh
er
e
G
ijk
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
r
id
ce
ll in
d
ex
n
u
m
b
er
.
Step
6
: D
eter
m
in
e
‘
p
’
,
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
le
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
.
=
|
2
(
(
)
)
+
|
(1
2
)
wh
er
e
γ
tak
es v
alu
e
as 2
.
Step
7
: D
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
l
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
(
PC
en
tr
e)
.
If
(
)
>
/*
Select
p
r
o
b
ab
le
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
s
P *
/
(
)
=
{
(
)
|
∈
}
(1
3
)
|
(
)
|
≤
(1
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
5
:
3
9
7
-
407
402
wh
er
e
p
is
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
le
ce
n
t
r
o
id
s
.
Step
8
: A
s
s
ig
n
ea
ch
g
r
id
ce
ll
d
ata
in
s
tan
ce
s
to
th
e
clo
s
est p
r
o
b
ab
le
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
s
with
m
in
im
u
m
d
is
tan
ce
to
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
b
a
b
le
clu
s
ter
s
.
(
)
=
=
1
.
.
{
(
,
)
}
(
1
5
)
wh
er
e
d
is
t is th
e
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
d
is
tan
ce
g
iv
en
as
(
,
)
=
(
,
)
∗
(
,
)
(
1
6
)
Hd
is
t is th
e
Hav
er
s
in
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
two
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
d
is
t is th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
d
is
tan
c
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
ev
en
ts
co
n
v
e
r
ted
in
to
d
ay
s
.
Step
9
: Co
m
p
u
te
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
le
clu
s
ter
s
.
(
)
=
∑
(
,
)
∈
|
|
(
1
7
)
Step
1
0
: Calcu
late
th
e
d
en
s
ity
attr
ac
tio
n
r
ate
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
le
ce
n
t
r
o
id
s
.
(
)
=
|
|
|
|
(
1
8
)
Step
1
1
: So
r
t th
e
d
en
s
ity
attr
a
ctio
n
r
ate
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
id
ce
ll.
T
h
e
d
en
s
ity
attr
ac
tio
n
r
ate
is
u
s
ed
to
m
er
g
e
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
s
with
m
in
im
u
m
p
o
in
ts
jo
in
s
to
s
tr
o
n
g
clu
s
ter
s
in
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
h
o
o
d
.
Step
1
2
:
ℎ
∈
ℎ
∈
(
(
)
≤
)
ℎ
←
−
(
1
9
)
(
(
)
≥
0
.
3
)
ℎ
/*
I
n
clu
d
e
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
f
in
al
li
s
t o
f
clu
s
ter
s
*/
←
(
2
0
)
(
(
)
<
0
.
3
)
ℎ
Go
to
s
tep
1
3
Step
1
3
: Co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ce
n
tr
o
id
to
ce
n
tr
o
id
d
is
tan
ce
m
at
r
ix
,
p
x
p
f
o
r
p
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
(
,
)
=
(
,
)
−
(
)
−
(
)
(
2
1
)
Step
1
4
:
Fin
d
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
clu
s
ter
s
u
s
in
g
ex
ter
io
r
d
is
tan
ce
.
ℎ
(
)
=
(
−
)
(
2
2
)
Step
1
5
:
Fin
d
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
clu
s
ter
d
en
s
ity
attr
ac
tio
n
r
ate
t
o
m
er
g
e
th
e
clu
s
ter
.
(
(
)
≤
(
)
)
ℎ
←
∪
←
−
←
−
(
2
3
)
C
o
n
tin
u
e
s
tep
1
2
(
(
)
>
(
)
)
ℎ
←
∪
←
−
←
−
(
2
4
)
C
o
n
tin
u
e
s
tep
1
2
Step
1
5
:
Fin
d
o
u
tlier
r
atio
.
_
=
|
∪
∀
|
|
|
(
2
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Dyn
a
mic
s
p
a
tio
-
temp
o
r
a
l p
a
tter
n
d
is
co
ve
r
y:
a
n
o
ve
l
g
r
id
a
n
d
d
en
s
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
w
a
ti Mesh
r
a
m
)
403
Step
1
6
:
C
alcu
late
s
ilh
o
u
ette
in
d
ex
f
o
r
q
u
ality
.
ℎ
_
=
−
(
,
)
(
2
6
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
m
ea
n
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
to
all
o
th
er
d
ata
in
s
tan
ce
s
with
in
th
e
clu
s
ter
.
M
is
th
e
m
ea
n
d
is
tan
ce
to
all
o
th
er
clu
s
ter
s
d
ata
in
s
tan
ce
s
.
Step
1
7
:
Sto
p
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
4
p
r
esen
t
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lt
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
clu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
is
p
lay
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
an
d
d
ep
th
o
f
e
v
er
y
clu
s
ter
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
tim
e
in
th
e
I
n
d
ian
s
u
b
c
o
n
t
in
en
t.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
ed
clu
s
ter
s
in
s
p
ac
e
a
n
d
tim
e
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
.
Den
s
ely
p
o
p
u
lated
clu
s
te
r
2
5
is
in
Fay
za
b
ad
,
Af
g
h
an
is
tan
,
Pak
is
tan
,
an
d
J
a
m
m
u
Kash
m
ir
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
I
n
d
ia
with
1
2
1
9
ev
e
n
ts
an
d
a
m
ea
n
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
4
.
1
5
r
ic
h
ter
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
clu
s
ter
2
5
h
as
b
ee
n
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
as
r
ef
lecte
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
d
u
r
atio
n
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
m
ea
n
tim
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
ev
e
n
ts
is
9
9
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t h
ig
h
ly
p
o
p
u
late
d
clu
s
ter
7
,
is
in
th
e
ea
s
ter
n
I
n
d
ia
r
eg
io
n
th
at
in
clu
d
e
Miz
o
r
am
,
Ar
u
n
ac
h
al
Pra
d
esh
,
an
d
Ma
n
ip
u
r
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
is
3
.
4
8
r
ich
ter
s
ca
le.
T
h
en
th
e
n
ex
t
h
ig
h
est
b
ei
n
g
t
h
e
Him
a
ch
al
Pra
d
esh
,
Uttar
a
k
h
an
d
,
an
d
ce
r
tain
r
eg
io
n
o
f
J
am
m
u
Kash
m
ir
as
clu
s
ter
1
9
with
m
ea
n
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
3
.
0
8
r
ich
ter
s
ca
le.
Nex
t
i
s
th
e
An
d
am
an
Nico
b
ar
I
s
lan
d
s
clu
s
ter
1
wit
h
a
m
ea
n
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
4
.
4
5
r
ich
ter
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
i
s
also
r
ef
lects
t
h
at
th
er
e
ar
e
f
ewe
r
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
es
with
h
ig
h
e
r
m
a
g
n
itu
d
es
an
d
m
a
n
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
it with
m
o
d
er
ate
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
i.e
.
m
ajo
r
ly
t
h
e
ev
e
n
ts
f
all
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
3
.
5
to
5
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
ea
r
th
q
u
a
k
es
ar
e
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
less
er
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
in
th
e
n
ea
r
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
af
ter
s
h
o
c
k
s
ar
e
ev
en
f
elt
a
f
ter
s
ev
er
al
d
ay
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tlier
r
atio
was
0
.
0
0
5
%
to
wa
r
d
s
th
e
3
8
ev
en
ts
n
o
t
clo
s
er
t
o
an
y
o
f
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
s
in
s
p
ac
e
-
tim
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
Ou
tlier
s
ar
e
ev
en
ts
th
at
b
elo
n
g
to
r
eg
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
Om
an
an
d
Ma
ld
iv
es,
th
at
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
g
r
id
an
d
c
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
an
y
clu
s
ter
s
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tan
ce
b
ein
g
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
h
as
s
h
o
wn
s
p
ati
al
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
c
h
an
g
in
g
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
m
o
d
elin
g
.
I
f
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
tim
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
ar
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
,
will
r
esu
lt
in
m
er
g
in
g
m
an
y
cl
u
s
ter
s
in
o
n
e
o
r
co
u
ld
r
esu
lt
in
o
v
er
lap
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
at
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ar
e
co
r
r
elate
d
in
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
n
d
t
en
d
s
to
g
e
n
er
ate
clu
s
ter
s
.
Acr
o
s
s
an
d
with
in
th
e
clu
s
ter
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
v
ar
iatio
n
d
if
f
er
en
tiate
r
eg
io
n
s
with
h
ig
h
-
r
is
k
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
z
o
n
es.
L
o
w
-
r
is
k
clu
s
ter
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
An
d
a
m
an
,
Nico
b
ar
,
J
am
m
u
an
d
Kash
m
ir
r
eg
io
n
s
co
m
p
r
is
e
h
ig
h
-
r
is
k
clu
s
ter
s
.
Hig
h
-
r
is
k
ev
en
ts
with
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
ab
o
v
e
s
ix
r
ich
ter
s
ca
les
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
cl
u
s
ter
2
4
.
Gr
ea
ter
d
ep
th
e
v
en
ts
ar
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
in
clu
s
ter
2
5
th
at
m
ak
e
it
h
i
g
h
-
r
is
k
cl
u
s
ter
s
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
c
o
m
p
lex
r
eg
i
o
n
s
d
u
e
t
o
m
an
y
f
a
u
lt
lin
es
p
er
io
d
ically
r
elea
s
in
g
th
e
tect
o
n
ic
s
tr
ess
es in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
es.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
r
esu
l
t
f
o
r
e
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
e
c
l
ass
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
p
a
ti
o
-
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
r
e
b
e
s
t
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
is
h
i
g
h
e
r
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
t
h
a
t
i
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
i
s
t
h
e
a
l
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
a
t
a
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
to
g
r
i
d
s
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
t
h
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
t
o
f
a
r
t
h
e
s
t
c
en
t
r
o
i
d
s
n
o
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
.
E
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
n
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Gi
v
e
n
t
h
a
t
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s
el
e
c
t
i
o
n
is
a
r
an
d
o
m
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
m
a
y
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
i
n
t
r
a
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
d
is
t
a
n
c
e
.
F
o
r
e
v
e
n
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s
t
o
f
o
r
m
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
wi
t
h
s
t
r
o
n
g
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
a
b
l
e
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s
,
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
t
t
r
a
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
o
f
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
l
o
c
a
l
l
y
a
n
d
g
l
o
b
a
l
l
y
h
a
v
e
l
e
d
t
o
b
e
t
t
e
r
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
.
W
e
u
s
e
d
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
a
r
d
p
o
l
i
c
y
t
o
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e
t
h
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
m
e
r
g
e
t
o
t
h
o
s
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
c
l
u
s
t
er
s
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
e
r
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
at
t
r
a
c
ti
o
n
r
a
t
e
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ten
d
ed
to
h
av
e
an
in
o
r
d
i
n
ately
h
ig
h
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
d
a
ta
clu
s
ter
s
b
ased
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
d
en
s
ity
,
wh
ich
is
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
th
e
r
esu
lt
as
s
h
o
wn
in
STK
-
m
ea
n
s
m
eth
o
d
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
es
5
a
n
d
6.
STK
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
tim
e
s
lice
o
f
d
ata
in
s
tan
ce
s
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
to
s
p
atial
d
is
tan
ce
wh
er
ea
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
n
o
n
o
v
er
lap
p
i
n
g
d
is
tin
ct
clu
s
ter
s
.
Ou
r
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
h
ig
h
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
p
atial
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
ataset
an
d
d
en
s
it
y
attr
ac
tio
n
r
atio
,
r
esu
lts
in
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
o
u
tlier
s
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
q
u
ality
.
W
h
ich
is
ev
id
e
n
t f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
ST_
DB
SC
AN
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
es
7
an
d
8
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
b
en
ef
it
s
f
r
o
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
clu
s
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
id
ce
ll
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
its
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
al
s
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
m
in
th
r
esh
o
ld
p
ar
am
eter
m
in
T
H
is
cr
u
cial
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
o
u
tlier
th
r
esh
o
l
d
.
I
f
t
h
e
m
i
n
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
is
clo
s
e
t
o
ze
r
o
,
will
r
esu
lt
in
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
ev
er
y
d
ata
i
n
s
tan
ce
to
s
o
m
e
c
lu
s
ter
.
B
u
t
ev
e
n
a
s
lig
h
t
in
c
r
e
ase
in
m
in
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
,
s
tar
t
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
u
tlier
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
th
e
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
th
at
also
is
o
f
im
p
o
r
t
an
ce
is
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
lin
k
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
clu
s
ter
s
.
As
th
is
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
wee
n
clu
s
ter
s
in
cr
ea
s
es,
it
r
esu
lts
in
to
m
o
r
e
tig
h
tly
co
u
p
led
clu
s
ter
s
with
h
ig
h
e
r
d
en
s
ity
to
war
d
s
th
e
co
r
e
.
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
wh
en
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
lin
k
ag
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
is
m
ad
e
s
m
all,
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
a
r
b
itra
r
y
in
s
h
ap
e,
an
d
ar
e
lo
o
s
ely
c
o
u
p
led
to
th
e
c
o
r
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
as
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
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etwe
e
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ce
n
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o
id
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d
th
e
d
ata
i
n
s
tan
ce
s
o
n
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h
e
b
o
r
d
er
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s
in
c
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
s
ilh
o
u
ette
in
d
ex
is
ab
o
u
t
0
.
9
3
r
ef
lectin
g
g
o
o
d
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8
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14
,
No
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1
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Feb
r
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ar
y
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9
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407
404
clu
s
ter
in
g
r
esu
lt.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
o
n
th
is
d
ataset
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as sh
o
wn
b
ette
r
clu
s
ter
in
g
q
u
ality
.
W
ith
Dav
is
B
o
u
ld
in
DB
in
d
e
x
2
.
3
3
7
as
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
T
ab
l
e
5
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
a
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
d
is
tan
ce
s
b
et
wee
n
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
cl
u
s
ter
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esu
lt o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
n
t
h
e
e
ar
t
h
q
u
ak
e
d
ataset
s
h
o
win
g
d
is
tin
ct
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
with
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
d
ep
th
with
r
esp
ec
t to
tim
e
p
lo
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
9
3
8
Dyn
a
mic
s
p
a
tio
-
temp
o
r
a
l p
a
tter
n
d
is
co
ve
r
y:
a
n
o
ve
l
g
r
id
a
n
d
d
en
s
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
S
w
a
ti Mesh
r
a
m
)
405
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
esu
lt o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
n
t
h
e
ea
r
t
h
q
u
ak
e
d
ataset
s
h
o
win
g
tr
en
d
o
f
ev
en
ts
with
clu
s
ter
in
g
s
ize
Fig
u
r
e
5.
R
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RE
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[
1
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.
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J.
C
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Pr
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5
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[
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]
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Ö
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V
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[
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.