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3
,
Sep
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201
5
,
p
p
.
97
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1
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4
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SS
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it
h
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t
s
p
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f
ea
t
u
r
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I
n
[
1
]
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
co
n
tr
as
t
m
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s
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w
it
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i
s
cr
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s
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tr
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m
ain
f
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m
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ith
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ig
n
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f
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tch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
I
n
[
2
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
m
ai
n
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
s
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o
m
ai
n
m
et
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o
d
s
w
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is
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r
a
m
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o
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.
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etails
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s
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a
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al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
r
ea
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
[
3
]
,
th
e
Me
h
ter
m
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h
o
d
w
it
h
Hi
g
h
-
P
ass
Fi
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Hi
s
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r
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m
E
q
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aliza
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lo
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Fi
lter
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s
ed
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o
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a
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ci
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p
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m
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a
n
d
th
e
n
e
w
Me
h
tr
e
tec
h
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iq
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e
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i
v
e
s
b
etter
p
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f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
e
to
ex
is
ti
n
g
Me
h
tr
e
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
n
[
4
]
,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
au
r
a
alter
atio
n
,
t
h
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
is
ap
p
lied
o
n
u
ltra
s
o
u
n
d
i
m
ag
es
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p
r
ed
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th
e
d
is
ea
s
es
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
ap
p
licab
le
to
o
th
er
m
ed
ical
i
m
a
g
es.
I
n
[
5
]
,
u
s
ed
an
er
o
s
io
n
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
q
u
alit
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p
ar
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m
eter
s
li
k
e
p
ea
k
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
i
s
e
r
atio
(
P
SNR
)
an
d
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
MSE
)
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
g
as
b
u
r
n
er
i
m
a
g
e
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
g
iv
es
b
etter
r
esu
lts
w
h
e
n
P
SNR
is
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
MSE
w
it
h
lo
w
v
al
u
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8938
IJ
-
AI
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
e
r
201
5
:
97
–
104
98
I
n
[
6
]
,
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
an
d
A
r
ti
f
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B
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C
o
lo
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et
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q
u
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s
.
T
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ap
p
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p
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v
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t
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n
y
Op
t
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m
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n
m
et
h
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d
.
I
n
[
7
]
,
f
ilter
in
g
an
d
His
to
g
r
a
m
E
q
u
aliza
tio
n
,
g
r
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y
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ca
le
m
a
n
i
p
u
latio
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n
d
f
as
t
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
th
er
m
a
l
i
m
a
g
es.
I
n
[
8
]
,
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
c
in
g
an
d
s
e
g
m
en
t
in
g
th
e
i
m
ag
e.
I
n
[
9
]
,
th
e
f
i
n
g
er
p
r
in
t
i
m
a
g
es,
co
lo
r
i
m
a
g
es
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n
d
m
ed
ical
i
m
ag
e
s
a
r
e
en
h
a
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ce
d
b
y
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s
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f
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l
o
g
ic
ap
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.
T
h
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m
et
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f
ails
to
en
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a
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t
h
e
v
id
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s
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I
n
[
1
0
]
,
f
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r
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ca
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d
u
s
ed
f
o
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en
h
an
ci
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
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n
d
i
s
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v
in
g
an
d
s
m
o
o
t
h
i
n
g
th
e
ed
g
e
s
.
I
n
[
1
1
]
,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
Do
m
i
n
an
t
B
r
ig
h
t
n
es
s
an
d
A
d
ap
tiv
e
I
n
te
n
s
it
y
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r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
i
m
ag
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
lo
w
co
n
tr
asted
s
atellite
i
m
a
g
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
a
v
o
id
th
e
o
v
er
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
co
m
p
ar
e
to
ex
is
t
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
I
n
[
1
2
]
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
ast
s
tr
etch
i
n
g
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
MRI
k
n
ee
i
m
a
g
es,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
i
m
a
g
e
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
f
o
r
r
em
o
v
i
n
g
n
o
is
e,
a
u
to
m
at
ic
ed
g
e
d
etec
t
io
n
,
ed
g
e
o
r
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
ast
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
an
d
i
s
n
o
t
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
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en
h
an
c
in
g
th
e
d
a
m
a
g
ed
i
m
a
g
es
w
h
en
m
u
ltip
le
n
o
is
e
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
an
i
m
ag
e.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
an
A
d
ap
tiv
e
C
o
n
tr
as
t
E
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
B
ased
o
n
m
o
d
if
ied
S
ig
m
o
id
F
u
n
cti
o
n
(
A
C
E
B
SF
)
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
u
s
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
h
er
e
i
m
a
g
es
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
v
a
r
io
u
s
co
n
tr
ast
i
n
co
n
v
e
n
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
it
g
iv
e
s
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
,
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
less
C
P
U
ti
m
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
al
i
m
a
g
e
s
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
p
r
esen
ts
f
u
zz
y
as
s
o
ciat
io
n
r
u
le
m
in
i
n
g
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
m
m
o
g
r
a
m
i
m
ag
e.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
p
r
o
v
e
n
b
etter
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
a
n
d
it
u
s
e
s
less
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
b
ased
o
n
n
o
v
el
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
it
h
s
tati
s
tical
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
w
it
h
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
h
o
o
d
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
,
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
a
n
d
it
p
r
eser
v
es
t
h
e
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
a
n
d
b
r
ig
h
tn
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
.
I
n
[
1
6
]
,
C
o
n
tr
ast
L
i
m
ited
A
d
ap
ti
v
e
His
to
g
r
a
m
E
q
u
aliza
tio
n
(
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L
A
HE
)
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eth
o
d
f
o
r
i
m
a
g
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en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
clas
s
3
f
u
zz
y
C
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
im
ag
e
s
eg
m
e
n
ti
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
a
t
les
s
er
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P
U
p
r
o
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s
s
i
n
g
co
s
tan
d
i
s
n
o
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
li
k
e
F
C
M
(
Fu
zz
y
C
-
Me
an
)
an
d
C
-
m
ea
n
.
I
n
[
1
7
]
,
ar
tif
icial
in
te
lli
g
e
n
ce
u
s
ed
f
o
r
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
etter
r
esu
l
ts
co
m
p
ar
e
to
s
p
atial
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
o
p
tim
ized
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
alti
m
e
an
d
f
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
I
n
[
1
8
]
,
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
ased
o
n
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
w
it
h
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
m
o
d
if
ica
tio
n
s
f
o
r
all
co
lo
r
im
ag
e
s
an
d
g
r
a
y
s
ca
le
i
m
a
g
es.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
b
a
s
ed
o
n
f
u
zz
y
t
y
p
e2
an
d
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
g
r
ad
ien
t
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
ed
g
e
d
etec
tio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
B
u
t
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
h
eig
h
t
s
an
d
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
s
f
o
r
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
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n
.
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IJ
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
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AI
I
SS
N:
2252
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8938
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103
6.
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RE
F
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NC
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S
[1
]
Jin
sh
a
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to
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Im
a
g
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Us
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sig
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s
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2
0
0
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(1
0
):
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.
[2
]
Ra
m
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n
M
a
in
i,
Him
a
n
sh
u
Ag
g
a
r
w
a
l.
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Co
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Tec
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,
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0
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0
;
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(3
):
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-
13.
[3
]
M
u
sta
f
a
S
a
lah
Kh
a
lefa
,
Zaid
Am
in
A
b
d
u
lj
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b
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n
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Hu
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a
Am
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in
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im
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h
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:
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.
[4
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S
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A
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m
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ra
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ter
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o
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u
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mp
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ter
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h
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2
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):
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[5
]
P
o
o
ja
Ka
u
sh
ik
,
Yu
v
r
a
j
S
h
a
rm
a
.
Co
m
p
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f
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re
n
t
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m
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h
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h
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se
.
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ter
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g
Res
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a
rc
h
,
2
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;
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(1
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).
[6
]
A
d
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n
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h
a
ro
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,
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m
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Ra
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-
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6
1
.
[7
]
S
h
w
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ta
Ty
a
g
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H
e
m
a
n
t
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h
ia.
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m
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h
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g
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ter
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[8
]
Ko
m
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V
ij
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u
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e
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2
0
1
3
;
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):
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3
4
2
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6
.
[9
]
P
re
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th
i
S
J,
K
Ra
jes
w
a
ri.
M
e
m
b
e
rsh
ip
F
u
n
c
ti
o
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m
o
d
if
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2
0
1
3
;
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2
):
1
1
4
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8
.
[1
0
]
Ja
sp
re
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t
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in
g
h
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jal.
En
h
a
n
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e
m
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n
t
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:
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1
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G
V
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Ga
n
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p
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[1
2
]
U
P
a
v
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n
Ku
m
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P
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d
m
a
ja.
A
H
y
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2
0
1
3
;
4
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):
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3
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5
1
.
[1
3
]
S
h
y
a
m
L
a
l,
M
a
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sh
Ch
a
n
d
ra
.
Eff
icie
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-
+
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A
l
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m
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4
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K
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s
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M
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ter
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J
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4
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5
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2
1
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[1
5
]
Nu
n
g
sa
n
g
in
la
L
o
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g
k
u
m
e
r,
M
u
k
e
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m
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Ja
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d
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ig
h
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p
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g
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S
ig
n
a
l
&
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a
g
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Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
:
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In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
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J
o
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rn
a
l
,
2
0
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4
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5
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1
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6
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S
h
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ra
S
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n
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h
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M
a
n
ish
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o
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h
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ish
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e
g
m
e
n
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f
Un
d
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rw
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ter
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[1
7
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G
u
rp
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k
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a
v
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d
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in
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h
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2
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4
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5
1
.
[1
8
]
S
h
a
z
ia
S
id
d
iq
u
i,
P
ra
v
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n
Ku
m
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r
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g
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F
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ter
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p
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s
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2
0
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4
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0
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9
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-
14
.
[1
9
]
P
a
tri
c
ia
M
e
l
i
n
,
Cla
u
d
ia
I
G
o
n
z
a
l
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a
n
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stro
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e
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Ed
g
e
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tec
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e
th
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m
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g
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Ty
p
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-
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F
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y
L
o
g
ic
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IEE
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tra
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s
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f
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2
0
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2
5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8938
IJ
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AI
Vo
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4
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No
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3
,
Sep
tem
b
e
r
201
5
:
97
–
104
104
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
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S O
F
AUTH
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RS
U.
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e
sa
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s
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in
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De
p
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o
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in
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In
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in
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lg
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Re
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c
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s”
.
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C.
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g
a
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